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Toolkit for the Preparation of a Drinking Water Security Plan

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Toolkit for the Preparation of a Drinking Water Security Plan TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN February 2015 Supported by the Government of India, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation and Water and Sanitation Program 1 TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN 2 TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN February 2015 Supported by the Government of India, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation and Water and Sanitation Program 3 TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN 4 lfpo TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF fot;y{eh tks’kh ,bZ. ,. ,l. A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN Hkkjr ljdkj VIJAYLAXMI JOSHI I.A.S. is;ty ,oa LoPNrk ea=ky; Secretary Government of India Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation C-3 Wing, 4th Floor, Paryavaran Bhawan, New Delhi-110003 Tel.: 24361670, 24361671, 24361572 Fax: 24361669 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ddws.nic.in FOREWORD The Government of India along with the States and Union Territories has been focussing on ensuring safe drinking water supply to the rural communities from 1972-73 onwards through various national rural drinking water supply programmes. Being a vast and diverse country, India is facing many challenges in ensuring reliable and safe drinking water on a sustainable basis. The Government of India—subscribing to the statement—‘It is difficult to manage what is not measured’, has been developing its Drinking Water Security Plan with an inventory of drinking water resources, systems, institutional arrangements, energy charges, sanitation aspects, etc., in an integrated participatory way under its pilot project National Drinking Water Security Pilot Project (NDWSPP). There is a need for a holistic and participatory planning approach, with clear guidance on institutional roles and responsibilities and financing to address issues on sustainability. Gram Panchayats and Village Water and Sanitation Committees need to prepare Drinking Water Security Plans which address source sustainability, water quality (both bacteriological and chemical), operation and maintenance issues, as well as provisions for replacement and expansion. This Toolkit has been prepared for use by support agencies, field level engineers, Gram Panchayat secretaries, Panchayat development officers, etc., who can facilitate the preparation of drinking water security plans using the necessary tools, techniques and templates to ensure that a systematic, step-by-step approach is adopted throughout the process. This document, Toolkit for the Preparation of a Drinking Water Security Plan, has been prepared in association with the Water and Sanitation Program with inputs from the user community, Gram Panchayats, State Nodal Officers and Support Organisations. We acknowledge the inputs provided by Nodal Officers, SupportO rganisations and Gram Panchayat functionaries. I wish to place on record our appreciation for associating with us and bringing out this Toolkit. New Delhi 6th February 2015 Vijaylaxmi Joshi ,d dne LoPNrk dh vksj / Sanitation is Next to Godliness 5 v TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN 6 vi TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN Acknowledgements This Toolkit for the Preparation of a Drinking Water Security Plan has been prepared by the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) and the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS), Government of India, as part of the technical assistance to the National Drinking Water Security Pilot Project of MDWS. The team that prepared this Toolkit comprised Mr. Mariappa Kullappa, Senior Water and Sanitation Specialist, Water and Sanitation Program, and Mr. Manohar S.P. (Consultant) with support and inputs from Dr. Manish Kumar, Senior Institutional Development Specialist, Dr. Suseel Samuel, Water and Sanitation Specialist, and Ms. Vandana Mehra, Communication Specialist. Officials from state, district and block levels of the participating states and representatives of Support Organisations engaged for the National Drinking Water Security Pilot Project provided critical inputs in addition to facilitating meetings and field visits to pilot blocks. State Nodal Officers from the participating states and concerned sector specialists provided comments on the draft Toolkit. Acknowledgments are due to: • Mrs. Sweta Banarjee, District Nodal Office, Maharashtra and Mr. Ravi Prakash, Team Leader, for providing inputs and facilitating interactions with field functionaries, Gram Panchayats and communities in their respective pilot blocks; • Gram Panchayat functionaries of Domak Gram Panchayat, Morshi block, Amravati district, Maharashtra, and of Hebbani Gram Panchayat, Mulbagal block, Kolar district, Karnataka for all the support extended during designing and field testing activities in their Gram Panchayats; and • Officials from state, district and block levels of the participating states and representatives of Support Organisations of the National Drinking Water Security Pilot Project for providing critical inputs as well as comments on the draft Toolkit. The guidance and support provided by Ms. Vijaylaxmi Joshi, Secretary; Mr. Satyabrata Sahu, Joint Secretary (Water); Mr. Sujoy Majumdar, Director; Mr. Dinesh Chand, Advisor; Ms. Sandhya Singh, Joint Director; and Mr. Sanmugasundaram (Consultant NRC) of MDWS, Government of India, are gratefully acknowledged. References used in the preparation of the Toolkit are included in the Bibliography. 7 vii TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN Table of Contents Foreword v Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations 10 Glossary of Terms 12 How to Use this Toolkit 15 Chapter 1 Water Security Planning 17 1.1 Background and Need 18 1.2 Water Security Planning 18 1.3 Framework for Drinking Water Security 19 1.4 Technical Support to GP/VWSC 19 1.5 About the Toolkit 19 Chapter 2 Project Phases 21 2.1 Project Phases 22 2.2 Input, Process and Output 24 2.3 Note to Facilitator 26 Chapter 3 Process Planning 27 3.1 Phase 1: Preparatory Phase (P) 28 3.1.1 Institutional Support (Activity Code P-1) 28 3.1.2 Compilation of Data (Activity Code P-2) 28 3.1.2.1 Baseline Data 30 3.1.2.2 Delineation of the Hydrological Unit 33 3.1.2.3 Groundwater Prospects Maps 34 3.1.2.4 Toposheet 35 3.2 Phase 2: Capacity Building, Survey and Planning (C) 35 3.2.1 GP MCM (Activity Code C-1) 37 3.2.2 Gram Sabha 1 (Activity Code C-2) 39 3.2.3 VWSC Formation/Strengthening (Activity Code 3) 41 3.2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal (Activity Code C-4) 42 3.2.4.1 Social Mapping (Activity Code C-4.1) 42 3.2.4.2 Water Resource Mapping (Activity Code C-4.2) 47 3.2.4.3 Timeline (Activity Code C-4.3) 49 3.2.4.4 Seasonality (Activity Code C-4.4) 51 3.2.4.5 Community-Led Total Sanitation (Activity Code C-4.5) 53 3.2.5 Water Transect—Walk from Source to Users (Activity Code C-5) 60 3.2.6 Establishment of Rain Gauge Station (Activity Code C-6) 64 3.2.7 WTQQ Monitoring (Activity Code C-7) 67 3.2.7.1 Groundwater Table 67 3.2.7.2 Discharge Measurement 69 3.2.7.3 Water Quality 69 3.2.8 Water Budget (Activity Code C-8) 70 3.2.8.1 Assessment of Water Availability 71 3.2.8.2 Assessment of Water Demand 73 3.2.9 Women’s Meeting (Activity Code C-9) 76 3.2.10 School Level Programme (Activity Code C-10) 77 8 TOOLKIT FOR THE PREPARATION OF A DRINKING WATER SECURITY PLAN 3.2.11 Cross Visit (Activity Code C-11) 78 3.2.12 VWSC Workshop-2 (Activity Code C-12) 80 3.2.13 Gram Sabha 2 (Activity Code C-13) 82 3.2.14 GP Workshop 2 (Activity Code C-14) 82 Chapter 4 Implementation and Monitoring Process 83 4.1 Implementation Stage 84 4.1.1 VWSC Meeting (Activity Code I-1) 85 4.1.2 Periodic Joint Review of Works (Activity Code I-2) 86 4.1.3 Operation and Maintenance (Activity Code I-3) 87 4.2 Monitoring 91 Bibliography 93 Annex: Template for Drinking Water Security Plan 97 List of Figures Figure 2.1: Phases of Drinking Water Security Planning 22 Figure 2.2: Phase 1: Preparatory Phase with Expected Outputs 22 Figure 2.3: Phase 2: Capacity Building, Survey and Drinking Water Security Plan 23 and Expected Outputs Figure 2.4: Phase 3: Implementation and Expected Outputs 23 Figure 2.5: Phase 4: Monitoring and Expected Outputs 23 Figure 3.1: Institutional Arrangements 29 Figure 3.2: An Example of the Delineation of a Hydrological Unit 34 Figure 3.3: Sample Groundwater Prospects Map Showing Watershed Boundaries and 34 Watershed-wise Groundwater Prospects Figure 3.4: Phase 2: Outputs 35 Figure 3.5: A Sample Social Map on Cloth 45 List of Tables Table 2.1: Phase-wise Inputs, Processes and Expected Outputs 24 Table 3.1: Baseline Data of Gram Panchayat 30 Table 3.2: Phase 2: Activities and Expected Outputs 36 Table 3.3: Stakeholder Details—Format 37 Table 3.4: Meeting Report Format 40 Table 3.5: Survey Format: Social Mapping 46 Table 3.6: Survey Format for Water Resource Mapping 48 Table 3.7: Example of Seasonal Calendar 52 Table 3.8: Basics: Key Attitudes and Behaviours 56 Table 3.9: CLTS: Monitoring and Reporting Formats 58 Table 3.10: Checklist to Identify Water Security, Water Supply System and O&M Issues 61 Table 3.11: Format for Water Supply System Issues, Challenges and Possible Solutions 63 Table 3.12: Rainfall Data Log 66 Table 3.13: Format for Computing Irrigation Water Demand 74 Table 3.14: Consolidation of Information for a DWSP 81 Table 4.1: Roles and Responsibilities of Agencies Involved 84 Table 4.2: Activities within the DWSP 85 Table 4.3: Checklist for FGD 88 Table 4.4: Water Tariff Calculation 89 Table 4.5: Suggested Monitoring and Evaluation Framework 92 List
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