DOCSLIB.ORG

Central Mongolia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Central Mongolia © Lonely Planet Publications 101 Central Mongolia Roll out of Ulaanbaatar in a Russian jeep and you’ll only need to put a hill or two between yourself and the city before the vast steppes of cental Mongolia begin to unfold before your eyes. Verdant swaths of empty landscapes are sprinkled with tiny gers stretching to CENTRAL MONGOLIA the horizon while magical light plays through clouds and across the valleys. But central Mongolia offers more than steppes. Landscapes are broken by the forested hillsides of the Khan Khentii range, meandering rivers such as the Tuul and lunar-like lava fields spilling across central Arkhangai. The silhouette of a lone horseman on a hill or camels caravanning in the distance completes every perfect day. The rivers and back trails of Gorkhi-Terelj National Park beckon the outdoor enthusiast. At Khustain National Park you can break out the binoculars and spot the reintroduced takhi horse. Alternatively, set out from Ulaanbaatar on foot, climb the holy Bogdkhan Uul to the south of the city, and camp out by Mandshir Khiid. Travelling by horse is another great way to get around the region. Travellers with more time on their hands can spend weeks exploring the ancient sites and remote areas of the mighty Khangai and its surrounding plains. Central Mongolia’s aimags (provinces), Töv, Arkhangai and Övörkhangai, are the most vis- ited areas in the countryside. The roads and transport are far better here than in the rest of Mongolia, and there is plenty to see, including ancient monasteries, gorgeous lakes and many national parks. The people, mostly comprising the Khalkh majority, are accustomed to foreign- ers, and you can expect somewhat better services than in other parts of the country. HIGHLIGHTS Saddle up and go on a horse trek to the beautiful but remote Naiman Nuur Nature Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur Gorkhi-Terelj Reserve ( p119 ) National Park Pedal your way over the hills and through Tövkhön Khiid Khustain the valleys of Gorkhi-Terelj National Park National Park ( p104 ) on a mountain bike and cap the Naiman Nuur experience with a night at a ger camp Nature Reserve Focus your camera lens on the magnificent takhi (wild horse) at Khustain National Park ( p115 ), where the wild horse roams free once again Hike into the forests to the splendid Tövkhön Khiid ( p124 ), the site of religious leader and artist Zanabazar’s workshop and meditation centre Camp by the striking Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur ( p130 ), a volcanic lake offering great fishing and lovely sunsets POPULATION: 289,100 AREA : 199,000 SQ KM 102 CENTRAL MONGOLIA lonelyplanet.com CENTRAL MONGOLIA Dulann Khaan Zuun Solongotyn Rashaant Uul Nuur Khövsgöl (2059m) Davaa Bayan Agt Zavkhan Shine-Ider Uran Uul Gol (1631m) Ider Togoo Uul Tsetserleg Soum l Tosontsengel o (1923m) Galt G i u an Ikh-Uul Kh Jargalant Saikhan Khairkhan Erdenemandal Tarvagatai Choidogiin Uul National Borgio Park Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur Khorgo National Park Uul Chuluut Arkhangai Mogod Tariat Gorge Khutuin Gol Tsakhir Terkhiin Öndör Khoid Terkhiin Gol Tsagaan Ulaan Ölziit Mogod Nuur Uul (2139m) Khangai Noyon Khangai gene Gol Khanui Gol Ögii National Park Tamir Gol Battsengel Gich Nuur Khoid Tamir Gol Taikhar Ikh Tamir Chuluu Ögii Chuluut Nuur Kultegin CENTRAL MONGOLIA Monument Tsetserleg Tsenkher Khar O Balgas rkhon Gol Khashaat Gurvanbulag Khotont Bulgan Tsenkheriin Khangai Khaluun Us Erdene Kharkhorin Zuu Jargalant Nuruu Khiid National Park Shankh Chandiman Zurkh Tövkhön Khiid Zag Gol Bayanbulag Uul (3486m) hon Tunkhel Ork Orkhon Khujirt Khürkhree Bat-Ölzii Baidrag Gol Galuut Khuisiin Myangan NaimanNuur Khüreemaral Ugalzat Uul Nature Reserve Olziit Gol (3483m) Naiman Nuur Züünbayan-Ulaan (Eight Lakes) Uyanga Bayan-Ovoo Buutsagaan Erdenetsogt Bömbögör Arvaikheer Bayankhongor O n g i in G o Nariinteel l Khairkhandulaan Bayankhongor Khuren Öndör Uul Böön Gov- (2725m) Tsagaan Altai Nuur Baatsagaan Tögrög Guchin-Us Zon Uul (3452m) Jinst Baruunbayan Ulaan Bayantsagaan Orog Nuur Baga Terguun Bogd Ikh Bogd Uul Bayan-Öndör Uul (3957m) (3598m) Bayangovi Shinejist Amarbuyant Bayanlig Bogd Khovd Khiid Gurvan Saikhan Natural Park Nemegt Uul Gobi Desert (2769m) Altan Uul Khongoryn (2273m) Els.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State Emergency Commission 2016
    January 4, State Emergency Commission 2016 EMERGENCY ASSESSMENT TEAM REPORT ON THE MISSION FOR EVALUATION OF THE WINTER CONDITIONS AND RISK ASSESSMENT Regarding the direction given by the Prime Minister of Mongolia, Emergency Assessment Teams to examine the winter conditions, conduct disaster risk assessments in 21 aimags and solve some urgent issues on the site, established under the Order of the Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia and Chairperson of the State Emergency Commission, had a mission from 16 December to 28 December 2015 in 21 aimags. The first team headed by Colonel M.Enkh-Amar, a Secretary of the State Emergency Commission, worked in Uvurkhangai, Bayakhongor, Gobi-Altai, Khovd, Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, Zavkhan, Arkhangai, Khuvsgul, Bulgan, Orkhon, Selenge and Darkhan-Uul aimags. The second team headed by Colonel Ts.Ganzorig, a Deputy Chief of NEMA, worked in Khentii, Dornod, Sukhbaatar, Dornogobi, Umnugobi, Dundgobi, Gobisumber and Tuv aimags. In total, the both teams visited 91 soums of 21 aimags. The teams included the officials and experts from the line ministries and agencies such as State Emergency Commission, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Ministry of Health and Sports, Ministry of Road and Transport, National Emergency Management Agency, General Police Department, Specialised Inspection Authotiry, Hydro-Meteorological and Environmental Research Centre, and Disaster Research Institute. During the mission, the meetings of the aimag emergency commissions were convened, the situation in the soums with deteriorating winter conditions was examined in the field, herding households were visited, assessment and conclusions were made on the operations of the local branches of the state reserves, thermotransmission lines, the preparedness of power stations and the outreach of herders on remote pasture lands by public and health services, examination of the work for clearing blocked roads and mountain passes was carried out, some issues were solved and necessary assignments and directions were given.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report on the Study of Value Chains for Live Animals/Meat and Hides/Skins in Mongolia
    Final report on the study of value chains for live animals/meat and hides/skins in Mongolia Final Report as at 31 July 2015 A d d r e s s GFA Consulting Group GmbH Eulenkrugstraße 82 22359 Hamburg Germany Telefon +49 (40) 6 03 06 – 166 Fax +49 (40) 6 03 06 – 169 E-Mail [email protected] Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................. 1 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ...................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 4 ONE. RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE VALUE CHAIN STUDY ............................................................. 5 1.1. Objective of the study .......................................................................................................... 5 1.2. Methods of the study ........................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Study objects of the supply study ........................................................................................ 6 1.4. Study objects of the demand study ..................................................................................... 7 TWO. STUDY ON THE VALUE CHAIN OF LIVE ANIMALS AND MEAT ................................................ 8 2.1. Executive summary .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia
    Universität Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2010 http://info.ub.uni-potsdam.de/verlag.htm Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 4623 / Fax: 3474 E-Mail: [email protected] Das Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2010 Online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam URL http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/volltexte/2010/4176/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 Zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag Potsdam ISBN 978-3-86956-053-3 Abstract Fiscal federalism has been an important topic among public finance theorists in the last four decades. There is a series of arguments that decentralization of governments enhances growth by improving allocation efficiency. However, the empirical studies have shown mixed results for industrialized and developing countries and some of them have demonstrated that there might be a threshold level of economic development below which decentralization is not effective. Developing and transition countries have developed a variety of forms of fiscal decentralization as a possible strategy to achieve effective and efficient governmental structures. A generalized principle of decentralization due to the country specific circumstances does not exist. Therefore, decentra- lization has taken place in different forms in various countries at different times, and even exactly the same extent of decentralization may have had different impacts under different conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • MONGOLIA Linking the Improvement in Nomadic Herding Practices To
    MONGOLIA Cachemire 4 © Pearly Jacob Linking the improvement in nomadic herding practices to sustainable cashmere production in the Gobi Desert Pearly Jacob Fighting against pasture degradation in the Gobi Desert by proposing to develop a sustainable and environmentally-friendly sector for cashmere in which it is produced. CONTEXTE ET OBJECTIFS 01/01/2015 31/12/2019 Bayankhongor Province is located in south-west Mongolia, the Project start Project end Great Lakes region, in the far north of the Gobi Desert. It is date date characterized by a semi-arid territory mainly covered by a desert steppe with sparse vegetation, and by the presence of 03/12/2014 lakes and rivers, which can dry up certain years when there is Project grant a low level of rainfall. The area has a continental climate and date experiences extreme temperatures (in both winter and Mongolie summer). Average annual rainfall stands at 100 mm. Location The project comes in addition to the “Sustainable Cashmere” Land degradation and project financed by the European Union on the baghs of Jinst er chemical pollutants Bogd and implemented by AVSF from 2014 to 2016, by adding sector(s) 3 soums: Shinejinst, Bombogor and Baatsagaan. subvention Financing Tool(s) 3 598 797 EUR DESCRIPTION Amount of the program Including FFEM funding The project area covers 5 soums (Mongolian territorial unit equivalent to a French department), especially selected for 1 200 000 EUR their complementarity in terms of agroecological areas and Amount of FFEM funding issues related to raising cashmere goats: 4 ans - Bombogor: 3,044 km² - 2,584 inhabitants Duration of funding - Baatsagaan: 5,395 km² - 3,599 inhabitants - Jinst: 5,313 km² - 2,023 inhabitants AVSF - Bogd: 3,993 km² - 2,900 inhabitants Beneficiaries - Shinejinst: 16,501 km² - 2,187 inhabitants Cofinanceur(s) The total surface area of the zone stands at 34,246 km², i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change
    This “Mongolia Second Assessment Report on Climate Change 2014” (MARCC 2014) has been developed and published by the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia with financial support from the GIZ programme “Biodiversity and adaptation of key forest ecosystems to climate change”, which is being implemented in Mongolia on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Copyright © 2014, Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia Editors-in-chief: Damdin Dagvadorj Zamba Batjargal Luvsan Natsagdorj Disclaimers This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or non-profit services without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Ministry of Environment and Green Development of Mongolia. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures . 3 List of Tables . .. 12 Abbreviations . 14 Units . 17 Foreword . 19 Preface . 22 1. Introduction. Batjargal Z. 27 1.1 Background information about the country . 33 1.2 Introductory information on the second assessment report-MARCC 2014 . 31 2. Climate change: observed changes and future projection . 37 2.1 Global climate change and its regional and local implications. Batjargal Z. 39 2.1.1 Observed global climate change as estimated within IPCC AR5 . 40 2.1.2 Temporary slowing down of the warming . 43 2.1.3 Driving factors of the global climate change .
    [Show full text]
  • Mongolia Country Report 2018
    Toxic Site Identification Program in Mongolia Award: DCI-ENV/2015/371157 Prepared by: Erdenesaikhan Naidansuren Prepared for: UNIDO Date: October 2018 Pure Earth 475 Riverside Drive, Suite 860 New York, NY, USA +1 212 647 8330 www.pureearth.org Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................. 3 Organizational Background .................................................................................................... 3 Toxic Site Identification Program (TSIP) ............................................................................... 3 Project Background ................................................................................................................. 5 Country Background ............................................................................................................... 5 Implimentation Strategy .......................................................................................................... 6 Coordinating with the Government ........................................................................................ 6 Sharing TSIP Information ....................................................................................................... 7 Current Work .......................................................................................................................... 8 TSIP Training in Mongolia ....................................................................................................... 9 Sites
    [Show full text]
  • Ìîíãîë Íóòàã Äàõü Ò¯¯Õ, Ñî¨Ëûí ¯Ë Õªäëªõ Äóðñãàë
    ÀÐÕÀÍÃÀÉ ÀÉÌÃÈÉÍ ÍÓÒÀà ÄÀÕÜ Ò¯¯Õ, ÑΨËÛÍ ¯Ë ÕªÄËªÕ ÄÓÐÑÃÀË ISBN 978-99962-67-33-8 ÑΨËÛÍ ªÂÈÉÍ ÒªÂ ÌÎÍÃÎË ÍÓÒÀà ÄÀÕÜ Ò¯¯Õ, ÑΨËÛÍ ¯Ë ÕªÄËªÕ ÄÓÐÑÃÀË HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL IMMOVABLE MONUMENTS IN MONGOLIA X ÄÝÂÒÝÐ ÀÐÕÀÍÃÀÉ ÀÉÌÀà 1 ÀÐÕÀÍÃÀÉ ÀÉÌÃÈÉÍ ÍÓÒÀà ÄÀÕÜ Ò¯¯Õ, ÑΨËÛÍ ¯Ë ÕªÄËªÕ ÄÓÐÑÃÀË ÌÎíãÎë íóòàã äàõü ò¯¯õ, ñΨëûí ¯ë õªäëªõ äóðñãàë X äýâòýð ÀðõÀíãÀé ÀéìÀã 1 DDC 900 Ý-66 Зохиогч: Г.Энхбат Г.аНХСАНАА б.ДаваацЭрЭн Гэрэл зургийг: б.ДаваацЭрЭн П.Чинбат Гар зургийг: а.мӨнГӨНЦООЖ т.эРДЭнЭцОГт Г.аНХСАНАА Дизайнер: б.аЛТАНСҮх Орчуулагч: ц.цОЛмОн Жолооч: б.ЭрДЭнЭЧИМЭГ Зохиогчийн эрх хамгаалагдсан. © 2013, Copyrigth © 2013 by the Center of Cultural Соёлын өвийн төв, Улаанбаатар, монгол улс Heritage, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Энэхүү цомгийг Соёлын өвийн төвийн зөвшөөрөлгүйгээр бүтнээр нь буюу хэсэгчлэн хувилан олшруулахыг хориглоно. монгол улс Улаанбаатар хот - 211238 Сүхбаатар дүүрэг Сүхбаатарын талбай 3 Соёлын төв өргөө б хэсэг Соёлын өвийн төв Шуудангийн хайрцаг 223 веб сайт: www.monheritage.mn и-мэйл: [email protected] Утас: 976-70110877 ISBN 978-99962-67-33-8 Соёл, Спорт, аялал Соёлын өвийн төв архангай аймгийн жуулчлалын яам музей 2 ÃÀÐ×Èà Өмнөх үг 4 Удиртгал 5 архангай аймгийн нутаг дахь түүх, соёлын үл хөдлөх дурсгалын тухай 18 архангай аймгийн нутаг дахь түүх, соёлын үл хөдлөх дурсгалын байршил 36 батцэнгэл сум 37 булган сум 46 Жаргалант 50 их тамир сум 55 Өгийнуур сум 61 Өлзийт сум 64 Өндөр-Улаан сум 68 тариат сум 73 төвширүүлэх сум 76 хангай сум 78 хайрхан сум 81 хашаат сум 85 хотонт сум 88 цахир сум 91 цэнхэр сум 94 цэцэрлэг сум 97 Чулуут 100 Эрдэнэмандал 103 Эрдэнэбулган 111 архангай аймгийн нутаг дахь түүх, соёлын үл хөдлөх дурсгалын жагсаалт 114 товчилсон үгийн тайлал 116 ашигласан ном бүтээлийн жагсаалт 117 ªÌÍªÕ ¯Ã СаЖЯ-ны харьяа Соёлын өвийн төв монгол нутагт оршин буй түүх, соёлын үл хөдлөх дурсгалыг анхан Сшатны байдлаар бүртгэн баримтжуулах, тоолох, хадгалалт хамгаалалт, ашиглалтын байдалд судалгаа хийх ажлыг 2008-2015 онд гүйцэтгэхээр төлөвлөн хэрэгжүүлж эхлээд байгаа билээ.
    [Show full text]
  • Defacto Defacto Defacto
    DeFacto REVIEW DeFacto ARTICLE DeFacto INTERVIEW Jargalsaikhan Dambadarjaa, Peter C. Akerley PUBLIC DEMONSTRATIONS Mongolian political and President, Chief Executive Officer and Director DEMANDING economic observer, columnist RESIGNATION OF SPEAKER THE GREATEST VALUE TO OUR CARROT AND STICK POLICY: CHAOS AROUND MARKET CAPITALIZATION FROM SALKHIT DEPOSIT THE MONGOLIAN LISTING IS A STRENGTHENING OF OUR SHAREHOLDER BASE WITH TAVAN TOLGOI FUEL INVESTORS BEING ABLE TO LOOK AT POWER PLANT US AS INVOLVING THE MONGOLIAN SOCIETY IN OUR COMPANY X PAGE II PAGE VI PAGE WEEKLY INFORMING | INSPIRING | EMPOWERING A WEEKLY INDEPENDENT, NONPARTISAN, ANALYTICAL NEWSPAPER COVERING THE POLITICS Friday, 2019.01.11 №78 AND ECONOMICS OF MONGOLIA-IN ENGLISH, JAPANESE, RUSSIAN AND MONGOLIAN www.defacto.mn DeFacto ARTICLE № 463 JARGALSAIKHAN Dambadarjaa For weekly articles, visit http://jargaldefacto.com/category/23 CARROT AND STICK POLICY: FUEL enn State University professor Randall Bakiyev and his family replaced the U.S. military Newnham talked about how Russia turned base with a Russian one and got wealthy by Pits energy resources into a leverage used supplying Russian fuel as well. for its foreign policy in his paper published in 2011. When public governance is poor and corrupt and He used specific examples to describe how Russia if your fuel supply is dependent on a single nation, it has utilized its energy resources in their carrot and is inevitable for any country to experience political stick policy to reward friends and punish enemies. instability and existential challenges depending on Newnham used facts and evidence to show Russia actions of the fuel supplier. supplied Armenia, Belarus, and Ukraine (during the time of President Kuchma, who was pro-Russia) Until 2010, Mongolia used to purchase fuel at the with specifically low-priced energy resources, price set by Rosneft.
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis Local Understanding of Hydro-Climate Changes
    THESIS LOCAL UNDERSTANDING OF HYDRO-CLIMATE CHANGES IN MONGOLIA Submitted by Tumenjargal Sukh Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Fall 2012 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Steven Fassnacht Melinda Laituri Maria Fernandez-Gimenez Greg Butters Copyright by Tumenjargal Sukh 2012 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT LOCAL UNDERSTANDING OF HYDRO-CLIMATE CHANGES IN MONGOLIA Air temperatures have increased more in semi-arid regions than in many other parts of the world. Mongolia has an arid/semi-arid climate where much of the population is dependent upon the limited water resources, especially herders. This paper combines herder observations of changes in water availability in streams and from groundwater with an analysis of climatic and hydrologic change from station data to illustrate the degree of change of Mongolian water resources. We find that herders’ local knowledge of hydro-climatic changes is similar to the station based analysis. However, station data are spatially limited, so local knowledge can provide finer scale information on climate and hydrology. We focus on two regions in central Mongolia: the Jinst soum in Bayankhongor aimag in the desert steppe region and the Ikh-Tamir soum in Arkhangai aimag in the mountain steppe. As the temperatures have increased significantly (more in Ikh-Tamir than Jinst), precipitation amounts have decreased in Ikh-Tamir which corresponds to a decrease in streamflow, in particular, the average annual streamflow and the annual peak discharge. At Erdenemandal (Ikh-Tamir) the number of days with precipitation has decreased while at Horiult (Jinst) it has increased.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annual Report 2016Of Mongolia
    MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY THE ANNUAL REPORT 2016OF MONGOLIA GEOLOGY MINING PETROLEUM HEAVY INDUSTRY 1 MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY MINERALOF MONGOLIA RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA Builders square-3, Government building XII Chingeltei district, Ulaanbaatar-15171, Mongolia. Tel: +(976-51) 263701 Fax: +(976-51) 263701 web: www.mrpam.gov.mn email: [email protected] Published in 2017 ABBREVIATIONS MRPAM Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia AMEP Australia Mongolia Extractives Programme LOM Law on Minerals GIP Gross Industiral Products PSAs Production Sharing Agreements LP Law on Petroleum GMGPW Geological mapping and general prospecting work FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Products GOM Government of Mongolia GAP Government Action Programme IMF International Monetary Fund SGP State Geological map PM Parliament of Mongolia MMHI Ministry of Mining and Heavy Industry OSH Occupational Safety and Health LI Law on Investment MRITC Mineral Resources Information and Technological Center Designed by The Mongolian Mining Journal NGM-200 National geology mapping GMGSW Geological map and general survey work 2 MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA FOREWORD The Government Resolution No.4 of July 27, 2016 issued following the Resolution No.12 of 2016 of the Parliament of Mongolia has established The Mineral Resources and Petroleum Authority of Mongolia (MRPAM), Government Implementing Agency, with a new structure by merging the B.BAATARTSOGT, DIRECTOR OF former Mineral Resources Authority and The Petroleum MINERAL RESOURCES AND PETROLEUM Authority. AUTHORITY OF MONGOLIA The MRPAM provides support to development of state policy on geology, mining and petroleum, to deliver effective and efficient services to investors and increase competitiveness of the sector and its contribution to overall economic development of Mongolia by implementing state policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in Mongolia Lkhagvadorj, Ariunaa Potsdam University February 2010 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28758/ MPRA Paper No. 28758, posted 17 Feb 2011 10:50 UTC Universität Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Ariunaa Lkhagvadorj Fiscal federalism and decentralization in Mongolia Universitätsverlag Potsdam Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Universitätsverlag Potsdam 2010 http://info.ub.uni-potsdam.de/verlag.htm Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam Tel.: +49 (0)331 977 4623 / Fax: 3474 E-Mail: [email protected] Das Manuskript ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Zugl.: Potsdam, Univ., Diss., 2010 Online veröffentlicht auf dem Publikationsserver der Universität Potsdam URL http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/volltexte/2010/4176/ URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 http://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-41768 Zugleich gedruckt erschienen im Universitätsverlag Potsdam ISBN 978-3-86956-053-3 Abstract Fiscal federalism has been an important topic among public finance theorists in the last four decades. There is a series of arguments that decentralization of governments enhances growth by improving allocation efficiency. However, the empirical studies have shown mixed results for industrialized and developing countries and some of them have demonstrated that there might be a threshold level of economic development below which decentralization is not effective. Developing and transition countries have developed a variety of forms of fiscal decentralization as a possible strategy to achieve effective and efficient governmental structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining the Impact of Grazing Pressure and Severe Winter
    EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF GRAZING PRESSURE AND SEVERE WINTER DISASTERS ON LIVESTOCK POPULATION DYNAMICS IN MONGOLIAN RANGELAND A Thesis by WEIQIAN GAO Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Chair of Committee, Richard Conner Co-Chair of Committee, Jay Angerer Committee Member, William Grant Head of Department, Kathleen Kavanagh December 2016 Major Subject: Ecosystem Science and Management Copyright 2016 Weiqian Gao ABSTRACT Rangelands in Mongolia provide biomass for livestock grazing and support the environment that pastoralists have depended on for thousands of years. The quantity and quality of livestock and pasture are critically important to the pastoralists and entire country. Dzud is Mongolian term of severe winter disasters, which can be characterized by heavy snowfall, extreme low temperatures and lack of access to forage and water. The overall research aim is to study the influence of grazing pressure and severe winter disasters on livestock population dynamics on rangeland in Mongolia. The primary objectives were to evaluate Mongolian rangeland grazing pressure and analyze its relationship with livestock losses both spatially and temporally, especially during the dzud periods; in addition, simulation modeling was used to examine thresholds of forage use, extreme low temperature and snowfall conditions on livestock population dynamics. During the period from 2000 to 2014, the number of hectares delineated as overgrazed was highest in 2014, and was lowest in 2003. Large areas of overgrazing were identified in the central and southern portions of the country. Land areas that were consistently overgrazed (> 10 years) totaled 8.6% of the total land area in Mongolia.
    [Show full text]