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VIRGINIA STANDARDS OF LEARNING ASSESSMENTS

Spring 2001 Released Test

GRADE 8 SCIENCE SESSION: 19 PAGE: 2 11/14/101 8:38 LOGIN IS-pam PATH: @sun1/xydisk2/CLS_psycorp/GRP_virginia/JOB_537591g3/DIV_g3mathtest

Property of the Virginia Department of Education

᭧ 2001 by the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education, James Monroe Building, 101 N. 14th Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219. All rights reserved. Except as permitted by law, this material may not be reproduced or used in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Commonwealth of Virginia public school educators may photocopy or print any portion of these Released Tests for educational purposes without requesting permission. All others should direct their requests to the Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education at (804) 225-2102, Division of Assessment and Reporting. SESSION: 18 PAGE: 3 11/7/101 10:41 LOGIN IS-pam PATH: @sun1/xydisk2/CLS_psycorp/GRP_virginia/JOB_537591g8/DIV_g8scitest Science

DIRECTIONS 1 Distances Javelin Travels Read each question carefully and choose the best When Thrown With Same Force answer. Then mark the space in the answer Y801C401 booklet for the answer you have chosen. ੭ C

SAMPLE ArtCodes Y801C401.AR1 S601B103 ੬ Height C 75° 60° 45°

ArtCodes 30°

S601B103.AR1 15° These animals are grouped together because all of them — Distance

੭ A live in the water According to the graph, which angle of B are fish release would cause the javelin to go C are warm-blooded the farthest? D lay eggs A 75Њ B 60Њ C 45Њ ੭ D 30Њ

2 Which type of characteristics can be inherited?

F Those controlled by genes ੭ ੭L713B402 G Those caused by accidents C H Those produced by exercise J Those produced by diet

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3 Period 5 An experiment was set up to measure the distance a snail would travel in 5 Group minutes. Which of these rulers should Y804A413੬ 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18 be used to give the most precise ੭S601D301 1 2 measurement? C 1 H He C L 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ArtCodes 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne Y804A413.AR1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 012 3 4 5 A 3 Na Mg 3 11 12 Al Si P S Cl Ar 19 20 21 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 cm K Ca Sc Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr ArtCodes 37 38 39 4 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 S601D301.AR1 5 S601D301.AR2 Rb Sr Y Z Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe S601D301.AR3 55 56 * 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 012 3 4 5 S601D301.AR4 6 Cs Ba Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn B ੭ 87 88 cm 7 Fr Ra halogens noble gases alkaline earth metals 012 alkali metals C inches Which element is an alkali metal?

A K ੭ 012 B Mg D C Al inches D Ag

6 The ermine is a small animal that lives 4 Which of these can be separated by along riverbanks and in forests. using a magnet? During the spring and summer, it grows a brown coat. It sheds the ੭L709B402 S606A303 F A mixture of sand and salt brown coat during the autumn and ੬ C G Rust formed from iron and oxygen C grows a white one. This change of L H A compound of hydrogen and sulfur color in the ermine’s coat allows it J A mixture of sand and bits of iron ੭ to —

F hide from predators ੭ G attract a mate H locate a water supply J find food more easily

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7 Solar cells are used to turn sunlight 9 Marten Bear into —

S604A302੬ A inertia ੭L711B401 B force C Praying C Owl Frog L C magnetism Mantis D electricity ੭ ArtCodes L711B401.AR1

Shrew Mouse Grasshopper

8 Cell wall Plants Chloroplasts Cell membrane

L702A302 Which of these populations is most ੬ likely to increase if the number of C grasshoppers decreases? L ArtCodes A Plant ੭ L702A302.AR1 Nucleus Vacuole B Frog Cytoplasm C Praying mantis D Owl In this plant cell, which cellular structure is responsible for storing food, water, and wastes?

F Cytoplasm G Vacuole ੭ H Nucleus J Cell membrane

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10 The Earth makes a complete rotation 12 A wheelbarrow full of concrete mix once every 24 hours. Which of these that needs to be moved onto a platform would best illustrate rotation? could be moved either by lifting it S610D301੬ above the ground and setting it onto ੭Y810B301 the platform or by using an inclined C C plane. The advantage of using the L inclined plane is that the work can be done —

ArtCodes

19891989 Y

Y F more quickly S610D301.AR1 T T

R R

E

S610D301.AR2 E B B I I L

S610D301.AR3 L G with less friction S610D301.AR4 H using less force ੭ Coin Spinning Puck Sliding on Ice J using more energy FH੭

13 mass Density = volume Mass = 12 g ੭Y801A406 Marble Going Around the Edge of a Plate Ball Falling C

GJ ArtCodes 4 cm Y801A406.AR1

11 When animals hibernate, their heart 2 cm 3 cm rate and respiration decrease and they lose consciousness. Why do some L711A303੬ animals hibernate? The density of this box is — C 3 ੭ A To increase their body fat during cold A 0.5 g/cm L periods B 1.0 g/cm3 B To conserve energy usage during the C 1.5 g/cm3 ੭ 3 winter D 2.0 g/cm C To give their fur time to grow longer and thicker D To rest after a summer of high activity

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14 Which of the following organisms 17 10 cm break down dead material and return the substances to the environment? S609A403੬ ੭S601E401 F Grasshopper and worm C C G Grass and algae H Bacteria and fungi ੭ ArtCodes S601E401.AR1 J Snake and grasshopper In the scale model above, one centimeter is equal to one-half of a meter. The mailbox is 2 truck lengths away from the model truck. How far away is the mailbox from the truck on the real street? 15 Which property is required of a liquid in order for it to be a good fuel? A 5 meters B 10 meters ੭ Y802E303 A Its acidity ੬ C 15 meters B Its combustibility ੭ C D 20 meters L C Its density D Its boiling point

18 Wherever civilizations have flourished, forests have been destroyed. Hundreds 16 of years ago in England, rivers and 5 6 7 seaports began to fill with silt after the੭L712B301 B C N forests were destroyed. What caused C Y804A101 Boron Carbon Nitrogen the silt to fill the seaports? ੬ 10.811 12.011 14.007 L C F Eutrophication 13 14 15 ArtCodes Al Si P G Succession Y804A101.AR1 Aluminum Silicon Phosphorous H Erosion ੭ 26.982 28.086 30.974 J Irrigation

KEY 17 Atomic Number Cl Symbol Chlorine Name 35.453 Average Atomic Mass

Which of these elements has the greatest average atomic mass?

F B G C H N J Al ੭

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19 Which of the following does not use 21 Gases are much more compressible metric units to measure the density of than liquids. According to the particle a solution? model of matter, gases are more easily S601I402੬ compressed into smaller volumes ੭Y802A302 A 10.5 grams/milliliter because the particles in gases are — C C ੭ B 1.56 pounds/fluid ounce L A smaller C 1050 kilograms/cubic meter B more active D 1.05 grams/cubic centimeter C farther apart ੭ D filled with air

20

22 Nail S601E302 ੬ Baby Blue Whale C Y811B401 L ੭ ArtCodes C S601E302.AR1

2 m Man ArtCodes Y811B401.AR1 Battery

According to the scale shown above, what is the approximate length of the baby blue whale?

F 2 meters The picture shows how to make an G 4 meters ੭ electromagnet. Which of these would H 6 meters make the electromagnet strongest? J 10 meters F Using a longer wire from the battery to the nail G Wrapping the wire around the nail more times ੭ H Wrapping the wire around a nonmetallic object J Making the loops of wire less tightly coiled

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23 25 Sea Lions True Seals external ears no external ears L710C401 L705A407 ੬ hind flippers can hind flippers do not ੭ C turn forward turn forward C

ArtCodes swim with front swim with hind L710C401.AR1 flippers flippers

soles of flippers flippers fully furred bare

Which of these best enables this animal According to this chart, which of these to rid its body of excess heat in a hot animals is a sea lion? desert environment?

A Its large ears ੭ B Its flexible feet A C Its sandy color ArtCodes D Its fur L705A407.AR1 L705A407.AR2 L705A407.AR3 L705A407.AR4

B 24 What type of animals live in a wetland?

Which type of report would probably provide the most accurate answer to the S602A402 above question? ੬ C ੭ C F “Water Quality in Wetlands,” published by the United States Geological Survey G “Endangered Species in Our Wetlands,” by a reporter for the Daily Globe Newspaper H “Birds of Wetlands” in Science, the journal for the American Association for D the Advancement of Science J “Organisms in Wetlands,” a report on the internet by the Chesapeake Bay Foundation ੭

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26 28 Air Organism Environment Raw Materials Products A bacteria darkness light energy, sugar Y809A401 soil S608A405 ੬ 1 ੭ C B plant darkness oxygen, carbon C Water glucose dioxide,

ArtCodes water Y809A401.AR1 Air C plant light carbon dioxide, sugar, water oxygen 2 D plant light amino acids, proteins oxygen Water According to the chart, which set of Air conditions represents the process of photosynthesis?

3 F A Water G B H C ੭ Air J D

4 Water 29 Compounds are made up of more than Which diagram shows the refraction of one element. Which of the following light as it enters water from the air? represents a compound? ੭Y802B202 A H2 F 1 C B ੭ G 2 ੭ NH3 C H 3 O3 D J 4 N2

27 Asexual reproduction involves only one parent. The offspring of this type of reproduction have — S608B401੬ A DNA identical to the DNA of the C parent ੭ B DNA that is different from the parent C one-half of the DNA of the parent D DNA that is incomplete

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30 Changes in DNA are known as 31 Carbon Dioxide Levels mutations and can sometimes produce in a Pond beneficial changes in populations. A 20 L714C303੬ mutant form of the normally ੭L701I302 light-colored peppered moth is dark C C L colored. The dark-colored moth blends L in with soot-covered trees in heavily ArtCodes polluted areas. Why would the L701I302.AR1 dark-colored mutation be beneficial in a polluted area?

F Dark-colored moths have a longer life span than light-colored moths. 10 G Dark-colored moths can’t be seen well by predators. ੭ H Dark-colored moths taste bad to most of their predators. J Dark-colored moths produce more young than do light-colored moths. Parts per Million of Carbon Dioxide

6810NOON 24 A.M. P.M. Time

The graph shows the relationship between the time of day and the amount of carbon dioxide in a certain pond. Which of these best describes the relationship?

A During the morning hours, there is less carbon dioxide released by fish. B During the morning hours, there is less carbon dioxide found in the pond. C There is more carbon dioxide released by animals later in the day. D There is more carbon dioxide used up by algae later in the day. ੭

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32 A student wishes to test the hypothesis 35 A direct electrical current is different that adding antifreeze to water lowers from an alternating current because the freezing point of the water. What only the direct electrical current — S601F409੬ would be the dependent (responding) ੭S604C301 variable? A produces a high voltage C C B flows without resistance L F Amount of water put into a container C allows the flow of electrons in one G Amount of antifreeze added to the water direction ੭ H Temperature at which the D can be converted to other forms of water/antifreeze mixture freezes ੭ energy J Type of thermometer used to measure the freezing point

36 A battery is placed inside a flashlight and then the flashlight is turned on. 33 The chemical energy of the battery is Algae → Frog → Snake → Hawk changed into all of the following forms ੭S603C404 of energy except — The relationship between the algae and C L709A404੬ the frog may be described as — F electrical energy C G heat energy A consumer → producer H light energy B consumer → decomposer J mechanical energy ੭ C producer → consumer ੭ D producer → decomposer

34 B

S605A404 ੬ + + C C A ArtCodes S605A404.AR1 D

In this atomic model, point A represents —

F a proton G a nucleus H a neutron ੭ J an electron

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37 Which model best shows the 38 Which of these would be different for relationship between the Earth, the an object if measured on the Earth and moon, and the sun? on the moon? S610A301੬ ੭S610C104 F Mass C C ੭ L G Weight H Volume Earth J Density ArtCodes A S610A301.AR1 Sun S610A301.AR2 Moon S610A301.AR3 S610A301.AR4

39 Which of the following materials is composed of only one kind of atom?

A Water ੭S606C404 B Helium ੭ C Moon C Air B Sun D Sugar Earth

40 A solution may be prepared by dissolving crystals of a salt in water. Moon Earth Which of the following would probably not affect the rate of solubility? ੭Y805A405 C ੭ C Sun F Reducing the air pressure on the solution ੭ G Grinding the crystals to make them smaller H Stirring the water after adding the crystals J Increasing the temperature of the water

Earth D Sun Moon

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41 Many complex genetic experiments 43 LUNAR ECLIPSE have been performed on plants. One of the very successful ones crossed wild L713C301੬ wheat with a fungus-resistant wild ੭S610A113 grass. This ultimately produced a C C variety of wheat that was resistant to a L Sun Earth Moon very destructive parasitic fungus ArtCodes which kills nonresistant plants. Why S610A113.AR1 would such experimentation benefit humans? According to this diagram, a lunar eclipse occurs only when the — A The fungus is also dangerous to humans. A moon is in the new moon phase B Wheat is one of the most important food B moon is between the sun and the Earth crops worldwide. ੭ C sun’s rays are directly overhead C The fungus could spread to all other D Earth is between the sun and the moon ੭ plants. D Wheat products made from infected plants would taste bad.

42 Which of these best shows that calcium is different from all other elements?

S605B301੬ F Its positive electrical charge G Its presence in milk C L H Its number of protons ੭ J Its ability to combine with oxygen

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44 45 Fossils are evidence of living things that were alive many, many years ago and often consist of the skeletons of Y802D403੬ Oil (density 0.85 g/mL) creatures imbedded in rock. Why don’t ੭L714B301 fossils contain the animal’s soft tissues, C C Water (density 1.00 g/mL) as well? ArtCodes Corn syrup (density 1.02 g/mL) Y802D403.AR1 A Because the soft tissues decayed before the fossil could be formed ੭ B Because the rock breaks down soft Density Column tissues C Because the soft tissues were always eaten by scavengers D Because the rock always smashed the Densities of Some Unknowns soft tissues flat Liquids Density (g/mL) Sample A 1.02 Sample B 0.96 Sample C 1.15 Sample D 0.82

Students measured and recorded the density of 4 samples. Using the density column and the data table shown above, which of the samples will probably float on top of the oil?

F Sample A G Sample B H Sample C J Sample D ੭

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46 47 The island of Guam had no native snake species until the brown tree snake was introduced. What effect did L706C404੬ this egg-eating snake have on the ੭L711B303 native bird populations? C C L A ArtCodes Bird populations were not affected by L706C404.AR1 the snake’s introduction. B Bird populations increased as the birds preyed on the snakes. C Bird populations decreased as the snakes fed on the bird eggs. ੭ D Bird populations increased as the snakes eliminated predators.

48 A student wishes to measure the mass of an object. Which instrument would be most useful? ੭Y801B402 F Triple beam balance ੭ C G Graduated cylinder H Metric ruler J Erlenmeyer flask Which process is the foundation for the food web?

F Evaporation G Condensation H Photosynthesis ੭ J Movement

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49 50 Growth Curve of Bacteria

64 S603A405 L701I402 ੬ 56 ੭ C 48 C

ArtCodes 40 ArtCodes S603A405.AR1 L701I402.AR1 32

24

Number of Cells 16

8 20 40 60 80100 120 Time (min)

The picture shows the growth curve of Which type of energy change is a bacterial population. According to occurring in the pictures above? this information, the bacterial population doubles every — A Mechanical energy to chemical energy B Potential energy to kinetic energy ੭ F 3 minutes C Chemical energy to heat energy G 20 minutes ੭ D Solar energy to nuclear energy H 30 minutes J 60 minutes

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