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Home , Argent, Armiger, Corley, Court of the Lord Lyon, Crest (heraldry), English heraldry

Article Article From toto GenealogyGenealogy fromfrom SilverwareSilverware Bruce Durie 1,2 Bruce Durie 1,2 1 University of , Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK; [email protected] 1 University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, ; [email protected] 2 Académie Internationale de Généalogie, 75000 , France 2 Académie Internationale de Généalogie; Paris 75000, France  Received: 1 February 2019; Accepted: 22 February 2019; Published: 1 March 2019 

Abstract: A engraved on a piece of silverwareware allowed the identificationidentification of the parties concerned, and the elucidation of the details of theirtheir marriage and ancestries. The Arms themselves have an interesting provenance.provenance.

Keywords: heraldry; arms; symbology; ; ; Lynes; Parr; silverwear; Georgian

1. Introduction The author was sent an image of a complicated Co Coatat of Arms engraved upon upon a a piece piece of of silver. silver. The sourcesource was was enquiring enquiring about about the “symbology”the “symbology” of the of elements the elements of the .of the engraving. Heraldry, Heraldry, although undoubtedlyalthough undoubtedly symbolic, symbolic, is not as simpleis not as as simple collecting as collecting and arranging and arranging “meaningful” “meaningful” symbols symbols at will. Rather,at will. Rather, it follows it follows strict rules strict as rules to the as origin to the andorigin composition and composition of the Arms,of the Arms, and the and the inheritance of the Armsof the ofArms forebears of forebears is strictly is controlled.strictly controlled. It was possible It was topossible identify to from identify the Arms from thethe partiesArms the concerned, parties detailsconcerned, of their details marriage of their and marriage ancestries, and and ancestries, circumstances and circumstances by which the Armsby which were the granted Arms by were the Collegegranted ofby Arms the College in , of Arms England. in London, England.

2. The Silverware and the Engraving Figure1 1 Shows Shows the the engraving engraving as as first first sent sent to to the the author. author.

Figure 1. Engraving on silverware, used with permission.

Genealogy 2019, 3, 10; doi:10.3390/genealogy3010010 www.mdpi.com/journal/genealogy Genealogy 2019, 3, x; doi: FOR PEER REVIEW www.mdpi.com/journal/genealogy Genealogy 2019, 3, 10 2 of 5

Genealogy 2019, 3, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 5 A number of things are immediately obvious: A number of things are immediately obvious: a. It is a shield, with a below in a scroll, and a above; b.a. ItThat is a shield, the motto with is a below motto the below shield in suggestsa scroll, and that a the crest origin above; of the Arms is not Scottish; c.b. ThatThe the shield motto consists is below of two the Coatsshield of suggests Arms, impaled that the (i.e.origin side-by of the side) Arms which is not indicates Scottish; a marriage c. Theof anshield consists to the of daughtertwo Coats of of another Arms, impaled armiger (i.e. armigerous side-by side) heiress; which indicates a marriage d. ofThe an armiger engraving to the has daughter been “hatched”, of another allowing armiger foror armigerous the identification heiress; of the original tinctures d. The(colours). engraving has been “hatched”, allowing for the identification of the original tinctures (colours). 3. The Composition of the Shield 3. The Composition of the Shield 3.1. The Motto 3.1. The Motto Foi, Roi, Droit translates as Faith, and Right. Although may be common to many unrelatedFoi, Roi, individuals, Droit translates this example as Faith, is unique. King and Fairbairn’s Right. AlthoughCrests is themottos standard may handbookbe common of armorialto many bearingunrelated used individuals, by jewellers this and example engravers, is unique. and although Fairbairn’s unreliable Crests is in the many standard ways, handbook it at least hasof armorial a useful Tablebearing of Mottosused by ( Fairbairnjewellers [and1829 engravers,] 1905). This and identifies although the unreliable motto with in the many surname ways, Lynes. it at least The has same a bookuseful lists Table four of Mottos Lynes ,(Fairbairn [1829] with their 1905). crests This identifies and (in three the motto cases) with mottos, the surnameviz. (abbreviations Lynes. The expandedsame book to lists accord four withLynes modern Armigers, usage) with (Fairbairn their crests [1829] and 1905 (in three): cases) mottos, viz. (abbreviations expanded to accord with modern usage) (Fairbairn [1829] 1905): Lynes, An elephant’s head erased ; LynesLynes, of Tooley An elephant's Park, , head erased and Purpure; Hatton, —Crest: In front of a fleur-de-lis , a lionLynes rampant of GulesTooley, Motto: Park, Leicestershire,Foi, roi, droit; and Hatton, Warwickshire—Crest: In front of a fleur-de-lis Lynes,Argent, Samuel a Parr, rampant , of Garthmeilio,, Motto: Foi, roi, Corwen, droit; North —same crest and motto; Lynes, Samuel Parr, Esquire, of Garthmeilio, Corwen, North Wales—same crest and motto; Lynes, Rev. John, M.A., of Sandesfort House, Wyke Regis, Dorset—same crest and motto. Lynes, Rev. John, M.A., of Sandesfort House, Wyke Regis, Dorset—same crest and motto. This suggests a familial relationship between at least the last three. Note Samuel Parr Lynes. This suggests a familial relationship between at least the last three. Note Samuel Parr Lynes. 3.2. The Dexter Side 3.2. The Dexter Side By convention, in impaled Arms the husband is on the dexter (left if looking at it, right if holding it as anBy actualconvention, shield. in The impaled colours Arms can bethe identified husband byis on reference the dexter to the (left “Petra if looking Sancta” at it, right if holding scheme it as an actual shield. The colours can be identified by reference to the “Petra Sancta” hatching scheme (Figure2). The main field (background) of the shield is plain, and therefore Argent (silver or ); (Figure 2). The main (background) of the shield is plain, and therefore Argent (silver or white); the rampant are Gules (); the is (). Burke’s General Armory gives us this for the lions rampant are Gules (red); the bend is Azure (blue). Burke’s General Armory gives us this for Lynes (again, expanded and modernized) (Burke [1842] 1884): Lynes (again, expanded and modernized) (Burke [1842] 1884): Lynes (Tooley Park, County Leicester, and Hatton, County Warwick; descended from John Lynes (Tooley Park, County Leicester, and Hatton, County Warwick; descended from John Lynes, Esq., of Corley and Kirkby Mallory). Argent, on a bend Azure between two lions rampant Lynes, Esq., of Corley and Kirkby Mallory). Argent, on a bend Azure between two lions rampant Gules a fleur-de-lis between two griffins’ heads erased Or. Crest—In front of a fleur-de-lis Argent a Gules a fleur-de-lis between two ' heads erased Or. Crest—In front of a fleur-de-lis Argent a lion lion rampant Gules. Motto—Foi, Roi, Droit. rampant Gules. Motto—Foi, Roi, Droit. Undoubtedly these are the Arms as portrayed on the dexter side of the engraving, and can be coloured as per Figure3 3..

Figure 2. TheThe metals metals and and tinctures tinctures of ofheraldry, heraldry, and and the the equivalent equivalent Petra Petra Sancta Sancta system system used used by byengravers. engravers.

Genealogy 2019, 3, 10 3 of 5 Genealogy 2019, 3, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 5

Genealogy 2019, 3, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 5

FigureFigure 3. 3.The The Arms Arms ofof Lynes,Lynes, as blazoned blazoned in in the the text. text.

3.3. The3.3. SinisterThe Sinister Side Side Figure 3. The Arms of Lynes, as blazoned in the text.

In3.3. impaled TheIn impaledSinister Arms Side Arms the the wife wife is is on on the the sinister sinister side.side. In In this this case, case, the the blazon would would be something be something like: like: ,Ermine, two barstwo Azurebars Azure each each charged charged with with as manyas many crosses crosses patt pattéé Argent, Argent, a a bordure engrailedengrailed thereon four In impaled Arms the wife is on the sinister side. In this case, the blazon would be something like: four escallops and as many roses alternately of the second [meaning Argent]. escallopsErmine, and two as many bars Azure roses alternatelyeach charged of with the as second many[meaning crosses pattéArgent Argent,]. a bordure engrailed Sable thereon Burke’s General Armory has (Burke [1842] 1884): Burke’sfour escallopsGeneral and as Armory many roseshas alternately (Burke [1842] of the 1884second): [meaning Argent]. Parr (granted to the Rev. John Lynes, LL.B., of Tooley Park, in behalf of his wife, Caroline ParrBurke’s (granted General to the Armory Rev. Johnhas (Burke Lynes, [1842] LL.B., 1884): of Tooley Park, in behalf of his wife, Caroline Sobieski, and to her sister, Augusta Eliza Wynne, the wife of Captain Sir John Marshall, Sobieski,Parr (granted and to her to the sister, Rev. Augusta John Lynes, Eliza LL.B., Wynne, of Tooley the wife Park, of in Captain behalf of Sir his John wife, Marshall, Caroline R.N., R.N., C.B., and K.C.H., as the two representatives of the Rev. Dr. Samuel Parr, Prebendary Sobieski, and to her sister, Augusta Eliza Wynne, the wife of Captain Sir John Marshall, C.B.,of and St. K.C.H.,Paul's). Ermine, as the twotwo representativesbars Azure each charged of the with Rev. as Dr. many Samuel crosses Parr, patté PrebendaryOr, a bordure of St. R.N., C.B., and K.C.H., as the two representatives of the Rev. Dr. Samuel Parr, Prebendary Paul’s).engrailedErmine, Sable, two thereon bars four Azure escallops each chargedand as many with roses as many alternately crosses Argent. patté Or, a bordure engrailed Sable,of thereon St. Paul's). four Ermine, escallops two and bars as manyAzure roseseach alternatelycharged with Argent. as many crosses patté Or, a bordure engrailedClearly, theSable, engraver thereon of four the escallops silver has and neglected as many rosesto stipple alternately the crosses Argent. patté, to indicate Or, rather Clearly,than Argent the (Figure engraver 4). of the silver has neglected to stipple the crosses patté, to indicate Or, rather Clearly, the engraver of the silver has neglected to stipple the crosses patté, to indicate Or, rather thanthan Argent Argent (Figure (Figure4). 4).

Figure 4. Arms of Rev. Dr. Samuel Parr.

3.4. The Crest FigureFigure 4. 4.Arms Arms of Rev. Dr. Dr. Samuel Samuel Parr. Parr. 3.4. The3.4. CrestTheThis Crest depicts, in front of a fleur-de-lis, a lion rampant. However, the lion has not been hatched in such a way as to indicate Gules. The fleur-de-lis, blazoned Argent, would require no such hatching. ThisThis depicts, depicts, in frontin front of of a fleur-de-lis,a fleur-de-lis, a a lionlion rampant. However, However, the the lion lion has has not notbeen been hatched hatched in in suchsuch3.5. a way The a way asMarriage to as indicate to indicate Gules. Gules. The The fleur-de-lis, fleur-de-lis, blazonedblazoned Argent, Argent, would would require require no such no such hatching. hatching. This would, then suggest a marriage between Rev. John Lynes of Tooley Park and Caroline 3.5. The3.5. MarriageThe Marriage Sobieski née Parr. It is, in fact, slightly more complicated. This would, then suggest a marriage between Rev. John Lynes of Tooley Park and Caroline ThisRobert would, Watkin then Wynne suggest of aPlas marriage Newydd between & Garthmeilio, Rev. JohnSheriff Lynes of Merionethshire of Tooley Park (a 1798) and Caroline Sobieski née Parr. It is, in fact, slightly more complicated. m. Anne Sobieski Dod (d 08.12.1818, daughter of Thomas Dod of Edge) and had issue: Sobieski nRobertée Parr. Watkin It is, inWynne fact, slightlyof Plas Newydd more complicated. & Garthmeilio, of Merionethshire (a 1798) i. John Wynne (b ca. 1778, d 19.12.1836, 2nd son) m. Anne Sobieski Dod (d 08.12.1818, daughter of Thomas Dod of Edge) and had issue: Robert Watkinm1. (24.07.1797) Wynne of Sarah Plas NewyddAnn Parr (d & 08.07.1810, Garthmeilio, dau Sheriffof Dr. Parr) of Merionethshire (a 1798) i. John Wynne (b ca. 1778, d 19.12.1836, 2nd son) m. Anne Sobieskia. Caroline Dod Sobieski (d 08.12.1818, Wynne daughter of Thomas Dod of Edge) and had issue: m1. (24.07.1797) Sarah Ann Parr (d 08.07.1810, dau of Dr. Parr) i. John Wynnea. Caroline (b ca. 1778,Sobieski d 19.12.1836, Wynne 2nd son) m1. (24.07.1797) Sarah Ann Parr (d 08.07.1810, dau of Dr. Parr) a. Caroline Sobieski Wynne m. (1822) Rev. John Lynes of Tooley Park in Leicestershire Genealogy 2019, 3, 10 4 of 5 b. Augusta Eliza Wynne (b 16.07.1800) m. (17.09.1828) Sir John Michell (d.s.p. 29.01.1869, Captain RN) c. Madeline Wynne (d. unmarried 1820)

This marriage is recorded as taking place in 1822, which dates the silverware, struck in anticipation or as part of the celebration. This is just too late for the reign of George III (1738–1820, r. 1760) but possibly within that of George IV (1762–1830, r. 1820). The circumstances whereby John Wynne (1778–1836) acquired the Arms of Dr. Parr by marriage to his eldest daughter Sarah Ann Parr (d. 1810) are interesting in themselves.

3.6. College of Arms The College of Arms in London (the for England, Wales and Northern ), was able to provide the following information (in the person of Dr. Peter O’Donoghue, York and Librarian).1 “The following entries in the records of grants of Arms seem to be relevant: John Lynes of Kirkby Mallory, County Leicester, son of John Lynes of Corley, County Warwick, deceased, petitioned for Arms; he states that his ancestors have for several generations been seated at Corley, where as well as in the neighbouring parish of County Warwick, they have possessed certain landed property; but no Arms have hitherto been registered to the family. He was therefore granted Arms, blazoned: Argent on a Bend Azure between two Lions rampant Gules a Fleur de lys between two Gryphon’s heads erased Or. Crest: On a Wreath of the Colours In front of a Fleur de Lys Argent a Lion rampant Gules. The Letters Patent were dated 25 April 1827.2 The Reverend John Lynes LLB., Rector of Elmley Lovett, County Worcester, petitioned on behalf of his wife Caroline Sobieski Lynes and Augusta Eliza Wynne, spinster, only sister of Caroline Sobieski. They are stated to be the only children of John Wynne by Sarah Ann his wife, deceased, eldest and at length sole daughter and heir of the Reverend Samuel Parr, LLD., late of Hatton, County Warwick and Prebendary of St Paul’s , deceased. It not appearing that any Armorial Ensigns had been established for the family of the late Dr. Samuel Parr, Caroline Sobieski and Augusta Eliza sought to testify their affectionate regard for the memory of their late maternal grandfather. A for Parr was therefore made, to be displayed to the memory of Dr. Parr, and borne by his descendants. The Arms are: Ermine two Bars Azure each charged with as many Crosses patty Or a Bordure engrailed Sable thereon four Escallops and as many Roses alternately Argent. The Crest is On a Wreath of the Colours A Mount therefrom issuing in front of a Pear Tree fructed proper a Tree Vert bearing five Roses Gules barbed and seeded also proper. The Letters Patent were dated 4 July 1827.3 No pedigree appears to have been recorded for the Lynes family. I have not been able to make searches in the many collections of papers belonging to the and of Arms of the period, as this would take a long time. But it is fairly unlikely that anything very interesting or revealing would be discovered, as very few papers or correspondence relating to grants of Arms were retained at this period. It seems clear from the above that John Wynne did not acquire any right to the Arms of Parr; rather, the Arms of the latter were devised somewhat later. His wife Sarah Ann would have acquired

1 The College of Arms in London, England, is the official heraldic authority for England, Wales, and much of the Commonwealth including Australia and New Zealand, but not Scotland or Canada. See (https://www.college-of- arms.gov.uk) (last accessed 30 January 2019). 2 Coll Arm Ms Grants 36/218I, College of Arms, London, England. 3 Coll Arm Ms Grants 36/289, College of Arms, London, England. Genealogy 2019, 3, 10 5 of 5 a posthumous right to the Arms of Parr, but it is hard to see how her children could have borne them, save as a , unless the grant mentioned above is taken to imply that the petitioners could the Arms as descendants of Dr. Samuel Parr. This is not explicitly stated in the Patent.

3.7. Differences Between Scottish And English Heraldic Practice In Scotland, the whole heraldic structure is run and overseen by the Lyon , who is both a Minister of State in the , and a in his own dedicated court—the , based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Heraldry operates, and Arms are granted and protected, under Scots Statute Law.4 For example, anyone pretending to or assuming Arms will be pursued by the Lyon Court, at no cost to the Armiger. The Lyon Court also sits regularly for other purposes, including the appointment of Officers of Arms. By contrast, operates under , and anyone whose Arms have been misused has to sue in a civil court, the . This has a single judge, the Marshal, an hereditary office currently held by the 18th of Norfolk. The Court of Chivalry has not sat since 1954, and at that time for the case of Manchester Corporation v Manchester Palace of Varieties, Ltd.,5 and prior to this, the Court had not sat for two centuries.6

4. Conclusions The Arms engraved on the silverware: The dexter side depicts Arms granted to John Lynes of Kirkby Mallory, County Leicester, by Letters Patent, were dated 25 April 1827; the sinister side to a grant of Arms made on 4 July 1827 in memory of the deceased Reverend Dr. Samuel Parr, Prebendary of St Paul’s Cathedral, and borne by his descendants; the crest is that of John Lynes, but has not been engraved in such a way as to indicate the Gules of the lion rampant. The impaled Arms therefore indicate the marriage of Rev. John Lynes of Tooley Park and Caroline Sobieski née Parr, daughter of the Reverend Dr. Parr, in 1822, which predates the granting of Arms. The silverware—or at least the engraving—must therefore date from 1827, or after.

Funding: This research received no external funding. Acknowledgments: Thanks are due to Peter O’Donoghue, and Librarian at The College of Arms in London. Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

References

Burke, Sir Bernard. 1884. General Armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales. London: Harrison, pp. 633, 777. First published 1842. Fairbairn, James. 1905. Fairbairn’s Book of Crests of the Families of and Ireland. Part II. Edinburgh: T. C. & E. C. Jack, vol. 1, pp. 29, 356. First published 1829.

© 2019 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

4 The four principal statutes governing the Office of the are: Lyon King of Arms Act 1592 c. 29; Lyon King of Arms Act 1669 c. 95; Lyon King of Arms Act 1672 c. 47; Lyon King of Arms Act 1867 c. 17 (Regnal. 30_and_31_Vict). They may be read at (https://www.courtofthelordlyon.scot/statutes.htm) (last accessed 30 January 2019) and (https: //www.legislation.gov.uk) (last accessed 31 January 2019). 5 Manchester Corporation v Manchester Palace of Varieties Ltd, P 133; [1955] 1 All ER 387. 6 “The High Court of Chivalry in the early seventeenth century”. University of Birmingham, (https://www.birmingham. ac.uk/schools/historycultures/departments/history/research/projects/court-of-chivalry/seventeenth-century/index. aspx) (last accessed 31 January 2019).