Index

A Anticlastic membrane surfaces, 83, 87 Acoustical performance, xv Antireflective glass coatings, 49 and glazing system, 36 AOT (Airports of Thailand), 132 of laminated glass, 106 (Fifth Avenue, ), ACT Engineering Consultant, 132 101 AEG Worldwide, 120 Arbour, Peter, 245 AESS specifications, 51, 54 Architectural glass, xv, 2 Aesthetic demands, xv Architecturally Exposed Structural Steel (AESS) Affiliated Engineers Inc., 196, 205 specifications, 51, 54 AGC Glass Europe, 24 Architectural material, glass as, 23 AIA (American Institute of Architects), 18 Architectural Wall Systems, 88 Airports of Thailand (AOT), 132 Architecture: Alfasi Steel , 132, 141 glass as, 2, 3 Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center (New York solar, 7–8 City), 231–241 Arcus Australia, 132 building structural system, 233, 234 AREP (Amenagement Recherche Poles cable system for, 92 d’Echanges), 185, 190 facade concept development, 238 Art of structure, 8–9 facade program, 235–241 Arup, Ove, 9, 168, 232 facade structure, 235, 236 Asahi Glass, 132 glass system, 235, 237–238 ASI Advanced Structures Inc., 87, 88, 120, 154, installation strategy, 240–241 161, 208, 224, 226, 228 project delivery, 238, 240 ASI Asiatic, 132, 139 SentryGlas in, 107 Aspension dome system, 79–80 testing, 238, 239 Assembly: All-Russia Exhibition (NizhnyCOPYRIGHTED Novgorod), 73 cableMATERIAL nets, 96 Alto, Alvar, 26 cable trusses, 64 Amenagement Recherche Poles d’Echanges gridshells, 76–77 (AREP), 185, 190 mast trusses, 57–58 American Institute of Architects (AIA), 18 ATEC, 29 Ammann and Whitney, 58 Atriums: Anchors: as building form, 8 cable nets, 97 300 New Jersey Avenue (51 Louisiana cable trusses, 58, 64 Avenue) atrium enclosure space frames, 70, 71 (Washington, D.C.), 153–166 Annealing, 24, 102 Austin, Dennis, 154

273

502433bindex.indd 273 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM 274 Index

B economy of, 100 Bader, Ian, 168 form-finding with, 92 Bailey, D., 4 installation of, 96–99 Bailey, E., 4 Kempinski Hotel (Munich), 14, 15 Bank of America, 74 multilayer, 78 Barrier walls, 33, 36 Newseum (Washington, D.C.), 223–230 Base connections, 109–111 project method statements for, 99–100 Base-loaded trusses, 54 structural behavior of, 92–94 Bauhaus Building (Dessau), 5 tensioning, 98–99 BDP Lighting, 168 two-way flat, 86–87 Beam assembly: Cable-strut dome systems, 78–80 end brackets, 115, 117–118 Cable-strut systems, 77–81 pins, 112–116 design considerations, 81 Behnisch, Gunter, 9 dome systems, 78–80 Behnisch and Partners, 84 tensegrity structures, 78–79, 81 Bell, Alexander (Graham), 8, 66 tension-grid structures, 78, 80–81 Benedictus, Edouard, 106 Cable trusses, 58–64 Benedictus Awards, 106 assembly considerations, 64 Bent glass, 28–30 design objectives, 64 Berlin Central Station train shed, xv evolution of, 58–60 Best, Clause, 196 facade surface geometry, 61 Biosphere 2 Research Center (Oracle, Arizona), 67 materials, 64 Biosphere dome (Montreal Expo), 9, 66 prestress forces, 61 Blomberg, Charles, 17 as tensile-resistant systems, 61, 64 Body tints, 24, 25 types of, 60 Body-tinted glass, 25 CANAM Steel Corp., 224 Bohlin Cywinski Jackson, 101 Carpenter, James, 17, 107 Bolted point-fixed systems, 40–42, 94 Case studies: Bonded glazing, xiv Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center, 231–241 Bovis Lend Lease, 168 Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for British Pavilion (Expo ‘92), 9 Regenerative Medicine and Stem Brown, Sandy, 168 Cell Research, 195–206 Brugg, 132, 224 Eli and Edythe Broad Stage, 145–152 Building skin, xiii, xvi, 4–5. See also Structural LA Live Tower, 119–130 glass facades (SGFs) Newseum, 223–230 Burton, Decimus, 4 Richard J. Klarcheck Information Commons, Butacite®, 138 Loyola University, 207–221 Butt glazing, 32–34, 36 Strasbourg Railway Station Multimodal Hub, 183–194 Suvarnabhumi Bangkok International Airport, C 131–143 Cable bracing system (gridshells), 75 300 New Jersey Avenue (51 Louisiana Cable clamps, 93 Avenue) atrium enclosure, 153–166 Cable mullions, 12, 86 TKTS Booth and Revitalization of Father Cable nets, 83–100 Duffy Square, 243–261 constructability of, 94–96 Vivian and Seymour Milstein Family Heart design considerations for, 89–92 Center, New York Presbyterian double-curved, 87–89, 91–92, 95–96 Hospital, 167–182

502433bindex.indd 274 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM Index 275

Cassette systems, 39 Connell Wagner (nka Aurecon), 132, 139–141, 143 Casting processes, 2 Conservatories, 4, 8 CDC, 196, 202, 208 Constructability: Center Pompidou (Paris), 47 of cable nets, 94–96 Chemical tempering, of glass, 105 of space frames, 71–72 Chicago World’s Fair Ferris wheel, 8 Consulting Laboratory West, 202 Childs, David, 87 Corona Aluminum Co., 146 Choi Ropiha, 245, 255, 256 Crespo, Yazmin, 245 Chords (space frames), 70 Cricursa, 29 Cladding: Cristacurva, 29, 120, 126, 129, 224 curtain walls, xiii–xiv Crown glass, 2 for German Pavilion (Montreal Expo), 83 Crystal Cathedral (Garden Grove, ), opaque panel materials as, xiv–xv 11–12, 67 plastic materials as, xiv, xv The Crystal Palace (Universal Exposition), 4, 8 Clamped point-fixed systems, 42–43 Crystal Pavilion (Century of Progress Exhibition), Clark Construction, 154 47 Climate wall, 171 CSTB, 185, 192 Clinton Library (Little Rock, Arkansas), 104 Curtain walls, xiii–xiv Closed structural systems, 20, 21 advent of, 5, 6 cable-strut, 77, 78 on exposed truss systems, 51 gridshells, 75 SGFs vs., 5, 7, 36 Coalition for Father Duffy, 245 unitized, 38 Coatings, 31 Curved glass, see Bent glass antireflective, 49 low-e (emissivity), 24, 25 D performance, 10, 25 Dannettel, Mark, 227, 228 reflective, 49 Da Silva Architects, 168 Codes, 31–32 , 196 Cold forming, 29–30, 95 Davis, Neil, 245 Comcast Center (Philadelphia), 3 Deacon, 154 Compatibility of materials, 35 Dead-load cable, 57 Componentized systems: Deferred approval process, 150 gridshells, 76–77 Dematerialization of structure, xiii, xvi, 7, 48 space frames, 66, 68, 70, 71 Desert Bloom, Casino Morongo (Cabazon, Condé Nast (New York City), 28 California), 77 Connections: Design-assist strategy, 18 base, 109–111 Design-bid-build projects, 18 beam assembly end brackets, 115, 117–118 Design-build projects, 18, 70, 76 beam assembly pins, 112–116 Design drivers, xiii bolted point-fixed systems, 40–42, 94 Dewhurst, Laurence, 245 in cable-strut systems, 81 Dewhurst Macfarlane and Partners, 86, 110, 245, end wall, 110, 113, 114 256, 258 for glass, 109–118 D Haller, Inc., 168, 245 glass fin systems, 109 Diamont®, 25 midwall, 110–112 Diller Scofidio + Renfro (DSR), 232, 233 point-fixed clamped systems, 42–43 Dorf, Jessica, 245 in space frames, 68 Double-curved cable nets, 87–89, 91–92, 95–97 truss systems, 51 Double-glazed facades/windows, 26

502433bindex.indd 275 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM 276 Index

Dry glazing, 32 Ennead Architects (Polshek Partnership D’Silva, Carl, 132 Architects), 104, 224, 225 DSR (Diller Scofidio + Renfro), 232, 233 Eric Owen Moss Architects, 28 Dulles Airport Main Terminal (Washington, D.C.), Expedition Engineering, 154, 161 58 DuPont, 106–108, 247 F Dutch Pavilion (Montreal Expo), 66 Fainsilber, Adrien, 12, 13, 50 Duthilleul, Jean-Marie, 185 Fairbrass, Mike, 154 Dutton, H., 50 Fang, Zhanxi, 245 Dworsky Associates, 80 FEA (finite element analysis), 41, 66 Fentress Bradburn Architects, 88, 91 E Ferris wheel (Chicago World’s Fair), 8 Eames, Charles, 47 Finishing (space frame components), 71 Eames, Ray, 47 Finite element analysis (FEA), 41, 66 Eames House (), 47 Fink trusses, 189 Eckelt Glas GmbH, 44, 208, 245, 248, 257 Fish trusses, 60 Eckersley O’Callaghan, 101 FJ Sciame Construction, 168 Eiffel Tower, 8 Flack + Kurtz Consulting Engineers, 132 Elara Engineering, 208 Flat cable nets: Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for assembly, 96–97 Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell deflection criteria for, 92 Research (Los Angeles), 195–206 glass fabrication for, 95 building structural system, 197 two-way, 86–87, 93 facade concept development, 202 Flat truss, 53 facade program, 197–205 Fleetguard Factory, 47 facade structure, 197–199 Float glass, 5, 23–25 glass system, 198–203 heat-treating, 102–105 installation strategy, 204–205 sizes of, 30 project delivery, 202, 204 Form-finding, 92 SentryGlas in, 107 Foster Associates, 9, 11, 108 sustainability strategies, 205 Framed glass systems, 7, 36–39 testing, 202 Frameless glass systems, xiv, 7, 36, 39–43 Eli and Edythe Broad Stage (Santa Monica, Framing (curtain walls), xiv, 5 California), 145–152 Francis, Martin, 10, 16, 50 building structural system, 147–148 The Freedom Forum, 224 facade concept development, 150 French National Railways, 185 facade program, 148–151 Frits, 31 facade structure, 148–150 FT (fully tempered) glass, 102, 103 glass system, 150 FTR International, Inc., 146 installation strategy, 151 Fuksas, Massimiliano, 74 project delivery, 150–151 Fuller, R. Buckminster, 9, 66, 68, 78, 79 sustainability strategies, 151 Fully tempered (FT) glass, 102, 103 Eliassen, Tim, 16–17 FXFowle Architects, 232, 233 Emmerich, David Georges, 78, 81 Enclos Corp, 120, 127, 128, 154, 208, 216, 224 End wall connections, 110, 113, 114 G Energy efficiency, 7–8 GANA (Glass Association of North America), 31

502433bindex.indd 276 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM Index 277

Garden Grove Church (Garden Grove, California), Glass mullion systems, 45, 108. See also Glass fin 11–12, 67 systems Gehry, Frank, 29 Glass systems, xv–xvi. See also Glazing Gehry Partners, 28 systems Geiger, David, 79 in curtain walls vs. SGFs, xiv Gensler, 120 framed, 7, 36–39 Geodesic biosphere dome (Expo ’67), 9 frameless, xiv, 7, 36, 39–43 Georgia Dome, 79 point-fixed, 7 Gerkan Marg and Partners (GMP), xv, 14, 15 point-supported frameless, 7 German Pavilion (Montreal Expo), 83 spanning requirements of, xiv GlasPro, 30, 120 Glass Umbrella (Culver City, California), 28 Glass, 23–32 Glass Walls (Les Serres), see The Serres (Parc architectural, xv de La Villette, Paris) as architectural material, 23 GlasWal Systems Limited, 146 as architecture, 2, 3 Glazing: bent, 28–30 bonded, xiv as building skin, 4–5 structural, xiv for cable nets, 95–96 Glazing systems, xiii, 32–44. See also Glass chemical tempering, 105 systems connections for, 109–118 framed, 36–39 crown, 2 frameless, xiii, xvi, 36, 39–43 float, 23–25 glazing methods, 32–35 glass fin systems, 108–109 point-fixed, xiii, xvi, 39–43, 94 heat-treating, 102–105 types of, 35 insulating, 26–28 GMP, see Gerkan Marg and Partners laminated, 25–26 Goettsch Parthers, Inc. (Lohan Caprile Goettsch laminating, 105–108 Architects), 85, 87 low-iron, 25 Gordon, Alan, 168 as material, 1 Gorshow, Sanford, 132 maximum sizes for, 30–31 Grand Pyramid at the Louvre (Paris), 12, 13 monolithic, 25 Green, Joe, 30 performance coatings for, 25 Green, Richard, 132, 134, 137, 139, 141–143 selection of, 49 Green building practice, xv specifying, 31–32 Greenhouses, 8 as structural material, 101–118 Gridshells, 72–77 tinted, 25 design considerations, 74–77 as visual material, 31 double-curvature, 73 as window, 2, 4 efficiency of, 74–75 Glass Association of North America (GANA), examples of, 73–74 31 as facade systems, 73 Glassblowing, 2 generic structural forms of, 75 Glass facades new designs for, xvi spanning capacity, 76 Glass fin systems, 10, 11, 108–109 transparency of, 72 Glass Grandstand, see TKTS Booth and Grimshaw, Nicholas, 9, 47 Revitalization of Father Duffy Square Gropius, Walter, 5 (New York City) Guardian, 25, 199 Glass in Architecture (Michael Wigginton), 10 Guyed struts, 54–58

502433bindex.indd 277 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM 278 Index

H Insulating glass units (IGUs), 26–28 Hahn system, 10 laminated, 28 Halvorson & Partners, 208 in point-fixed bolted systems, 40–42 Hampton Court, 10 sizes for, 30 Hancock Tower (Chicago), 47 Integrated project delivery (IPD), 18 Haran Glass, 245, 247, 248, 252, 256 Interlayer, 26, 28, 106 Harbour, Ivan, 154 Inverted Pyramid at the Louvre (Paris), 12, 13 Hard coats, 24 IPD (integrated project delivery), 18 Hardwick Hall, 10 IPP Ingenieruburo, 14 Harmon, Meredith, 245 ITC Corporation headquarters (New York City), Heat soaking, 105 29 Heat strengthening (HS), 103, 105 ITO Joint Venture, 132 Heat-treating glass, 102–105 Iwamoto, Kazuki, 245 annealing, 102 heat soaking, 105 J heat strengthening, 103, 105 Jaffe Holden Acoustics, Inc., 146 nickel sulfide inclusions and spontaneous Jahn, Helmut, 83, 138 breakage, 105 James Carpenter Design Associates, 74 roller wave, 103–104 Javits Convention Center (New York City), 67 size limitations with, 30 JA Weir Associates, 120 tempering, 102–103 JBG Companies, 154 High-rise buildings, 4–6 Jenney, William, 4 Hilti, 117 Johnson/Burgee Architects, 11 HKS Architects, 154 Juilliard School of Music, 233 HL-Technik, 14 Hooper, Stacey, 196, 202 K Horizontal cable trusses, 60, 62–63 KAMA JV, 132 Horizontal mullions, xiv, 36–37, 45 Keck, George, 47 Hot forming, 28–29 Keck, William, 47 HS (heat strengthening), 103, 105 Kempinski Hotel (Munich), 14, 15, 83–84 Hung trusses, 54 Kerr, Gordon, 245 Hybrid structural systems, xv Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates, 89 Hycast, 224 Kimbell Art Museum Expansion (Fort Worth, Hyman, Ted, 196 Texas), 30 Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts I (Philadelphia), 17, 86 Ian Ritchie Architects, 14, 15 Kinzi (Thailand) Co. Ltd., 120, 132, 137, 139 IGUs, see Insulating glass units KPFF Consulting Engineers Inc., 196 Image Casting, 224 Kulenovic, Amra, 245 Implementation strategies, 18–19 Kulpa, Kate M., 224 Innovation Glass, 208, 245 Kumar Inc., 120, 128 Installation: cable nets, 96–99 L cable trusses, 64 LA Live Tower (Los Angeles), 119–130 mast trusses, 57–58 building structural system, 121 Insulating glass, 26–28 facade concept development, 127

502433bindex.indd 278 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM Index 279

facade program, 121–127 Louvre Pyramid (Paris), 12, 13, 16 facade structure, 122–124 Low-e (emissivity) coatings, 24, 25 glass system, 124–127 Lowery, John J., 224 installation strategy, 128 Low-iron glass, 25 project delivery, 128 Loyola University Chicago, 208 sustainability strategies, 128–129 Ludvik, Michael, 31, 245 testing, 127–128 Lyon, Michael, 168 Lamella truss, 53 Laminated glass, 25–26 M Laminated IGUs, 28 Mabe, Doss, 196 Laminating glass, 105–108 McClean, Duncan, 245 Laser Fabrications, 245 Macfarlane, Tim, 17, 107, 245 Leahy, Nicholas (Nick), 19, 109, 245, 248, 256, 258 Maison de la Radio (Paris), 10 LeMessurier Consultants, 73 Majmudar, Radhi, 245 Lenticular trusses, 53 Mannheim Multihalle (Germany), 73 Leslie E. Robertson Associates (LERA), 224, 226, Mast trusses, 54–58 228 Material(s): Lever House, 5 cable trusses, 64 Levy, Matthys, 79 compatibility of, 35 Lincoln Center, 232 glass as, 1, 23, 31, 101–118 Linear structural systems, 20, 45–64 opaque panel, xiv–xv mullion systems, 45–47 plastic cladding, xiv, xv truss systems, 47, 50–64 structural fabric, 83 Lloyd D. George United States Courthouse (Las Memari, Mitra, 196 Vegas), 80 Membranes: Lloyds Building (), 47 anticlastic, 83, 87 L’Observatoire International, 232 cable nets, 92 Lohan Caprile Goettsch Architects (nka contemporary, 83 Goettsch Partners, Inc.), 85, 87 perception of glass as, 49 Long Beach Arena, California State University Mengeringhausen, Max, 66, 68 (Los Angeles), 67 Mero Structures, 88 Long-span applications: Messe-Leipzig Glass Hall and Bridges (Leipzig, cable-strut systems, 81 Germany), 14, 15, 74 cable trusses, 58 Metallic coatings, 25 frameless glass facades, 10 Metfab Steelworks, 154 SGFs in, 5, 7, 36 Midwall connections, 110–112 simple trusses, 53 Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 5, 10 space frames, 67, 70 Miller, Annie, 154 trusses, 47 Mirror glass, 25 two-way flat cable nets, 87 Mitchell, Nick, 154 Long-span curtain wall units, xiv MJTA, 132 Long-span glass facade technology, 8. See Moakley, John Joseph, 73 also Structural glass facade (SGF) Mockups, 178 technology Monolithic glass, 25 Long-span glass walls, xvi Montreal Biosphere, 66. See also Biosphere Loudon, J.C., 4, 8 dome (Montreal Expo)

502433bindex.indd 279 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM 280 Index

Montreal Museum of Art, 16–17 111 South Wacker tower (Chicago), 85 Morley Builders, 196 Open structural systems, 20, 21, 78 Morphology, 20 Open truss systems, 58, 61 Motro, Rene, 78–80 Optiwhite®, 25 Mulhern, Michael, 16 Otto, Frei, 9, 73, 83, 84 Mullions, 36–37 Oxford Ice Rink, 47 horizontal, xiv, 45 vertical, xiv, 45 P Mullion and transom frame, 37 Palace of Horticulture (Panama-Pacific Mullion systems, 45–47 International Exposition), 8–9 Multidirectional spanning, 21 Palladio, 47 Multilayer cable nets, 78 Palm House at Bicton Gardens, 4 Murphy/Jahn Architects, 14, 15, 132, 133, 140 Palm House at Kew Gardens, 4 Panel systems, 38–39 N Partially tempered glass, 103 Nabih Youssef Associates, 120, 121, 146 Partially toughened glass, 103 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Pass-through warranties, 43 (NASA), 66 Paxton, Joseph, 4, 7, 8 National Museum of Science, Technology and Pei, I.M., 12, 16 Industry (La Villette), 50 Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, 13, 73–75, 168, 170 Navtec, 16 Pepper Construction, 208 Needle Tower, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Performance coatings: Garden (Washington, D.C.), 79 for glass, 25 New Beijing Poly Plaza (China), 87 for solar control, 10 New Milan Trade Fair gridshell canopy, 74 Performance demands, xv Newseum (Washington, D.C.), 86, 223–230 solar architecture, 8 facade concept development, 228 for tinted glass, 25 facade program, 225–230 Perkins, L. Bradford, 245 facade structure, 225–227 Perkins Eastman, 19, 110, 245, 256 glass system, 226–228 Permasteelisa, 29 installation strategy, 228, 230 Perry, John, 132 project delivery, 228, 229 Phillips, Tim, 132 testing, 228 Piano, Renzo, 30, 47 Newson Brown Acoustics, LLC, 146 , 146, 168, 196, 198, 232 New York Presbyterian Hospital, 168 and distortion from heat treating, 104 New York State Pavilion (New York City World’s glass bolt system, 41 Fair), 9, 59 low-iron glass, 25 Nickel sulfide inclusions, 105 Planar point-fixed system, 40, 43–44, 87 Nicolet Chartrand Knoll, Ltd., 12, 13 SentryGlas used by, 108 Noise mitigation, laminated IGUs for, 28 Willis Faber & Dumas Building, 9, 10 Nomenclature, xiii Pilkington, Alastair, 5 Nupress, 224 Pinch-plate systems, 42 PKSB Architects PC, 245 O Podium facades (LA Live Tower), 119–130 Olympic Games, 9 Point-fixed glass systems, 7 Olympic Park (Munich), 83, 84 Point-fixed glazing systems, xiii, xvi, 39–43 Olympic Roof (Munich), 83 bolted, 40–42, 94

502433bindex.indd 280 2/7/11 2:35:18 AM Index 281

clamped, 42–43 testing, 215 warranties with, 43–44 VS-1 facade system, 210–213 Point-supported glass systems, 7 Richard Rogers Partnership, 47, 161 Polshek, James S., 224 Ritchie, Ian, 14, 16, 50 Polshek Partnership Architects (nka Ennead Robbin, T., 80, 81 Architects), 104, 224, 225 Rogers, Richard, 47, 154, 155 Polyvinyl butyral (PVB), 106–108 Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners, 154 Portman, John, 8 Roller-wave, 103–104 PPG, 25 Rotule (rotule fitting), 12, 40, 50 Pratt trusses, 53 Pressure-glazed systems, 32 S Private sector works, xvi–xvii Saarinen, Eero, 58 Product warranties, 43 Safdie, Moshe, 16 Project delivery strategies, 18–19 Safford, Franz, 118, 245 Public sector works, xvi Saflex HP®, 106 PVB (polyvinyl butyral), 106–108 Saint Gobain, 25, 44 Pyramids at the Louvre (Paris), 12, 13, 16 Saitykov, Andrei, 154 Pyrolytic coatings, low-e, 24 Santa Monica College Performing Arts Center, 146 Q Saxon, Richard, 8 Quasar, 208 SBIA, see Suvarnabhumi Bangkok International Airport R Schaefer Lewis Engineers, 245 Rafael Viñoly Architects, 86 Schierle, G.G., 59, 60, 65 RA Heintges Architects Consultants, 232 Schlaich, Jorg, 14, 83–84 RA Heintges & Associates, 224 Schlaich Bergermann & Partner, xv, 14, 15, 74, 87 Rappaport, Nina, 9 Schott Glass, 87 Reflections, 31 Seagram Building (New York City), 5 Reflective glass coatings, 49 Sea-Tac International Airport Central Terminal Reina Sofia Museum of Modern Art (Seattle), 88, 91 (Madrid), 14 SEC Station Place (Washington, D.C.), 89, 90 Renzo Zecchetto Architects, 146 Sedak GmbH & Co. KG, 30, 190 Réseau ferré de france, 185 Seele GmbH & Co. KG, 29, 185, 190, 192 Reticulated membranes, 20 Seele Group, 30, 190 Reticulated spatial systems, 20 Sendin, Patricia, 154 RFR, see Rice Francis Ritchie SentryGlas®, 106–108, 232, 247 RFR Ingénieurs, 29, 40, 185, 190 Seoul Olympic Gymnastics Arena, 79 Rice, Peter, 12, 13, 16, 17, 50, 86 The Serres (Parc de La Villette, Paris), 12, 13, 50 Rice Francis Ritchie (RFR), 12, 13, 16, 50 SGFs, see Structural glass facades Richard J. Klarcheck Information Commons, SGF technology, see Structural glass facade Loyola University (Chicago), 207–221 technology cable net facade, 211, 214–215 Shea, David, 245 facade concept development, 215, 216 Short-span applications, SGFs in, 36 facade program, 209–217 Shou, Virginia, 245 installation strategy, 216–217 Shukhov, Vladimir, 8, 73 project delivery, 215 Shuldiner, David, 245 sustainability strategies, 217–219 Shuri, Shang, 245

502433bindex.indd 281 2/7/11 2:35:19 AM 282 Index

Sieban Energy Associates, 208 Standards, 31–32 Silicone seals, 33 Starphire®, 25 Simple trusses, 52–54, 61 Stebbins, Michael, 146 Single-truss design, 50 Steel frame structures, 4, 5 Sizes for glass, maximum, 30–31 Stern, Robert A.M., 3 SK&A Associates, 154 Stick-built systems, 37 Skidmore Owings & Merrill (SOM), 5, 47, 56, 87, Stick systems, 36–37 88 Strasbourg Railway Station Multimodal Hub Smith, Antony, 245 (Strasbourg, France), 29, 183–194 Smythson, Robert, 10 building structural system, 186 SNCF–Agence des Gares, 185 facade concept development, 190, 192 Snelson, Kenneth, 78, 79 facade program, 187–192 Sobek, Werner, 133, 137, 138 facade structure, 187–191 Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français, glass system, 189–191 185 installation strategy, 192 Soda-lime glass, 23, 24 sustainability strategies, 192 Soft coats, 24 testing, 192 Solar architecture, 7–8 Structural fabric materials, 83 Solomon Cordwell Buenz (SBC), 208, 209 Structural Glass (P. Rice and H. Dutton), 50 Solutia, 106 Structural glass (term), xiv SOM, see Skidmore Owings & Merrill Structural glass facades (SGFs), xiii South Florida Building Code, 106 curtain walls vs., xiii–xiv, 5, 7, 36 Southwall Technologies, 124, 192 evolution of, 10 Space frames, 65–72 growing interest in, xvii componentized systems, 66, 68, 70, 71 truss systems in, 50–52 constructability issues, 71–72 Structural glass facade (SGF) technology, xv–xvi design considerations, 68, 70 Eliassen’s use of, 16–17 evolution of, 66–68 evolution of, 1 Garden Grove Church, 11–12 implementation of, 18–19 geometries of, 66, 68 milestone applications of, 11–15 specialty contractors for, 70–71 organization of system types, 19–21 as vertical facade structures, 70 roots of, 4 Space frame engineering, 70–71 wider applications of, xvi–xvii Space grid structures, 65. See also Space frames Structural glazing, xiv, 33, 35 Space trusses, 65. See also Space frames Structural material(s): Spans, for curtain walls, xiv fabric membranes, 83 Spanning behavior, 21 glass as, 101–118 Spanning requirements, of glass systems, xiv Structural systems, xiii, xv. See also specific types Specifier’s Guide to Architectural Glass, 31 of systems Specifying glass, 31–32 cable nets, 83–100 Spider systems, 39 cable-strut systems, 77–81 Spontaneous breakage, 105 development of, xvi Spreaders, 55 evolution of, 8 Square-on-offset-square grids (space frames), exposed, 47 66, 68 gridshells, 72–77 Stained-glass windows, 2 hybrid, xv Staining, from sealants, 35 mullion systems, 45–47

502433bindex.indd 282 2/7/11 2:35:19 AM Index 283

open and closed, 20, 21 TESS, 196 for point-fixed glass systems, xvi Thai German Specialty Glass Co., Ltd., 132 space grid structures, 65–72 Theater Development Fund, 245, 247 tension-based, xiii, 7 Thermal performance, xv truss systems, 47, 50–64 and glazing system, 36 types of, 19–21 insulating glass units, 26 Structure: mirror glass, 25 art of, 8–9 monolithic glass, 25 as decoration, 9 solar architecture, 7–8 dematerialization of, xiii, xvi, 7, 48 and transparency, 49 expression of, 48–49 Thin-film low-e (emissivity) coatings, 24 in SGF technology, 1 Thompson, Paul, 154 use of term, xiv Thornton-Tomasetti Group, 168 Sullivan, Louis, 4 300 New Jersey Avenue (51 Louisiana Avenue) Supermaster, 208 atrium enclosure (Washington, D.C.), Suppliers, of point-fixed glass systems, 43 153–166 Suspended glass mullion walls, 9 atrium structural system, 155 Sustainability, xv facade concept development, 160, 161 Suvarnabhumi Bangkok International Airport facade program, 156–164 (SBIA), 131–143 facade structure, 156–161 building structural system, 133 glass system, 159–160, 162–163 design development and analysis tools, 139, installation strategy, 163–165 140 project delivery, 163 facade concept development, 138–139 sustainability strategies, 164 facade program, 133–141 testing, 161, 164 facade structure, 134–137 Thurman, Natalie, 196 glass system, 137–138 Tidwell, Philip, 245 installation strategy, 141 Times Square Alliance, 245 project delivery, 140–141 Time-Warner Center (), 87, 88 sustainability strategies, 141–143 Tinted glass, 25 testing, 139, 140 TKTS Booth and Revitalization of Father Duffy Sweets Catalog, xiii Square (New York City), 19, 243–261 Syska Hennessy Group, 168 connections in, 102, 109–118, 255 System warranties, 43–44 fabrication, 257 facade concept development, 255, 256 T glass structure, 247–255 TAMS, 132 installation strategy, 258, 259 Tempering, 102–105 interlayer materials, 107, 108 chemical, 105 project delivery, 257, 258 fully tempered glass, 103 sustainability strategies, 258 roller-wave, 103–104 testing, 256–257 Tensegrity (term), 78 Toughening, 102 Tensegrity structures, 78–79, 81 Trainor Glass, 208 Tensional integrity, 78 Transmittance of glass, 8 Tension-based structural systems, xiii, 7 Transparency, 9, 48–49 Tension-grid structures, 78, 80–81 appeal of, xvii Terminations (cable nets), 93 with cable nets, 83, 95

502433bindex.indd 283 2/7/11 2:35:19 AM 284 Index

Transparency (cont’d) Viñoly, Rafael, 17 as design pursuit, xiii Viracon, 30, 31, 41, 96, 104, 105, 154, 196, 198, 202, as driver of SGF technology, 48 208 of float glass, 5 Vision, xvi and glass size, 30 Visual material, glass as, 31 of gridshells, 72, 74 Vivian and Seymour Milstein Family Heart of IGUs, 28 Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital of low-iron glass, 25 (New York City), 167–182 with mast trusses, 55–57 building structure interface, 170–171 maximizing, xvi facade concept development, 177 and reflections, 31 facade program, 171–177 with simple trusses, 52 facade structure, 171–175 with space frames, 68, 69 glass, 172–173, 175 and truss design, 51 glass grid, 172 Transsolar Energietechnik GmbH, 132, 142, 143, glass system, 173, 176–177 185, 208 installation strategy, 179, 180 Triplex glass, 106 project delivery, 179 TriPyramid Structures, 16, 86, 146, 168, 178, 179, sustainability strategies, 179, 181 196, 232 testing, 177, 178 Truss systems, 47, 50–64 VS-1 system, 45, 216 cable trusses, 58–64 mast trusses and guyed struts, 54–58 W at Serres at Parc de La Villette, 50 Wachsman, Konrad, 66 in SGFs, 50–52 Walter E. Washington Convention Center simple trusses, 52–54 (Washington, D.C.), 7 space trusses, 65. See also Space frames Walters & Wolf, 196, 202 TrussWorks International (TWI), 120, 128, 224 Warranties: Turner, Richard, 4, 8 cable nets, 96 Turner Construction Company, 224, 232 point-fixed glass systems, 43–44 TVS-D&P-Mariani, PLLC JV, 7 Warren trusses, 53 TWI, see TrussWorks International Weather seals: application of, 107 U in curtain walls vs. SGFs, 7 UBS Tower (Chicago), 87 glazing, 32–34 UltraWhite®, 25 for insulating glass units, 27 Unidirectional spanning, 21 for monolithic glass, 25 United States Courthouse (Boston), 73–75 Webs (space frames), 70 Unitized systems, 38 Webcor Builders, 120 University of Southern California, 196 Weidlinger and Associates, 79 Utica Auditorium (Utica, New York), 59 Werner Sobek Ingenieure, 132 Wet glazing, 32 V Wigginton, Michael, 1, 2, 5, 10 Vanceva Storm®, 106 Williams, Charles, 245 Van der Rohe, Ludwig Mies, 5, 10 Willis Faber & Dumas Building (Ipswich, Veneer systems, 37–38 England), 9–11, 50, 108 Vertical mullions, xiv, 45 Window glass, 2, 4

502433bindex.indd 284 2/7/11 2:35:19 AM Index 285

Winter gardens, 8 Y Wren, Sir Christopher, 10 Yasaki North America (Canton, Michigan), 56, 57 W&W Glass, LLC, 87, 146, 168, 196, 202, 206, 232, Yoo, Luke, 245 238, 240 Young, Robert D., 224 Wymond, Bruce, 138 Z X Zecchetto, Renzo, 147 XIR®, 124, 128–129, 192 Zetlin, Lev, 9, 59 ZGF Architects LLP, 196, 197, 202, 205

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