December 2011 ARTFUL DESIGN HEPWORTH GALLERY GOES FOR MINIMALISM

LIGHTING SPECIAL THE NEW SLL CODE

POWER RELATION HOW TO APPLY CHP

TAKING CONTROL MAKING SYSTEMS WORK

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2 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

TSH1818hp02_CIBSEMagDec11.indd CIBSE_Lighting Ad_191011.indd 2 1 19/10/1116/11/11 16:19:0113:13:38 Contents December 2011

42 News

6 News Opposition grows to planned cuts in FITs; school emissions rising despite drop in heating; lawyers warn of Green Deal flaws; dismay over cut in RHI tariff for big biomass; help for firms to be more energy efficient; councils need support on design plans – review.

lighting special

38 Artful illumination 13 CIB SE News A look at the sensitive lighting Eastern odyssey for president; and a approach taken at the Hepworth sense of wonder at annual lecture. gallery. 42 Head to head Features Two very different perspectives Opinion on a lighting specification and 22 Taking control the price of value engineering. 17 spotting the bug in the BMS How to make 46 In a new light Just how much of a threat are electronic How will the radical changes in computer viruses to a building’s building the new Code for Lighting be control systems? management interpreted? systems work to 18 letters your advantage. Shades go up on quick wins; engineering economics; and 28 Power relation Olympian expectations. Comparing the efficiencies of combined heat and power and district heating systems. Classified 20 Regulations The Energy Act may have enshrined 34 Fitter application 57 Products the Green Deal in law, but key CIBSE has published an updated guide on Your guide to the latest products questions remain unanswered, combined heat and power. and services. writes Hywel Davies. 21 Manufacturer’s viewpoint Why we should all adopt the ‘ECR’ People And Jobs approach to building services. ‘The speed of the FiTs changes will leave many 62 Appointments companies with stranded Find your next job here and online at jobs.cibsejournal.com Learning assets and a plethora of contractual disputes. It’s 66 looking ahead 51 CPD a real mess’ Intelligent Cities, and future events Fans for ducted ventilation systems. Page 6 and training seminars.

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4 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

p04_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 4 16/11/11 13:14:22 editorial

FiT of rage may not be justified www.cibsejournal.com ust another cost-cutting exercise to reduce the national Editorial debt, or a genuine attempt to improve a policy that has Editor: Bob Cervi Tel: 01223 273520 gone awry? There’s no doubt that virtually everyone involved Email: [email protected] J Reporter: Carina Bailey in the renewables industry will be up in arms over the government’s Tel: 01223 273521 Email: [email protected] decision to cut by half the feed-in tariff (FiT) for solar photovoltaic Senior designer: David Houghton Technical editor: Tim Dwyer (PV) installations (see News, page 6). Advertisement sales What earthly justification is there, they will ask, for deliberately Sales manager: Jim Folley Tel: 020 7324 2786, [email protected] stymying a sector that is taking off? And why deter households with Sales consultant: Mark Palmer, Tel: 020 7324 2785, [email protected] a new lower tariff that will mean it will take them around 18 years Sales executive: Darren Hale Tel: 020 7880 6206, [email protected] to break even on the costs of installation, instead of the current 10, Recruitment sales: Stephen Fontana Tel: 020 7324 2787 according to estimates? [email protected] Advertising production: Jane Easterman The minister charged with ‘selling’ the cut, Greg Barker, argued Tel: 020 7880 6248 [email protected] that he wanted to avoid a ‘boom and bust’ in solar PV, the costs of For CIBSE which have fallen – which means that the government must seek Publishing co-ordinator: Edward Palmer Tel: 020 8772 3697, [email protected] ‘more value for money’ from the FiTs budget. This does indeed

Editorial advisory panel sound like penny-pinching. On the other George Adams, engineering director, Spie Matthew Hall hand, Barker is right to point to Germany as Laurence Aston, director, an example where PV was heavily subsidised Annabel Clasby, mechanical building services Before we pile on engineer, and grew rapidly – sometimes at the expense Patrick Conaghan, partner, the PV panels, let’s Consulting Engineers of a more rational engineering-led approach Rowan Crowley, director, einside track make the structure David Hughes, consultant that would assess whether it was the most Philip King, director, Hilson Moran as energy efficient Chani Leahong, senior associate, appropriate application in the circumstances. Fulcrum Consulting as possible Nick Mead, group technical director, Putting this argument in a broader context, Imtech Technical Services Christopher Pountney, graduate engineer, it is now conventional wisdom that the best AECOM James Rene, engineer/acoustician, Max approach to increasing energy efficiency in buildings is the ‘fabric Fordham Alan Tulla, independent lighting consultant first’ one. So, before we pile on the PV panels, let’s ensure we have Ged Tyrrell, managing director, made the structure as energy efficient as possible. Tyrrell Systems Ant Wilson, director, AECOM This is not to say that the solar panel industry is wrong to challenge Terry Wyatt, consultant to Hoare Lea the cuts – that is their prerogative. And they are right to point to CIBSE Journal is written and produced by CPL (Cambridge Publishers Ltd) Tel: +44 (0) 1223 477411. www.cpl.co.uk 275 Newmarket Road, Cambridge CB5 8JE. apparently contradictory ministerial comments, which suggest that: Editorial copy deadline: First day of the month preceding the publication month a) the cuts will go ahead regardless, and b) a public consultation on The opinions expressed in editorial material do not necessarily represent the views of the Chartered Institution of Building the cuts will give the sector every opportunity to make its concerns Services Engineers (CIBSE). Unless specifically stated, goods or services mentioned in editorial or advertisements are not formally endorsed by CIBSE, which does not guarantee or known. With barely a fortnight between the consultation closing and endorse or accept any liability for any goods and/or services featured in this publication. the cuts beginning to take effect, one can’t help wondering whether CIBSE, 222 Balham High Road, SW12 9BS Tel: +44 (0) 20 8675 5211. www.cibse.org such an exercise can be deemed fair and legal. ©CIBSE Services Ltd. ISSN 1759-846X Subscription enquiries But, cuts or no cuts, we must not forget that a self-interested rush If you are not a CIBSE member but would like to receive CIBSE Journal, subscribe now! Costs are £80 (UK) and £100 (international). For subscription enquiries, and any change to grow a business sector as fast as we can should of address information, please contact Edward Palmer at [email protected] or telephone +44 (0)20 8772 3697. Individual copies are also available at a cost of £7 per copy not blind us to the need to step back and assess plus postage. whether such growth is truly the best way, long The 2011 US annual subscription price is £100. Airfreight and mailing in the US by Air Business, C/O Worldnet Shipping NY Inc, C/O Air Business Ltd / 155-11 146th Street, Jamaica, term, to cut energy use and carbon emissions. New York, NY11434. Periodical postage pending at Jamaica NY 11431. US Postmaster: Send address changes to CIBSE Journal, C/O Air Business Ltd / 155-11 146th Street, Jamaica, New York, NY11434. Bob Cervi, Editor Cover Photo: Iwan Baan [email protected]

ABC audited circulation: 19,139 January to December 2010

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CIBSEdec11 pp05 editorial.indd 5 18/11/11 16:22:09 NEWS All the latest news from around the building industry

In Brief Opposition grows to CRC league table unveiled The first league table, ranking larger companies by their cuts in carbon emissions, has been planned cut in FiTs published. The list is based on metering data provided by companies that come l Policy could face judicial review but under the Carbon Reduction minister calls for ‘holistic’ approach Commitment Energy Efficiency Scheme – those that consume at least 6,000 megawatt hours The government’s controversial decision to slash of energy a year. http:// feed-in tariffs (FiTs) for PV solar panels faced the threat publications.environment- of a possible judicial review as the Journal went to agency.gov.uk press. Environmental pressure group Friends of the Earth (FoE) said it would seek a judicial review of the cash for stalled schemes decision unless ministers backed down on the cut. The tariff for PV panels has been halved Developers whose projects The new lower tariff for PV systems – dropping have been stalled by snags from 43.3p per kWh to 21p – will apply to installations new domestic PV sites from April 2012 must meet the such as contaminated land completed on or after 12 December 2011, and will take minimum energy efficiency standards’. and road-access problems can effect from 1 April 2012. The consultation on PV tariffs includes a proposal apply for a share of a £500m of government cash. The Growing However, while announcing these deadlines, the that ‘a property would need to reach a certain level of Places Fund ‘will put local government also set up an apparently fast-track energy efficiency’ to be eligible to receive the tariff. businesses and organisations in consultation on the changes, with a closing date for The ‘certain level’ could include achieving an Energy the driving seat’, according to comments of 23 December. Performance Certificate rating of at least C, or ‘taking the Communities Department. ‘The government is breaking the law with its up all the measures potentially eligible for Green Deal www.communities.gov.uk plans to fast-track a solar industry kill-off,’ said Craig finance’. Bennett, FoE policy campaigns director. Dave Sowden, chief executive of the Micropower future of PFI to be reviewed Several solar power firms, housing associations Council, said: ‘The speed of the changes will also leave The Public Finance Initiative and politicians also joined forces to call on the Prime many companies with stranded assets, a plethora of (PFI), which has been used as Minister, David Cameron, to intervene over the contractual disputes in the industry, and another race the bases for funding many building developments, is proposals. to beat the six week deadline. This is a real mess.’ undergo a ‘fundamental Energy Minister Greg Barker suggested that one reassessment’, George reason for cutting the tariff for PV installations was For more information visit: www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/ Osborne, the Chancellor, to promote a ‘holistic’ and ‘whole-house’ approach consultations/fits_comp_rev1/fits_ has said. It could lead to a that ‘prioritises energy efficiency’. He said that ‘all comp_rev1.aspx new model for public-private schemes, the Treasury said.

scottish renewables lifted The Treasury has also Lawyers warn of Green Deal ‘flaws’ announced an extra £100m of funding for renewable marine Legal experts have expressed solicitor at sustainability and are worried about being left with energy projects in Scotland. doubts about the viability of the commercial property legal practice a financial obligation, which government’s flagship policy for Siam LLP, argued that landlords they will have to try to pass on to Green deal report cutting energy use. might block many of the projects. prospective new tenants.’ The Green Deal for non- The Green Deal, which is due to They also cast doubt on the The energy saving measures domestic buildings alone start next autumn, will provide reliability of the data used to ensure paid for must satisfy the Golden could create an £800m energy upfront funding for energy projects did deliver the promised Rule, which means that the charge efficiency market, according efficiency improvements in homes energy savings to end-users. does not exceed the predicted to a report by analysts Ernst & and small businesses. ‘We are in danger of constructing savings. However, this is another Young, which adds that the But delegates at last month’s a regime that will suffer from source of potential concern, government must also ensure the policy is ‘business-centric’. CIBSE Funding Mechanisms for obstruction and inertia, created by according to Woollam. ‘It is highly www.ey.com/uk Sustainable Buildings conference landlords worried about how the probable that many measures will heard that the model was benefits are to be delivered,’ said fall foul of the Golden Rule. There is potentially flawed. Edwards. a problem with the quality of energy Charles Woollam, a chartered ‘With leases getting shorter due performance certificates. Lots of surveyor, and Chris Edwards, to the current climate, landlords people don’t believe what they say.’

6 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp06-07 news.indd 6 18/11/11 09:29:08 NEWS Engineering Services Engineering Beatty Balfour

BREEAM RECORD FOR STUDENT FLATS

This Bradford University student accommodation block, built in the Bradford Learning Quarter in the city centre, has achieved the world’s highest BREEAM Design Stage score to date, reaching 95.05%, according to the scheme’s M&E contractor, Balfour Beatty Engineering. The 1,026-bedroom site, known the Green, has, among its features, prefabricated open panel timber wall frames, bathroom pods built off site, a combined heat and power system, and rainwater harvesting. The buildings will also be used to help students learn about environmental sustainability.

BUILDING CERTIFICATES School emissions rising COULD FACE REVIEW

The new Green despite drop in heating Board is likely to consider the use of energy certifi cates as part technology to support teaching and learning in recent of its plans to review progress ● Research shows rise in electricity use years. on policies to promote green as heating demand drops This may also go some way to explaining why construction. The board, made up of academy schools had signifi cantly higher energy ministerial and industry The carbon dioxide emissions of schools in England are consumption profi les than normal secondary schools. representatives, will look to take still rising, despite reductions to their heating demands, Typical CO2 emissions per pupil were found to be forward the government’s Low according to new research. 116% higher in academies than in primary schools – Carbon Construction Action Plan. Researchers from the University of Cambridge more than double the fi gure for secondary schools, Co-chair of the board, Dan and Shinawatra University in Thailand which were 47% higher compared with Labbad, suggested that its used data from 25,000 Display Energy ‘ The paper primaries. work would need to include the Certifi cates (DECs) produced in 2008-09. establishes Professor Koen Steemers, head of the measurement of energy use in This allowed them to study almost 40% department of architecture at Cambridge buildings. The news follows the the need for government’s decision not to of the primary and secondary schools in University, said: ‘This research shows that continued extend the manadatory use of England. They found that.improvements monitoring design strategies to reduce heat loss have Display Energy Certifi cates to to buildings’ thermal performance been moderately effective, but have been commercial buildings, as part of and heating systems had, as expected, of buildlings’ offset by increasing electricity demands, the new Energy Act. resulted in reduced heating consumption. for mechanical ventilation, lighting or Paul King, chief executive of the But electricity consumption was still found to equipment.’ He added: ‘In the context of national and UK Green Building Council, said have risen, resulting in an increase in emissions. international targets to reduce emissions, the paper that the property sector needed The researchers suggest that DEC benchmarks used establishes the need for continued monitoring and to see a roll-out of DECs ‘showing for energy consumption in schools had in general research into the relative roles of building design, actual energy use for landlords and tenants, so we can see who underestimated the amount of electrical energy that systems and occupant behaviour to ensure that the is doing a good job of managing schools consume. emissions trend is downwards.’ their carbon emissions, and who But they point out that that there could be a range of is not doing their bit’. reasons for the rise in schools’ electricity consumption, The fi ndings are published in Building Research See Regulations column, page 20 including the increase in IT facilities and other & Information. www.tandf.co.uk/journals/rbri

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 7

CIBSEdec11 pp06-07 news.indd 7 18/11/11 09:29:22 NEWS A biofuel plant. Larger biomass projects face a tariff cut

SMEs ‘missing out on energy savings’ Small businesses in Britain are losing £7.7bn a year by not installing simple effi ciency measures, according to energy supplier E.ON. Only a fi fth of the 1,167 SMEs the company surveyed had energy effi cient equipment nostal6ie/shutterstock.com installed, so each fi rm is missing out on possible savings of up to £2,000 per year. While15% had smart meters Dismay over cut in RHI installed, almost 90% did not have lighting timers or motion sensors. Some 80% did not tariff for big biomass have an energy monitor installed, and 13% admitted to a reasonable notice period so people can get projects leaving windows open when ● Members ‘hugely frustrated’ by decision, completed. the air conditioning or heating says Renewable Energy Association ‘This is so drastic and so sudden that many of our was running. members have been left hugely frustrated as they were The renewable energy industry has reacted with dismay already committed to projects based on the original to the government’s announcement of a 60% cut in tariff agreed by Parliament.’ Report identifi es the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) tariff for larger There was considerable criticism of the Department £8bn public biomass projects. of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) for its failure to service savings There was some relief that the scheme was going gauge what level of subsidy the European Commission ahead at all – after the last-minute delay announced would accept. Investor confi dence is being eroded with The public sector can raise the in September – when the European every change of direction on renewables productivity of its workforce by £8bn a year by using buildings Commission expressed concern that the ‘Most of funding, Thompson said. more effi ciently. tariff level for large biomass projects had the projects Separately the Energy Secretary, Chris That is the recommendation been set too high. above Huhne, has claimed that the UK will of a new report launched The Department for Energy and 1MW will become the largest market in Europe by Communities Secretary Climate Change last month confi rmed for offshore wind. He pointed to actions Eric Pickles after an eight- that RHI scheme would now be going now not totalling nearly £1.7bn of investment over month parliamentary enquiry ahead. But it also confi rmed the cut in go ahead’ the last year. carried out by the Westminster payments for biomass installations above ‘We are not going to save our economy Sustainable Business Forum. 1MW, prompting industry bodies to warn that this by turning our back on renewable energy. I can assure The report suggests that, if would lead to many projects being cancelled. you this government has resolved that we will be the the public sector rationalises its property portfolio, works in ‘Most of the projects at that scale (above 1MW) will largest market in Europe for offshore wind,’ he told the partnerships and improves not now go ahead,’ said Paul Thompson, head of policy annual UK renewables conference in Manchester. workplace conditions by at the Renewable Energy Association (REA). championing practices ‘We understand that policy does sometimes have For more information visit: such as fl exible working, it to change, but all we ask is that the industry is given www.decc.gov.uk can improve environmental effi ciency while improving productivity by between 5% and 15%. A 5% cent increase alone would equate to £8bn Help for fi rms to be more energy effi cient worth of staff time. The report also suggests that The Carbon Trust has launched rise at least 11% over the next three Its chief executive, Tom Delay, a well-run property energy a free advisory service to help years. said: ‘The new business will help effi ciency programme can companies reduce their energy The survey also found that unlock £9bn of investment into deliver energy savings of 15%, costs. companies want to improve their energy effi cient equipment. in return for an investment It claims the scheme offers energy effi ciency, but are held ‘We are confi dent that our typically paid back in two objective evaluations of fi rms’ back by three barriers: insuffi cient new business will catalyse years, as well as cutting energy needs and the most time or resources; inability to organisations to take action, emissions. effective way to meet them. quantify the expected returns; and in turn to benefi t from www.policyconnect.org.uk A survey by the trust has found and energy effi ciency being a implementing cost effective that 76% of companies are more lower priority than other business energy effi ciency and renewable concerned than they were six considerations. energy projects, as well as helping months ago about rising energy The new service, Carbon Trust the UK capitalise on green costs and the impact of this on Implementation, will also help growth.’ their businesses. customers to run competitive More than half of those surveyed tenders for their projects, says the For more information visit: are expecting the cost of energy to trust. www.carbontrust.co.uk

8 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp08 news.indd 8 18/11/11 09:30:02 Whatever you’re building the CIBSE Knowledge Portal is the essential online tool.

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www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 9

p09_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 9 16/11/11 13:17:06 news

In Brief

Regeneration plan attacked The government has ‘no adequate strategy’ for regeneration in England, according to the Commons Community and Local Government Committee. The MPs found that the decision to end funding and development under the Pathfinder housing renewal scheme had left people ‘desperate’, with residents being ‘trapped’ in half-finished developments – adding that the current

government strategy provides Shutterstock.com ‘little confidence’ for the future.

construction growth Councils need support on October saw the UK construction sector grow at its fastest pace for five months. The Markit/ design plans, says review CIPS construction purchasing managers’ index (PMI) jumped need to come together to build a national infrastructure to 53.9 in October from 50.1 l Bishop report says current centralised where good design can flourish at all levels.’ in September, after industry system is no longer appropriate He said the newly merged body, Design Council observers had predicted a Cabe, had to become a facilitator and principal adviser slump to 50, which indicates Design needs to be ‘championed’ in the built to government and should empower others to deliver no growth. An increase was environment, with more support provided to local good design through a network of local partners. reported in new commercial authorities faced with a shake-up in the planning There should be new models of engagement with business, but activity in the system, according to a new report. local communities offering clear advice and a simple housing construction sector The Bishop Review, carried out point of access to available support, he continued to fall. for the Design Council, says the said. www.markiteconomics.com ‘It is vital that current centralised system that was councils Bishop added that poor quality administered by the Council for housing was a major issue that should another year for morrell can access The government’s chief Architecture and the Built Environment independent, be addressed by creating working construction adviser, Paul (Cabe) is no longer appropriate for local partnerships, and that local planning Morrell, has been reappointed councils, communities and developers. imaginative authorities were pivotal but needed for another year by the Business ‘Good design is about more than design advice’ support to deliver reform. Minister Mark Prisk. Morrell, just the physical appearance of Liz Peace, chief executive of the who was first appointed to development,’ said review author Peter Bishop, a British Property Federation, said: ‘The government’s the position for two years in visiting professor of architecture. proposed changes to planning policy place design late 2009, will oversee reforms ‘It needs to embrace social functionality and firmly at the centre of the new planning system.’ set out in the government’s environmental performance, and to be capable of being ‘It is vital that we have a way of ensuring that local construction strategy. delivered in a tough economic climate. authorities can access independent and imaginative ‘If we are to leave a lasting legacy for future design advice needed to make sound planning generations, then all the major bodies and institutions decisions.’

10 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp10 news.indd 10 18/11/11 09:30:24 www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 11

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p12_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 12 16/11/11 13:21:04 CIBSE NEWS Tel: 020 8675 5211 | Fax: 020 8675 5449 | Email: [email protected] President: Andy Ford CEng FCIBSE BSc Eng | Chief executive: Stephen Matthews

North-east Eastern odyssey showcase at YEN ball This year the CIBSE Young Engineers Network (YEN) Autumn for president Ball took place in Newcastle. Hosted and organised by the YEN North East Centre, the ball l Institution’s president goes on tour included a drinks reception and a three-course meal for around In October, CIBSE president Andy Ford visited 100 engineers. Qatar, Singapore and China to meet the Institution’s Entertainment on the night country representatives and to attend seminars was provided by a stage and conferences. In Doha, he met Michael Daly, hypnotist, live band and DJ. The event was kindly sponsored by country representative for Qatar, as well as Esam Baxi Commercial Division, Fläkt Elsarrag, Yousef Al Horr and Murad Ali Munawar Woods, Mitsubishi Electric and Khan, before attending a seminar on low carbon Herz Valves UK. lighting hosted by the Gulf Organisation for Research Dr Yousef Al Horr and CIBSE president Andy Ford CIBSE president Andy Ford and Development (GORD). As a result, CIBSE and endorsed the importance of GORD signed a memorandum of understanding to Conference on Sustainable Development in Building the CIBSE YEN in his address to work together on academic research. and Environment. guests. During his visit, Ford met Hsieh-Min Loy, This visit reflects CIBSE’s global membership, Colin Lehane, vice-chair and CIBSE country representative for Singapore, and with about 5,000 members based outside the UK co-founder of the North East local members before proceeding to Chongqing, across almost 100 nations, including 91 members in Centre, said he ‘looks forward to seeing YEN growing in popularity China, where he attended the SuDBE International Singapore and 49 in Qatar. while commending the spirit of young professionals in the industry’. A charity raffle at the ball, Call for building services design group which took place on Saturday 15 October, raised £566 with The role of a building services need to be filled. CIBSE would project management in several proceeds going to Project design manager is fast becoming welcome the views and input of ways; project management Zambia. a stand-alone discipline in its own those interested in supporting the concentrates on a wider range l For more information on right and there is a strong view formation of such a group. of administrative skills, but is upcoming CIBSE YEN events or to join the network, visit that there should be a Specialist The design of building services not normally sympathetic to the www.cibse.org/yen Interest Group within CIBSE systems requires particular peculiarities of delivering a fully to support this post. It would technical skills and needs to be coordinated functioning design. provide a forum for like-minded coordinated with the needs of the Those who support the Journal success individuals to communicate, other design and construction formation of a new group are Many thanks to the 640 host events and review existing team professionals. asked to contact Nyree Hughes, readers who completed our publications and guidance to Building services design CIBSE technical networks October survey. determine whether any gaps management differs from manager at [email protected] Your feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with 87% rating the Journal as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’, and a further 11% describing it as Access the Knowledge Portal now! ‘fairly good’. The technical coverage in The Knowledge Portal, which provides online and special interest groups; knowledge sharing; the magazine was rated as access to all CIBSE publications, as well as links and substantial discounts on CIBSE hard copy ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ by 79% of to a wide range of carefully selected resources and publications and training. respondents. Three-quarters publications from other publishers, can now be Renewals notices and information on how to of readers spend over half an accessed at www.cibseknowledgeportal.co.uk pay have been sent to all members. For those hour reading each issue. Members can download CIBSE publications who haven’t already done so, please remember We will take on board via the Knowledge Portal as soon as their 2012 to renew your membership subscription for 2012, feedback on areas where subscription renewal has been paid. which is due on 1 January 2012. There are several we can develop the In addition to the Knowledge Portal, CIBSE payment methods: direct debit (which includes a Journal’s coverage, such membership provides a range of other benefits: 5% discount); online at www.cibse.org/members; by as including greater input from energy managers and access to the CIBSE Journal; professional recognition; phone with a credit or debit card by calling architects. networking opportunities through the regional +44(0)20 8772 3655, or by sending a cheque.

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 13

CIBSEdec11 pp13-15 CIBSE news.indd 13 18/11/11 15:51:26 cibse news

New workshops for Green Deal Sense of wonder CIBSE Training has put together a one-day workshop to provide insight into the Green Deal at annual lecture scheme and allow you to recognise the opportunities. l These events will run in various Chris Wise captures the imagination locations around the UK. For more information visit In attempting to answer the rhetorical question: ‘I www.cibsetraining.co.uk/ wonder what it would feel like if we did that?’, Chris green-deal Wise explored the role of the vital trace elements of imagination, empathy and physicality in engineering. The theme of emotion in engineering was BSO12 abstracts examined using examples from his career, from the Millennium Bridge to the 2012 London Velodrome. deadline Chris Wise presents at CIBSE’s Annual Lecture Chris Wise, co-founder of Expedition engineering, The first national conference is widely regarded as one of the most gifted and a broad range of organisations involved in the on building simulation and structural designers of his generation. He has a building services engineering industry. optimisation is to be held at reputation for hands-on engineering projects and For those who could not attend the lecture, it Loughborough University on also for his close working collaboration with some was broadcast online as a webinar, with online 10-11 September 2012. Abstracts are welcome from building of the world’s leading architects, including Richard users able to listen to the lecture, view the slides design professionals, as well as Rogers, Norman Foster, Michael Hopkins, Ken and post questions. The audio file and presentation academia. For further details Shuttleworth and Renzo Piano. slides are available for download from www.cibse. and to submit your abstract, visit The lecture was sponsored by the CIBSE Patrons, org/annuallecture2011 For more information www.bso12.org a scheme set-up in 1979 as a way of developing about becoming a CIBSE Patron member, contact closer links and working between the Institution [email protected] Young Lighter of the Year 2012 Submit your entry by 31 Professional conduct of a member December 2011 to earn your The CIBSE Board has recently profession, and to safeguard agreed that he should receive place in the Society of Light and considered a disciplinary case the public interest in matters a reprimand. Also, any similar Lighting’s prestigious Young Lighter of the Year competition. against a member. The case relevant to the art, science and transgression of the two clauses Designed to help promote the concerned the level of hospitality practice of building services within two years could lead to younger element in the lighting provided to a major client, and engineering; and the member’s suspension or profession, the competition whether evidence pertinent l The second clause – Members expulsion from the Institution. provides a unique platform for to that hospitality had been shall not improperly offer As part of the reprimand he young lighters – whether society destroyed. or accept, either directly will be required to adhere to his members or not – to hold forth on The Board concluded there or indirectly, payment or company’s new hospitality policy. a lighting subject of their choice. had been a breach of two CIBSE inducement to secure work or The disciplinary case was It will also be a chance for them Codes of Conduct, dealt with by employment. investigated before the Bribery to hone their presentation skills, two separate clauses: Although there had been a Act 2010 came into force on 1 July and to win the considerable l kudos of being chosen as the The first clause – At all serious breach of the code, the 2011. Members are advised to ‘SLL Young Lighter of the Year’. times members shall order Board decided that the member carefully note the new legislation. Following the submission their conduct to uphold the had demonstrated sufficient Further guidance is expected to of the written synopsis, a dignity and reputation of their regret for his actions, and it was be issued in the next few months. preliminary shortlist of entrants will be invited to submit a short piece to camera to further Green Deal update and other future consultations explain the premise of their While the public comment on be very limited time to address co-ordinating responses, and will paper. Entries may be based PAS 2030, the Green Deal installer some very significant issues for make the material available by on previously prepared work standard, has now closed, the services engineers, installers and email and on the CIBSE website. and must be capable of being next stage of public consultation manufacturers. Meanwhile, the formal presented in 15 minutes during on the details of the Green The package is expected consultation on the 2013 the final. Deal is imminent. It is reported to cover detailed regulations changes to Part L is due In addition to free SLL that a 460-page package is for Green Deal advisers, in December, as well as membership for one year, each due for release very shortly. installers and providers, who a consultation on the finalist receives a cash prize, a This may not be a full 12-week will finance work carried out implementation of the recast certificate and a free lighting consultation, due to the proximity under the Green Deal. It is also Energy Performance of Buildings publication. of the scheme start date on expected to contain the detailed Directive. Those with limited For an application form 1 October 2012. And with the requirements and guidance for reading material this Christmas call 020 8772 3685 or e-mail publication of the consultation advice, installation and funding will have plenty to compensate [email protected] around Christmas, there could arrangements. CIBSE will be over the festive period.

14 December 2011 CIBSE Journal

CIBSEdec11 pp13-15 CIBSE news.indd 14 18/11/11 09:51:01 cibse news

Obituary Lynn Bellenger

and analysis to firms nationwide. They l Engineer with a passion for worked together until 1991, when Mrs design dies Bellenger joined the Sear-Brown Group. In 1998 Mrs Bellenger was one of Lynn Bellenger, immediate past four founding partners of Pathfinder president of the American Society Engineers & Architects LLP, set up Lynn Bellenger In October 2010 she attended the of Heating, Refrigeration and Air to provide energy engineering and CIBSE ASHRAE Graduate of the Year Conditioning Engineers, and the first modelling services across the US. Award in London, serving on the woman to hold the office, died on 19 She was a leader in developing energy judging panel and then delivering October 2011 in Rochester, New York. modelling software, techniques and her ASHRAE presidential address, Lynn Gardner Bellenger grew up standards that are common industry ‘Modelling a Sustainable World’, which in Webster, Massachusetts. Her practice today, and was one of the first highlighted the role of engineers as professional career began after she to achieve ASHRAE Certification as a leaders in sustainable design in the graduated from Principia College with building energy modelling 21st century. It also addressed the a Bachelor’s Degree in mathematics, professional and a high- ‘In June 2010 she importance of controlling plug loads, and a Master’s Degree in environmental performance building was installed as that part of energy use in buildings not science from Rutgers University. design professional. the first female covered by the regulations, noting that She joined Xerox, working on energy She was active in president in ‘as the envelope, lighting and heating, conservation. While there she began several organisations, ASHRAE’s 116 ventilation and air conditioning loads studying to become a Professional most significantly ASHRAE, year history diminish, the remaining loads take on Engineer, (the US equivalent of receiving two ASHRAE increased significance’ – a theme that Chartered Engineer) and was licensed Technology Awards and the Exceptional both ASHRAE and CIBSE members in several states. In 1977 she left Xerox Service Award. In June 2010 she was recognise well. with Donald McGeddy, who had started installed as the first female president Lynn Bellenger was a lifelong the energy program at Xerox, to form a in ASHRAE’s 116-year history, fulfilling Christian Scientist. She is survived by her consultancy providing energy studies a long-held goal. husband, Neil, and two sisters.

Election time for members of the Board and Council

The Board is the governing body of CIBSE. according to the rules set out below: nominate individuals from those grades for It is made up of the seven officers of the l Fellows, members, associates and membership of Council. Only duly qualified Institution (president, president-elect, three licentiates may submit nominations for the individuals who have five nominations from vice-presidents, honorary treasurer and offices of president-elect, vice-president and members in the appropriate grades will be immediate past president) and five elected honorary treasurer, and for members of the added to the lists; and members. Vacancies arise at each annual Board. Only duly qualified individuals who l Any such nominations must be made in general meeting (AGM), and the Board is have been supported by 10 nominations writing to the chief executive/secretary, and required under Regulation 36 to nominate from fellows, members, associates and must be received at CIBSE headquarters candidates for all the forthcoming vacancies. licentiates will be added to the lists; by 3 February 2012. These nominations must The Board has also agreed that elections l Fellows, members, associates and be accompanied by the written consent of should be held for membership of the licentiates may also nominate individuals the nominee to accept office if elected. Council of the Institution, a much larger from those grades for membership The names of those making nominations will consultative body that exists to advise of Council. Graduates, companions follow the name of the candidate on the Board on Institution policy, which is and affiliates (including students) may the ballot paper. composed mainly of representatives of the regions, societies, groups and standing The qualifications for each position are as follows:President-elect: Fellows of the institution committees. The Board itself has not chosen who hold, or have held, the office of vice-president.Vice president: Fellows, members, to make further nominations for Council associates or licentiates of the Institution who are, or have been, members of Council. membership on this occasion, but members Honorary treasurer: Fellows, members, associates or licentiates of the Institution who are, or may nominate candidates if they wish. have been, members of Council. Members of the Board: Members of all grades may be The nominations to fill arising vacancies nominated (at least three of those elected must be, or have been, members of Council, and at the next AGM in May 2012 are listed in the at least three must hold membership in the grades of fellow, member, associate or licentiate). box (right). Members of Council: Must hold the appropriate membership grade for the category in Short biographical notes for candidates which nominated, that is fellow/member/associate/licentiate or graduate/companion/ can be found on the Members section of affiliate (including students).President-elect: George Adams. Vice presidents: John www.cibse.org Field, Peter Kinsella, Peter Wong. Honorary treasurer: Nick Mead. Members of the Board: Members of the Institution are entitled to Geraldine O’Farrell, Tadj Oreszczyn and Cathie Simpson. nominate additional candidates for election,

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 15

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16 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

p16_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 16 16/11/11 13:21:56 opinion Your views from across the built environment

spotting the bug in the BMS

A building’s control systems are crucial to its safe and secure operations. But, asks David Fisk, do we worry enough about computer viruses that could potentially put these systems at risk?

A chance remark from Chris (see www3.imperial.ac.uk/ Hankin, who runs Imperial lorsystemscentre/workingpapers), College London’s Institute for Security but IT is a compliance culture and the Science, set my head spinning. Just protection will not be included unless it how well could our systems perform if is asked for. Indeed, it is just as unwise they were subject to a cyber attack? The to presume that IT systems will always answer might be: not at all. be protected as it is for a householder to The story begins with a now suppose that a determined burglar can infamous computer virus, stuxnet. be kept out. Most computer viruses steal passwords System providers will do their and personal data. But could one very best – stuxnet can be patched, be written to infect the software of for example – but the real services process controllers? It would not be engineering question is: what would easy: stuxnet has 15,000 lines of code, happen if the system protection was and there seems to be no criminal breached and the digital control was advantage that would justify the effort. compromised? But stuxnet stopped the Iranian nuclear What is needed is some ‘fall-back’ enrichment programme for a while. engineering, a simple principle; The word is out that infecting process Shutterstock everyone takes the lift in a 20-storey controllers could be done, and cyber- The threat from the testing group KEMA just criticised building but they are glad the back terrorists might want to do it. cyberspace for the all-singing, all-dancing UK smart stairs are there when they can’t. building services is Not every facilities manager is in danger of being meter specification for not addressing So the simple question is: can the running a building that is under a high neglected security threats? building’s services be run ‘hands on’ security threat. But, where they are, We have had some clues to this if the BMS has for some reason or owners have often spent large sums threat. To name just one, in 2003 a bug other decided to take on a life of its of money on finding safe locations, in communications software led to a own? Those neat, naturally-ventilated, installed blast-proof glass, provided single unexceptional line fault resulting naturally-lit, B-rated buildings look the security access, bought four days’ in the whole north-east of the US being least at risk, while the energy-guzzling, worth of fuel for standby power, and so blacked out for four days. G-rated ones appear to be most at risk. on. The same attention is not always The first BMSs were hard-wired Normal practice would be to lavished on the humble building monitoring systems, giving oversight program a device to go to ‘fail safe’ services system that heats, cools and of a largely manual process. Digital data and shut down if it detected that lights all this investment. communication then opened up vast something was awry. That is no great Yet, ‘upstream’, people are taking the possibilities, but initially in a system help if the system is a server farm or cyber threat to the smart grid seriously. safely quarantined from the enterprise a hospital theatre. Sometimes, at the The US will be spending several billion itself. But the attractions of upgradeable cost of a few pounds, a simple extra manual valve would be enough to do dollars a year on protecting it from The real control software and access to BMS cyber attack, and ASHRAE is looking at data within the enterprise network are the job of getting something back on services standards. clear and no one wants to lose those stream – worth checking out if you are But hold on. Isn’t the smart grid engineering advantages if they can, for a threat that (justifiably) paranoid in a world where supposed to be linked to the smart question is: might never happen. So the risk level the Foreign Office is convinced that meter, and the smart meter to the what would has been creeping up while IT security cyber warfare is here to stay. building management system (BMS)? happen if people have been worrying about other And, if you are ambitious, the BMS is the system things. l Professor David Fisk is director of the Laing O’Rourke Centre for Systems Engineering linked to the enterprise’s platform, and protection was Agreed, you can now insert firewalls and Innovation at Imperial College London that probably to the ‘Cloud’? Has not breached? and the like in these systems

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 17

CIBSEdec11 pp17 opinion•.indd 17 17/11/11 17:41:42 opinion

Engineering economics The cover story on the London Olympics energy plants says little Your letters about the engineering economics of these projects, which is essential to understanding how they work (August This month: Journal, page 16. It is certain that Cofely required, and got, long-term Automated window guarantees of payment for the capital shading can provide and operating costs of those services before proceeding to spend £113m. significant savings The article should have shown who provided those guarantees, their basis, Shades go up on quick wins and duration. Almost certainly, the As a new CIBSE member, I read prices for those services must also with interest my first copy of cover the many risks that exist. For the Journal. The cover feature example: who pays Cofely, and how on ‘Quick Wins for Energy much, if the expected occupancy after Efficiency’ (November, page 40), the Olympics does not materialise? included presence detectors for What happens to prices of these lighting but made no mention of services if the cost of fuel changes window shading or automated dramatically? Who will be saddled shade controls (although the with these costs? This information is cover illustration does show what shades operated by an automated real- required to make any project proceed appear to be shaded windows). time window management system, and should be published. By using solar shades with a solar where radiometers monitor sky Larry Spielvogel screen fabric, up to 50% of heat can be radiation. Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, USA stopped from entering the building. If The monitoring showed that, for automated real-time window controls 91% of the time, the shades operated Olympian expectations are also used alongside a lighting according to the programme. Of the Reading Roger Courtney’s article on management system, the same IT other 9% of the time, nearly half of the urban heat supply, I wonder whether backbone and server systems can control movements sent the shades he looked at the article on the London be used, cutting costs further and upwards more. This was the opposite Who pays Olympics energy centre in the same providing integrated window and of what most people had predicted. Cofely, and issue (August Journal, pages 16 and lighting control management and I look forward to further articles how much, if 34). In this article he would have noted reduced energy costs. where, at long last, shades and shade the expected that the average heat loss in the district For example, in the US the Lawrence controls are taken seriously by the MEP occupancy heating network is (a very low) 1C per Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) and the engineering and specification after the km (assumed to be measured at full monitored the New York Times community, as a contribution to flow rate, but which will mean higher building for a year after it was occupied sustainability in the built environment. Olympics losses at reduced flow rate). in 2007. The LBNL found that a huge Maggi Clayden does not This sounds excellent, until you amount of energy was saved by using Vice-president, MechoSystems UK materialise? calculate that this means that the i0522-30 Air Curtains AW_CIBSE Magazine 190x66 12/10/2011 09:25 Page 1

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18 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp18-19 opinion.indd 18 17/11/11 18:01:00 OPINION

system will be at least 8C, assuming Counting carbon does count Prof Fisk’s suggestion that it could be an average ‘round trip’ of 8 km out David Fisk might be right to question 0.5 to 0.6 is a bit cavalier, but if it were of its 16 km network. Given that the justifi cation for seeking a single to be 0.6 the CHP industry would be the operating temperatures are 95C grid carbon emission factor (Letter, delighted! fl ow/55C return, this means that October Journal, page 19), but in the David Shaw (ignoring the pumping losses) at hard-pressed marketplace where Baxi-SenerTec UK least 20% of the heat is wasted to the equipment manufacturers are jostling ground (and probably considerably for every advantage, variations in grid Trusting heat pump accreditation more than this at low fl ow). Since emissions certainly do count. One year on from the Energy Saving the heat network is more than 85% Because the regulators have chosen Trust’s (EST) report, air-water heat fed by conventional, natural gas-fi red to provide fi scal support in the form of pumps can live up to the claims of boilers, one wonders on what basis the feed-in tariffs for more-expensive but energy effi ciency (‘Hot prospect?’, operators claim this to be a ‘low carbon’ less-effective technologies, combined October Journal, page 50). It is widely heating network. heat and power (CHP) has to depend recognised that most of the heat I would suggest that the signifi cant on its superior carbon and energy pumps in the EST fi eld trial were heat loss from the district heating saving credentials to stay in pole installed prior to the introduction of pipework is a good reason why heat position. the Microgeneration Certifi cation networks are unlikely to be the future Every increase in grid emission Every Scheme (MCS). The next logical step for us, as Prof Courtney suggests factors deliver more carbon savings increase is for the industry to continue to work (particularly if the heat sources are from CHP – and that matters, not in the grid with the government and industry more than 50km away). The answer to least because it gives the designer the emission associations such as the EST to support future (zero carbon) urban heat supply option of reducing the CHP size, so factor initiatives which improve knowledge is heat pump technology (using air- improving overall performance and delivers and understanding within the UK heat source, ground-source or even waste- delivering better payback. pump market such as the development water source), with biogas as the fuel If there is a chance that the current more carbon of skills and ‘best practice’ for heat of choice for the rare situation where range of grid emission factors in savings from pump installations. insuffi cient heat sources are available. general use is skewing results, CHP – and Andrew Crown James Thonger clarifi cation is certainly needed. that matters Daikin UK

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www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 19 CIBSE Half Page Horizontal December VS AD.indd 1 14/11/2011 14:06

CIBSEdec11 pp18-19 opinion.indd 19 17/11/11 18:01:22 opinion: regulations

DEAL OR NO DEAL?

The Energy Act has ushered in the Green Deal, but many questions about its implementation and the impact on landlords remain to be answered, writes Hywel Davies

The Energy Act is the legal basis achieve and maintain a specified level for introducing the coalition of energy efficiency for a property as government’s flagship energy and defined by the energy performance environment policy, the Green Deal. certificate. If the level of energy The Green Deal proposes a new efficiency falls below the specified finance framework to enable level, the landlord will not be allowed permanent improvements to the to let the property until such energy energy efficiency of a property to be efficiency improvements as can be funded by a charge on the electricity funded under the Green Deal are bill. carried out. The key condition for any Green Failure to do so may result in a Deal finance package, whether for fine of up to £5,000 for domestic domestic or non-domestic property, is properties, or possibly more for that the energy savings will reduce the non-domestic, subject to the energy bill by more than the annual Not all tenants will legal mechanism for introducing provisions adopted in the regulations. repayments on the Plan, which is appreciate the onset energy efficiency regulations for Enforcement will be the responsibility of improvement works referred to as the Golden Rule. The privately rented homes and for non- of local weights and measures Green Deal avoids the need for the domestic properties, with separate authorities, who have already had property owner or tenant to pay for provisions for Scotland. In both cases several years’ experience enforcing the improvement up front. the regulations will apply where the the Energy Performance of Buildings The Act also creates a new required provisions can be funded regulations. Energy Company Obligation (ECO) via the Green Deal (and so must meet There is an added requirement for that replaces the existing Carbon the Golden Rule). The key difference landlords of private domestic rented Emissions Reduction Target (CERT) between the two jurisdictions is properties: these landlords will be and Community Energy Saving that, in England and Wales these required to meet reasonable requests Programme (CESP), which expire Landlords regulations must be introduced by 1 by tenants to take out a Green Deal at the end of 2012. The ECO will now need to April 2018, whereas in Scotland they Plan or obtain ECO funding for work supplement Green Deal finance for start thinking may be introduced, but not before to improve the energy efficiency of appropriate measures for vulnerable about the April 2015. the property from 2016. and low-income households likely to These regulations, which are yet This may prompt questions about need additional support and in ‘hard- energy to be drafted or consulted on, and how this legislation squares with to-treat’ housing. efficiency are not expected to feature in the the government’s ‘one in, one out’ As well as the framework for the of their initial implementation phase of the commitment. This requires any new Green Deal, the Act establishes a Green Deal, may compel a landlord to regulation to be cost-neutral, or else i0522-27 CondairMK5 AD AW_CIBSE Magazinebuildings 190x66 14/09/2011 10:37 Page 1

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20 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp20-21 opinion.indd 20 17/11/11 18:02:28 opinion

it can only be introduced if legislation of equal or greater burden is repealed. But if improvements meet the Green Manufacturer’s Deal’s Golden Rule, then they must be cost beneficial, and so not be a burden. Viewpoint That may satisfy coalition ministers, but may not convince landlords If we’re serious about cutting carbon, we should all adopt the facing additional costs under the new regulations. ‘ECR’ approach to building services, writes Martin Fahey of Several potential questions about Mitsubishi Electric, sponsor of this column how the Green Deal will work in practice won’t be answered until the Why we should all adopt an ECR become a less and less attractive option – regulations are made. For example, approach to building services? especially as the technologies that burn them what types of commercial properties Buildings need heating, ventilation, power are already at the peak of their efficiency. will be affected, what level of energy and sometimes cooling. Without these, we Greater economies can be realised by performance will be specified, and how cannot create the habitable, operational and switching to alternatives, indeed, a future long will landlords have to comply? profitable spaces we all require to live, work with electricity as the only point-of-use energy Landlords might also be wondering and play in. At the same time however, we is now both possible and desirable due to what will transpire in cases where want our buildings to be energy efficient, less the lower direct emissions this will generate the energy efficiency works to be carbon intensive, and to use more renewable moving forward. carried out interfere with the existing technologies. CARBON: Buildings in all their forms account legal rights of other tenants to enjoy As the industry responsible for producing, for 44% of the UK’s CO2 emissions. Reducing the beneficial use of their tenancy. specifying and maintaining the technology this burden and specifically those emissions For example, installing insulation that can answer these generated by heating – and by in a multi-tenanted office building needs, everyone in the cooling and ventilation in some could well upset some tenants whose building services sector The task ahead of commercial properties – is key. businesses could be adversely affected needs to find ways of us is so large that This can be achieved through as a result of the disruption. delivering what a building we rapidly need to innovating more efficient Indeed, landlords need to start wants while addressing the find those mass- products, removing the thinking about the energy efficiency challenges of what it needs market solutions direct use of fossil fuels from of their buildings now, in order to stay to achieve. buildings, recovering waste heat that can deliver the ahead of the game. Otherwise they risk At Mitsubishi Electric, to use elsewhere and replacing not being able to let the property, or of we’re aware that reconciling energy savings we equipment in a timely manner. the potential rental being reduced, or these needs and wants has require as soon as RENEWABLES: The UK building of having to carry out potentially costly changed the way equipment possible stock is able to accommodate work to a tight timescale. purchases have to be made. renewable technologies relatively Clauses 74 and 75 contain one That is why we have developed what we call easily. We are also fortunate that our climate further interesting provision. The the ‘ECR’ approach – which should be adopted is often ideal for supplying renewable energy current rules for disclosure of EPCs in once every possible measure has been taken to via currently available technology. the Energy Performance of Buildings reduce the overall energy demand. Renewable solutions for use in buildings Regulations may be amended, making Firstly, the heating, cooling, power and are varied and span both heating and power EPCs far more widely accessible. ventilation requirements should be delivered generation. Their inclusion gives buildings a Again, new regulations will be in ways that are as efficient as possible. Next, level of energy independence, and the skills required, but the intent appears they should help the building emit lower exist to incorporate them. The task ahead clear, to make EPCs far more widely amounts of carbon and finally, wherever of us is so large that we rapidly need to find available than hitherto. We live in possible, they should incorporate renewable those mass-market solutions that can deliver interesting times. energy. the energy savings we require as soon as EFFICIENT: Maximum efficiency is possible. paramount: The cheapest and cleanest We firmly believe that the ECR approach WEB LINKS kilowatt of energy is the one you do not use. places efficiency, carbon reduction and Achieving this means more than just sealing increased use of renewable energy at the The full legal text of the Energy Act 2011 is at www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/16/ a building’s envelope – it also requires centre of every decision-making process pdfs/ukpga_20110016_en.pdf. The Act the selection and correct specification and in respect of fulfilling a building’s heating, applies to the United Kingdom as a whole, although some aspects of the Act are only installation, maintenance, monitoring cooling, ventilation and power requirements. applicable to parts of the UK. and operation of the most energy efficient If you would like to join the debate, visit The Department of Energy and Climate technologies available. Short-term decisions www.greengateway.mitsubishielectric.co.uk. Change has an extensive page giving further need to give way to those that take a whole information and links to policy documents: SPONSORED www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/ lifetime view. legislation/energy_act2011/energy_act2011. As their costs increase and availability BY aspx decreases, the use of fossil fuels on site

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 21

CIBSEdec11 pp20-21 opinion.indd 21 17/11/11 18:02:51 Adding various electronic management systems to buildings is meant to increase their energy effi ciency, but the result is often far from satisfactory. Graham P Smith offers a guide to making the most of these processes TAKING CONTROL ne of the most common causes of poorly performing buildings is inadequate or defi cient control systems. About 90% Oof controls for heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are inadequate in some way, costing industry and commerce more than £500m a year in additional energy costs, according to the Carbon Trust (see Building Controls Technology Overview – CVT032, 2007). Controllability – or the lack of it – is a key issue when it comes to saving energy and cutting carbon emissions from buildings. There are a number of defi nitions of controllability. For the purposes of this article, the term is used to mean the ability for the system to be controlled within acceptable limits for both occupancy comfort and energy effi ciency/carbon emissions. Despite advances in control technology, poor control outcomes are still common. Controls can be inadequate or defi cient for a number of reasons, but the most common are: ● Inadequately specifi ed control systems/ building management systems (BMS); ● Defi cient commissioning and maintenance of control systems/BMS; ● Poorly understood, or ineffectual use of, control systems/BMS; and ● Poor controllability and uncontrollable HVAC services. All these factors are important, but the

most misunderstood and diffi cult-to-resolve shutterstock.com / Giuseppe_R

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CIBSEdec11 pp22-24,26 Control•.indd 22 17/11/11 17:42:37 Controls heating and cooling

cause of poor control is the controllability of the HVAC services: no matter how good the control system or BMS is, lack of controllability means lack of effectiveness for all load conditions. A very simple example of an uncontrollable system is an oversized DX Cassette Unit with on/ off control. This will never achieve a stable room temperature, and can result in cold draughts, dissatisfied occupants and poor efficiency of operation. Changes to system design or plant selection may be required to achieve acceptable controllability ­– but such changes can be expensive and disruptive, and are avoidable by designing controllable systems. Alternative control strategies can sometimes be used, although not normally without The most misunderstood some compromise of efficiency or operation. and difficult-to-resolve Heating cause of poor control is Many controllability issues are associated the controllability of the with multiple boiler and chiller systems, HVAC services which are normally less noticeable to the building user but are of increasing importance to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions (and can be expensive and disruptive to rectify). CVT032 states that inadequate or incorrect application of boiler control can easily add 15% to 30% to fuel consumption, compared with a well-controlled system. Here are some of the most common heating-system controllability issues. Poor header design (see Figure 1): Headers should be designed with flows at one end and returns at the other. If one circuit returns prior to the take-off for another circuit, the second circuit flow temperature will be affected – in this case the hot water supply (HWS) primary, which could affect HWS temperature. This should be obvious, but I’ve seen it on a major project within the last couple of years. Split headers (see Figure 2): Individual flow and return headers will cause interaction between primary and secondary pumps, varying flows and potentially affecting stability of boiler control. It can be relatively easy to resolve by making the split header into a common header. A combined header/ de-aerator/dirt separator can be very useful for this purpose. Individual boiler pumps (see Figure 3): Individual boiler pumps and a common No matter how good a header are desirable to eliminate dilution management system of flow through off-line boilers, but can is, not being able to control it properly can be the source of controllability issues. seriously undermine it The most common issue is that boiler sequence cannot be controlled from return

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 23

CIBSEdec11 pp22-24,26 Control•.indd 23 18/11/11 15:52:10 Controls heating and cooling

differential temperatures, and consequently compensated have lower flow rates. Whilst substitution circuit of modern boilers with packaged pumps is normally successful at a domestic level, the

BOILER 1 BOILER 2 effect on hydraulics must be considered for larger retrofit installations; reverse flows hws in common headers causing dilution of common hea d e r common cyclinder secondary flow temperatures is the most common problem. Figure 1: Poor header design Boilers with variable flow pumps: Pumps that vary boiler flow in unison with burner firing to maintain constant differential temperatures can cause significant

compensated hydraulic and controllability issues in BOILER 1 BOILER 2 circuit multiple boiler applications, particularly where system differential temperatures split hea d e r split hws cyclinder have also not been carefully considered. HWS segregation: Many systems Figure 2: Individual flow and return headers combine heating and HWS heat sources to reduce capital costs. Segregation of HWS can often reduce standing losses in summer, and can permit far greater flexibility for boiler control, enabling more BOILER 1 BOILER 2 effective condensing operation. compensated l Two-stage burners: These are very circuit rarely correctly commissioned; only a hws few months ago I saw new boilers with common hea d e r common cyclinder both high and low burner stages set to the same temperature, working as single stage

Figure 3: Individual boiler pumps and a common header burners. Where controlled by the individual boiler thermostat, the second stage must temperature as the temperature will not be be set to a lower temperature than the representative of the system load, due to first stage; consequently, significant flow the change in flow rate. Flow temperature temperature variations will occur. Control control can be used, but is only normally can be integrated with sequence controls stable where it is correctly integrated to on multiple boilers to work effectively, but control boilers with modulating burners. care must be taken to ensure compliance Flow temperature control of boilers with HSE guidance note PM5. with on/off or high/low burners can be There is little to justify two stage unstable and can interact with the boiler burners as the theoretical gains over single thermostats, unless particular care is taken stage burners are very rarely achieved. with operating temperatures, which must Modulating burners should always be conform with Health and Safety Executive used for good control and energy efficient guidance note PM5 (www.hse.gov.uk). operation. Boilers with individual pumps can be very Biomass boilers: These are increasingly effectively controlled with heat load control, used as a low carbon solution, but require which also allows the boilers to be controlled a number of additional factors to be for their most efficient range of operation. considered for successful operation. Purely Condensing boilers: Many condensing adding a biomass boiler to an existing boiler installations rarely work in system without considering overall system condensing mode as, apart from start- integration – hydraulics and control – can be up, the return water temperature is often a recipe for problems. There are too many above 54C, due to the system design. factors to consider here, but controllability is Direct compensation of boilers can a major factor in successful biomass boiler achieve significantly increased condensing system design. operation, but can only be used where a Component pressure loss: Modern boilers quick response to increase temperature is can have significant pressure losses, which possible for HWS demand, where required. should be considered in their selection, as System differential temperatures: Modern this will add to overall energy consumption. boilers are normally designed for higher System components should also be

24 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp22-24,26 Control•.indd 24 17/11/11 17:43:09 22595 - MHI - CIBSE Journal.ai 2 18/07/2011 15:46

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 25

p25_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 25 16/11/11 13:24:01 Controls heating and cooling

observed at low load, with one on-line chiller having an evaporator discharge temperature of 4.5C, mixing with the flow through the off-line chiller to achieve a mixed flow temperature of 6C. An evaporator flow temperature of 4.5C will only satisfy a 25% load, assuming a constant flow system and 6C to 12C system temperatures. 3C would be necessary for 50% load with only one chiller operating to provide a mixed temperature of 6C, although chillers are typically set for a minimum control temperature of 4C to avoid the possibility of freeze-up. Running a chiller at lower CHW temperatures will typically have a reduction in coefficienct of performance (CoP) of around 3% to 6% at Simple solutions to adjusting controls are carefully selected, and individual items with 4.5C instead of 6C, and 6% to 12% at 3C. preferable but not significantly higher pressure losses avoided, The overall reduction in seasonal efficiency always available as these can dictate the maximum pump could be significantly greater, dependent operating head. I have encountered systems upon the selected chillers and load profiles, where the majority of the loads had losses plus there will be additional pumping of 15 to 30 kPa, but a couple of loads were losses compared with individually pumped around 100 kPa. chillers. I understand in both cases the To minimise energy use on variable flow chiller manufacturers had recommended systems, additional differential pressure the hydraulic layout and control system! sensors can be installed to control the It is normally more efficient to run individual parts of the circuits, to meet modern multiple chillers together down the required differential pressure only to loads of around 20% to 25%, dependent when these items of plant are operating. upon chiller selection. However, individual However, care needs to be taken to ensure chiller turndown is limited and stability stable operation of all items of plant when of operation has to be considered at low the system differential pressure changes. loads. Significant energy savings and Selecting components with similar (low) stable, reliable operation can normally be pressure losses on each circuit is by far the achieved with a controllable system design most effective method for energy efficient incorporating individual chiller primary controllable operation. pumps, a common header or buffer vessel, heat load control and variable flow Chillers secondary circuits. Reset of evaporator One problem with chilled water (CHW) flow temperature at low loads can also save systems that I have identified on a couple of further energy in many applications. sites recently is parallel connection of a pair of chillers with a common pump-set (see Conclusion Figure 4). In both cases the chillers were The above is a selection of common modern, large energy efficient chillers, but controllability issues, most of which had flow temperature sequence control are easily avoided with suitable input to system design, resulting in controllable, 6C energy-efficient operation. Robust control strategies are necessary to achieve 4.5C 7.5C optimum energy efficient, low carbon operation. Simple solutions are preferable, chw wherever possible, although modern plant system with direct communication via BACnet, for chiller 1 chiller 2 example, offers further opportunities for 25% more efficient operation.CJ on_line off_line load l Graham P Smith is director of Birling Consulting. 7.5C He was a technical adviser for and a principal author of CIBSE Guide F: Energy Efficiency in Buildings -1998. www.birlingconsulting.co.uk www.cibse.org/bookshop Figure 4: A pair of chillers connected to a common pump set

26 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp22-24,26 Control•.indd 26 17/11/11 17:43:27 Revolutionary ideas

Galileo believed the earth orbited the sun even when everyone thought he was wrong

QUINTA ECO PLUS COMMERCIAL HEATING & HOT WATER SYSTEMS revolutionary thinking from Remeha Low Carbon Best Practice from the Pioneers of Condensing Boiler Technology Introducing the Quinta Eco Plus, the revolutionary new heating and hot water system from Remeha. The Quinta Eco Plus can achieve up to 48% lower carbon emissions and fuel savings than typical ‘best practice’ systems, delivering an overall system efficiency of 97% GCV at 82/71°C. By incorporating Passive Flue Gas Heat Recovery technology, the Quinta Eco Plus heating system recovers normally wasted energy equivalent to around 15% of the gross input energy. This can be used for driving additional radiators, underfloor heating or preheating DHWS. This maximum efficiency can only normally be achieved by condensing boilers with constant running of the total system at low temperatures, 50/30°C or less. The Quinta Eco Plus gives you maximum ‘full time condensing’ efficiencies, irrespective of primary circuit temperatures, making it the perfect solution for a wide range of commercial heating requirements where 100% low temperature circuits are not possible.

*The efficiency improvements are when the Quinta Eco Plus is compared to the industry best condensing boiler published efficiencies

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p27_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 27 16/11/11 13:25:41 Combined heat and power 1 Energy efficiencies

POWER RELATION How can specifiers decide when and how to apply combined heat and power, and what are the key considerations for using district heating systems? Paul Woods looks at ways of comparing efficiencies in these applications

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CIBSEdec11 pp28-30,32 CHP•.indd 28 17/11/11 17:44:27 Combined heat and power 1 Energy efficiencies

One of the energy centres serving the Olympic Park and Stratford, as part of a district heating scheme that is near completion (see CIBSE Journal, August 2011, page 16)

he growing need to improve energy All of the CHP-equivalent heat efficiencies Typical efficiencies calculated from security and reduce greenhouse gas are higher than for boilers, which are typically the equations shown left are: emissions is often focused on cutting 80% to 90% efficient. Current technology and a grid energy demand and using renewable Figure 1 can also be used to compare CHP efficiency of 40%: Tenergy sources. with heat pumps. For a grid efficiency of 40%, Individual Gas Boiler 85% Other important approaches include a heat pump with a coefficient of performance Air source heat pump CoP 2.5 100% using combined heat and power (CHP) (CoP) of 3 has an equivalent heat efficiency of Gas-engine CHP 35% elec/ systems or heat pumps to provide heating or 120% (3 x 40%); and a CHP with an electrical 45% thermal 360% cooling – but both of these approaches need efficiency of 20% would have the same to be rigorously assessed to determine their equivalent heat efficiency. Future technology and 50% grid ‘equivalent heat efficiency’ – that is, equivalent efficiency: to boiler efficiency. This analysis also needs Individual Gas Boiler 85% to take account of the carbon intensity – or When CHP or heat pumps Air source heat pump CoP 2.5 125% ‘carbon factor’ – of different fuels used by are used with district CHP 35% elec/45% thermal 150% CHP and heat pump systems. The carbon heating systems, there Heat pump CoP 4, factor of electricity supplied by the grid is 50% grid efficiency 200% crucial here. are factors that need to be CHP 40% elec/40% thermal, When CHP or heat pumps are used with considered 50% grid efficiency 200% district heating (DH) systems, there are three other factors that also need to be considered: However, for a grid efficiency of 50%, a heat The above shows that, as the grid efficiency the heat losses from the DH network; the pump with a CoP of 4 would have an equivalent improves, CHP efficiency will also need to pumping energy required; and the additional heat efficiency of 200% (4 x 50%), and a CHP improve if the efficiency benefits are to be use of boilers to meet peak demand. These would need to have an electrical efficiency of maintained, especially when compared with factors can dilute the benefits obtained from 40% to be as efficient. heat pumps that benefit from the improved the higher efficiency of larger-scale CHP. The current grid efficiency is about 39%, as grid efficiency. calculated from DUKES (Digest of UK Energy CHP efficiencies are quoted as being at Comparing efficiencies Statistics, Chapter 5, Table 5.6, 2010. www.decc. 80%, referring to the total efficiency, and then The ‘equivalent heat efficiency’ concept can gov.uk). compared with the grid efficiency of 40%, be used to compare CHP and heat pumps. This excludes transmission and distribution thus indicating a doubling of energy efficiency. The calculations are shown in the panel on electrical losses, so the average efficiency for As the analysis above shows, this is a false page 32. delivered energy is around 36%. comparison: for low CHP electrical efficiency

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 29

CIBSEdec11 pp28-30,32 CHP•.indd 29 17/11/11 17:44:40 Combined heat and power 1 Energy efficiencies

of, say, 15%, an 80% CHP total efficiency may CO2 content of CHP heat = (Fchp x ef – Echp be only slightly better than a boiler. x ee)/ Hchp = ef / ηh – ee x (ηe / ηh) = (ef – ee x Similarly, it is sometimes claimed that ηe) / ηh Hchp heat pumps have an efficiency of more than where ef = fuel emission factor, ee = electricity 100% (which is true, provided the CoP x emission factor, ηe and ηh are the CHP electrical grid efficiency is >100%), and that this must and thermal efficiencies, Echp, Hchp and therefore always be better than a CHP, which Fchp are the CHP energy flows for electricity has a practical maximum total efficiency of generated, heat and fuel. 80% (see ‘Sustainable Energy Without the Another type of CHP plant is where heat is Hot Air’, David MacKay, 2009, page 151. www. extracted in the form of low-pressure steam from withouthotair.com). Again, this is an erroneous a power station built primarily for electricity conclusion. As shown above, the CHP- generation, whether fossil fuel, energy from equivalent heat efficiency can be significantly waste, biomass or nuclear. When steam is higher than a heat pump, depending on the extracted from the steam turbine at a useful seasonal CoP of the heat pump, the CHP temperature, there will be a reduction in the A computer image showing an example of a combined electrical efficiency and the grid efficiency. electricity generated as the steam flow through heat and power system with a ground source heat pump, the low-pressure turbine is reduced. In this case which together supply underfloor heating and hot water. The ‘equivalent heat efficiency’ concept, described in this Emissions factors the CO2 content of heat relates to the emissions article, can be used to compare CHP and heat pumps Although the above approach provides some from power stations on the system that would useful insights to help mitigate climate change, have to operate to replace this ‘lost’ electricity. it does not take account of the variation in CO2 The ratio of heat extracted to electricity reduction emissions that result from using different fuel is termed the z-factor and is typically in the range types. An alternative method for comparison of 6 to 8. Hence: is to calculate the CO2 content of a unit of heat CO2 content of heat extraction = ee/z produced by the different technologies. The above equations have been plotted on Figure l For a boiler, the CO2 content of heat is given 2 for comparison, with the main variable being by: fuel emission factor / efficiency the electricity emission factor for the grid supply. l For a heat pump it is given by: electricity It is assumed that gas is the fuel used for CHP emission factor / CoP and boiler with an emission factor of 198g/ l For a CHP plant it is: (CHP fuel x fuel emission kWh. factor – CHP electricity generated x electricity Figure 2 demonstrates that the key issue in emission factor)/ CHP heat generated the comparison is the emissions factor assumed This can be expressed in terms of the CHP for the grid electricity. As the electricity supply thermal efficiency and CHP electrical efficiency is composed of a mix of power stations with as: wide variation in emissions factor (from hydro- electricity and wind energy with near-zero Equivalent heat efficiency for CHP and heat pumps emissions to coal-fired power stations with around 900g/kWhe), it is not obvious which 400% emissions factor to use. 350% An average emissions factor is the approach taken within Part L of the Building Regulations 300% 2010, where 529g/kWhe is to be used in assessing the benefits from displacing grid 250% electricity. 200% Looking at Figure 2, we can conclude: l The CO2 content of heat from CHP varies 150% significantly with CHP electrical efficiency and electricity emissions factor. 100% l The actual CO2 saving arising from CHP Equivalent heat efficiency heat Equivalent can be found by using marginal electricity 50% emission factors (say 690g/kWh), reflecting 0% partly the energy efficiency of CHP and partly 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% fuel switching from coal to gas. This approach CHP Electrical efficiency shows that gas-engine CHP will result in more CO2 savings than heat pumps. grid efficiency 40% grid efficiency 45% l However, if the question is ‘how does gas- grid efficiency 50% heat pump CoP 3.5 grid effic. 45% engine CHP compare with the best alternative heat pump CoP 3 grid effic. 40% heat pump CoP 4 grid effic. 50% use of gas as a fuel?’ then a much lower gas boiler at 85% effic. electricity emission factor should be used (say Figure 1: Equivalent heat efficiencies for CHP (CHP total efficiency = 80%) 394g/kWh), and for this case a mid-range CHP

30 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp28-30,32 CHP•.indd 30 17/11/11 17:44:58 Are you ready for the

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www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 31

p31_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 31 16/11/11 13:27:13 Combined heat and power 1 Energy efficiencies

Variation of heat emissions factor for various heat sources from the network. In these circumstances, CHP can supply 80% of annual heat consumption, 300% with the remainder coming from boilers. The 250% CHP at 42% growing use of larger-scale CHP as part of DH CHP at 35% systems has implications for the siting of power 200% CHP at 25% stations in the longer term – they will need to 150% Gas boiler at 85% be nearer major cities. Larger heating networks will also need to be provided to take advantage 100% Heat pump (CoP 3) of heat from such power stations. 50% Heat pump (CoP 2) This will mean, in effect, that all new coal or Steam turbine 0% extraction z=7 gas power stations and biomass/waste plants 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 -50% will need to be ‘CHP ready’ to be able to supply heat in the longer term. DH will also be able

emissions per kWh heat (g/kWh) heat kWh per emissions -100% 2 to use a range of other heat sources, including

CO -150% large-scale heat pumps, solar, deep geothermal, CO2 emissions per kWh electricity (g/kWh) electrode boilers and offer important demand- Figure 2: CO2 emissions for heat from various sources against electricity emissions factor. CHP efficiencies in the key relate to side management benefits, enabling more wind electrical efficiency; total CHP efficiency (thermal plus electrical) is kept constant at 80%. All efficiencies are on GCV basis energy generation and reducing the need for electricity storage. is equivalent to a heat pump with a CoP of 3. In conclusion, it has been shown that, as the l Below an electricity emission factor of about electricity grid decarbonises in the future, gas- 420g/kWh, the lowest CO2 content is obtained fired CHP systems will save less CO2. CHP and by extraction of heat from an established steam DH schemes will need to evolve to maintain an turbine power station, which is equivalent to a environmental and economic benefit over other heat pump with a CoP of 7. low carbon solutions, including taking heat from major low carbon thermal power stations and What about district heating? the use of large-scale heat pumps and thermal The greatest benefit of CHP will come through storage. the use of district heating, which will enable larger-scale CHP to be used, including using l Paul Woods is technical director of AECOM. CHP to extract heat from power stations. DH www..com This article is extracted from a paper presented to the CIBSE Technical Symposium 2011. also has energy inputs to counteract heat losses

Calculating the energy efficiency of CHP and heat pumps

The energy efficiency of heat useful heat output (Hchp) / fuel Or, in words: be rejected close to ambient

supply can be calculated using input (Fchp) (4) CHP equivalent heat efficiency temperature and could be classed

the ‘equivalent heat efficiency’ The electrical efficiency= ηh = = CHP thermal efficiency / (1 – as ‘waste heat’.

concept and used to compare electricity generated (Echp) / fuel (CHP electrical efficiency / grid At the other extreme, if the CHP

heating options. input (Fchp) (5) efficiency)(7) electrical efficiency tends to zero, For a boiler, equivalent heat The equivalent heat efficiency for Equation 7 is fundamental then the CHP equivalent heat

efficiency = heat output / fuel CHP = heat output (Hchp) / net to CHP performance. One efficiency tends towards the CHP used (equation 1) fuel used where: net fuel used implication of the second law thermal efficiency; in other words,

For a heat pump, equivalent heat = CHP fuel (Fchp) less power of thermodynamics is that the the CHP is tending to become the

efficiency = heat output/primary station fuel (Fps) displaced by highest electrical efficiency will same as a boiler. Therefore the

energy input CHP electricity generated (Echp) be achieved when discharging most efficient CHP is one where

= heat output / (electricity used / So equivalent heat efficiency,η h,eq heat at the lowest possible cold the electrical efficiency is as high

grid efficiency) = Hchp / (Fchp – Fps) (6) sink temperature (the ambient as possible.

= CoP x ηe,grid (2) From (3) above = Hchp / (Fchp – temperature).

Where: (Echp / ηe,grid)) For heat to be useful, it will *The CHP performance can also be

CoP = useful heat output / electricity From (5) above = Hchp / (Fchp – always need to be above ambient, defined using: total efficiency = (heat plus electricity) divided by fuel input, consumption over the year ((Fchp x ηe) / ηe, grid)) and so the CHP electrical efficiency or heat to power ratio plus one of the e,grid = grid efficiency = delivered η Dividing through by Fchp leads to will always be lower than the best two efficiencies defined here, but two electricity / primary fuel input the following equation: grid efficiency**. parameters are always needed to define (Fps) (3) CHP equivalent heat efficiency In equation 7, as the CHP CHP performance.

For a CHP system the performance ηh,eq = (Hchp / Fchp) / (1 – (ηe / electrical efficiency tends to the grid **Electricity grid losses also need to be requires the definition of two ηe,grid)) efficiency, then the equivalent heat considered where power stations are efficiencies*: From (4) ηh,eq = ηh / (1 – (ηe / efficiency tends towards infinity – remote from, and CHP plant is close The thermal efficiency = ηh = ηe,grid) (7) that is, the heat would eventually to, the point of consumption.

32 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

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=:69A>C:HEDCHDG/ HEDCHDG:97N/

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 33

p33_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 33 16/11/11 14:38:53 application mid concerns over fuel demand for heat are ideal; without a heat A CIBSE manual security, energy costs and load, the CHP will switch off and no on CHP has been rising worldwide demand, savings will be made. there is increasing pressure The guide includes the methodologies overhauled to take into Aon specifiers to look for alternative means required to assess the viability of CHP, its account latest trends of providing power, heat and cooling for procurement, installation, commissioning, buildings. As a result, combined heat and operation and maintenance. A set of and application needs. power (CHP) has increased in popularity, practical applications and ‘lessons learned’ Tim Dwyer explains and there are now more than 1,500 non- provide insight taken from real-world domestic CHP installations across the UK. experiences in the application of CHP. A long-established CIBSE guide on applying CHP has been substantially Small-scale and micro-CHP updated to reflect the latest trends in energy Since the 1999 edition, there has been supply and demand. The structure of the significant commercial development of document, AM12: Combined Heat and smaller-sized CHP aimed at commercial Power for Buildings, has not altered greatly and residential applications. These systems from the 1999 version, but there has been have been designed specifically to provide a complete overhaul and replacement of longer running hours between servicing much of the material. and employ more sophisticated control The UK government has an expectation systems. that there can be a 34% reduction in CO2 At the larger end of this scale, high-speed emissions by 2035, with decarbonisation of micro-turbines have the benefit of longer the electricity supply playing a significant maintenance intervals than reciprocating part in this. The authors of the updated engines, so availability is higher and AM12 are confident that properly-applied maintenance costs lower. The guide CHP is a technology that can reduce explains that this benefit is at a cost of an emissions as well as being cost-effective to electrical efficiency that is generally lower implement in many applications. than the equivalent sized spark-ignition gas Comparing gas-fired central power engine. stations with localised CHP (employing Smaller, domestic applications (typically current technologies) the revised guide less than 5 kWe) that avoid the need for advises that there is a potential to save up the cost of some form of district heating to 22% of CO2 emissions, if the electricity are available. These are seen as potential and, crucially, the heat can be fully utilised. replacements for the domestic gas boiler, But it is only through this appropriate but the heat demands need to be carefully application of CHP that significant savings assessed to ensure the units run for on fuel and environmental emissions may significant parts of the year. be made. Buildings with a high year-round AM12 notes that these applications are

34 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp34-36 AM12•.indd 34 17/11/11 17:46:10 Combined heat and power 2 CIBSE guide Dimplex application

Smaller, domestic CHP based predominantly around the Stirling liquid biofuels and their application as an applications that avoid engine (a heat-driven engine) which, while energy source for CHP. This also includes the need for the cost of having lower efficiency than a spark- a succinct review of the opportunity for some form of district heating are available ignition engine, is well suited to the small integration of other renewable technologies outputs of an individual-dwelling CHP (solar thermal, photovoltaics, wind) with system with around 1 kWe output. CHP systems. The fuel cell-driven CHP system is This edition also includes an enhanced promoted as having the potential for a section on thermal storage being applied higher electrical efficiency than other types as a means of increasing the utilisation of CHP, and hence better CO2 and cost of CHP systems. The guide explains that savings; but AM12 notes that there are stored heat can reduce the use of associated continuing challenges to their deployment, boiler systems, while increasing the useful including initial costs, the short life of the and efficient peak load CHP running fuel cell stack, and the sheer physical size of hours. the system. The extra heat resource can be used both at times of low demand (when it would not Renewables and thermal storage be efficient to operate the CHP engine) and Reflecting a shift in the marketplace since during periods when the load is beyond the the 1999 edition, AM12 now has a separate maximum CHP capacity. Some guidance is section on ‘Renewable Fuels and CHP’. given on the sizing, design and installation Although relatively brief, it covers solid and of a complementary thermal store.

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 35

CIBSEdec11 pp34-36 AM12•.indd 35 17/11/11 17:46:36 Combined heat and power 1 CIBSE guide

included. AM12 also provides a snapshot of the current position of other influencing Baxi Senertec instruments, such as the Quality Assurance for Combined Heat and Power (CHPQA) scheme, the Climate Change Levy exemptions and the Climate Change Agreements.

Assessment and appraisal One of the key areas in the guide – and its longest section – is on ‘Feasibility Studies’. Although much of the technology in commercial CHP systems is considered mature and well tested, the variability of heat demands and the electricity supply network can make comparative feasibility studies demanding and problematic. This updated section provides a route through the methodical assessment of the technology to provide engineers with the information to produce a feasibility report that contains both technical specification The revised CIBSE guide Environmental and regulatory and life-cycle justification. It also provides includes the methodologies required to assess the requirements guidance on the structure of the resulting viability of CHP, its The regulatory requirements have feasibility report. procurement, installation, seen a significant overhaul since the Topics covered include: commissioning, operation and maintenance previous edition. Although much of l Data gathering requirements (loads and the technological guidance in AM12 is temperatures); applicable worldwide, the regulatory l Initial technical evaluation; commentary is specifically orientated l CHP performance and heat recovery towards the legislation that affects much of options; the UK (for example Part L of the Building l Optimum sizing of CHP (including Regulations and the London Plan). That software and models); is not to say that this legislative guidance l Integration with other technologies; is not being echoed across Europe and l Economic appraisal including sensitivity beyond, and so the mechanisms explored of results; and in this guide to assess compliance (or l Financing options. simply performance) should be usefully AM12 recognises the need for The authors of the updated adaptable to other global applications. the designer to have a reasonable AM12 are confident that As a result, AM12 now has new, separate understanding of the installation, operation properly applied CHP is a sections entitled ‘Environmental Impact of and maintenance needs of CHP systems. technology that can reduce CHP’ and ‘Legislation and Regulations that And so the later sections provide some emissions as well as being affect CHP’. Methods for the calculation detail of typical maintenance regimes that of CO2 and NOx emissions, together with are clearly underpinned by systematic cost-effective in many mitigation techniques, are included (as well processes of monitoring and recording. applications as for other environmental impacts, such as The guide is undoubtedly unique in that noise and vibration). it bridges the technological and operational The authors were very aware of the needs of applying successful CHP in debates published in CIBSE Journal over commercial and residential applications. the past year on the need for responsible However, its key strength is that it provides calculation techniques, so they endeavour an accessible and usable toolkit for the to illustrate robust methods showing designer when attempting to establish the that the potential variations in savings true benefit of CHP. will depend on the assumptions of which power stations are displaced by the CHP l Professor Tim Dwyer is a teaching fellow at operation. Universith College London. The new AM12 has been written by Paul Woods of AECOM. Phil Jones of the In addition to an overview of the related CIBSE CHP and Energy Performance Groups chaired legislative and planning needs, the the AM12 steering group. The guide is expected to be treatment of CHP by BREEAM and the published soon. To obtain a copy, visit www.cibse.org/bookshop Code for Sustainable Homes is also now

36 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

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www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 37

p37_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 37 16/11/11 13:28:34 3011101ee-Xylem-210x297-CIBSEJournal-UK.indd 1 10/12/11 2:54 PM Lighting special Gallery case study

illuminationArtful The design for the new Hepworth gallery aims to provide optimum light to show off the eponymous British sculptor’s works, as well as serving the needs of other, light-sensitive works. Florence Lam of Arup Lighting outlines the approach taken

ith buildings often housing priceless artwork and exhibits, conservation, security and protection are Wclearly paramount in the design of galleries and museums. Perhaps for many of these exhibits the best way to preserve them would be in a darkened room, but of course that would somewhat defeat the object of a gallery and it’s important that they are shown to their best advantage for the benefit of the visitor. With a long track record working with museums and galleries, design consultancy architectural lighting design with two Arup Lighting has been involved with goals: to conserve the gallery’s temporary projects ranging from the Victoria and exhibitions and to present Barbara Albert’s Medieval and Renaissance Galleries, Hepworth’s 44 original plaster sculptures through to the Malaga Picasso Museum, the literally in an optimum light. The lighting New Acropolis Museum in Athens and the design principle strikes a careful balance Brandhorst Museum in Germany. between the long-term conservation of The Hepworth Wakefield is one of the light-sensitive works and the visitors’ visual most recent that Arup has completed in needs. Arup aimed to ensure that each the UK, opening to the public in May 2011. space was designed within the established With an inspirational design by David international standards for limiting Chipperfield Architects, it is one of the illumination, but this was determined UK’s largest purpose-built art galleries in terms of the following cumulative outside of London. It displays the work light exposure (a measure which actually of sculptor Barbara Hepworth, as well determines the rate of deterioration of as the City of Wakefield’s art collection artwork): and exhibitions by contemporary artists, l Works on paper: 50 to 80 lux, or 150-240 throughout a cluster of discrete trapezoidal klux.hr rooms on the upper level. l Oil paintings: 200 to 250 lux, or 600-750 Arup delivered the natural and klux.hr

38 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp38-40 hepworth•.indd 38 17/11/11 18:05:16 Natural and architectural lighting are combined to show off Barbara Hepworth’s work at the new eponymous gallery

l Sculpture – painted (depending on type of the selection being partially dictated by paint): 80 to 250 lux, or 240-750 klux.hr conservation constraints. l Sculpture – natural finish: up to 800 lux, The process was begun by applying or up to 2,400 klux.hr regional historical weather data to the The brief required the design to bring the geometry of each room over the course outdoors in, so daylight can be experienced of a year to estimate the extent of daylight in the galleries. The lighting concept was exposure. Arup developed a methodology to use windows for the views, and skylights to assess how a particular geometry/ The team developed a to animate the space. The intention was fenestration arrangement responded to daylight mapbook, which to develop skylight and window designs daylight. Where the exposure exceeds gives a three-dimensional producing varied daylight distribution the allowable levels, shading systems are representation of the across each space, allowing works on paper used to optimise the light for particular annual exposure prediction to be displayed in darker areas, for example, scenarios. for each gallery and sculpture to be displayed nearer daylit To help the curators determine suitable areas expressing a coherent, curatorial locations for artwork with various light story. sensitivities, the team developed a daylight In other words, the space is asymmetric mapbook, which gives a three-dimensional in lighting terms, allowing the curator representation of the annual exposure the freedom to put relevant sensitive and prediction for each gallery. non-sensitive artwork together, rather than The strategically placed windows within

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 39

CIBSEdec11 pp38-40 hepworth•.indd 39 17/11/11 18:06:00 Lighting special Gallery case study

Daylight maps for the pre-1900 gallery the galleries create visual connections for lighting is provided to accommodate any under various skylight gallery visitors to the river and surrounding art location or wall configuration, allowing configurations landscape, while allowing people outside for flexibility in illuminating artwork to get glimpses of activity inside and displays. of collections on display. The windows The sloped ceiling posed a challenge as use transparent glazing with a clear UV it was problematic to design a recessed interlayer to protect sensitive works. Open- track layout that could ensure uniform weaved diffusing blinds of 20% lighting wallwashing and optimum incident transmittance are deployed on sunny days, lighting angles on wall-hung artwork. still maintaining the view outside. When Zumtobel’s Arcos IRC tungsten halogen the exhibition is closed, blackout blinds cut wallwashers with a special sculptural lens Hepworth out unnecessary light exposure. were specified to overcome this. A light- Gallery team The visitor experience is further reduction lens was added to reduce light enhanced by the play of light in the output, while keeping the colour at the Project: The £35 million galleries. At the taller end of each gallery, correct temperature to harmonise the cool Hepworth Wakefield art gallery houses 44 Barbara Hepworth discreet skylights create a daylit backdrop, daylight temperatures at one end with the sculptures and the work of other providing a ‘stage’ for the exhibition. warm (3,000K) tungsten halogen. local artists. The building is sited The skylights use laminated glass with a Arup adopted a minimalist approach to on the headland of the River Calder at the southern gateway diffusing interlayer that doubles as a UV the ground-floor lighting with Viabizzuno’s to the city, and comprises a filter. Adjustable louvres control daylight 094 system, customised to provide cluster of 10 trapezoidal blocks filtering through the skylights, creating a an integrated lighting and ventilation of different sizes, which form the glow at the top of the wall to draw the eye solution. Cool white T5 HO lamps create display spaces. All the galleries are on the upper level and have of visitors entering the room. These are crisp runs of parallel light lines across the natural lighting. adjusted seasonally, modulating higher ceiling for the entrance reception lobby, light levels between March and November, bookshop and café. Lighting design (daylight while maintaining the experience of The completed building, winner of and electric): Arup Lighting external lighting variation throughout the a British Design Award 2011, has had Architect: David Chipperfield day. an enthusiastic response from public Architects Electric lighting in the galleries and critics alike. In particular, The Lighting suppliers: comprises two lighting elements: Independent newspaper has described Zumtobel (Arcos spots with concealed cove lighting and track lighting. the galleries as ‘sublime spaces’ and The customised lenses); Viabizzuno As daylight fades at dusk, each skylight Hepworth Wakefield as ‘one of the finest (094 system customised to provide integrated lighting and is subtly illuminated with concealed T5 contemporary art museums in Europe’. ventilation solution on ground HO fluorescent luminaires, fitted with l Florence Lam is global practice leader for lighting floor) asymmetric reflectors to provide ambient design at Arup. www.arup.com/lighting lighting after dark. In addition, track

40 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp38-40 hepworth•.indd 40 17/11/11 18:06:26 www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 41

p41_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 41 16/11/11 13:29:29 Lighting special head to head

in light of the cost factor, I say... The project manager The project manager be based on the performance required, Steve Edouin rather than a particular manufacturer. and the lighting Although a picture giving a typical example designer can have very In commercial lighting, the front-of-house is also important, so that there can be no areas require an experienced independent confusion, when bidding it is important different perspectives on lighting designer to provide the best that manufacturers do not believe they are a lighting specification. options to complement the overall concept solely being specified for the project. design. On a few occasions, when two or three Steve Edouin and However, this requires a clear brief, manufacturers have provided conflicting Dominic Meyrick give and an understanding of how the concept or confusing information about their design will work with the final finishings. products, I have set up a competition using their respective views In my experience, this does not often either a separate – or the original – large on the price of value happen because the time constraints mock-up. Then, with a judging panel made involved in agreeing the overall build take up of designers and managers, we have engineering priority. evaluated the products to ensure the best Once the design team starts working choice is made. To me, the idea that there through the detailed design, the structure should only be one bespoke manufacturer and envelope are first on the priority list for a particular design implies a flawed to ensure the project can be progressed. design process. Within a typical three-year, start-to-finish The electrical contractor is often on programme, the first-pass designs for the board before the final lighting designs for front-of-house areas are usually available the front-of-house areas are available. To after the first six months. ensure the value of provisional items is kept Building a set of mock-ups is very to a minimum, it helps to provide a basic important, and well worth the time and cost design, plus an indication of the number of involved to ensure the client is clear what to points and the method of control, enabling expect of the finished article. The mock-up the engineering designer to set out the is also used to flush out coordination and wiring installation. This price can then be buildability issues. firmed up at tender stage, with only the When the lighting designer is providing actual luminaires being a provisional item. his scope and specification, it should To keep a project on budget throughout

42 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp42-44 lighting value•.indd 42 17/11/11 18:06:58 The lighting designer Dominic Meyrick

You design what you believe will be a triumph of lighting design and then issue the specification. But then the rumours begin and the phrase ‘VE exercise’ starts to appear on email trails. VE exercises are usually carried out at the end of a project, just before final orders are placed, and normally respond to a budget crisis across a number of disciplines. By this time the exercise can only be harmful to the final visual impression of the space and, though it might save money, the hard work and fees spent on designer input are likely to be compromised. Semantics are always important, and it is worth considering the words that make up the phrase. Value is, according to Oxford Dictionary, ‘the regard that something is held to deserve the importance, worth, or usefulness of something’. However, add ‘engineering’ and it becomes: ‘The modification of designs and systems according to value analysis.’ Gordon Ramsay’s Bread the whole design, procurement and Street Kitchen at One In the 11 years I have worked as an installation processes require constant New Change, London. independent lighting designer, I can only evaluation. This often means progression Hoare Lea Lighting remember two projects where specified viewed the bespoke LED from concept to the actual design, and the products as necessary luminaires were changed. In both instances selection of equipment requires some hard to meet the requirement this was to do with the supply chain and, in decisions. But when we talk about hard for energy efficient both cases, the final lit impression suffered downlights, saying it decisions this should not be confused with would not have been as a consequence. ‘panic cuts’, or value engineering (VE), possible to use halogen As independent lighting designers we which can occur when projects run out technology due to energy have a distinct advantage – the very fact restrictions of money. This type of VE will affect the that we have been hired and that our input overall scheme, and the outcome can only is deemed worthy of a fee shows that be down to poor financial planning at the the lighting design is important, so why concept stage. should it be ignored? This is a cornerstone For correct decisions to be made, the conversation for the lighting design whole design team must be well organised industry, as it is hired to ensure that the and set out clearly what is needed to lit environment ‘looks good’. Switching provide the final visual experience of product effectively means that we get paid working within and visiting the building. for lighting design input on a project, but This process may well produce ‘must then are absolved of responsibility if the have’ and ‘would like to have’ lists, which end scheme looks rubbish because: ‘You can then be finally agreed with the project changed our spec. What can we do?’ management team and end user. In my view, there are five basic values In conclusion, lighting is a very small that apply and it is my job to determine part of the overall building services which of these is most important to my package, but it has a large interface with the ‘Panic’ VE can occur when client. These are: money, time, visual end-user and is a key factor in the overall projects run out of money, impression, user satisfaction and quality. effect of the building. Unfortunately, this is and can only be down to This last value can be split into two not always appreciated. subsections – quality of light and quality of poor financial planning at product. Now, when we hear the term VE, l Steve Edouin is project manager with Canary the concept stage Wharf Contractors we almost immediately assume it is the – Steve Edouin cost of the specified products that is under

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 43

CIBSEdec11 pp42-44 lighting value•.indd 43 18/11/11 15:52:51 Lighting special head to head

The result of a contractor scrutiny but, in my experience, it is often a designer is being paid to take design changing this uplight combination of some, or all, of the above. responsibility for the products he or she specification was fittings filled with water (right). VE as it applies to cost (money) value is has specified, not fittings that other design The supplier also the most common, as budgets are always team members have selected. provided different colour tight. Time value can come from specified Finally, the quality factors of light and temperature lamps products being delayed in the factory and product must be considered by the whole contractors wanting to find alternatives. VE design team to ensure the lighting design with regard to visual impression might be approach is appropriate, and therefore summed up by the client wanting to know hopefully avoiding questions such as: if those ‘feature’ light fittings are really ‘Why would you not light that 3D element, necessary. Attention to user satisfaction bearing in mind the client is spending that value usually increases – rather than much on it?’ decreases – the light specification, with This may all seem obvious, but I am items such as dimming control. amazed how many projects I see under VE Finally, quality is often driven by a pressure in their final stages because these VE is part of the number of design team members, with fundamental questions were not asked at construction business and the visual appearance of the product itself the beginning of the project. we need to engage with usually paramount to the 3D designers, We may be absolved of responsibility, but and the light quality most important to a VE exercise at the end of a project that it and really understand the lighting designers and end user. So VE affects the lighting does not leave a good the client and the project may mean questioning one or all of these taste in the mouth – as designers we want drivers – Dominic Meyrick criteria – not just the capital cost of the the space to look as we intended it. specified lighting products. VE is part of the construction business The next question is how to defend and we need to engage with it. By making against VE. In my experience, lighting is sure we really understand the client and always under review and therefore knowing the project drivers – by asking pertinent the client and the project drivers from the questions and explaining the lighting start is critical. design principles we apply – we have the It is also essential to clarify what is non- best possible chance of maintaining the negotiable in design terms – that is, agree scheme’s integrity. This is, after all, likely to what can go well before the final design be the best outcome for everyone, including stages – and it is important to remember the client, the design team and the end- that VE exercises happen after the final user. specification has been issued. It should be l Dominic Meyrick is lighting principal-partner at emphasised that design payment equals Hoare Lea Lighting design responsibility, and the lighting

44 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

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p45_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 45 16/11/11 13:30:09 In a new

The new edition of the ow on his fifth version, Peter committee, and also involving Peter Boyce lightRaynham is something of and John Fitzpatrick on this edition, Code for Lighting has a veteran when it comes to the Code is essentially a digest of all the radical changes but how updating the Code for Lighting, standards relevant to lighting practice in Nan exercise that has to be undertaken rather the UK. will they be interpreted more often nowadays, to keep pace with But as a publication it is not as reactive this time? Jill Entwistle fast-moving developments in everything as that implies. ‘There is a hard core of from technology to energy legislation. It material there which is digested from talks to its author, used to be revised every seven or eight years about five or six key standards – we’ve Peter Raynham but since 2002, his first one as author/ got to reference all the standards because editor, it has been every two or three. somebody could chase people up for that. ‘There are so many moving targets out But then it’s got all the underpinning of there,’ he says. ‘For example, Part L of the what all those things actually mean. Building Regulations is going to change in ‘While we might give a value – for 2013, having last been revised in 2010. So example, you need 50 lux on the wall 2014 will need a new Code for that reason and 30 lux on the ceiling – we’re saying alone. Others are in the pipeline – the that would be a reasonable number but road lighting standard is currently being really you should be doing better. There reviewed; there’s a European daylighting are little bits of text peppered through in standard on the way.’ a commentary to the standard. The aim Produced by the Society of Light and is to push forward the quality of our lit Lighting’s (SLL) technical and publications environment.’ The new edition of the Code for Lighting has 46 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com radical changes but how will they be interpreted this time? Jill Entwistle talks to author Peter CIBSEdec11 pp46-48 code•.indd 46 17/11/11 18:10:51 Raynham Lighting special SLL CODE

SLL Code: key changes

Lighting requirements l Each task now has its own uniformity requirement l There is now a requirement for a background illuminance l There is a requirement for illuminance on the walls and ceiling, although the levels are below that recommended by the SLL l There is a requirement to provide a certain amount of As Raynham points out, not only is the have what I guess is probably a finger in the semi-cylindrical illuminance in intention to promote good practice over and wind value and we will know in five years’ all spaces to make it possible above the standard, but also the SLL is very time whether it’s a good value to use or not. for people to see each other’s involved in pushing for the standards in the At least introducing it is a start. faces first place. ‘The place where it’s most important, Content and appearance The latest edition, however, is not just and where it will have its biggest impact, The new revised edition of an update of the 2009 version, according is probably schools, where you have to the SLL Code for Lighting is to Raynham. ‘This time it’s a real rethink. have good communications between the significantly different to previous editions, both in content and in Basically we took what we had, tore it teachers and the pupils. Secondly, meeting format. The Code in book form up and started again.’ Because it reflects rooms and offices and those sorts of will now have a similar format the changes to BS EN 12464-1, it now spaces.’ to the SLL Lighting Handbook, introduces mean cylindrical illuminance There are two drivers for rethinking the which now covers some material traditionally covered by the Code values and shifts the emphasis to lighting working space: lighting quality (lighting – all the old material relating to for the specific task (see theJournal , for people) and energy efficiency. While lighting equipment and lighting September 2011, page 34). the phrase ‘working plane’ has not been design, for example – so that ‘The most radical change is the mentioned in a Code since 1994, the the two together will become the definitive lighting reference. requirement for cylindrical illuminance preoccupation with throwing a blanket in offices and buildings in general,’ says of 500 lux over a space persists, despite Raynham. the fact that it is wasteful and pointless. ‘Classically we would talk purely about Raynham hopes the new direction will lighting visual tasks and now we’ve realised finally, if slowly, put paid to it. that we have to look at people in offices. We ‘The other thing that we’ve emphasised,

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 47

CIBSEdec11 pp46-48 code•.indd 47 17/11/11 18:11:06 Lighting special SLL code James Newton

Above: Atrium, City of Westminster Academy (lighting by Happold Lighting): according to Raynham learning which has always been in the Code but just end up mediocre. Everyone knows that environments, where good communications between never stated explicitly, is that you shouldn’t you have to go that extra mile with a bit of teachers and puplis are essential, are where the new Code will have most impact. light a working plane. The phrase is only flair and creativity to make a really nicely lit used in this new edition to say that this space. Lighting design by numbers alone Right: Grimshaw’s The St Botolph Building (lighting by Code doesn’t recognise the working plane. will only produce an inferior result.’ Speirs and Major): ‘Everyone knows that you have to go that extra mile with a bit of flair and creativity to make a It is gone, don’t use it. Raynham acknowledges, however, the really nicely lit space,’ says Raynham. ‘My guess is that it’s going to be a culture inherent paradox of aiming at the non- shift for the industry but the payback is specialist who, by definition, might get the that it halves your energy use. If you’re wrong end of the stick. There is apparently not lighting every square inch of an office no accounting for the perversity of people to 500 lux, think what and the bits they latch that does to the energy on to. consumption. Obviously This time it’s a real ‘What always worries you’ve got to light desks rethink. Basically me when I’m writing a and the area round them Code is that somebody to a reasonable level, but we took what we is going to extract three quarters of the entire had, tore it up and selectively from it some space needs only be to 150 started again weird and wonderful or 200 lux – the energy bits and pieces, and just saving is massive.’ use that for box ticking. You will always As with BS EN 12464-1, there will get a strange bit of any SLL document like Peter Raynham says he perhaps be detractors who think the Code, this picked up. When we wrote LG3 we is concerned that people extract selectively from and standards generally, don’t go far said how important it is to get all the wall the Code enough. Or that lighting specialists don’t surfaces bright and, by the way, if you have need them and we should do away with this sort of screen, it’s sensible to limit your them altogether. luminaire luminance at certain angles. The point, argues Raynham, is that they What emerged was the awful Cat 2 system. are aimed not at the lighting professional ‘Why one particular paragraph may hit but at the non-specialist in the hope of the mood or not of the lighting users I don’t avoiding the worst excesses of the inexpert, know. I’ve tried in writing it to make sure and ‘to make sure the clients have some that they get an overall rounded view and vague ideas of what they might be letting know that they are only supposed to light themselves in for’. these particular tasks, but how people will He adds: ‘When we think of what the choose to abuse it I can’t say.’ role of the Code is, it’s actually to stop bad lighting rather than to promote good l The new SLL Code for Lighting will be lighting. If you just follow the Code you launched in early 2012. ‘Follow the Code’ is won’t do anything terrible, but it might on 13 December at the RSA www.sll.org.uk

48 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

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p50_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 50 16/11/11 14:17:13 CPD Programme

Professional development The CIBSE Journal CPD Programme Members of the Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) and other professional bodies are required to maintain their professional competence throughout their careers. Continuing professional development (CPD) means the systematic maintenance, improvement and broadening of your knowledge and skills, and is therefore a long-term commitment to enhancing your competence. CPD is a requirement of both CIBSE and the Register of the Engineering Council (UK). CIBSE Journal is pleased to offer this module in its CPD programme. The programme is free and can be used by any reader. This module will help you to meet CIBSE’s requirement for CPD. It will equally assist members of other institutions, who should record CPD activities in accordance with their institution’s guidance. Simply study the module and complete the questionnaire on the final page, following the instructions for its submission. Modules will be available online at www.cibsejournal.com/cpd while the information they contain remains current. You can also complete the questionnaire online, and receive your results by return email.

Fans for ducted ventilation systems

This module looks at centrifugal and axial fans used for ducted ventilation systems and considers selected aspects, including their characteristics and operational attributes

The two common fan types used in building Peak total Fan type efficiency % l services for ducted systems are generically v xia ane a Possibly referred to as centrifugal and axial fans – the Aerofoil 88 unstable urved backward c Safe name deriving from the defining direction aerofoil Backward curved 84 of air flow through the fan. These two working Centrifugal ranges f types are themselves split into a number Backward inclined 80 orward curved c of subtypes that have been developed to entrifugal Forward curved 70 axi provide particular volume flow/pressure al characteristics, as well as other operational Vane axial 86 pressure Total Axial attributes (including size, noise, vibration, Tube axial 75 cleanability, maintainability and robustness). This CPD unit will consider selected aspects Mixed flow 75 of these fans, and to complement the article Volume flow there is much good-quality detailed material Table 1: US and European published peak fan Figure 1: Generic fan curves. Real fans can differ freely available (see list at the end of this efficiency data for fans >600mm in diameter widely from these simplified curves article). This article will attempt to include of instability that are due to hunting, where that acts to direct the moving air and areas that may not typically be in many of the fan can flip between two possible efficiently convert the kinetic energy to the other general sources. flowrates at the same pressure or as a static pressure. To move more air, the Some of the more frequently consequence of the fan stalling (see Stalling fan can be designed with a ‘double width encountered types of fan used in HVAC of air flow box). Manufacturers should also double inlet’ impeller, allowing air to enter are listed in Table 1, together with identify preferred ‘safe’ working ranges in on both sides of the casing. indicative peak efficiencies that have been their literature. There are a number of shapes of blades collected1 from data published by a range that can make up the impeller, with the of US and European manufacturers. In Centrifugal fans main types being forward curved and addition to these, the ‘plug’ fan (that is With centrifugal fans, the air enters backward curved – the shape of the blade actually a variant of the centrifugal fan) has the impeller along its axis, then it is will determine its performance, potential seen rising popularity in recent years. discharged radially from the impeller with efficiency and the shape of the characteristic Characteristic fan curves are shown in the centrifugal motion. These fans are fan curve. The other factors that will affect Figure 1. These are exaggerated, idealised capable of generating both high pressures the fan’s efficiency are the width of the curves, and real fans may well differ from and high volume flowrates. The majority impeller wheel, the clearance space between these; however, they are likely to exhibit of traditional centrifugal fans are enclosed the inlet cone and the rotating impeller, similar attributes. This includes the areas in a scroll type housing (as in Figure 2) and the area used the discharge the air

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 51

CIBSEdec11 pp51-54 CPD.indd 51 17/11/11 17:48:07 Fan Forward curved centrifugal fans discharge casing Forward curved fans are characterised by a large number of forward curved blades. As they typically produce lower pressures, they are smaller, lighter and cheaper than the equivalent powered backward curved fan. As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, this type of fan impeller will include 20-plus blades that can be as simple as being formed from Fan inlet a single metal sheet. Improved efficiencies are obtained in larger sizes with individual formed blades. The air leaves the blade tips with a high tangential velocity, and this kinetic energy must be converted to static pressure in the casing – this detracts from Fan the efficiency. They are typically used for Impeller discharge low to medium air volumes at low pressure Figure 2: Centrifugal fan in scroll casing, with a backward inclined impeller (Source: CIBSE TM42:2006) (normally <1.5kPa), and have a relatively low efficiency of below 70%. The scroll casing is particularly important to achieve the best efficiency, as the air leaves the tip of the blades at high velocity and is used to effectively convert the kinetic energy into static pressure. They run at low rotational BackBackwardward curved blades BackBackwardward inclined blades BackwardBackward inclined aerofoil blades RadialRadial blades blades ForwardForward curved curved blades speeds and, hence, mechanical generated curved blades inclined blades inclined aerofoil blades noise levels tend to be less than higher- blades speed backward curved fans. The fan has Figure 3: Illustration of centrifugal fan impellers an overloading power characteristic when from the fan (the so-called ‘blast area’). and can readily employ the more substantial operating against low system resistances. This type of fan has been traditionally aerofoil profiled blades. Slim impellers These fans are not suitable where, for driven by a motor with a belt and will show little benefit from using aerofoils example, the air is heavily contaminated pulley arrangement. However, with so tend to use flat plate blades. Backward with dust or carries entrained grease the improvement in electronic speed curved fans are particularly noted for droplets. controls and the increased availability their capacity to produce high pressures of electronically commutated (‘EC’ or combined with low noise, and have a non- Radial bladed centrifugal fans brushless) motors, direct drives are overloading power characteristic – this The radial bladed centrifugal fan has the becoming more frequently used. This not means that as the resistance reduces in benefit of being able to move contaminated only removes the inefficiencies inherent a system and the flowrate increases the air particles and at high pressures (in the in a belt drive (that may be anything from power drawn by the electrical motor will order of 10kPa) but, running at high speeds, 2% to more than 10%, depending on reduce. The construction of backward it is very noisy and inefficient (<60%) and maintenance2) but is also likely to lessen curved fans is likely to be more robust and so should not be used for general purpose vibration, reduce maintenance (fewer rather heavier than the less efficient forward HVAC. It also suffers from an overloading bearings and cleaning requirements) and curved fan. The relatively slow air velocity power characteristic – as the system make the assembly more compact. of the air across the blades can allow the resistance is reduced (maybe by volume accumulation of contaminants (such as dust control dampers opening), the motor power Backward curved centrifugal fans and grease). will rise and, depending on the motor size, Backward curved (or ‘inclined’) fans are may possibly ‘overload’. characterised by blades that tilt away from the direction of rotation. They can reach Plug fans efficiencies of towards 90% when using Instead of being mounted in a scroll aerofoil blades, as shown in Figure 3, or with casing, these purpose-designed centrifugal plain blades shaped in three dimensions, impellers can be used directly in the casing and slightly less when using plain curved of the air-handling unit (or, indeed, in any blades, and less again when using simple duct or plenum), and their initial cost is flat plate backward inclined blades. The air likely to be lower than housed centrifugal leaves the tips of the impeller at relatively fans. Known as ‘plenum’, ‘plug’ or simply low velocity, so the friction losses within ‘unhoused’ centrifugal fans, these can the casing are low and air-generated noise provide some space advantages but at the is also low. They may stall at the extremes price of lost operating efficiency (with the of the operating curve. Relatively wider Figure 4: Forward curved centrifugal fan with best efficiencies being similar to that for impellers will provide greatest efficiencies, integral motor (Source: EBMpapst) housed forward curved centrifugal fans).

52 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp51-54 CPD.indd 52 17/11/11 17:48:20 CPD Programme

The fans will draw air in through the inlet channels and then passed axially through cone (in the same way as a housed fan) the straightening guide vanes. The but then discharge the air radially around combined action can produce pressure the whole 360° outer circumference of the far higher than is possible with other axial impeller. They can provide a great flexibility flow fans. Efficiencies and noise levels can of outlet connections (from the plenum), be similar to those of a backward curve meaning that there may be less need for centrifugal fan. adjacent bends or sharp transitions in the ductwork that would themselves add Stalling the air flow to the system pressure drop (and, hence, The stall in a fan can be thought of as additional fan power). Overall system a condition where the flow patterns in efficiency may be improved by using bell Figure 5: Example of direct driven plug fan with the impellers are such that air will not mouth entries to the ducts leaving the backward curved blades (Source: Fläkt Woods) be effectively and consistently moved plenum. One of the benefits of the plug through the fan. At this point, the flow fan is its improved acoustic performance, and the surrounding case, and the swirl becomes unstable and can manifest largely resulting from the sound absorption recovery. The pitch of the blade can be itself in a number of ways including within the plenum and the lack of ‘direct altered to efficiently vary the fan’s output. vibrating fans and ductwork, rumbling sight’ paths from the impeller into the By reversing the rotation of axial fans, the noise in ductwork, and possibly some mouth of the ductwork. The efficiency will airflow can also be reversed – although resonance that makes the ductwork be very dependent on the fan’s location the fan will be designed to work in the physically pulse. Continued operation in within the plenum and the relationship principal direction. stall can damage bearings and damage of the fan to its outlet – the plenum being The characteristic curve for axial fans the fan itself. Stall conditions can be used to convert the kinetic energy in the has a stall region that can make them averted through appropriate matching air and so increase the static pressure. unsuitable for systems with a widely of fan to system – in many fans this Substantially different performance and varying range of operating conditions, means keeping the fan operating point different stabilities of operation will depend although they have the benefit of a non- so that it is to the right (that is, greater on the impeller type – mixed flow impellers overloading power characteristic. volume flow) of the point of peak (providing a combination of radial and Vane axial fans can be as efficient as efficiency. However, the type of stall and axial flow) have been used to overcome backward curved centrifugal fans, and are the solutions will vary depending on fan flow problems resulting from the strong able to produce high flows at reasonable type – the Eurovent document 1/11 Fans radial air flow pattern created using simple pressures (typically around 2kPa), although and System Stall: Problems and Solutions centrifugal impellers3. they are likely to create more noise. provides excellent coverage of this area. For smaller units, their compact design The mixed flow fan is a development is often complemented through the use of of the axial fan and, as shown in Figure 8, The installation of the fan readily controllable EC motors. has a conical shaped impeller where air The efforts to provide an effective fan is drawn radially through the expanding solution may be severely undermined by Axial fans the relationship between the fan and the In axial flow fans, the air passes through local ducted pathways for the air – this will the fan in line with the axis of rotation be discussed in a future CPD article. (as shown in the simple tube axial fan © Tim Dwyer 2011 of Figure 6) – the pressurisation being produced by aerodynamic lift (similar For further reading in this area see: to an aircraft wing). These can be CIBSE Fan application guide (CIBSE TM42: comparatively compact, low cost and 2006) – available for free access for CIBSE lightweight, particularly suited to moving Figure 6: A tube axial flow fan(Source: GPG383) members through the CIBSE Knowledge air against relatively low pressures, so Portal. are frequently used in extract systems ASHRAE HVAC Handbook 2008, Chapter 20. where the pressure drops are lower than GPG383 Good Practice Guide: Energy supply systems – the supply normally savings in fans and fan systems – freely including the pressure drop of all the downloadable from www.carbontrust.co.uk air conditioning components in the air For an excellent discussion of ‘stall’ see handling unit. When the air leaves a EUROVENT 1/11 Fans and System Stall: simple axial fan, it will be swirling due to Figure 7: A vane axial flow fan(Source: GPG383) Problems and Solutions – free download the rotation imparted on the air as it passes www.eurovent-association.eu through the impeller – the performance of the fan may be improved significantly References by downstream guide vanes to recover 1. Murphy, J. ‘Selecting Efficient Fans’,ASHRAE Journal, April 2010. the swirl, as in the vane axial fan shown 2. Carbon Trust CTV016 ‘Motor Drive Technology in Figure 7. The efficiency of an axial Overview’, Carbon Trust 2007. fan is affected by the shape of the blade, 3. Coward, C. ‘Unhoused (Plug/Plenum) Fans: Is Their Performance Predictable?’, ASHRAE Journal, the distance between the tip of the blade Figure 8: Mixed flow inline fan(Source: GPG383) October 1997.

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CIBSEdec11 pp51-54 CPD.indd 53 17/11/11 17:48:31 CPD Programme Module 35 December 2011

1. From the data referred to in the article, which of the following is Name (please print)...... likely to have the highest peak total efficiency? Job title...... A Aerofoil centrifugal fan

B Backward curved centrifugal fan Organisation...... C Backward inclined centrifugal fan D Forward curved centrifugal fan Address...... E Tube axial centrifugal fan ......

2. What is the principal purpose of the scroll casing in a centrifugal ...... fan?

A To act as a safety device Postcode...... B To convert the kinetic energy into static pressure Email ...... C To enhance the appearance of the fan D To ensure the inlet air is scrolled into the inlet Are you a member of: E To maximise the air’s exit velocity CIBSE 3. How might the overall efficiency of a backward curved impeller If so, please state your membership number plug fan installation be improved?

A Increase its speed (if available)...... B Make the impeller forward curved C Remove the scroll casing Other institution D Use bell mouth outlets leading into the ducts from the (please state)...... plenum E Stop the air leaving the fan impeller radially To help us develop future CPD modules, please indicate your 4. Which one of these is most likely to be true about axial primary job activity: configuration fans? Building services engineer A As the air leaves the fan, the swirling air will automatically Mechanical engineer straighten due to the fan rotation Electrical engineer B They are particularly known for high-pressure high flowrate Commissioning engineer applications Energy manager C They have a particularly stable flow pattern across all Facilities manager flowrates Other (please give details)...... D Air is unlikely to flow if the rotation of the fan is reversed E The mixed flow fan will produce higher pressures than a By entering your details above, you agree that CIBSE may contact you from time to time with plain axial fan information about CPD and other training or professional development programmes, and about membership of CIBSE if you are not currently a member. 5. Which of these is LEAST likely to be a manifestation of a regularly stalled fan? Please go to www.cibsejournal.com/cpd to complete this A Vibration from the fan questionnaire online. You will receive notification by email of B Damaged bearings successful completion, which can then be used to validate your CPD records in accordance with your institution’s guidance. C Stable air flow D Pulsing ductwork Alternatively, you can fill in this page and post it to: . E Palmer, CIBSE, 222 Balham High Road, London, SW12 9BS E Rumbling noise

54 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

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DIRECTORY

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Manufacturer of high quality bespoke AHU’s and fan coils. Specialists in refurbishment and site assembly projects. Expedient delivery service available. Aircraft Air Handling Ltd Your Unit 20, Moorfi eld Ind Est, Cotes Heath, Stafford, ST21 6QY all round Tel: 01782 791545 Fax: 01782 791283 Email: [email protected] Web: www.aircraftairhandling.com solution provider

Energy Effi ciency for air conditioning and refrigeration Extensive stock available for collection or timed Ground Source Heat Pump delivery from branches across the UK including: Aberdeen, Glasgow, Gateshead, Manchester, Installations Birmingham, Heathrow, Crayford and Fareham Meeting Renewables Targets

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www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 55

Groenholland 5x2.indd 1 27/1/09 09:40:29

p55_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 55 16/11/11 14:21:17 Advertisement Feature

..… PUMP NEWSFLASH ..… PUMP NEWSFLASH ….. PUMP NEWSFLASH …..

Changes to legislation will affect your pump selection options

So what are the 10 things you need to know? • There is a new EuP/ErP Directive that affects circulator pumps and motors • From 1st January 2013 the EU standalone circulator market is changing • The eco-design requirements for glandless standalone circulators (laid down in Commission Regulation No 641/2009 of 22 July 2009) will now be a part of the Declaration of Conformity (CE) • As of 1st January 2013: glandless standalone circulators must have an EEI of no more than 0.27 On 1st August 2015 that drops to 0.23. This criteria will be integrated into the CE label • The MAGNA family meets all of these criteria – today

• In terms of the European motor market a new IE standard (International Effi ciency class) replaces all current national standards, including the European EFF system and the US NEMA system (see below) • From 16 June 2011, all motors above 0.55kW needed to meet the IE2 standard (minimum) IE3 NEMA Premium • From January 1st 2015, all 7.5kW EFF1 IE2 NEMA EPact – 375kW motors must meet the

ciency Level ciency IE3 standard, or meet the IE2 EFF2 IE1

Effi standard and be equipped with a variable frequency drive (VFD) • By 2017, all 0.75 – 375kW motors must meet the IE3 standard or meet the IE2 standard and be equipped with a variable frequency drive (VFD) • pumps and motors already meet these requirements today.

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Grundfos FP Adv.indd 56 16/11/11 14:25:06 products & services Telephone: 020 7324 2763 Email: [email protected]

Elta Fans handles the hard stuff in NG Bailey, along with a BIFLOW bifurcated new whisky bottling plant axial fan, specially developed for handling Elta Fans, Kingswinford-based Building hostile air conditions, designed so that the Services division, has supplied a number throughput totally by-passes the motor, of fans for the new bottling plant of one of avoiding any possible detrimental effect. In Scotland’s premier manufacturers of single addition, a Skyflow SSMF and two Revolution malt whiskies. Six ‘Quietflow’ twin DCVs were SLCs were also supplied. provided for the ventilation project by Elta l For more information visit www.eltafans.com Fans’ distributor, VHS, to subcontractors or call 01384 275800 E.ON chooses the Evinox ModuSat heat interface unit E.ON is one of the UK’s largest power and Celebrating two decades of CableCalc level P with a gas companies, generating electricity, and free version of new twin and earth calculations retailing power and gas to millions of customers To celebrate 20 years of CableCalc, Castline Systems has released nationwide. The company is now moving into a new, free version of its popular CableCalc program, which will the supply of energy utilising communal heat calculate single phase radial and ring circuits wired in twin and earth networks and has chosen Evinox as its preferred cable. It even includes free technical support by email. CableCalc supplier for the heat interface units. From its level P is a fully working, unlimited use version and provides far more detailed analysis, E.ON established that the than just simple volt drop calculations. CableCalc level P can be Evinox ‘ModuSat’ unit is the best solution for downloaded from www.castlinesystems.com free of charge. its district heating projects, where customer l For more information call 01293 871751 or visit satisfaction over the long term is vital. www.castlinesystems.com l For more information visit www.evinox.co.uk or call 01372 722277

CPD best practice guide on building ventilation published Gripple responds to continued growth Mitsubishi Electric has released a new CPD- and product diversification Accredited guide to Part F of the UK’s Building Sheffield’s Regulations. The free guide gives readers Gripple, the the latest globally successful information and multi about regulation award-winning changes manufacturer to building of unique wire ventilation. The joiners, maintains guide looks its phenomenal Sirius Products’ canopy containment at the types growth, offers technology improves kitchen air quality of ventilation a 2,000-strong Filtration and air-management specialists Sirius systems product range, has Products has developed a range of canopies available, to created a third specialist division and appointed designed to improve the containment-efficiency help remove Matthew Hutchinson as marketing manager. of the hood by up to 15%. This system delivers a moist and stale Hutchinson optimises the versatile marketing constant stream of high-pressure, low-volume air from homes activities of both time-honoured product air directly into the canopy itself, creating a and offices. A section of the 2010 Updates to managers and support teams, to promote the negative pressure along the front lower edge. Part F focuses on the long-term sustainability of products and help develop additional innovative Consequently, the rising convective heat and mechanical ventilation. Overall, the guide looks products within the established agricultural and smoke created by cooking processes is drawn at the suitability, effectiveness and efficiency of industrial divisions. Gripple Seismic is the latest into the hood and towards the high-efficiency powered ventilation systems. division, which Hutchinson is also tasked with grease filters, leaving a pleasant, productive and l For more information visit expanding, utilising the matchless resources smoke-free kitchen environment. www.livingenvironmentalsystems. within the Gripple ‘family’. l For more information visit mitsubishielectric.co.uk. For a copy of the guide l For more information visit www.gripple.com www.siriusproducts.co.uk or call 01707 299339 email [email protected] or call 0114 275 2255

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 57

CIBSEdec11 pp57-61 products.indd 57 18/11/11 10:00:15 products & services Telephone: 020 7324 2763 Email: [email protected]

Design innovation on Flasteel stainless steel radiators give 17% extra heat Manufacturer, retailer and distributor of designer radiators and heated towel rails, Geyser Ltd, has developed its Flasteel range Prysmian – safe racing for of flat panel, Commonwealth Games stainless steel More than 50,000 metres of Prysmian FP200 radiators to give Gold and FP600S have been installed in the Sir an additional 17% Chris Hoy Velodrome, part of the National Indoor extra BTUs of heat Sports Arena and Velodrome (NISA) in Glasgow. output. It has also The Velodrome will contain a 250m high-banked created much more flexibility in the range by wooden cycle track and an infield area for the introducing new Landscape and Electric Models cycling events at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. of these radiators, which it never offered before. The contractor used Prysmian’s FP200 Gold and These two benefits are the result of a unique FP600S cables to supply essential services within new collector bar introduced on the rear of the the Velodrome, including the emergency lighting, radiator, due to research and development by fire alarms and the PA system. Geyser. A world of arts apart – MHS Boilers at l For more information visit l For more information visit www.geyser.co.uk Edinburgh Festival Centre www.prysmian.co.uk or call 023 8029 5029 or call 01204 695387 Staff and visitors to The Hub, Edinburgh’s Festival Centre on the Royal Mile, are benefiting from efficient heating, thanks to three ADI-NOx Wandsworth switches UK onto Jung’s sleek styling LT 150kW boilers and a Pisces pressurisation unit Specifiers looking for a stylish and subtle approach to lighting – all supplied by MHS Boilers. The installation switches and dimmers can now select from the Jung was part of the complete refurbishment of the ‘A Creation’ range, available from The Wandsworth Group, heating system in the 19th century Grade A-listed Jung’s exclusive UK distributor. A range of minimalist, building. The installers were Paisley-based Taylor translucent frames designed to complement any interior, the and Fraser Ltd, which has a long established ‘A Creation’ line combines German quality with contemporary and unrivalled reputation for working in historic styling to provide a wide range of colour and finish buildings. Arup provided the M&E consultant combinations. The range can be used to create a statement look engineers for the project. or to blend seamlessly into the interior design of a property. l For more information visit l For more information visit www.mhsboilers.com or call 01268 546700 www.wandsworthgroup.com or call 01483 713400

Pittsburgh Corning launches insulation guide Pittsburgh Corning, the manufacturer of FOAMGLAS insulation, has re-released the Underground Structures guide TROX Air Handling Units help in PDF format due Dublin Airport’s energy efficiency to overwhelming ambitions take place demand. It is JS Humidifiers achieves bronze Displacement air terminal units from TROX are designed to provide investors in people award helping the new Terminal 2 at Dublin Airport to architects and JS Humidifiers has recently achieved the bronze achieve outstanding levels of energy efficiency. structural engineers standard Investors in People award. This puts JS The units are housed in stunning purpose- with an easy-to-follow directory of insulation in the top 7% of organisations that gain Investors designed stainless steel grilles that enhance solutions. With clear indexing, case studies In People, as it requires the company to go above the aesthetic effects created by the architect. and illustrations, it provides a definitive guide and beyond the normal procedures for employee In addition, the 75,000 sq m terminal uses to the specification process. The Underground development. Steve Verney, managing director, approximately two thirds less energy compared Structures guide explores external and internal said: ‘An important part of JS Humidifiers’ to other equivalent buildings. The visually striking insulation to underground walls, insulating floor success has always been to support and develop new terminal has been created for Dublin Airport slabs with trip footings, insulation over floor our staff. We are very proud to be one of the few Authority (DAA) by a design team, including slabs, insulation under foundation rafts and low- companies to receive the added recognition of Arup, Mace and architects Pascall+Watson. temperature applications. achieving the bronze standard.’ l For more information visit l For more information visit l For more information visit www.troxuk.co.uk or call 01842 754545 www.foamglas.co.uk or visit 0118 950 0655 www.jshumidifiers.com or call 01903 850200

58 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp57-61 products.indd 58 18/11/11 10:02:21 products & services Telephone: 020 7324 2763 Email: [email protected]

Integra multi-functional units with simultaneous heating and cooling DuPont improves energy efficiency of from Climaveneta the new iCon Innovation Centre Climaveneta now provides simultaneous heating When a new icon of architecture is dedicated and cooling, multi-functional outdoor units over in both design and function to the purpose of 900kW. The Integra range is an intelligent four-pipe innovation, it makes perfect sense to specify the system, able to generate both hot and chilled most innovative solutions to energy-efficiency. water in the same building. The configuration also Consarc architects won the competition to enables heat to be redistributed around the building, design the iCon Innovation Centre in Daventry extracting heat where cooling is required and with an exciting proposal for a building that delivering it to areas in need of heat, thus improving would embody not only the highest standards of overall energy efficiency. Integra is ideally suited for aesthetics and human-friendly design, but also buildings with variation in solar and internal heat optimum sustainability. DuPont Energain helped Buderus launches CHP range gains through the day, typically offering around a to enable these goals by adding lightweight, high- Buderus, one of the world’s most established 40% reduction in primary energy consumption. tech thermal mass. heating technology brands, has boosted its UK l For more information visit l For more information visit portfolio of low-carbon commercial heating www.climaveneta.co.uk or visit 0871 663 0664 www.energain.co.uk or call 01275 879770 solutions with the launch of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) system. CHP systems provide the simultaneous generation of electricity and A new name in LV switchgear usable heat from the same plant or appliance, Havells is a new name in the UK for low voltage circuit which maximises efficiency and provides a protection and control. The company has launched low-cost supply of hot water and electricity. The a range of consumer units, which will be followed by installation of a gas-fired Buderus CHP system a whole raft of new products, including Type A and can help make a significant contribution towards Type B distribution boards and MCCB panelboards. meeting sustainability targets and compliance Havells Sylvania is well known in the lighting industry with legislation. for its Sylvania, Concord and Lumiance branded l For more information visit products. In recent years it has supplied an estimated www.buderus.co.uk or call 0844 892 3004 50 million poles of circuit breakers as OEM products to leading UK electrical companies. l For more information visit www.havells.co.uk or call 020 7011 9700

Just published – the Green Guidebook Advanced Air Epic fan coil for from FLIR thermal imaging NR20 applications Stopping energy loss The Advanced Air EPIC Fan Coil Unit incorporates is so much easier a unique fan deck with a single horizontally- when you can see mounted fan and motor. The fan and motor is its source, and that much larger than those used in conventional is why FLIR thermal fan coils and consequently runs at a much imaging is proving lower speed. With this lower-speed fan comes such a powerful the benefit of lower noise levels, and on the Grand design puts house in the shade ally in driving down University of West of Scotland an amazing NR20 Naco, part of the Ruskin Air Management group, carbon emissions. was achieved in the studios. has supplied bespoke louvres to a stunning In combination with l For more information visit new home that was featured on Channel 4’s application specific www.advancedair.co.uk or call 01842 753624 Grand Designs programme in September. software, a FLIR State-of-the-art Sylvan Glade is a highly unusual thermal imaging residential home in Kent. Aesthetics and design camera allows the user considerations were key to the specification, so to see the thermal effect of building construction Naco’s products had to meet exacting standards faults, insulation failures and moisture ingress. of form and shape determined by the architect. Any problem areas are easily pinpointed in a Replacing a Georgian Style house, Sylvan Glade single sweep of the camera, allowing appropriate was constructed by Innovate Space, on behalf of remedial action to be taken. Modillion homes. l For more information visit www.flir.com or l For more information visit www.naco.co.uk call 01732 220011 or call 01746 761921

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 59

CIBSEdec11 pp57-61 products.indd 59 18/11/11 10:03:00 products & services Telephone: 020 7324 2763 Email: [email protected]

Remembering the Titanic HygroMatik’s HL80 HeaterLine-Comfort steam humidifier has been specified within the pavilion at Southampton’s newest visitor attraction, Sea City. The pavilion is part of the visitor attraction that has been established to celebrate the city’s historical Classroom ventilation units relationship with the sea, and commemorates the Aircraft Air Handling’s 260mm-high classroom 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic. The ventilation units are silenced to nr25. The plate HeaterLine-Comfort is a self generative, compact recuperator is 60% efficient, with an air volume of steam humidifier, ideal for wall mounting, with a 0-500 litres. Heating: LPHW/ELECTRIC. Cooling: corrosion-resistant stainless steel cabinet that is CW/DX. Larger air volumes and bespoke units are Nuaire delivers complete ventilation easy to install and maintain. available. solution via UK-wide road show l For more information visit l For more information visit Ventilation expert Nuaire is celebrating the success www.hygromatik.co.uk or call 02380 443127 www.aircraftairhandling.com of its UK-wide road show where it introduced more than 1,000 consultants to its expanded portfolio, which now includes natural ventilation, providing FSW and Panasonic help Red Dragon customers with a complete ventilation solution. train engineers of the future The UK market leader in the design, manufacture FSW has supplied Panasonic’s Etherea units and distribution of powered ventilation and to specialist training provider Red Dragon Air air movement solutions, hosted a series of 47 Conditioning for use in courses to allow engineers seminars in cities all over the UK and Ireland. The to become compliant with the F-Gas Regulations. road show included technical presentations, which Red Dragon has selected Panasonic’s Etherea explored the potential for mechanical and natural wall-mounted systems at its new, 3,000 sq ft ventilation to go hand in hand. purpose-built training centre in Bridgend, Wales. l For more information visit There are eight individual work stations, each with www.nuaire.co.uk/naturalventilation a Panasonic Etherea unit installed for engineers to or call 029 2088 5911 train on. Courses are run by Red Dragon’s owner, Steve Fisher, who is a qualified City and Guilds and Sanyo crowns year of awards success CITB Trainer and Assessor. with two top industry accolades l For more information visit Sanyo has crowned a year of awards success www.panasonic.co.uk/aircon or call 01344 853390 by winning two of the industry’s most coveted awards, for the Air Conditioning Product of the Year and for an outstanding project. On the technology front, Sanyo’s pioneering Series 6 VRF system has won the Air Conditioning Product of the Year Award in the Cooling Industry Awards 2011. The judges praised the Series 6 for combining a host of genuine technical innovations in this highly competitive sector. l For more information visit uk.sanyo.com/aircon or call 0845 612 6364 Bespoke water systems design and manufacturing service from London Pumps Safety first, when the heat is on, A bespoke water systems design and with MHS Radiators manufacturing service from London Pumps Patients and staff in the recently refurbished main ensures every installation is technically ideal, building at Spire Yale Private Hospital, Wrexham, environmentally sound and within budget. are benefiting from safe, efficient and hygienic London Pumps’ experienced staff provide expert heating, thanks to the installation of 50 Safeguard technical advice and, if clients require it, the low surface temperature (LST) radiators – company’s highly-trained personnel will provide supplied by MHS Radiators. Safeguard LST system design, installation and commissioning. radiators are available in five heights, with lengths London Pumps’ packaged systems include from 661 to 2,911mm as standard. All Safeguard Booster Pump Sets c/w water tanks, emitters are pressure tested to 7 bar and have pressurisation equipment, plate heat exchanger a maximum working pressure of 5 bar. And for packages and fire pumpsets to BS9990. Its complete peace of mind, they have a five-year in-house facilities include full project support, warranty on materials and manufacture. from design stage to final production. l For more details visit www.mhsradiators.com l For more information visit or call 01268 546700 www.londonpumps.co.uk or call 020 8337 7249

60 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp57-61 products.indd 60 18/11/11 10:06:20 products & services Telephone: 020 7324 2763 Email: [email protected]

Water pipe sizing and drainage design software This software incorporates five applications in one product, covering popular topics: Pipe sizing water supply systems (with integrated LU conversion, head loss, and ‘industry standard’ tabulation), assessment of ‘tail end’ water design flow (based on probability), sanitary design flow (including mixed occupancy assessment), eaves Apex wins multi-million pound Bristol gutter sizing, and storage capacities for rainwater hospital wiring contract harvesting. Priced at £95 + VAT, supplied as a A UK market leader, Apex Wiring Solutions, has binder enclosing CD and user guide, the product won a multi-million pound contract to supply a will appeal to mechanical design professionals, modular wiring system for a new £430m state-of- PH Engineers, and trainees. the-art 800 bed hospital, being built by l For more information visit for the North Bristol NHS trust at Southmead. www.phoffice.co.uk/design-software.php Modular wiring has been specified for the new or call 0845 459 6029 build to cut electrical installation times, reduce on-site waste and provide a prewired factory tested power and lighting system. The Apex system will also be utilised on pre-wired factory tested pluggable distribution boards. l For more information visit www.apexwiringsolutions.co.uk or call 0191 378 7900.

Stokvis proves catalyst for reduced Ideal maximises LPG efficiency carbon emissions in sheltered housing Hot on the success of the Evomax natural gas range, Ideal Commercial Catalyst Communities Housing Association is taking wall-hung LPG boilers to new levels of performance. The (CCHA) has opted for solar thermal equipment British-based manufacturer has launched the Evomax LPG, a boiler from Stokvis Energy Systems at a refurbishment designed specifically for customers who are not connected to mains of heating plant at O’Grady Court, in Ealing, west gas, but who still demand high-efficiency solutions to heating and hot London, as it seeks to reduce carbon emissions water. Built to the same high specifications as the existing Evomax from its housing stock. CCHA, the largest – with specialist modifications made to the gas management system – member of the Catalyst Housing Group, provides the Evomax LPG boasts exceptional performance. more than 11,000 affordable homes in London l For more information visit www.idealheating.com and the Thames Valley. CCHA is committed or call 01482 498660 to sustainable development and lowering the carbon footprint of all of its housing stock. l For more information visit The only energy recovery range that www.stokvisboilers.com or call 0208 783 3050 exceeds ErP requirements for 2015 Fläkt Woods has announced the launch of a series of energy recovery units, known as E3co, they promise affordability and quality from a renowned name within the heating, ventilation and air conditioning industry. The E3co Crown is a technological innovation, with high-efficiency EUROVENT-certified counter flow aluminium heat plate exchangers. These are used to help capture the energy contained in conventionally Andrews’ solar heating for new exhausted buildings, utilising it to treat the Brixham fish market incoming outdoor ventilation air and providing MHI air conditioning competes at At Brixham, in Devon, a multi-million pound energy recovery efficiencies in excess of 90%. Wordskills final in 2011 fish market has been built to replace the l For more information visit Apprentices and vocational trainees from existing 30-year-old building, as part of a £120m www.flaktwoods.com or call 01206 222555 all over the world, including the UK’s Stuart regeneration of the port area. In line with Torbay Millar, demonstrated their skills on the latest Council’s sustainable energy policy, domestic air conditioning units from Mitsubishi Heavy hot water is being provided by an Andrews Water Industries (MHI) at the WorldSkills 2011 finals Heaters’ solar thermal water heating system (London ExCel 5-8 October 2011). Stuart scooped to minimise fuel usage and reduce its carbon a Bronze medal working on a training rig from footprint. The Brixham Fish Market is a state-of- MHI’s new high efficiency SRK series of heat pump the-art establishment with all the latest services single split systems, in the event’s Refrigeration available, including internet bidding. and Air Conditioning section. Apprentices from all l For more information visit over the world competed in the event. www.andrewwaterheaters.co.uk l For more information visit or call 0845 070 1055 www.mitsubishiaircon.co.uk or call 020 7842 8100

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 61

CIBSEdec11 pp57-61 products.indd 61 18/11/11 10:08:32 DIRECTORY Your guide to building services suppliers Telephone: 020 7880 6206 Email: [email protected]

Air Conditioning Air Handling CAD Services LST Radiators CadEURO Draughting Services /675DGLDWRUV 5DQJHRI/RZ6XUIDFH Manufacturer of high quality bespoke • Building Services Work 7HPSHUDWXUHUDGLDWRUPRGHOV WRVXLWDOOEXGJHWV DSSOLFDWLRQV AHU’s and fan coils. Undertaken • 2D Draughting Easy installation – ready assembled Specialists in refurbishment and site Attractive functional design • 3D Autocad MEP assembly projects. BSRIA tested outputs • Record Drawings and surface temperatures Expedient delivery service available. • Excellent Rates & Turnaround SteriTouch® antimicrobial surfaces Aircraft Air Handling Ltd Service as standard • MEP BIM Services Energy efficient Unit 20, Moorfi eld Ind Est, copper aluminium emitters Cotes Heath, Stafford, ST21 6QY Contact Stephen:- Tel: 01782 791545 Fax: 01782 791283 T: 020 7043 7491 F: 020 7043 7493 Email: [email protected] E: [email protected] &DOO Web: www.aircraftairhandling.com W: www.cadeuro.co.uk ZZZDXWURQFRXN Energy Effi ciency Pump Packages Refurbishment

Ground Source Heat Pump LEADERS IN FLUID PUMPING Energy Efficient Refurbishment solutions Installations EQUIPMENT AND CONTROLS for increasing the performance and • Water Pressure Booster Sets reliability of existing Air Handling Units of any manufacture. • Tank Level & Temperature Controls • Replacement, Refurb or Retrofit Meeting Renewables Targets • Sealed System Pressurisation Units • Site Survey, Design, Manufacture • Bespoke Design Service • Basic to High Spec Installations • Water Storage • In-depth Technical Support from Tel: 02392 450889 • Energy Efficient survey to final commissioning • Hydraulic Shock Control For more information, call Steve Peck on Fax: 02392 471319 Head Office: 01206 215121 01206 505909 or e-mail [email protected] www.imofa.co.uk www.groenholland.co.uk Certificate Number MCS 1201 Manchester: 0161 226 4727 Heat Pumps www.aquatechpressmain.co.uk AHU Designers & Manufacturers

APPOINTMENTS ● Telephone: 020 7324 2755 Email: [email protected] Groenholland 5x2.indd 1 27/1/09 09:40:29

www.desco.uk.com

Specialists in Building Services Recruitment

Desco (Design & Consultancy) Ltd is an award-winning building services engineering consultancy with offices in the UK and the Middle East. The practice has continued to develop an excellent reputation for delivering a professional quality service, Senior M&E Design Engineers | Hampshire | to £32ltd! | ref: 2833 much of which can be attributed to the talented people Our client, a blue-chip M&E contractor, is looking for Senior Mechanical and who work in the business. Electrical Design Engineers. You will be experienced in the detailed design of offi ce fi t-outs and base builds and will ideally have previously worked for a We are expanding in both our London office (based in contractor. Long term opportunities! Epsom) and our Middle East office (based in Doha, Qatar) Senior Electrical Design Engineer | London | to £35ltd | ref: 1570 and we are seeking to recruit enthusiastic, talented A multi-national consultancy is looking for a Senior Electrical Design Engineer individuals to fill design engineering vacancies in our for a long term contract. Suitable candidates will have signifi cant experience in mechanical and electrical building services teams in both the design of mission critical facilities and be able to lead their discipline within offices. We are seeking the following: the team. Excellent opportunity! Design Manager | West London | £HIGH! | ref: 3846 Senior Electrical Engineer (London & Qatar) We are looking for an experienced MEP Design Manager for a major project at Heathrow. You will have signifi cant airport experience and ideally still hold a Senior Mechanical Engineer (London & Qatar) current airside pass. Please call Rebecca Moore for more information. Senior Public Health Engineer (Qatar) Senior Mechanical Design Engineer | London | £48K++ | ref: 1756 Electrical Engineer (Qatar) Our client is looking for a Senior Mechanical Design Engineer who has Mechanical Engineer (Qatar) achieved Chartered status, or is in the process of applying. Ideal candidates Public Health Engineer (Qatar) will be comfortable leading a small team and have experience within commercial, educational and cultural projects. Intermediate M&E Design Engineers | London/Surrey | £NEG! | ref: 4797 If you are interested in joining our committed, We are looking for Intermediate Design Engineers who are looking to take professional team and have the relevant experience and the next step in their career. You will be nearing chartered status and ideally qualifications, then please email your application with a have a varied project background. Opportunities within major consultants and full CV, indicating which vacancy you are applying for, contractors available! to: [email protected]

For more information or a confidential discussion please contact Mark Butter Direct applications only please; recruitment agency t: 02392 603030 applications will not be considered. e: [email protected] www.blueprintrecruit.com We are an equal opportunities employer E3 & E5 Heritage Business Park, Heritage Way, Gosport, Hampshire PO12 4BG

62 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

p62_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 62 16/11/11 15:06:22 ● Telephone: 020 7324 2755 Email: [email protected] APPOINTMENTS

GREENWICH, A GREAT PLACE TO LIVE, VISIT AND WORK.

HEATING & VENTILATION ENGINEER £30,987 - £33,510 REF: DRES031JUL11 This role at Greenwich Council will give you plenty of scope to enhance both your Heating and Ventilation Engineering knowledge and career.You'll hone your skills on a wide range of tasks.What's more, you'll help keep offices, libraries and schools across Greenwich running smoothly and safely. From designing and supervising both minor and major installation works, to drawing up specifications and carrying out site inspections and producing cost estimates, your technical tasks will be wide ranging.You will manage and issue work to the groups assistant heating engineers. Equally important will be the way you communicate with a range of contacts, from contractors to clients making enquiries. You’ll either have a relevant qualification in Heating & Ventilation Engineering (BSc, BTEC, HND or Higher) or an equivalent level of experience and have membership of the CIBSE. You’ve also have a strong knowledge of relevant Health and Safety legislation, and are familiar with all aspects of Heating & Ventilation installation methods systems and equipment. ASSISTANT HEATING ENGINEER £21,375 - £30,390 REF: DRES032JUL11 This role at Greenwich Council will give you plenty of scope to develop both your Heating and Ventilation Engineering knowledge and career.Working with, and learning from, both the Line Manager and other Engineers, you'll hone your skills on a wide range of tasks - and have the opportunity to take on extra responsibilities and get extra rewards.What's more, you'll help keep offices, libraries and schools across Greenwich running smoothly and safely. From helping design and supervise minor installation works, to doing site inspections and producing cost estimates, your technical tasks will be wide ranging. Equally important will be the way you communicate with a range of contacts, from contractors to members of the public making enquiries. You’ll either have a relevant qualification in Heating & Ventilation Engineering (BSc, BTEC, HND or Higher) or an equivalent level of experience.You’ve also got a strong knowledge of relevant Health and Safety legislation, and are familiar with all aspects of Heating & Ventilation installation methods systems and equipment.

To apply please visit Greenwich Council’s website www.greenwich.gov.uk go to the jobs opportunities page, download an application form and apply online. Guidance on how to apply online is available on the website.

Closing date for both posts : 5 December 2011.

Promoting equality and quality of life for all

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 63

p63-65_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 63 16/11/11 14:36:32 APPOINTMENTS ● Telephone: 020 7324 2755 Email: [email protected]

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Carbon Reduction Manager Constructing Relationships Property Services, Birmingham Engineering Careers £37,908 - £41,697 Tailored recruitment for the Construction We are seeking an experienced individual to lead our approach to carbon reduction management, energy efficiency and sustainability issues. You and Engineering industry. will manage a carbon reduction programme and be the primary contact responsible for managing the CRCEES on behalf of the Force, ensure the Force’s utilities are achieving best value, assisting in setting and CAMechanicalD Coordinators Quantity Surveyor embedding change and developing a building environment strategy. WorWestld London Wide |£Ne | £35,000-55,000g |Ref: 12357 | Ref: 12357 MyA major client M&E provides services 2/D andcontractor, 3D Building established Information for over Modelling 30 years, (B haveIM) an You will be expected to have extensive knowledge and experience of services to architects, structural engineers, consultants and contractors energy/utility procurement and management, including managing urgent need for a HVAC Services Quantity Surveyor. You will be experienced for the construction industry worldwide. They are looking for a number budgets, working with computerised energy management, BMS, targeting in measurement and settlement of the contractor side variations and and monitoring systems with an understanding of sustainable offinal CA Dacc Techniciansount with specific UK & Middle abilities East to whoidentify must and have measure experience Mechanical in BIM, construction. An ability to produce mandatory Display Energy Certificates AutoCAHVAC BuildingD MEP, CAServices.D Duct, Thisand mostis a team importantly based role Revit. with Regional as well as an understanding of the BREEAM rating system would be Contamanagementct alex.hi potential.ll@bsvrec Tasksruitm willent .cinvolveo.uk managing sub-contractor required. accounts, being responsible for valuations, submitting variations, Tmeasurementechnical etc. Se Yourvi willce bes runningManag projectser from £250k to multi £m A clear understanding of current and pending energy legislation is Lmechanicalondon | £50 fit -out.55 k + Bens | Ref: 12346 essential and knowledge of all the likely carbon and energy issues that the OurContact Property darren.warmington Management [email protected] requires a rounded Chartered Force faces is also key. You will either possess or work towards engineer to develop a service strategy and business plan for their accredited energy assessor status. clientsLighting, numerous Acoustic blue chip clients. and Responsibilities Fire engineers will include Central London | £35,000 | Ref: 12328 Ideally, you will have strong project management experience with completing M&E Asset Register Verifi cation Surveys and Reports, excellent analytical and communication skills and be able to demonstrate providingOur client Lifecycle is a major Analysis international of M&E engineering Assets, liaising design with consultancy, External M&E a good track record in the management of utilities and budgets as well as Consultantsthey are looking as appropriate. for degree qualified This is ancandidates excellent to client fill the representative positions of having sound knowledge of wider environmental issues. You should self- roleLighting, with prospects.Fire Safety and Acoustic Engineers. The ideal candidates will motivated and ready to deliver significant change. Contahave workedct darr ewithinn.warmington a multi-disciplinary@bsvconsu designltants team.co.uk or as a stand-alone specialist in their filed. Based in the Central London office, you will be For an application pack and role profile, visit: M Quantit urv ors www.west-midlands.police.uk/recruitment working&E on some of they S newest,ey bespoke multi £m construction or call the Shared Service Centre on 0121 626 5100. Lprojectsondon being| from designed £55k + to | Rdate.ef: 123 57 ContaContactct darrdarren.warmingtonen.warmington@@bsvconsultants.co.ukbsvconsultants.co.uk Closing date: 12 December 2011 For more vacancies please visit www.bsvrecruitment.co.uk or call today.

Serving our communities, protecting them from harm T +44 (0) 1483 768600 E info bsvrecruitment.co.uk www.bsvrecruitment.co.uk 47672 @

64 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

p63-65_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 64 16/11/11 14:36:39 ● Telephone: 020 7324 2755 Email: [email protected] APPOINTMENTS

We are expanding our in-house engineering team. keen to participate in the development of a new and This builds on our conviction that design should growing group in a dynamic and collaborative environment. be a completely integrated process. You will need the ability to think creatively and beyond The team has the opportunity to work on some the conventional and should have a particular interest of the most exciting and challenging projects in sustainable building and systems design. As you will in the world, developing them from first concepts be part of an integrated team, good interpersonal as to completion and into use. well as good communication skills (both verbal and We are seeking candidates who are passionate visual) and a flexible attitude are essential. about engineering design, technically strong and The following positions are available:

Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineers Graduate Leaders at Senior Levels (Ref: LEE1111CIBSE) Mechanical Engineers (Ref: LSME1111CIBSE) Environmental Water/ (Ref:LGME1111CIBSE) Candidates applying for Public Health Engineers Candidates for the Graduate More information about Foster + Partners and the job the Mechanical Engineering (Ref:LEWPHE1111CIBSE) Mechanical Engineer must be Leadership positions need to be training or intending to train descriptions can be found at: Chartered Engineers and have Candidates applying for to become Chartered Engineers www.fosterandpartners.com proven ability to inspire, lead, the Electrical Engineer or and have a keen interest To apply please send a covering organise and integrate the Environmental Water Engineer/ in sustainable building and letter and CV stating the work of internal and external Public Health Engineer positions systems design. reference number to: mechanical engineering and must be a Chartered Engineer [email protected] multi-disciplinary teams. or nearing Chartership. The ability to use some of the following: Considerable relevant experience They will need the ability to IES, Energy Plus, Energy Pro, in the design of a broad range formulate designs and present Wind Pro, MicroStation of mechanical building services them for discussion. A proven and InDesign would be is essential and site-wide track record in a broad range an advantage. infrastructure experience of electrical or water services will be beneficial. is essential and site-wide infrastructure experience will be beneficial.

Foster + Partners Foster + Partners Riverside, 22 Hester Road, London, SW11 4AN is an equal opportunities employer

www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 65

p63-65_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 65 16/11/11 14:36:46 looking ahead Events & Training

NATIONAL SOCIETY OF LIGHT CIBSE Intelligent Building Group seminar EVENTS AND AND LIGHTING on Intelligent Cities CONFERENCES 8 December, The Science Museum, London Mid Career College: Annual Conference of lighting basics 1 – light, This event will be a the National Insulation sight and colour comprehensive one-day Association 2011 07 December 2011, programme that will bring 01 December 2011, London together stakeholders to An introduction for Harrogate discuss how today's cities This event is relevant for delegates who need can make the transition to all those involved in solid an understanding wall insulation, cavity wall of the physical and sustainable, liveable cities insulation, loft insulation psychophysical aspects through the large-scale and draft proofing. of lighting. adoption of intelligent www.nationalinsulation www.cibsetraining.co.uk systems. association.org.uk During the day experts leaders who are laying the at the inspirational London Mid Career College: from government, academia, foundations of intelligent Science Museum and is free All Hands on DEC! lighting basics 2 – lamps 08 December 2011, and luminaries and business will explore cities and building the to attend due to the generous London 08 December 2011, intelligent cities from convergent physical and sponsorship of Accenture. How DECs, monitoring London strategic, architectural, digital infrastructures that will Places are limited and and metering are Light production and its financial, and social manage the urban spaces in prior registration is required. highlighting good and application to produce perspectives. You will obtain which we live. For more information visit bad performance in practical light sources. insights from thought This event will take place www.cibse.org/ibg building services. Plus, the principles of light www.cibsetraining.co.uk control and its application to practical luminaires. CIBSE East Midlands Annual East Anglia Region Air conditioning Indoor air quality, www.sll.org.uk Region – Christmas empowering debate inspection for buildings air distribution and Celebrity Lunch 12 January, 2012 Ipswich 17 January 2012, ventilation: striking a Follow the code? 07 December 2011, Details to be confirmed. Birmingham balance between quality 13 December 2011, Kegworth jonathan.page@mlm. Building electrics basics and efficiency London Christmas Celebrity uk.com 1: choosing electricity 25 January 2012, London Exploring the new Code Luncheon with Derek supplies Exploring the conflicts for Lighting, and should Randall as the guest 18 January 2012, London involved in ventilation and designers be allowed to speaker. giving you the tools you break the rules? www.cibse.org CPD Mechanical Services need to provide good www.sll.org.uk Explained indoor air quality in your CIBSE Intelligent Buildings TRAINING 18 January 2012, projects. Group seminar on Visit www.cibsetraining. Manchester www.cibseawards.org Intelligent Cities co.uk, call 020 8772 3660 CIBSE groups 08 December 2011, London Building electrics basics or email 2: distribution systems and CIBSE Building and regionS See box above [email protected] Performance Awards 2012 www.cibse.org equipment 19 January 2012, London 08 February 2012, London CIBSE West Midlands Building Drainage The CIBSE Building Region Annual Dinner Heating and hot water by Explained Lighting basics 3: interior Performance Awards 02 December 2011, refrigeration 13 December 2011, lighting applications recognise, reward and Birmingham 15 December 2011, Bristol London 19 January 2012, London celebrate the best www.cibse.org A detailed look at the performance, innovation technology involved Introduction to BS Smoke control: matching and practice in buildings. DW145 Fire & Smoke within a heat pump. 7671:2008 requirements the method to the building for electrical installations www.cibseawards.org Dampers Guide www.cibse.org 24 January 2012, London incorporating 05 December 2011, Cardiff amendment 1 – July 2011 Getting Ready for Green The Lift Show 2012 Details to be confirmed Fire Alarm Systems 13 December 2011, Deal 2012 18-19 April 2012, London www.cibse.org 09 January 2012, Cardiff A number of industry- Details yet to be London 24 January 2012, London leading specialists will announced. Rainwater harvesting and Running Projects be presenting keynote CIBSE Peninsular Region – [email protected] greywater recycling in the Effectively sessions during the Winter Social sustainable environment 25 January 2012, London exhibition. The general 06 December 2011, Plymouth Society of Public Health 14 December 2011, theme will be cost-saving Energy Surveys Including a trip to the Engineers – selection and London and efficiency. application of cold water 26 January 2012, London Planetarium www.theliftshow.com booster sets LCEA EPC Training www.cibse.org 10 January 2012, London 10-11 January 2012, Low and zero carbon The ARC Show 2012 Details to be confirmed. London energy technologies: 29 February –1 March Sunlight, health and www.cibse.org/sophe undertaking feasibility 2012, Islington circadian rhythms — are Energy Efficient Façade studies and understanding Design design considerations Lighting show focusing on these design issues? Society of Public Health 17 January, Manchester 31 January 2012, London global architectural, retail 07 December 2011, Engineers – the history of or commercial lighting. London booster sets 1970s to the Plus new sustainability, Speakers: Richard present day Send your event details to and healthcare and Hobday, Becca Hotopf, 18 January, 2012 Manchester education feature areas. and John Mardaljevic Details to be confirmed. [email protected] www.thearcshow.com www.cibse.org www.cibse.org/sohpe

66 CIBSE Journal December 2011 www.cibsejournal.com

CIBSEdec11 pp66 Events.indd 66 18/11/11 15:53:41 So much power. So little space. Eurocondense three. Aiming higher.

The high performance, “smaller footprint” condensing boiler from Potterton Commercial. Established values. Leading edge technology.

Baxi Commercial Division

0845 070 1055 www.pottertoncommercial.co.uk www.cibsejournal.com December 2011 CIBSE Journal 67

p67_CIBSEMagDec11.indd 67 16/11/11 14:39:47 CMR Controls manufactures low air pressure and air volume measurement sensors and control systems for standard air conditioning, clean rooms, sterile laboratories, containment facilities, and fume cupboard extract systems.

DPC CONTROLLER Fast and accurate controls to drive high speed dampers or invertors. Full PID stand alone controls with DPM PRESSURE SENSOR BMS interface. Panel Mount Pressure or Velocity Transducers with remote alarms, analogue and digital interfaces. Traceable calibration certificates CAV AND VAV DAMPERS supplied as standard. Accurate air flow measurement with the unique CMR Venturi built into the AIR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM airtight shut-off damper to control room pressure or constant volume. A complete turn-key system to control room pressure to +/-1Pa. Fume cupboard face velocity to 0.5m/s at high speed and provide constant air changes into the labo - clean Metal Damper room.

VAV CAV PPS EXTRACT DAMPER PPS EXTRACT SUPPLY EXTRACT DAMPER DAMPER DAMPER CONTROLLER Poly-propelene control and shut off valve incorporating the CMR Venturi Nozzle. This

NORMAL EXTRACT HEPA is essential when dealing with corrosive FUME FILTER extract air especially from fume cupboard CUPBOARD systems.

LABO - CLEAN ROOM PPS Damper PRECISION COMPONENTS FOR VENTILATION AND PROCESS CONTROL 22 Repton Court, Repton Close, Tel: +44 (0)1268 287222 CMR CONTROLS Basildon, Essex SS13 1LN. GB Fax: +44 (0)1268 287099 A Division of C. M. RICHTER (EUROPE) LTD Website: http://www.cmr.co.uk E-mail: [email protected]

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