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DIVERSITAS JENIS TANAMAN POLONG-POLONGAN (Fabales) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI DESA KEKAIT, KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI, KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT

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DIVERSITAS JENIS TANAMAN POLONG-POLONGAN (Fabales) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI DESA KEKAIT, KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI, KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT DIVERSITAS JENIS TANAMAN POLONG-POLONGAN (Fabales) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI DESA KEKAIT, KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI, KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT oleh Rahmatul Izah NIM 1501040514 JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN IPA BIOLOGI FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MATARAM MATARAM 2019 DIVERSITAS JENIS TANAMAN POLONG-POLONGAN (Fabales) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI DESA KEKAIT, KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI, KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT Skripsi diajukan kepada Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram untuk melengkapi persyaratan mencapai gelar Sarjana Pendidikan oleh Rahmatul Izah NIM 1501040514 JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN IPA BIOLOGI FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MATARAM MATARAM 2019 ii PERSEMBAHAN “Kupersembahkan skripsi ini untuk almamaterku, semua guru dan dosenku, Ibuku Rohimah (Almrh.), Bapakku Azhar, Nenekku Asiyah, Kakakku H. Fawazelly, dan teman-temanku.” viii KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, segala puji hanya bagi Allah SWT, Tuhan semesta alam dan shalawat serta salam semoga selalu tercurahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW., juga kepada keluarga, sahabat, dan semua pengikutNya. Aamiin. Peneliti menyadari bahwa proses penyelesaian skripsi ini tidak akan sukses tanpa bantuan dan keterlibatan berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, peneliti memberikan penghargaan setinggi-tingginya dan ucapan terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah membantu sebagai berikut. 1. Nurdiana, SP., MP., sebagai pembimbing I yang memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, dan koreksi mendetail, terus-menerus, dan tanpa bosan di tengah kesibukannya dalam suasana keakraban menjadikan skripsi ini lebih matang cepat selesai; 2. Ervina Titi Jayanti, M. Sc. Sebagai Pembimbing II yang memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, dan koreksi mendetail, terus-menerus, dan tanpa bosan di tengah kesibukannya dalam suasana keakraban menjadikan skripsi ini lebih matang cepat selesai; 3. Dr. Ir. Edi M. Jayadi, M. P., sebagai ketua jurusan yang telah memberikan banyak masukan dan kemudahan bagi penulis; 4. Dr. Hj. Lubna, M. Pd., selaku dekan fakultas tarbiyah sekaligus penasehat akademik yang telah banyak memberikan kemudahan bagi penulis; ix 5. Prof. Dr. H. Mutawalli, M. Ag., selaku Rektor UIN Mataram yang telah memberi tempat bagi peneliti untuk menuntut ilmu dan memberi bimbingan dan peringatan untuk tidak berlama-lama di kampus tanpa pernah selesai. 6. Kepala Desa Kekait, Kecamatan Gunung Sari, Kabupaten Lombok Barat yang telah mengizinkan peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian. 7. Masyarakat Desa Kekait, Kecamatan Gunung Sari, Kabupaten Lombok Barat yang telah mengizinkan peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian. Semoga amal kebaikan dari berbagai pihak tersebut mendapat pahala yang berlipat ganda dari Allah SWT., dan semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi para pembaca. Aamiin. Mataram, Peneliti, Rahmatul Izah x DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN SAMPUL............................................................................ i HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................... ii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ......................................................... iii NOTA DINAS PEMBIMBING.............................................................. iv PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI................................................ v PENGESAHAN DEWAN PENGUJI .................................................... vi HALAMAN MOTTO ............................................................................. vii HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................. viii KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................. ix DAFTAR ISI............................................................................................ xi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................... xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................... xiv LAMPIRAN............................................................................................. xv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................... xvi BAB I PENDAHULUAN.................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ..................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah............................................................... 4 C. Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian .......................................... 5 D. Ruang Lingkup dan Setting Penelitian ............................... 6 E. Telaah Pustaka .................................................................... 6 F. Kerangka Teori ................................................................... 30 G. Metode Penelitian ............................................................... 32 H. Sistematika Pembahasan..................................................... 39 BAB II PAPARAN DATA DAN TEMUAN ....................................... 41 A. Jenis Polong-polongan (Fabales) ....................................... 41 B. Tabel Karakter .................................................................... 55 C. Kunci determinasi............................................................... 52 D. Karakter yang dimiliki........................................................ 53 E. Persebaran jenis polong-polongan (Fabales) ..................... 53 BAB III PEMBAHASAN ...................................................................... 56 A. Jenis Tanaman Polong-polongan (Fabales) pada masing-masing ketinggian ........................................................................... 56 BAB IV PENUTUP................................................................................ 61 A. Kesimpulan ......................................................................... 61 xi B. Saran ................................................................................... 61 DAFTAR PUSTAKA xii DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Karakter jenis tumbuhan polong-polongan yang ditemukan, 51 Tabel 2.2 Hasil Temuan Tanaman Polong-polongan (Fabales), 54 Tabel 2.3 Suhu, pH tanah, dan Kelembaban masing-masing plot, 57 xiii DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Centro (Centrosema pubescens Benth.), 13 Gambar 1.2 Desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC), 15 Gambar 1.3 Komak (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), 17 Gambar 1.4 Puero (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.), 18 Gambar 1.5 Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.), 20 Gambar 1.6 Gamal (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud), 22 Gambar 1.7 Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit), 24 Gambar 1.8 Turi (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers), 26 Gambar 1.9 Putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.), 29 Gambar 1.10 Kerangka Teoritik, 30 Gambar 1.11 Tanaman Herbarium, 35 Gambar 2.1 Karakter temuan jenis 1, 42 Gambar 2.2 Karakter temuan jenis 2, 44 Gambar 2.3 Karakter temuan jenis 3, 45 Gambar 2.4 Karakter temuan jenis 4, 46 Gambar 2.5 Karakter temuan jenis 5, 48 Gambar 2.6 Karakter temuan jenis 6, 49 xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Dokumentasi penelitian, 73 Lampiran 2 Rencana jadwal kegiatan penelitian, 75 xv DIVERSITAS JENIS TANAMAN POLONG-POLONGAN (Fabales) BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN TEMPAT DI DESA KEKAIT, KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI, KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT Oleh : RAHMATUL IZAH NIM 1501040514 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perhatian penulis terhadap diversitas jenis tanaman Polong-polongan (Fabales) di desa Kekait, kecamatan Gunung Sari, kabupaten Lombok Barat. Namun, di zaman yang semakin maju ini seringkali muncul permasalahan seperti degradasi lahan dan kekeringan sehingga menimbulkan dampak pengurangan keanekaragaman jenis. Disamping itu, daerah ini memiliki ketinggian tempat dengan struktur permukan tanah perbukitan dan tidak berbukit. Dengan perbedaan ketinggian tempat, penelitian ini bertujuan “Untuk mengetahui diversitas jenis tanaman Polong-polongan (Fabales) yang dilihat berdasarkan ketinggian tempatnya”. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara tersebar dengan membuat 10 plot pada masing-masing ketinggian yakni pada ketinggian 0- 100 m/ dpl, 100-200 m/ dpl, 200-300 m/ dpl, dan 300-400 m/ dpl. Ketinggian 0-100 m/ dpl merupakan ketinggian tempat yang paling rendah karena daerah ini merupakan tempat pemukiman penduduk. Dan ketinggian 300-400 m/ dpl merupakan tempat yang tertinggi karena termasuk daerah perbukitan yang tidak terdapat pemukiman penduduk. Dari masing-masing ketinggian, tumbuhan Centro (Centrosema pubescens Benth.) paling banyak ditemukan yakni pada ketinggian 200-300 m/ dpl sedangkan tanaman Komak (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet), Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit), dan Gamal (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) ditemukan paling sedikit dengan masing-masing jumlah 1 tanaman pada ketinggian 100-200 m/ dpl. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis tanaman Polong-polongan (Fabales) teridentifikasi berjumlah 6 jenis diantaranya: komak (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet), Centro (Centrosema pubescens Benth.), Putri malu (Mimosa pudica L.), (Sesbania grandiflora L.), Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de wit), dan gamal (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.) yang ditemukan paling banyak jenisnya pada ketinggian 0-100 m/ dpl. Tumbuhan ini ditemukan secara tersebar namun tidak merata karena pada masing-masing ketinggian ditemukan jumlah jenis yang berbeda- beda. Kata Kunci: Diversitas, Polong-polongan (Fabales), Ketinggian tempat, Desa Kekait xvi 1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah Diversitas merupakan berbagai macam (variasi)
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