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Rocks and Minerals, Vol 12 No 3 (Mini Miners Monthly) A Monthly Publication for Young Mineral Collectors Vol. 12 No. 3 March 2020 world class minerals There are some mineral localities that have produced the best of the best mineral specimens ever recovered. These specimens have very special qualities that nearly every serious mineral collector rec- ognizes...an artistic combination of color, form, size, proportion and mineral associations that makes them as pleasing to the eye as fine art. We hope you will be so inspired by these natural treasures that you will develop an eye for their beauty and become a serious, high- quality mineral collector yourself. And maybe, some day, you will find a locality that produces even more world class minerals! This special edition of Mini Miners Monthly™ is a celebration of the very best mineral specimens a collector could possibly find. Some of the specimens pictured here are so special that they are known all over the world. Pictures of these specimens have been printed in important mineral books and magazines. They are one-of-a-kind. They are so important and so valuable they are, mostly, safely kept in some of the most important mineral museums in the world. We hope that you are inspired by these spectacular speci- mens. We also hope that as you become more experienced as a mineral collector, you will patiently acquire only the best speci- mens you can find and afford. We continue to believe it is far better to own one spectacular mineral specimen than fifty average specimens. Here’s to your successful mineral collecting. world class minerals: historical silver Kongsberg, Norway (left) Himmelsfurst Mine, Freiberg District, Saxony, Germany (below) The mining region of Kongsberg, Norway is the largest in Norway: it includes more than 80 individual mines. These mines are hundreds of years old. In the 1770’s over 4,000 workers worked for the mines. Silver mining in Kongsberg began in 1623 and it continued until 1958. It is estimated that 2.86 million pounds of Silver were mined at Kongsberg. (Kongsberg means “The Mountain of the King.”) The Kongsberg Silver was discovered by children, Helga and Jacob. They were caring for their cows when an ox scraped against the side of a hill. They saw something very shiny and took a piece home to their father. He knew right away it was Silver. He melted it down and took it to town to sell it. The police arrested him because he was trying to sell something valuable for very little money, and they thought he probably had stolen it from someone. The police gave him a choice: tell them where the Silver was found or be arrested and forced to hard work. He told them where to find the silver in the hills. King Christian IV then founded the town of Kongsberg in 1624, and the search for Silver began. For mineral collectors, the Wire Silver specimens from Kongsberg are classics. They are among the most famous mineral specimens ever discovered in the history of mineralogy and mineral collecting. Two Kongsberg Silver specimens are pictured here, above and to the left. Other localities have also produced excellent Wire Silver specimens, like the one pictured to the right from the Freiberg District of Germany. Excellent world- class Silver specimens have been found in La Nueva Nevada Mine, Batopilas, Chihuahua, Mexico. Pictured below, to the left is a very fine Silver specimen from Stonewall Jackson Mine, Globe, Miami District, Arizona. emerald Coscuez Mine, Boyacá, Colombia Most of the best Emeralds mined and sold in the world today come from Colombia. A lot of lower quality Emeralds are mined in other localities. Mining for Colombia’s Emeralds began long before European explorers arrived in South America. These Emeralds are very well-formed hexagonal crystals and crystal groups. They occur in white to gray Calcite matrix. Geologists say that Colombian Emeralds are the purest Emeralds found anywhere in the world. They are also the only Emerald deposits that occur in sedimentary rock. All other Emerald deposits occur in igneous rock. Colombian Emeralds are deep green and are often so clear and perfect that they are cut into beautiful gemstones. Fine Emerald gemstones can be more valuable than fine Diamond gemstones. Emeralds are the green variety of the mineral Beryl. The green color is created by very small amounts (called trace amounts by mineralogists) of the elements chromium and vanadium trapped in the crystal. Many Colombian emeralds show a deep red fluorescence under UV light. topaz “ ” imperial topaz Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil Topaz can be colorless, light blue, dark blue, orange, pink, yellow, brown and red. The rarest color for Topaz is the golden orange variety that is known as “Imperial Topaz.” It was named “Imperial Topaz” in honor of Brazilian royalty. It is also known by the title of “Precious Topaz.” Because of its rarity, it is considered to be a very valuable variety of Topaz. As early as 1730, gem prospectors were looking for gemstones of any kind in the region now known as Ouro Preto, Brazil. The Topaz that is mined in Ouro Preto is golden orange to pinkish-purple. Not only is Ouro Preto the only important source of Imperial Topaz, it produces the best specimens. They are glassy, clear, brightly colored and many are without internal flaws, making them both excellent mineral specimens as well as gemstones. (Mini Miners Monthly) Vol. 12 No. 3 March 2020 azurite Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee, Cochise County, Arizona Pictured to the left is one of the most famous mineral specimens recovered from the copper mines in Bisbee, Arizona. It is now in the mineral collection of the Smithsonian Museum in Washington, D.C. It is powdery light blue and sits on a light green malachite-covered matrix. The mining town of Bisbee grew around the very rich Copper Queen Mine. It’s ore body had a 23% grade. This is very, very high for any mine. This means that 23% of every ton of ore was copper! The mineral deposits of this region were first discovered by a U.S. Army scout named Jack Dunn who was out searching for a source of water. He told his commanding officer of his discovery. They made a deal with a local named George Warren to file a claim, which he eventually did. The full history of the Copper Queen Mine is very interesting. Look it up! crocoite Adelaide Mine, Dundas, Tasmania Crocoite is a relatively rare mineral species. It was first discovered in 1763 at the Berezovskoe Gold Deposit near Ekaterinburg in the Ural Mountains (Russia). It would be over 100 years until other important Crocoite deposits were found. In 1890, the Red Lead Mine in Dundas was first discovered. The Dundas Mine was mined for lead and silver ore. Throughout the 1900’s, a number of mines in Tasmania produced world-class groups of Crocoite crystals. These mines include the Adelaide, Red Lead, West Comet, and Platt mines. The crystals are long and slender, bright orange-red, and very glassy. Crocoite is the source of the element chromium which is used to make chrome-covered parts for automobiles, motorcycles, and household items like faucets. (Mini Miners Monthly) Vol. 12 No. 3 March 2020 stibnite Ichinokawa Mine, Iyo, Japan Stibnite crystal groups from the Ichinokawa Mine, Japan are found in mineral museums all over the world. The crystals are large, sharp, bright metallic gray, strongly striated and very well-formed. The best specimens from this mine were found in the 1880’s. The mine closed in the 1950’s, so if a mineral collector wants to own a Japanese Stibnite, it will only come from an old collection. Stibnite is an ore of the element antimony. The Ichino- kawa Mine was only active for 25 years, from 1875 to 1900. How- ever, in that short time, it produced over 16,600 tons of antimony, all of which came from Stibnite. Imagine the tons of wonderful, museum-quality Stibnite specimens that were sent to the crusher and were melted down for their antimony content! We mineral specimen collectors don’t want to think about the thousands of high-quality specimens that were destroyed in the process. The specimen pictured here (left) is one of those spectacular Stibnite specimens found in the late 1800’s. It is said that “Stibnite crystals from Japan still set the standard for the species.” The specimen pictured here is consid- ered to be the very best example of Japanese Stibnite in existence. It is the largest and the most damage-free. It is such an important and spectacular specimen that it has been called “a world mineral heritage specimen.” In other words, it is truly the best of the best of Stibnite specimens in the world. In recent years, excellent Stibnite specimens have been found in China. Individual crystals and crystal groups of bright, shining, metallic-gray Stibnites are now in museums and private collections all over the world. It is still possible to purchase them at mineral shows. To the right is a nice Stibnite group from Hunan Province, China. (Mini Miners Monthly) Vol. 12 No. 3 March 2020 quartz “herkimer diamonds” Herkimer County, New York In the late 1700’s and early 1800’s workers were digging in Upstate New York, building the Erie Canal. Near Little Falls, Herkimer County, they dug through a layer of very tough rock called the Little Falls dolostone. In holes in this rock they discovered clear, perfectly formed Quartz crystals. These crystals were unique because of their clarity and because they had terminations on both ends.
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