THE MINERALOGY of the Mapiml' MINING DISTRICT, DURANGO
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Mg2sio4) in a H2O-H2 Gas DANIEL TABERSKY1, NORMAN LUECHINGER2, SAMUEL S
Goldschmidt2013 Conference Abstracts 2297 Compacted Nanoparticles for Evaporation behavior of forsterite Quantification in LA-ICPMS (Mg2SiO4) in a H2O-H2 gas DANIEL TABERSKY1, NORMAN LUECHINGER2, SAMUEL S. TACHIBANA1* AND A. TAKIGAWA2 2 2 1 , HALIM , MICHAEL ROSSIER AND DETLEF GÜNTHER * 1 Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido 1ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied University, N10 W8, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan. Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry (*correspondence: [email protected]) (*correspondence: [email protected]) 2Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial 2Nanograde, Staefa, Switzerland Magnetism, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington DC, 20015 USA. Gray et al. did first studies of LA-ICPMS in 1985 [1]. Ever since, extensive research has been performed to Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) is one of the most abundant overcome the problem of so-called “non-stoichiometric crystalline silicates in extraterrestrial materials and in sampling” and/or analysis, the origins of which are commonly circumstellar environments, and its evaporation behavior has referred to as elemental fractionation (EF). EF mainly consists been intensively studied in vacuum and in the presence of of laser-, transport- and ICP-induced effects, and often results low-pressure hydrogen gas [e.g., 1-4]. It has been known that in inaccurate analyses as pointed out in, e.g. references [2,3]. the evaporation rate of forsterite is controlled by a A major problem that has to be addressed is the lack of thermodynamic driving force (i.e., equilibrium vapor reference materials. Though the glass series of NIST SRM 61x pressure), and the evaporation rate increases linearly with 1/2 have been the most commonly reference material used in LA- pH2 in the presence of hydrogen gas due to the increase of ICPMS, heterogeneities have been reported for some sample the equilibrium vapor pressure. -
L. Jahnsite, Segelerite, and Robertsite, Three New Transition Metal Phosphate Species Ll. Redefinition of Overite, an Lsotype Of
American Mineralogist, Volume 59, pages 48-59, 1974 l. Jahnsite,Segelerite, and Robertsite,Three New TransitionMetal PhosphateSpecies ll. Redefinitionof Overite,an lsotypeof Segelerite Pnur BnnN Moone Thc Departmcntof the GeophysicalSciences, The Uniuersityof Chicago, Chicago,Illinois 60637 ilt. lsotypyof Robertsite,Mitridatite, and Arseniosiderite Peur BmaN Moonp With Two Chemical Analvsesbv JUN Iro Deryrtrnent of GeologicalSciences, Haraard Uniuersity, Cambridge, Massrchusetts 02 I 38 Abstract Three new species,-jahnsite, segelerite, and robertsite,-occur in moderate abundance as late stage products in corroded triphylite-heterosite-ferrisicklerite-rockbridgeite masses, associated with leucophosphite,hureaulite, collinsite, laueite, etc.Type specimensare from the Tip Top pegmatite, near Custer, South Dakota. Jahnsite, caMn2+Mgr(Hro)aFe3+z(oH)rlPC)oln,a 14.94(2),b 7.14(l), c 9.93(1)A, p 110.16(8)", P2/a, Z : 2, specific gavity 2.71, biaxial (-), 2V large, e 1.640,p 1.658,t l.6lo, occurs abundantly as striated short to long prismatic crystals, nut brown, yellow, yellow-orange to greenish-yellowin color.Formsarec{001},a{100},il2oll, jl2}ll,ft[iol],/tolll,nt110],andz{itt}. Segeierite,CaMg(HrO)rFes+(OH)[POdz, a 14.826{5),b 18.751(4),c7.30(1)A, Pcca, Z : 8, specific gaavity2.67, biaxial (-), 2Ylarge,a 1.618,p 1.6t5, z 1.650,occurs sparingly as striated yellow'green prismaticcrystals, with c[00], r{010}, nlll0l and qll2l } with perfect {010} cleavage'It is the Feg+-analogueofoverite; a restudy on type overite revealsthe spacegroup Pcca and the ideal formula CaMg(HrO)dl(OH)[POr]r. Robertsite,carMna+r(oH)o(Hro){Ponlr, a 17.36,b lg.53,c 11.30A,p 96.0o,A2/a, Z: 8, specific gravity3.l,T,cleavage[l00] good,biaxial(-) a1.775,8 *t - 1.82,2V-8o,pleochroismextreme (Y, Z = deep reddish brown; 17 : pale reddish-pink), @curs as fibrous massesand small wedge- shapedcrystals showing c[001 f , a{1@}, qt031}. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Rediscovery of the Elements — a Historical Sketch of the Discoveries
REDISCOVERY OF THE ELEMENTS — A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE DISCOVERIES TABLE OF CONTENTS incantations. The ancient Greeks were the first to Introduction ........................1 address the question of what these principles 1. The Ancients .....................3 might be. Water was the obvious basic 2. The Alchemists ...................9 essence, and Aristotle expanded the Greek 3. The Miners ......................14 philosophy to encompass a obscure mixture of 4. Lavoisier and Phlogiston ...........23 four elements — fire, earth, water, and air — 5. Halogens from Salts ...............30 as being responsible for the makeup of all 6. Humphry Davy and the Voltaic Pile ..35 materials of the earth. As late as 1777, scien- 7. Using Davy's Metals ..............41 tific texts embraced these four elements, even 8. Platinum and the Noble Metals ......46 though a over-whelming body of evidence 9. The Periodic Table ................52 pointed out many contradictions. It was taking 10. The Bunsen Burner Shows its Colors 57 thousands of years for mankind to evolve his 11. The Rare Earths .................61 thinking from Principles — which were 12. The Inert Gases .................68 ethereal notions describing the perceptions of 13. The Radioactive Elements .........73 this material world — to Elements — real, 14. Moseley and Atomic Numbers .....81 concrete basic stuff of this universe. 15. The Artificial Elements ...........85 The alchemists, who devoted untold Epilogue ..........................94 grueling hours to transmute metals into gold, Figs. 1-3. Mendeleev's Periodic Tables 95-97 believed that in addition to the four Aristo- Fig. 4. Brauner's 1902 Periodic Table ...98 telian elements, two principles gave rise to all Fig. 5. Periodic Table, 1925 ...........99 natural substances: mercury and sulfur. -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
Evolution of Zincian Malachite Synthesis by Low Temperature Co
Evolution of zincian malachite synthesis by low temperature co- precipitation and its catalytic impact on the methanol synthesis Leon Zwienera, Frank Girgsdiesa, Daniel Brenneckea, Detre Teschnera,b, Albert G.F. Machokeb, Robert Schlögla,b, and Elias Frei*a [a] Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. [b] Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34 – 36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. *E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: zincian malachite • co-precipitation • methanol synthesis Abstract: Low temperature co-precipitation enabled, for the first time, the preparation of phase pure zincian malachite precursors with Zn contents of up to 31 at.-%. The high Zn content was beneficial for maximizing the dispersion of Cu and oxygen defect sites on the ZnO surface. Further, an increase of the Zn loading from 10 to 31 at.-% doubled the specific surface areas obtained from N2O-RFC (Reactive Frontal Chromatography) and H2- TA (Transient Adsorption). As the Zn content was increased from 10 to 31 at.-%, the apparent activation energy for methanol formation was strongly decreased. Furthermore, water formation was reduced indicating a retardation of the rWGS in favor of methanol formation at high Zn loadings. Additionally, compared to high temperature co-precipitation, low temperature precipitated catalysts exhibited increased catalytic activities. 1. Introduction Rising global energy demand, relying on the ongoing consumption of fossil fuels, has led to a drastic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past century.[1] Since CO2 has been attributed to be the main anthropogenic source of the greenhouse effect, CO2 has become a valuable carbon source available for chemical conversion (e.g. -
Koritnigite Zn(Aso3oh)•
Koritnigite Zn(AsO3OH) • H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Triclinic, pseudomonoclinic. Point Group: 1. As imperfect platy crystals, to 5 mm, in aggregates. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {010}, perfect; cleavage traces k [001] and k [100], visible on {010}. Tenacity: Flexible. Hardness = 2 D(meas.) = 3.54 D(calc.) = 3.56 Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless, white, rose. Luster: Pearly on {010}. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Orientation: X = b; Y ∧ a ' 28◦; Z ∧ c ' 22◦. α = 1.632(5) β = 1.652(3) γ = 1.693(3) 2V(meas.) = 70(5)◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P 1. a = 7.948(2) b = 15.829(5) c = 6.668(2) α =90.86(2)◦ β =96.56(2)◦ γ =90.05(2)◦ Z=8 X-ray Powder Pattern: Tsumeb, Namibia; very close to cobaltkoritnigite. 7.90 (10), 3.16 (9), 3.83 (7), 2.461 (6), 2.186 (5), 3.95 (4), 2.926 (4) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) As2O5 51.75 54.67 51.46 FeO + Fe2O3 trace 0.05 CoO 4.54 NiO 2.44 ZnO 35.97 25.83 36.44 MgO trace H2O [12.3] [12.47] 12.10 Total [100.0] [100.00] 100.00 2− (1) Tsumeb, Namibia; by electron microprobe, (AsO3OH) confirmed by IR, H2O by difference. • (2) J´achymov, Czech Republic; H2O by difference. (3) Zn(AsO3OH) H2O. Occurrence: A secondary mineral of the lower oxidation zone in a dolostone-hosted polymetallic hydrothermal ore deposit (Tsumeb, Namibia). Association: Tennantite, cuprian adamite, stranskiite, lavendulan, k¨ottigite,tsumcorite, prosperite, o’danielite (Tsumeb, Namibia); erythrite, arsenolite, sphalerite (J´achymov, Czech Republic). -
Aurichalcite (Zn, Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Aurichalcite (Zn, Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic by twinning. Point Group: 2/m. As acicular to lathlike crystals with prominent {010}, commonly striated k [001], with wedgelike terminations, to 3 cm. Typically in tufted divergent sprays or spherical aggregates, may be in thick crusts; rarely columnar, laminated or granular. Twinning: Observed in X-ray patterns. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {010} and {100}, perfect. Tenacity: “Fragile”. Hardness = 1–2 D(meas.) = 3.96 D(calc.) = 3.93–3.94 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale green, greenish blue, sky-blue; colorless to pale blue, pale green in transmitted light. Luster: Silky to pearly. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: Weak; X = colorless; Y = Z = blue-green. Orientation: X = b; Y ' a; Z ' c. Dispersion: r< v; strong. α = 1.654–1.661 β = 1.740–1.749 γ = 1.743–1.756 2V(meas.) = Very small. Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/m. a = 13.82(2) b = 6.419(3) c = 5.29(3) β = 101.04(2)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mapim´ı,Mexico. 6.78 (10), 2.61 (8), 3.68 (7), 2.89 (4), 2.72 (4), 1.827 (4), 1.656 (4) Chemistry: (1) CO2 16.22 CuO 19.87 ZnO 54.01 CaO 0.36 H2O 9.93 Total 100.39 (1) Utah; corresponds to (Zn3.63Cu1.37)Σ=5.00(CO3)2(OH)6. Occurrence: In the oxidized zones of copper and zinc deposits. Association: Rosasite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, hydrozincite, malachite, azurite. -
Mottramite Pbcu(VO4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
Mottramite PbCu(VO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. As crystals, equant or dipyramidal {111}, prismatic [001] or [100], with {101}, {201}, many others, to 3 mm, in drusy crusts, botryoidal, usually granular to compact, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Small conchoidal to uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = ∼5.9 D(calc.) = 6.187 Optical Properties: Transparent to nearly opaque. Color: Grass-green, olive-green, yellow- green, siskin-green, blackish brown, nearly black. Streak: Yellowish green. Luster: Greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–), rarely biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak to strong; X = Y = canary-yellow to greenish yellow; Z = brownish yellow. Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. Dispersion: r> v,strong; rarely r< v.α= 2.17(2) β = 2.26(2) γ = 2.32(2) 2V(meas.) = ∼73◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P nma. a = 7.667–7.730 b = 6.034–6.067 c = 9.278–9.332 Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mottram St. Andrew, England; close to descloizite. 3.24 (vvs), 5.07 (vs), 2.87 (vs), 2.68 (vs), 2.66 (vs), 2.59 (vs), 1.648 (vs) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) CrO3 0.50 ZnO 0.31 10.08 P2O5 0.24 PbO 55.64 55.30 As2O5 1.33 H2O 3.57 2.23 V2O5 21.21 22.53 insol. 0.17 CuO 17.05 9.86 Total 100.02 100.00 (1) Bisbee, Arizona, USA; average of three analyses. (2) Pb(Cu, Zn)(VO4)(OH) with Zn:Cu = 1:1. -
Crimsonite, Pbfe23+(PO4)
Mineralogical Magazine, October 2016, Vol. 80(6), pp. 925–935 3+ Crimsonite, PbFe2 (PO4)2(OH)2, the phosphate analogue of carminite from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Nevada, USA 1,* 2 3 4 A. R. KAMPF ,P.M.ADAMS ,S.J.MILLS AND B. P. NASH 1 Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA 2 126 South Helberta Avenue #2, Redondo Beach, California 90277, USA 3 Geosciences, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne 3001, Victoria, Australia 4 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA [Received 28 May 2015; Accepted 10 September 2015; Associate Editor: Ian Graham] ABSTRACT 3þ Crimsonite (IMA2014-095), PbFe2 (PO4)2(OH)2, the phosphate analogue of carminite, is a new mineral from the Silver Coin mine, Valmy, Iron Point district, Humboldt County, Nevada, USA, where it occurs as a low-temperature secondary mineral in association with fluorwavellite, goethite, hematite, hentschelite, plumbogummite and variscite on quartz. Crimsonite occurs in subparallel aggregates of deep red blades or plates flattened on {100} and up to 0.1 mm in maximum dimension. The streak is light purplish orange. Crystals are transparent and have adamantine lustre. The Mohs hardness is ∼3½, the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is irregular to splintery and an imperfect cleavage is likely on {101}. The calculated density is 5.180 g/cm3. Crimsonite is optically biaxial (+), with 2V = 85.5(5)° and γ – α = 0.011. Using the Gladstone- Dale relationship, the calculated indices of refraction are α = 2.021, β = 2.026 and γ = 2.032. -
Formation of Chrysocolla and Secondary Copper Phosphates in the Highly Weathered Supergene Zones of Some Australian Deposits
Records of the Australian Museum (2001) Vol. 53: 49–56. ISSN 0067-1975 Formation of Chrysocolla and Secondary Copper Phosphates in the Highly Weathered Supergene Zones of Some Australian Deposits MARTIN J. CRANE, JAMES L. SHARPE AND PETER A. WILLIAMS School of Science, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South DC NSW 1797, Australia [email protected] (corresponding author) ABSTRACT. Intense weathering of copper orebodies in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia has produced an unusual suite of secondary copper minerals comprising chrysocolla, azurite, malachite and the phosphates libethenite and pseudomalachite. The phosphates persist in outcrop and show a marked zoning with libethenite confined to near-surface areas. Abundant chrysocolla is also found in these environments, but never replaces the two secondary phosphates or azurite. This leads to unusual assemblages of secondary copper minerals, that can, however, be explained by equilibrium models. Data from the literature are used to develop a comprehensive geochemical model that describes for the first time the origin and geochemical setting of this style of economically important mineralization. CRANE, MARTIN J., JAMES L. SHARPE & PETER A. WILLIAMS, 2001. Formation of chrysocolla and secondary copper phosphates in the highly weathered supergene zones of some Australian deposits. Records of the Australian Museum 53(1): 49–56. Recent exploitation of oxide copper resources in Australia these deposits are characterized by an abundance of the has enabled us to examine supergene mineral distributions secondary copper phosphates libethenite and pseudo- in several orebodies that have been subjected to intense malachite associated with smaller amounts of cornetite and weathering. -
New Mineral Names*,†
American Mineralogist, Volume 106, pages 1360–1364, 2021 New Mineral Names*,† Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy1, and Yulia Uvarova2 1Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18 korp. 2, Moscow 119071, Russia 2CSIRO Mineral Resources, ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia In this issue This New Mineral Names has entries for 11 new species, including 7 minerals of jahnsite group: jahnsite- (NaMnMg), jahnsite-(NaMnMn), jahnsite-(CaMnZn), jahnsite-(MnMnFe), jahnsite-(MnMnMg), jahnsite- (MnMnZn), and whiteite-(MnMnMg); lasnierite, manganflurlite (with a new data for flurlite), tewite, and wumuite. Lasnierite* the LA-ICP-MS analysis, but their concentrations were below detec- B. Rondeau, B. Devouard, D. Jacob, P. Roussel, N. Stephant, C. Boulet, tion limits. The empirical formula is (Ca0.59Sr0.37)Ʃ0.96(Mg1.42Fe0.54)Ʃ1.96 V. Mollé, M. Corre, E. Fritsch, C. Ferraris, and G.C. Parodi (2019) Al0.87(P2.99Si0.01)Ʃ3.00(O11.41F0.59)Ʃ12 based on 12 (O+F) pfu. The strongest lines of the calculated powder X-ray diffraction pattern are [dcalc Å (I%calc; Lasnierite, (Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe)2Al(PO4)3, a new phosphate accompany- ing lazulite from Mt. Ibity, Madagascar: an example of structural hkl)]: 4.421 (83; 040), 3.802 (63, 131), 3.706 (100; 022), 3.305 (99; 141), characterization from dynamic refinement of precession electron 2.890 (90; 211), 2.781 (69; 221), 2.772 (67; 061), 2.601 (97; 023). It diffraction data on submicrometer sample. European Journal of was not possible to perform powder nor single-crystal X-ray diffraction Mineralogy, 31(2), 379–388.