DOCSLIB.ORG

The Moss Genus Zygodon (Orthotrichaceae) in Poland – Distribution, Ecological Preferences and Threats

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Moss Genus Zygodon (Orthotrichaceae) in Poland – Distribution, Ecological Preferences and Threats Cryptogamie, Bryologie, 2017, 38 (3): 231-251 © 2017 Adac. Tous droits réservés The moss genus Zygodon (Orthotrichaceae) in Poland – distribution, ecological preferences and threats Adam STEBEL a*&Jan ŻARNOWIEC b aDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland bDepartment of Ecology and NatureProtection, University of Bielsko-Biała, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland Abstract – The moss genus Zygodon Hook. &Taylor (Orthotrichaceae) is represented by five species in Poland, namely: Z. dentatus (Limpr.) Kartt., Z. gracilis Wilson, Z. rupestris Schimp. ex A.W.H.Walth. &Molendo, Z. stirtonii Schimp. and Z. viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. Their current distribution in Poland is reviewed and mapped, and lists of their localities are presented. The ecological preferences, altitudinal limits, reproduction and threats for each species are shortly discussed. Akey for determination of these species is given. Bryophyta /Central Europe /moss diversity /epiphytes /phytogeography /protected mosses INTRODUCTION The genus Zygodon Hook. &Taylor includes small to medium-sized acrocarpous mosses forming light to dark green cushions, tufts, or rarely mats on trunks and branches of trees, logs, rarely on base-rich rocks, walls or on concrete. Brotherus (1925) placed in Zygodon 112species, and in the only world monograph Malta (1924, 1926) listed 77 species. Currently,itisbelievedthat the genus encompasses between 50 (Smith, 2004) and about 90-91 species (Crosby et al., 1999; Vitt, 2014). Zygodon is represented in the floras of both hemispheres in warm and temperate climates, but the highest species diversity is in the tropics and subtropics. The real species richness within this genus is most probably lower,because modern taxonomic revisions show,that anumber of species have been described repeatedly under various names. For example, Calabrese (2006) described one new species and accepted 12 taxa from 20 known from South America, the names of the remainder being reduced to synonymy.For Australasia and Australia, six species are recognised (Lewinsky,1990; Lewinsky-Haapasaari &Ramsay,2012), and in the moss flora of North America five species and two varieties (Z. viridissimus (Dicks.) Brid. var. rupestris Lindb. and Z. viridissimus var. dentatus Limpr., frequently considered as * Corresponding author: [email protected] doi/10.7872/cryb/v38.iss3.2017.231 232 A. Stebel &J.Żarnowiec separate species) are mentioned (Britton, 1908; Vitt, 2014). Düll (1985a) revised European specimens of Zygodon,and new conceptualisations of the genus are represented in the modern Floras (e.g. Lewinsky-Haapasaari, 1998; Smith, 2004). In total, nine species and one variety are now recognised from Europe (Hill et al., 2006; Garcia et al.,2006), of which five species are represented in Poland (Ochyra et al., 2003; Stebel et al. in Blockeel et al.,2007). The aims of this paper are to address the following: (i)what is the present diversity of Zygodon in Poland? (ii) what is their geographical distribution? (iii) what is their altitudinal range? (iv) what are their habitat preferences? and (v) is their occurrence in Poland threatened? MATERIALS AND METHODS All available collections of Zygodon from Poland (over 80 specimens) from the following herbaria: KRAM, LBL, OSTR, POZG, SOSN, WA,and WRSL, were re-examined. Additional field research during the last few years was also conducted and collected specimens are housed in the herbarium SOSN. The overwhelming majority of localities known from the literature were revisited. In earlier papers, especially from northern Poland, information about the occurrence of Z. viridissimus s.l. is presented (e.g. Koppe, 1931; Dietzow,1938). Because of the lack of specimens, these data have not been included in the analysis. All information about habitat, altitude, and others, was included in adata base. The data gathered during fieldwork and the information contained on herbarium labels formed the basis for description of the ecological preferences of these taxa. For microscopic examination, dried plants were soaked in water and permanent slides of leaves, sections and propagula were mounted in Hoyer’s solution (Anderson, 1954), and the species have been distinguished on the basis of morphological characters. All measurements were obtainedfrom wet plants and/or from prepared slides mounted in Hoyer’s solution. Morphological and anatomical details were drawn with the aid of aNikon Eclipse E200 compound microscope and Nikon Y-IDT drawing tube. The distributions of the individual taxa have been presented as dot maps. The signatures of sites were split into five time phases. Analysis of species occurrence was undertaken using five time periods to show historical trends for individual taxa over the last decades. For each species the list of known stations are presented. For literature based records the bibliographical information is included. New findings and localities not known from literature are marked with an asterisk. For allocation of individual species to each threat category the latest IUCN criteria (IUCN, 2012 – second edition of version 3.1, first published in 2001) have been used, with recommendations for estimating threatened taxa (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee, 2014) and Guidelines for application of IUCN Red List criteria at regional and national levels (IUCN, 2010), adapted for bryophytes (Hällingbäck et al.,1998; Hodgetts, 2015). Some species elaborated in this paper,including Zygodon dentatus (Limpr.) Kartt.,Z.rupestris Schimp. ex A.W.H.Walth. &Molendo and Z. stirtonii Schimp.are treated at alower taxonomic rank, mainly as varietes of Z. viridissimus (e.g.Düll, 1992;Frey et al.,2006; van der Pluijm, 2012; Vitt, 2014), but, following Karttunen (1984), Smith (2004)and Hill et al. (2006),weview them as separate species. Zygodon in Poland 233 RESULTS In Poland, five species of Zygodon occur,namely: Z. dentatus, Z. gracilis, Z. rupestris, Z. stirtonii and Z. viridissimus.All belong to sect. Zygodon and subg. Zygodon.They are small acrocarpous mosses forming loose turfs or soft cushions on trunks and branches of trees, more rarely on calcareous rocks, on light-shaded walls and on concrete. Their main features are erect, simple or branched stems; lanceolate to linear-lanceolate leaves with and acute apex; margins entire or denticulate towards the apex and plane or recurved below; costa vanishing below the leaf apex or rarely excurrent; lamina cells quadrate, rounded-hexagonal to ovate; upper lamina cells papillose; and rectangular,smooth, translucent basal lamina cells. In leaf axils are frequently present ovoid to ellipsoidal gemmae. Polish Zygodon taxa are dioicous but in all examined materials only twice were afew archegonia observed (in Z. rupestris and Z. viridissimus). Also twice, in the same species, immature and broken sporophytes were noted. Key for identification Polish species of Zygodon 1. Margin of upper leaves toothed towards apex; plants without gemmae, only on limestone rocks.......................................................................................Z. gracilis 1. Margin of leaves entire or,particularly in young leaves, denticulate near apex; plants with gemmae, growing mainly on bark of trees.......................................2 2. Gemmae without cross-walls ....................................................... Z. rupestris 2. Gemmae with cross-walls ..............................................................................3 3. Margin of younger leaves usually denticulate near apex; gemmae with curved cell-walls...............................................................................................Z. dentatus 3. Margin of leaves entire; gemmae with almost straight cell-walls.......................4 4. Costa distinctly widened in leaf apex, excurrent in asharp, stout point ....... .........................................................................................................Z. stirtonii 4. Costa not widened in leaf apex, percurrent or subpercurrent......................... .................................................................................................. Z. viridissimus Asurvey of species Zygodon gracilis Wilson Figs 1-5, 38 Plants (1.0-)1.5-3.5(-5.0) cm high, forming brownish to yellowish-green to dark-green tufts. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,pointed, contorted and incurved when dry,spreading to recurved when moist. Margin of the upper leaves sharply serrate towards the apex, entire below.Costa stout, ending below or in the apex. Mid-lamina cells rounded-hexagonal, thick-walled, (4-)7-9(-10) µmwide with (1-)2-4 clavate papillae. Fertile plants not observed in Polish material. General distribution. — Zygodon gracilis occurs sporadically in the Carpathians and frequently in the Alps (Düll, 1985a, b; Frey et al.,2006; Meinunger &Schröder,2007; Müller,2005). Elsewhere it is reported from mid-west Yorkshire in England (Proctor &Blockeel,2014a), British Columbia in North America and from one locality in Guatemala in Central America (Vitt, 2014), but Central American plants apparently belong to Z. campylophyllus Müll.Hal. (Allen, 1994). 234 A. Stebel &J.Żarnowiec Zygodon in Poland 235 Extent of distribution and altitudinal range in Poland. — Previously reported from Poland under the name Zygodon gracilis var. alpinus (Schimp.) Grav. (Lisowski, 1960a, 1962). The species is known from only one locality in Dolina Kościeliska valley situated in the western part of the Tatras at
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ulotka Pakiety Pobytowe Rowerowe ENG PREVIEW
    1 The Świnoujście Fortress 2 Through the Wolin National Park 3 At the seaside with children 4 The Baltic sacrum 5 Kołobrzeg Fortress 6 A moment of respite amidst nature – rustling trees, natural scents and colours Western Pomerania vacation packages: along the Baltic Sea Route: Świnoujście Route: Miedzyzdroje – Kawcza Góra – wzgórze Gosan – Wisełka – Kołczewo – Route: Mrzeżyno – Niechorze – Rewal – Trzęsacz – Pogorzelica Route: Trzęsacz – Niechorze – Mrzeżyno – Kołobrzeg – Trzebiatów – Route: Kołobrzeg – Dźwirzyno – Rogowo – Mrzeżyno Route length: about 10 km Dziwnów – Dziwnówek Route length: about 23 km Cerkwica – Rewal Route length: about 20 km Duration: 1 day Route length: about 30 km Duration: 1 day Route length: about 90 km Duration: 2 days Route: Kołobrzeg – Kołobrzeg – Solne Bagno – Ustronie Morskie – Dobrzyca Available in the following seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter Duration: 1 day Available in the following seasons: Spring, Summer Duration: 2 days Available in the following seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter – Gaski – Mielno – Koszalin – Manowo. Type: Available for individuals and organised groups Available in the following seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn Type: Available for individuals and organised groups Available in the following seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter Type: Available for individuals and organised groups Route length: about 70 km (including school excursions) Type: Available for individuals and organised groups (including school excursions) Type: Available for individuals (including school excursions)
    [Show full text]
  • Orthotrichum Hallii Sull
    SPECIES FACT SHEET Common Name: Hall’s Orthotrichum Scientific Name: Orthotrichum hallii Sull. & Lesq. Recent synonyms: Division: Bryophyta Class: Bryopsida Order: Orthotrichales Family: Orthotrichaceae Taxonomic Note: Substratum information is needed to identify this species. Usually sporophytes are needed to identify species within this genus, but the bistratose leaves make this one easy to distinguish. Technical Description: Plants olive-green to dark green, in 2.5 cm tall tuffs or cushions, stems sometimes branched; leaves lanceolate, acute ± obtuse; lamina bistratose, margins entire, recurved below, bistratose in the upper ½, sometimes with unistratose streaks; costa percurrent, upper medial cells irregularly rounded, 9–14m , with 1–3 small conical papillae per cell; basal cells rectangular to short-rectangular, quadrate on the margins; Autoicous, seta 0.5 – 1.0 mm long , immersed when moist to about ½ emergent when dry, oblong, oblong-ovate, stomata immersed in the middle and lower portion of the urn, strongly 8 ribbed ½ to the full length when dry; peristome double, exostome teeth 8, occasionally spilt to 16, incurved when young, spreading or rarely reflexed when old, never erect. Calyptra oblong, smooth, sparsely hairy, hairs papillose. Spores 10–17m, coarsely papillose. Distinctive characters: (1) bistratose leaves, (2) immersed stomata on an eight ribbed capsule. Similar species: Orthotrichum hallii is distinguished from other species of Orthotrichums by its bistratose leaves and oblong, 8-ribbed emergent sporophyte. Other Descriptions and illustrations: Vitt (1973), Sharp, Crum, & Eckel (1994), Lewinsky-Haapasaari & Tan (1995), Lawton (1971), Exeter et al. 2016: 128-130, Vitt (2014): 56. Life History: Few details are known about O. hallii. Protonema, bud and shoot formation are typical for all moss development.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes
    Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes Janice M. Glime Introduction Several attempts have been made to persuade geologists to use bryophytes for mineral prospecting. A general lack of commercial value, small size, and R. R. Brooks (1972) recommended bryophytes as guides inconspicuous place in the ecosystem have made the to mineralization, and D. C. Smith (1976) subsequently bryophytes appear to be of no use to most people. found good correlation between metal distribution in However, Stone Age people living in what is now mosses and that of stream sediments. Smith felt that Germany once collected the moss Neckera crispa bryophytes could solve three difficulties that are often (G. Grosse-Brauckmann 1979). Other scattered bits of associated with stream sediment sampling: shortage of evidence suggest a variety of uses by various cultures sediments, shortage of water for wet sieving, and shortage around the world (J. M. Glime and D. Saxena 1991). of time for adequate sampling of areas with difficult Now, contemporary plant scientists are considering access. By using bryophytes as mineral concentrators, bryophytes as sources of genes for modifying crop plants samples from numerous small streams in an area could to withstand the physiological stresses of the modern be pooled to provide sufficient material for analysis. world. This is ironic since numerous secondary compounds Subsequently, H. T. Shacklette (1984) suggested using make bryophytes unpalatable to most discriminating tastes, bryophytes for aquatic prospecting. With the exception and their nutritional value is questionable. of copper mosses (K. G. Limpricht [1885–]1890–1903, vol. 3), there is little evidence of there being good species to serve as indicators for specific minerals.
    [Show full text]
  • Volatile Concentrate from the Neotropical Moss Neckeropsis Undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt, Existing in the Brazilian Amazon Thyago G
    Miranda et al. BMC Chemistry (2021) 15:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-021-00736-3 BMC Chemistry RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Volatile concentrate from the neotropical moss Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt, existing in the brazilian Amazon Thyago G. Miranda1, Raynon Joel M. Alves1, Ronilson F. de Souza2, José Guilherme S. Maia3, Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo2* and Ana Cláudia C. Tavares‑Martins1,2 Abstract Background: Many natural compounds have been identifed and synthesized by the advancement of bryophytes phytochemistry studies. This work aimed to report the composition of Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt moss volatiles, sampled in the Combú Island, Belém city, Pará state, Brazil. The volatile concentrate of N. undulata was obtained by a simultaneous distillation‑extraction micro‑system, analyzed by GC and GC‑MS, and reported for the frst time. Results: Ten compounds were identifed in the volatile concentrate, corresponding to 91.6% of the total, being 1‑octen‑3‑ol (35.7%), α‑muurolol (21.4%), naphthalene (11.3%), and n‑hexanal (10.0 %) the main constituents. Most of the constituents of the N. undulata volatile concentrate have been previously identifed in other mosses, and liver‑ worts spread wide in the world. Conclusions: 1‑Octen‑3‑ol, n‑hexanal, 2‑ethylhexanol, isoamyl propionate, and octan‑3‑one are already known metabolic products obtained from enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, belonging to the large family of minor oxygenated compounds known as oxylipins. The knowledge of the composition of volatiles from moss N. undulata could contribute to the Neckeraceae species’ chemotaxonomy. Keywords: Neckeraceae, Volatile concentrate, 1‑octen‑3‑ol, α‑muurolol, n‑hexanal Background Brazil’s bryophyte fora comprises 1524 species, of which Bryophytes are small terrestrial spore-forming green 880 are mosses, 633 liverworts, and 11 hornworts.
    [Show full text]
  • Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe New Perspectives on Modern Jewish History
    Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe New Perspectives on Modern Jewish History Edited by Cornelia Wilhelm Volume 8 Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe Shared and Comparative Histories Edited by Tobias Grill An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-048937-8 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-049248-4 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-048977-4 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Grill, Tobias. Title: Jews and Germans in Eastern Europe : shared and comparative histories / edited by/herausgegeben von Tobias Grill. Description: [Berlin] : De Gruyter, [2018] | Series: New perspectives on modern Jewish history ; Band/Volume 8 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018019752 (print) | LCCN 2018019939 (ebook) | ISBN 9783110492484 (electronic Portable Document Format (pdf)) | ISBN 9783110489378 (hardback) | ISBN 9783110489774 (e-book epub) | ISBN 9783110492484 (e-book pdf) Subjects: LCSH: Jews--Europe, Eastern--History. | Germans--Europe, Eastern--History. | Yiddish language--Europe, Eastern--History. | Europe, Eastern--Ethnic relations. | BISAC: HISTORY / Jewish. | HISTORY / Europe / Eastern. Classification: LCC DS135.E82 (ebook) | LCC DS135.E82 J495 2018 (print) | DDC 947/.000431--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018019752 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.
    [Show full text]
  • Variability of Throughfall and Stemflow Deposition in Pine and Beech Stands ( Czarne Lake Catchment, Gardno Lake Catchment on Wolin Island )
    PrACE GEOGrAfICzNE, zeszyt 143 Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UJ Kraków 2015, 85 – 102 doi : 10.4467/20833113PG.15.027.4628 Variability of throughfall and stemflow deposition in pine and beech stands ( Czarne lake catchment, gardno lake catchment on wolin island ) Robert Kruszyk, Andrzej Kostrzewski, Jacek Tylkowski Abstract : The research sought to determine the range of conversion of the chemical composition of precipitation in a beech stand located in the Gardno Lake catchment ( Wolin Island ) and a pine stand in the Czarne Lake catchment ( Upper Parsęta catchment, West Pomerania Province ). The presented results cover three hydrological years : 2012, 2013 and 2014. The research focused on the chemical composition of bulk precipitation ( in the open ), throughfall and stemflow ( in a forest ). The obtained results confirm that after precipitation has had contact with plant surfaces there is an increase in its mineral content. This is due to the process of enrichment of throughfall and stemflow with elements leached out of needles + 2+ + – + 2+ 2– – and leaves ( K , Mg ) and coming from dry deposition ( NH 4, Cl , Na , Mg , SO 4 , NO 3 ) washed out from plant surfaces. The research, based on the canopy budget model, indicates that in the case of potassium, its load leached out of needles and leaves accounted for 75.6 % and 73 %, respectively, of its total deposition on the forest floor. Calcium leaching was not detected in either of the two stands. In comparison with potassium, the range of magnesium leaching was smaller and amounted to 34 % under beech and 26.5 % under pine. As to loads of potassium and magnesium in the beech stand, they were more than twice as large as the ones observed in the pine stand.
    [Show full text]
  • Macromitrium Erythrocomum (Bryophyta: Orthotrichaceae), a New Species from Tropical Queensland, Australia
    Volume 20: 261–268 ELOPEA Publication date: 13 September 2017 T dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea11730 Journal of Plant Systematics plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL • ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Macromitrium erythrocomum (Bryophyta: Orthotrichaceae), a new species from tropical Queensland, Australia Helen Ramsay1,2, Andi Cairns3 and David Meagher4 1 National Herbarium of New South Wales, The Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University NSW 2109 3 Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia 4 School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Macromitrium erythrocomum sp. nov. is described from the Wet Tropics bioregion, Queensland, Australia. It is distinguished mainly by its large size, excurrent red costa, unusual areolation of the upper leaf lamina, short seta, hairy calyptra, peristome absent or reduced to a low basal membrane, and anisomorphic spores. A comparison is made with other Macromitrium species in the region. Introduction Dixon (1938) noted that the bryophyte flora of tropical Queensland was recognised as being of special interest to botanists, partly because of what had already been found but also because of what was yet to be discovered. Almost 80 years later, new records of bryophyte species are still being added regularly to the tropical Queensland flora. For example, additions have been made in the last few years to the moss flora in the Brachytheciaceae (Huttunen and Ignatov 2010), Stereophyllaceae (Cairns and Meagher 2014), Sematophyllaceae (Meagher and Cairns 2014), and Meteoriaceae (Meagher and Cairns 2016), and to the liverwort flora in the Lejeuneaceae (Renner 2011), Radulaceae (Renner et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 1, Chapter 2-7: Bryophyta
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Bryophyta – Bryopsida. Chapt. 2-7. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook 2-7-1 sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 10 January 2019 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 2-7 BRYOPHYTA – BRYOPSIDA TABLE OF CONTENTS Bryopsida Definition........................................................................................................................................... 2-7-2 Chromosome Numbers........................................................................................................................................ 2-7-3 Spore Production and Protonemata ..................................................................................................................... 2-7-3 Gametophyte Buds.............................................................................................................................................. 2-7-4 Gametophores ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-7-4 Location of Sex Organs....................................................................................................................................... 2-7-6 Sperm Dispersal .................................................................................................................................................. 2-7-7 Release of Sperm from the Antheridium.....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of Industrial Symbiosis in Pomeranian Region, Poland
    WP3 Survey of industrial symbiosis in Pomeranian Region, Poland Author: Andreas Hänel WP3 Identification and analysis – Survey Author: Andreas Hänel Page 1 Content 1. Introduction 3 2. Investigated area/region/community - Pomeranian Region, Poland 3 3. List of industries at the site 8 4. Main material and energy streams of the industries/plants/facilities 10 5. Mapping of industries/plants/facilities 17 6. Possible synergies 20 7. Disclaimer 22 8. References 22 WP3 Identification and analysis – Survey Author: Andreas Hänel Page 2 1. Introduction Aim of the European project "UBIS - Urban Baltic Industrial Symbiosis" (INTERREG South- Baltic Programme) is to use biogenic resources as well as waste and residues sustainable in industrial symbiosis and to reduce emissions at the same time. Even if a lot has already been achieved in this area, there are still many unused material flows and there are possibilities to use them even more efficiently. In the project existing collaborations will be investigated as well as new ones identified and evaluated. The regional surveys will enable to use learnings and tools from UBIS project to stimulate further investments in industrial symbiosis with the goal to identify new urban industrial symbiosis opportunities. 2. Investigated area/region/community - Pomeranian Region, Poland The investigated area is the Pomeranian Region or Voivodeship in north-central Poland on the shore of the Baltic Sea. The Voivodeship has an area of 18 310.34 km². With around 2 319 700 inhabitants [4] the population density is 127/km 2. The Pomeranian Voivodeship has 16 counties (powiat) of which four are cities. It has 123 communes (gmina), 42 towns and 2861 rural localities [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Typology of Polish Marine Waters
    G. Schernewski & M. Wielgat (eds.): Baltic Sea Typology Coastline Reports 4 (2004), ISSN 0928-2734 39 - 48 Typology of Polish marine waters Wlodzimierz Krzyminski1, Lidia Kruk-Dowgiallo2, Elzbieta Zawadzka-Kahlau2, Rajmund Dubrawski2, Magdalena Kaminska1, Elzbieta Lysiak-Pastuszak1 1 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, Poland 2 Maritime Institute, ul. Abrahama 1, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland Abstract The article presents results of expert work carried out within the frame of a contract between the Polish Ministry of Environment and the consortium of four scientific Institutes . The Maritime Branch of the Institute of Mete-orology and Water Management (IMWM MB) from Gdynia and Maritime Institute (MI) from Gdansk have been responsible for the typology of Polish marine wa- ters. The analysis of data collected mainly during more than forty years of oceanographic activity of the IMWM MB allowed to discern the following water categories: - transitional waters including the entire areas of the Szczecin Lagoon, Vistula Lagoon and a part of the Gulf of Gdansk – the internal Puck Bay, called Puck Lagoon, as well as parts of the Gulf of Gdansk and Pomeranian Bay under significant influence of riverine plumes; - coastal waters comprising a band of water defined according to the article 2, par. 7, and tak- ing into account art.2, par.1, of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), excluding the areas of transitional waters; - modified waters comprising waters within the rivers mouth areas along the central Polish coast and corresponding to the issue of internal marine waters in the Polish legislation on ma- rine areas. 1 Introduction Following the request of the Polish Ministry of Environment regarding the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive, a consortium of four scientific Institutes has been formed in Poland to elaborate the typology of the Polish surface and ground-waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Management Plan
    State Water Holding Polish Waters Regional Water Management Authority in Szczecin ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ODRA-VISTULA FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT – 8524 PL Environmental category B – in accordance with the World Bank OP 4.01 Component 1: Flood protection of the Lower and Middle Odra Subcomponent 1B: Flood Protection on the Middle and Lower Odra Contract 1B.2/3: Modernization works on boundary sections of Odra River, Stage I to pro- vide Good Condition for Ice-breaking – Part 3 Issue Date Prepared by Verified by Customer's approval I November 2020 Dorota Kowalczyk Waldemar Krzysztof ODRA-VISTULA FLOOD MANAGEMENT PROJECT co-funded by: the World Bank, Loan Agreement no. 8524 PL the Council of Europe Development Bank, Framework Loan Agreement no. LD 1866 European Union Cohesion Fund (IE OP 2014-2020), pre-contract 3.2-20 and 3.2-21 State Budget ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Component: 1 – Flood protection of the Lower and Middle Odra Subcomponent: 1B – Flood Protection on the Middle and Lower Odra Contract: Task 1B.2/3 Modernization works on boundary sections of Odra River, Stage I to provide Good Condition for Ice-breaking – Part 3 Project Implementation Unit: State Water Holding Polish Waters Regional Water Management Authority in Szczecin Study prepared by: Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project Implementation Unit at the State Water Holding Polish Waters Regional Water Management Authority in Szczecin Technical support consultant of RZGW in Szczecin for the Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project – Joint Venture: SWECO Consulting Sp. z o. o., SWECO Nederland B.V., Sweco Engineering Sp. z o. o., Ekocentrum – Wrocławski Ośrodek Usług Ekologicznych Sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Orthotrichum in Pakistan 1
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Hochschulschriftenserver - Universität Frankfurt am Main Orthotrichum in Pakistan 1 Tropical Bryology 21:1-9, 2002 Orthotrichum (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida) in Pakistan Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp Mittlere Letten 11, D-88634 Herdwangen-Schönach, Germany Johann Peter Gruber University of Salzburg, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden Hellbrunnerstraße 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria Abstract: A first critical survey of the genus Orthotrichum in Pakistan is provided. The currently known geographical distributions of the species and their ecologies within Pakistan are discussed. The bryophyte collection from Pakistan contains eight species of the genus Orthotrichum. One of these, O. obtusifolium, is reported here for the first time from that country, whilst the occurrence of the other seven species is confirmed. Pseudoleskeella tectorum, associated with O. crenulatum, is also reported here from Pakistan for the first time. Comments on the specimens and a key to allow identification of all eleven species presently known from Pakistan are provided. Introduction species, restricted to those species occurring in Pakistan and some adjacent areas. The bryophyte flora of Pakistan is very poorly known. There are only a few scattered literature In North Pakistan distribution of the genus reports, such as the checklists of the mosses of Orthotrichum is restricted to the partly open Asghar (1957) and Nishimura & Higuchi (1993, wooded, mainly northfacing ranges of the 1994), and the bibliography of Pakistan mosses Himalaya and Hindu Kush mountains by Townsend (1993). In these reports, listings of (Waziristan, Kohistan, Swat, Pakistan Northern Orthotrichum species remain incomplete.
    [Show full text]