Abbazia Di Pomposa COMUNE DI CODIGORO

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Abbazia Di Pomposa COMUNE DI CODIGORO Abbazia di Pomposa COMUNE DI CODIGORO Comune di Codigoro Opuscolo Abbazia di Pomposa.indd 1 23/02/20 12:27 Cronologia essenziale Essential chronology • Secc. VI-VII / 6th-7th centuries Strambiati. Insediamento della prima comunità Guido degli Strambiati of Ravenna ap- monastica nell’Insula Pomposiana. pointed Abbot. First monastic settlement on the insula pomposiana. • 1022 Pomposa è dichiarata autonoma. • 874 Pomposa is given self-governing rights. Prima menzione scritta di Pomposa. First written record of Pomposa. • 7/5/1026 Riconsacrazione della Chiesa. Am- • Secc. VIII-IX / 8th-9th centuries pliamento del convento. Tracce archeologiche di una primiti- The church is reconsecrated and the va chiesetta. monastery extended. Remains of a primitive chapel. • 1026 • 962-999 Esecuzione dell’atrio della chiesa ad Pomposa è donata dagli Ottoni di opera di magister Mazulo. Sassonia al vescovo di Comacchio, The entrance gallery of the church is quindi al monastero di S. Salvatore di built by Master Mazulo. Pavia, infine ai vescovi di Ravenna. Period of donations by the Otto Em- • 1040-1042 perors of Saxony. Pomposa is granted San Pier Damiani a Pomposa. to the Bishop of Comacchio, then to St. Pier Damiani resides in Pomposa. the S. Salvatore Monastery of Pavia and finally to the Bishops of Ravenna. • 1046 Morte dell’abate Guido: l’imperatore • 1001 Enrico III porta le spoglie a Spira in L’imperatore Ottone III concede il ti- Germania. tolo di Regalis Abbatia. Death of Abbot Guido. Emperor Henry Emperor Otto III grants it the title of III removes the mortal remains to Spira Royal Abbey (Regalis Abbatia). in Germany. • 1004-1046 • Metà sec. XI / Middle 11th century Abbaziato del ravennate Guido degli Guido monaco, detto d’Arezzo, rivo- 2 Opuscolo Abbazia di Pomposa.indd 2 23/02/20 12:27 Cronologia essenziale Essential chronology luziona la musica, inventando le note • 1317 musicali. Compilazione elenco delle chiese e Monk Guido d’Arezzo, a musician at monasteri (33) dipendenti da Pom- Pomposa, invents the modern staff no- posa. tation. List of churches and monasteries (33) dependent on Pomposa. • 1063 Costruzione del campanile ad opera • Sec. XV / 15th century di magister Deusdedit. Graduale intromissione della casa Construction of the bell tower by Mas- d’Este negli interessi dell’abbazia, con ter Deusdedit. i cardinali Rinaldo e Ippolito d’Este. The Este family begins to gain a foot- • 1093 hold in the affairs of the Abbey and is Stesura di un catalogo dei volumi granted the benefice in commendam della celebre biblioteca pomposiana. by the Pope. Catalogue listing books held by the fa- mous library of Pomposa. • 1494 Il Papa unisce Pomposa (fino al 1553) • 1151 alla Congregazione cassinese di S. Rotta del Po a Ficarolo (Rovigo). Cam- Giustina a Padova. bia l’assetto idrografico del Delta e il The Pope merges Pomposa with the territorio pomposiano comincia a Cassinese congregation of Ste Justine impaludarsi. in Padua (up to 1553). Breach of the Po River at Ficarolo (Rovigo). The hydrographic patterns of • 1553 the Po delta changes: the area around L’abate pomposiano si trasferisce nel Pomposa starts silting up. monastero ferrarese di S. Benedetto, mentre alcuni monaci risiedono an- • 1300-60 cora a Pomposa. Vengono realizzati gli affreschi del The Abbot of Pomposa moves to the Refettorio, dell’Aula Capitolare e del- monastery established in 1496 by le Chiesa. Cardinal Ippolito d’Este, while several The Refectory, the Chapter Hall and the monks still continue to reside in Pom- Church are decorated with frescoes. posa. 3 Opuscolo Abbazia di Pomposa.indd 3 23/02/20 12:27 Cronologia essenziale Essential chronology • 1663 beni monumentali; bonifica del terri- Papa Innocenzo X dichiara soppres- torio circostante. so il monastero. Pomposa diviene Monuments come under the care of parrocchia sotto la giurisdizione ec- the Italian kingdom; reclamation clesiastica del vescovo di Comacchio. works in the abbey hinterland. The monastery is suppressed by Pope Innocent X and Pomposa becomes a • 1920-1930 parish under the ecclesiastical jurisdic- Interventi di restauro al loggiato su- tion of the Bishop of Comacchio. periore del Palazzo della Ragione. First restoration of the first floor open • 1671 gallery of the Palace of Justice. Il monastero è definitivamente ab- bandonato dagli ultimi monaci ri- • 1925 -1930 masti. Restauri e studi dell’intera abbazia Last monks leave Pomposa. The mon- a cura della Soprintendenza ai Beni astery is finally completely abandoned. Ambientali e Architettonici di Ra- venna. • 1802 Restoration works and study of the Politica napoleonica di soppressione entire abbey complex by the Fine Arts dei beni ecclesiastici: l’abbazia è ven- Authority of Ravenna. duta alla famiglia Guiccioli di Raven- na che adibisce i fabbricati ad uso • 1960-1976 agricolo. Dispersione della prestigio- Ripresa dei lavori di restauro e fonda- sa biblioteca tra vari archivi italiani. zione del Museo Pomposiano allesti- Napoleonic policy of suppression of to nel salone dell’ex dormitorio. ecclesiastical benefices. The abbey is Resumption of restauration works and sold to the Guiccioli family of Ravenna establishment of the Pomposa Mu- which puts the buildings to farm use. seum (1976), set up in the monastery’s Books of the famous library are scat- former dormitory hall. tered among a number of Italian li- braries. • 2000 Nella navata sinistra della chiesa ab- • 1861 baziale si trova la reliquia dell’Abate Dopo l’unità d’Italia lo Stato riscatta i San Guido degli Strambiati, conte- 4 Opuscolo Abbazia di Pomposa.indd 4 23/02/20 12:27 Cronologia essenziale Essential chronology nuta in un prezioso scrigno e portata nell’anno 2000 con una solenne ceri- monia religiosa da Spira (Germania). In the left nave of the church there is the relic of Abbot San Guido de- gli Strambiati, contained in a precious chest and brought in 2000 with a sol- emn religious ceremony from Speyer (Germany). • Oggi / Today Pomposa si trova nel territorio del Delta del Po, riconosciuto dall’UNE- SCO come Patrimonio dell’Umanità (Ferrara, Città del Rinascimento ed il suo Delta del Po) e recentemente insignito del riconoscimento di Ri- serva di Biosfera Delta del Po. Oggi la chiesa è parrocchia dell’Arcidiodesi di Ferrara-Comacchio il cui arcivesco- vo porta il titolo onorario di abate di Pomposa. Pomposa is situated in the Po Del- ta Park, entered by UNESCO in the World Heritage List and also recently awared as Biosphere Reserve Po Del- ta. The church is currently set up as a parish church of the Archdiocese of Ferrara-Comacchio; the archbishop still holds the honorary title of Abbot of Pomposa. 5 Opuscolo Abbazia di Pomposa.indd 5 23/02/20 12:27 Pianta Map 1 Biglietteria • Ticket Office 5 Sala delle Stilate • Sala delle Stilate 2 Palazzo della Ragione • Palace of Justice 6 Sala del Capitolo • Chapter Hall 3 Refettorio • Refectory 7 Chiesa • Church 4 Museo Pomposiano (primo piano) 8 Atrio • Entrance gallery Pomposa Museum (first floor) 9 Campanile • Bell tower 6 Opuscolo Abbazia di Pomposa.indd 6 23/02/20 12:27 Esterno Exterior La chiesa ha forme semplicissime: copertu- ra a capanna con due monofore ed atrio a tre arcate. La pianta basilicale a tre navate, con abside esterna poligonale, testimonia l’influenza ravennate, ravvisabile anche nel largo utilizzo di materiale di reimpiego, secondo una prassi molto diffusa nel me- dioevo. La maggioranza dei mattoni, dei marmi degli interni ed esterni e un tratto di mosaico pavimentale, provengono in- fatti da Ravenna. L’essenzialità delle forme si contrappone alla ricchezza decorativa dell’atrio e del campanile. Il sapiente utiliz- zo delle colorazioni ocra e rosse dei mattoni e l’inserimento di elementi marmorei e terrecotte sui paramenti esterni, rendono spettacolare la vista frontale della chiesa. Nel 1026, con la costruzione dell’atrio da parte di magister Mazulo (lo ricorda la lapide a destra della facciata), fu riconsacrata alla Vergine Assunta. Mazulo fuse lo stile romanico padano con le soluzioni decorative tradizionali del vicino oriente: le due transenne circolari con i grifi alati ai lati dell’albero della vita, gli altorilievi con l’aquila, il leone e il pavone, i tralci orizzontali per tutta la lunghezza dell’edificio con formelle in cotto decorate a motivi vegetali e animali fantastici, sono tutti elementi di culture orientali. I bacini ceramici, sebbene non più originali (tranne 18 dei 71 del campanile), sono di provenienza egiziano-copta e il loro utilizzo a scopo decorativo è caratteristica dell’occidente cristiano. Anche Magister Deusdedit, che costruì il campanile nel 1063 (come ricorda la lapide sullo stesso), segue il linguaggio artistico del predecessore, dal bicromatismo dei mattoni, ai tralci in cotto già visti nell’atrio e ai bacini ceramici, ma aggiorna il tutto allo stile romanico-lombardo, ricco di lesene, arcature cieche e archetti pensili che animano plasticamente la superficie della possente mole (48 m.), alleggerita dalle finestre che aumentano di numero verso l’alto. Il vicino Palazzo della Ragione (XI sec.) non conserva le forme originarie, in segui- to a pesanti manomissioni e restauri succedutisi nel tempo. Qui l’abate esercitava l’amministrazione della giustizia civile sul vasto territorio alle dipendenze del mo- nastero. 7 Opuscolo Abbazia di Pomposa.indd 7 23/02/20 12:27 Esterno Exterior The Church has a very simple, straightforward structure, with hut-like roofing, two windows, and a three- arched entrance gallery. The basilica-like three-nave interior and the externally polygonal apse are remi- niscent of the Ravenna-style. Indeed, the influence of Ravenna was great, as witnessed to by profuse use of salvage masonry that went into the Church’s construction, a typical custom of the Middle Ages. In fact, the greater part of the bricks, the exterior and interior marble slabs and panels, a part of the mosaic pave- ment are all made out of material salvaged from Ravenna.
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