The Outset of Dissension in Islam
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The Outset of Dissension in Islam (Islam Mein Ikhtilafat Ka Aghaz) By Hadrat Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad Khalifatul-Masih II, may Allah be pleased with him Islam International Publications LTD. The Outset of Dissension in Islam An English rendering of Islam Mein Ikhtilafat Ka Aghaz, an urdu lecture delivered by Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad, Khalifatul-Masih II, may Allah be pleased with him, The Promised Reformer and Promised Son Translated from Urdu into English by: Atta-ur-Rahman Khalid Revised by: Ayyaz Mahmood Khan First English translation published in UK: 2013 © Islam International Publications Ltd. Published by Islam International Publications Ltd. Islamabad, Sheephatch Lane Tilford, Surrey GU10 2AQ, UK Printed in UK at Raqeem Press, Tilford, UK For further information please or visit www.alislam.org. ISBN: 978-1-84880-092-2 Contents About the Author ............................................................................... vii Foreword .................................................................................................ix Necessity of Being Familiar with Islamic History .........................................1 Importance of the Subject ...................................................................................2 Magnificent Past of Islam ...................................................................................3 First Devotees of Islam: Hadrat ‘Uthmanra & Hadrat ‘Alira ........................4 False Narrations of Non-Muslim Historians ...................................................5 Companions Were Not the Real Cause of the Disorders in Islam ............6 Why Dissension Emerged in the Era of the ThirdKhal ifah? .......................8 An Introduction to Hadrat ‘Uthmanra ............................................................8 Status of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra in the Eyes of the Holy Prophetsa ..................10 What Gave Rise to the Conflict? .....................................................................11 Four Reasons for Conflict .................................................................................12 The Islamic Khilāfat was a Religious Administration .................................14 Thinking Ill of the Companions is Without Reason ...................................16 Why Did Conflict Arise in the Era of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra? .........................22 Appointment of Abu Musa Al-Ash‘arira as the Governor of Kufah ..........72 Conspiracies of the Rebels Exposed ................................................................72 Obedience to the Ruler of the Time is Necessary ........................................75 Another Conspiracy of the Mischief-Makers ................................................76 The Conspiracy Exposed ...................................................................................78 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Summons the Mischief-Makers ......................................78 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Clears Himself of All Charges ........................................79 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Shows Mercy Towards the Mischief-Makers ...............81 Another Grave Conspiracy by the Mischief-Makers ...................................83 Arrival of the Mischief-Makers in Madinah ..................................................86 The Rebels of Egypt Approach Hadrat ‘Alira .................................................88 The Rebels of Kufah Approach Hadrat Zubairra ..........................................89 The Rebels of Basrah Approach Hadrat Talhahra ........................................89 Appointment of Muhammad bin Abi Bakr as the Governor of Egypt....90 Reality Behind Conflicting Narrations .........................................................90 A Golden Principle for the Verification of History ....................................91 Exoneration of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra & the Other Companions ..................92 The Rebels Enter Madinah Again ....................................................................92 The People of Madinah Advise the Rebels .....................................................94 The Rebels Take Control of Madinah .............................................................94 The Most Prominent Companions Ask the Rebels the Reason for their Return ....................................................................................................................95 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Clears Himself of the Allegations Levelled by the Rebels .....................................................................................................................96 Reality Behind the Rebel Scheme ....................................................................98 Seven Arguments in Support of the ‘Letter Conspiracy’ ............................99 Cruelties of the Rebels upon the People of Madinah .............................. 107 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Admonishes the Rebels ................................................. 108 The Rebels Break the Staff of the Holy Prophetsa ...................................... 109 The Rebels Pelt Stones atMasjid-e-Nabaw i and Injure Hadrat ‘Uthmanra .. .............................................................................................................................. 110 Willingness of the Companions to Fight the Rebels ............................... 111 Three Major Supporters of the Rebels in Madinah ................................... 113 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra is Asked to Step Down from Khilafat ........................ 114 The House of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Besieged .................................................. 116 Hadrat ‘Alira Admonishes the Besiegers ...................................................... 117 Treatment of the Rebels Towards Hadrat Ummi Habibahra .................. 118 An Example of the Religious Indignation of Hadrat Ummi Habibahra 119 Hadrat ‘A’ishahra Prepares for Hajj .............................................................. 120 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Sends a Circular to the Provincial Governors .......... 121 A Letter to the Pilgrims from Hadrat ‘Uthmanra ...................................... 122 The Rebels Pelt Stones at the House of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra ..................... 125 Worthy Efforts of the Companions in Suppressing the Disorder .......... 127 The Rebels Attack the House of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra .................................. 130 Hadrat ‘Uthmanra Orders the Companions ............................................... 131 Anxiety of the Rebels upon the Return of the Pilgrims ........................... 133 The Companions Fight the Rebels ............................................................... 135 ‘Abdullahra bin Salam Admonishes the Rebels ........................................... 139 The Rebels Assassinate Hadrat ‘Uthmanra .................................................. 140 Events Leading up to the Martyrdom of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra ................... 141 The Rebels LootBaitul-M al .......................................................................... 144 Outrage of the Companions at the Martyrdom of Hadrat ‘Uthmanra . 145 Summary & Outcome of the Events Described ......................................... 148 An Important Note ..........................................................................151 Glossary ...............................................................................................155 Index ....................................................................................................161 Hadrat Mirza Bashir-ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad Khalifatul-Masih II (may Allah be pleased with him) About the Author The Promised Sonra of the Promised Messiah and Mahdias; the manifest Sign of Allah, the Almighty; the Word of God whose advent was prophesied by the Holy Prophet Muhammadsa and the Promised Messiahas as well as the past Prophets; a Star in the spiritual firmament for the like of which the world has to wait for hundreds of years to appear; the man of God, crowned with a spiritual hallo from which radiated such scintillating rays of light as would instil spiritual life into his followers and captivate and enthral those who were not fortunate to follow him; an orator of such phenomenal quality that his speeches would make his audience stay put for hours on end, come rain or shine, deep into the late hours of the evenings while words flowed from his tongue like honey dripping into their ears to reach the depths of their soul to fill them with knowledge and invigorate their faith; the ocean of Divine and secular knowledge; the Voice Articulate of the age; without doubt the greatest genius of the 20th century; a man of phenomenal intelligence and memory; an epitome of the qualities of leadership; the one whose versatility cannot be comprehended—Hadrat Mirza Bashir- ud-Din Mahmud Ahmadra (1889-1965), Muslih-e-Ma‘ud (the viii HADRAT MIRZA BASHIR-UD-DIN MAHMUD AHMAD Promised Reformer) was the eldest son and the second Khalifah (successor) of the Promised Messiahas. He took charge of the Ahmadiyya Jama‘at at the young age of 24 when the Jama‘at was still in its infancy and nourished it to its maturity for more than 50 years with his spiritual guidance, prayers, tears, toil and blood. Not only did he fortify the foundations of the Community laid down by the Promised Messiahas, but expanded the structure of the Jama‘at by initiating various schemes, organizations, and programs taking his inspiration from the Promised Messiahas and under the Divine guidance. His foremost concern, to which he devoted all his life, was to accomplish the mission of the Promised Messiahas—the daunting task of spreading the message of