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Case Studies in Community Vitality and Downtown Revitalization: a Focus on Maine’S Employment and Service Hubs

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Case Studies in Community Vitality and Downtown Revitalization: a Focus on Maine’S Employment and Service Hubs University of Southern Maine USM Digital Commons Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 2010 Case Studies in Community Vitality and Downtown Revitalization: A Focus on Maine’s Employment and Service Hubs Matthew Klebes University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service Elizabeth McLean University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service Kathy Lynn Tombarelli University of Southern Maine, Muskie School of Public Service Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/muskie_capstones Part of the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Klebes, Matthew; McLean, Elizabeth; and Tombarelli, Kathy Lynn, "Case Studies in Community Vitality and Downtown Revitalization: A Focus on Maine’s Employment and Service Hubs" (2010). Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations. 59. https://digitalcommons.usm.maine.edu/muskie_capstones/59 This Capstone is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at USM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of USM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Muskie School of Public Service CASE STUDIES IN COMMUNITY VITALITY AND DOWNTOWN REVITALIZATION A Focus on Maine’s Employment and Service Hubs Matthew Klebes Elizabeth McLean Kathy Lyn Tombarelli PPM 642 Spring 2010 06/01/2010 Table of Contents I. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 II. Literature Review .....................................................................................................................3 III. Methodology Community Profile Data Collection ................................................................................8 Field Study Data Collection .............................................................................................8 Interview Selection and Process ......................................................................................9 IV. Case Studies Auburn, ME. ..................................................................................................................11 Bath, ME ........................................................................................................................16 Biddeford, ME. ..............................................................................................................21 Brunswick, ME. .............................................................................................................27 Gardiner, ME .................................................................................................................31 Lewiston, ME. ................................................................................................................36 Lisbon/Lisbon Falls, ME. ..............................................................................................40 Newburyport, MA ..........................................................................................................44 Oakland, ME ..................................................................................................................51 Old Orchard Beach, ME ................................................................................................55 Portsmouth, NH .............................................................................................................60 Presque Isle, ME ............................................................................................................65 Rockland, ME ................................................................................................................70 Saco, ME. .......................................................................................................................75 Sanford, ME. ..................................................................................................................79 Waterville, ME ...............................................................................................................83 V. Conclusions ............................................................................................................................87 VI. Appendices Appendix A: Interviewees ............................................................................................... A Appendix A1: Interview Script ....................................................................................... C Appendix B: Interview Questions ................................................................................... D Appendix C: Community Profile Data Collection Template ........................................... i Appendix D: Field Study Data Collection Template ................................................. xvii Appendix E: Compete Reference Set Variables .......................................................... lxiv Appendix F: Literature Review ..................................................................................... -1- Appendix G: Researcher Credentials .............................................................................. a VII. Bibliography .........................................................................................................................94 I. Introduction The purpose of this research is to consider the efforts made by municipalities to revitalize their downtowns and improve community livability. Our primary focus will be on Maine municipalities, but we will include two case studies outside of Maine to provide a comparison. We are also including communities in both northern and southern Maine, as well as both coastal and inland communities. By using this approach, we can identify common indicators of success, independent of geographic location. Many places, particularly in a state like Maine, measure the quality of life based on rural atmospheres and outdoor recreational opportunities. However, just as must attention should be placed on urban or “built environments.” Public spaces such as libraries, theaters, schools, churches and civic buildings combined with historic homes, factories and mills can define and created a sense of community. Therefore, preservation of these places is just as important to the quality of life as maintaining rural areas or the environment. Without these edifices to history and culture intact, a community can lose its identity and the residents in turn lose their sense of “place.” The current economic downturn has no doubt severely impacted the ability of many municipalities to embark on new downtown revitalization projects. While we will consider this issue, our primary attention will not be focused on the effects of the recession. Our efforts are to identify specific projects in the 16 distinct municipalities and, based on both qualitative and quantitative data, determine what works and why. This information will then be used to create a community revitalization tool kit. We will be creating case studies for 14 Maine municipalities. We have also included 1 New Hampshire and 1 Massachusetts municipality to provide comparison case studies to see if Case Studies in Community Vitality and Downtown Revitalization Page 1 there are any similarities or differences in the methods used and approach to downtown revitalization projects. The towns we are including in our case study are: Auburn, Bath, Biddeford, Brunswick, Gardner, Lisbon, Lewiston, Oakland, Old Orchard Beach, Presque Isle, Oakland, Saco, Sanford, Waterville, Portsmouth, NH and Newburyport, MA. Case Studies in Community Vitality and Downtown Revitalization Page 2 II. Literature Review The following themes emerged from the literature and research about downtown revitalization. The literature can be broken down into several primary topics listed below. Asset Based Development Strategies “As the search for quality places grows in importance, Maine possesses a globally known brand built on an image of livable communities, stunning scenery, and recreational opportunities (The Brookings Institute, 2006).” Existing assets can be utilized to promote sustainable living and urban renewal. “People, Place, and Prosperity: 1st Report of the Governor’s Council on Maine’s Quality of Place” focuses on constructing a plan to take advantage of the assets that Maine already has and to expand and build on these assets. This involves the support of the local community as well as both financial and technical assistance at the state level. One component of the plan includes preserving both the natural and built environment that currently exists in Maine. Earlier efforts to revitalize downtown “The 1970s marked a radical departure from earlier approaches to downtown revitalization. This was induced by a growing recognition of the ineffectiveness of previous efforts at reversing CBD decline (Filion, Hoernig, Bunting, & Sands, 2004).” Prior to the 1970s, most downtown revitalization efforts consisted of trying to recreate the model that had been successful in the suburbs. Suburban shopping models consisted of indoor shopping malls and it was thought that this formula which worked in the outlying communities would also work in the downtown areas. It was believed that if dilapidated sections of the downtown were razed and replaced with glossy, modern, up-to-date development that the retail drift and urban sprawl would slow down
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