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Home , Bright Angel Trail, Esplanade Sandstone, Havasu Creek, Havasu Falls, Redwall Limestone

STATUS OF MINERAL RESOURCE INFORMATION FOR THE INDIAN RESERVATION,

By

Edward A. duBray Mark H. Hibpschman U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Bureau of Mines

Prepared by U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines for U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs

Administrative report BIA-42 1978 CONTENTS

SUMMARY...... 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 MAPS...... 2 GEOGRAPHY...... 2 PRESENT STUDY AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 2 GEOLOGY ...... 2 Previous Geologic Investigations...... 2 ...... 3 ...... 3 Redwall ...... 3 and ...... 3 ...... 3 Permian ...... 4 Hermit Shale ...... 4 ...... 4 ...... 4 Kaibab Formation ...... 4 Structure...... 4 Supai Monocline ...... 4 Sinyala Fault ...... 5 MINERAL RESOURCES...... 5 General...... 5 Energy Resources...... 5 Uranium...... 5 Petroleum, Coal, and Natural Gas...... 5 Metallic Minerals ...... 6 Nonmetallic Mineral Resources ...... 6 Travertine...... 6 Sand and Gravel...... 6 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER WORK ...... 6 REFERENCES ...... 7 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman

SUMMARY Section 10(b)5 of the law states: "no commercial timber production, no Known mineral resources on the Havasupai commercial mining or mineral production, Indian Reservation include lead, zinc, silver, and no commercial or industrial develop- vanadium, sand and gravel, travertine, and possibly ment shall be permitted on such lands." uranium. Only travertine and sand and gravel are on the portion of the reservation that can be mined, The only known mineral deposit is located just and the travertine occurs near the scenic falls of north of the 3,058 acres and is described in this and thus could not be mined for report. aesthetic reasons. Sand and gravel probably will be The tribal council and chairman requested that used by the tribe on an as needed basis. The metal- this report be the only mineral resources report lic ores are on the part of the reservation that is prepared on reservation lands and that no subse- withdrawn from mining by law. quent work be planned concerning mineral re- sources on the reservation. INTRODUCTION The village of Supai, Havasupai tribal head- quarters, is located in Havasu Canyon on the This report was prepared for the U.S. Bureau of original 3,058 acres (Figure 1). According to the Indian Affairs by the U.S. Geological Survey and Bureau of Indian Affairs (1976), the tribal popula- the U.S. Bureau of Mines under an agreement to tion, living on the reservation, is 302. The entire compile and summarize available information on reservation is an area of outstanding scenic attrac- the geology, mineral resources, and potential for tion, and tourism supplies a large part of both tribal mineral development on certain Indian lands. and individual income. Source material consisted of published and unpub- The Supai village is about 75 road miles lished reports, and personal communication. There northeast of Peach Springs, Arizona. U.S. Highway was no field work. 66 and the Santa Fe Railroad pass through Peach The Havasupai Indian Reservation is wholly Springs. No road extends from the rim to the within Coconino County, Arizona. Most of the village so all access is by foot, horse or mule, or reservation lies below the south rim of the Grand helicopter. Canyon and is bounded on the east and north by Principal population centers of the region are National Park. In 1944 the reserva- Flagstaff, about 150 miles southeast of the reserva- tion was designated as an area of 3,058 acres in tion (population 26,117), Kingman, about 115 Havasu Canyon. Public Law 93-620 (88 Stat. miles southwest (population 7,312), and Peach 2089) of Jan. 3, 1976, increased the size of the Springs about 75 miles southwest (population reservation by 185,000 acres that surround the approximately 600, BIA personal communication). original 3,058-acre area. The same law granted the Phoenix, with an area population of 863,357, is tribe an additional 95,300 acres of land for grazing about 350 miles south of the reservation (Dept. of and other traditional use (Figure 1). However, Commerce, 1973). ______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 1 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman

MAPS The many tributaries of Cataract Canyon cut into the plateau, and occasional knolls rise above it. All The reservation is covered by 15' U.S. Geologi- drainage in the area is into Cataract Canyon and cal Survey topographic maps: National Canyon, thence into the . Havasu Creek in Supai, Havasupai, , Kanab Point, Havasu Canyon south of Navajo Falls is the only Tuckup Canyon, and Black Tank Wash. The Grand perennial stream on the reservation. Canyon and Williams 1:250,000 scale maps also include the reservation. The geologic map of PRESENT STUDY AND ACKNOWLEDG- Coconino County, by the Arizona Bureau of Mines MENTS and the University of Arizona, presents a general view of the regional geology. A more detailed The regional geology is summarized from the geologic map of Grand Canyon geology is the one Coconino County, Arizona, geologic map and from by Maxson (1969) and a colored geologic map was Maxson's (1969) preliminary geologic map of the published in 1976 by the Grand Canyon Natural Grand Canyon west and central section. Mineral History Association and the Museum of Northern claim locations and descriptions are found in the Arizona. The Bureau of Land Management areas of CRIB (computerized resource information bank) administrative responsibilities map indicates land file, references cited therein, and in other cited ownership status and land use patterns. County literature concerned with mineral deposits in road maps are available from the Arizona Depart- Arizona. M. G. Johnson assisted with the CRIB ment of Transportation. file search. Aerial photographs of the reservation area can be obtained from U.S. Geological Survey and the GEOLOGY Army Map Service. Photos can be ordered from the EROS Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Previous Geologic Investigations Dakota. Since its discovery by white men, the Grand GEOGRAPHY Canyon and its environs has attracted many earth scientists. In 1861 J. S. Newberry of the Ives The reservation is on the Coconino Plateau at Expedition descended Peach Springs Canyon to the the southern edge of the Grand Canyon and is Colorado River and described the physiography characterized by spectacular scenery (Figure 2). It and geology of this region 40 miles southwest of includes one large side canyon to the Grand Can- the Havasupai Reservation. In 1869 John Wesley yon, Cataract-Havasu Canyon. Maximum relief on Powell and his expedition passed very close to the the reservation is 3,700 feet between Mooney Falls reservation as they made a descent of the Colorado and the high point on the Coconino Plateau. River in boats. The Paleozoic rocks of the Grand The elevation of the plateau ranges from 5,600 Canyon were studied by early geologists including to 6,000 feet and is generally highest to the east. G. K. Gilbert and C . E. Dutton in the late 1800's. ______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 2 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman

Walcott (1890, p. 584) measured a section at limestone, which contains thin beds and blebs of Nankoweap Valley, Darton (1915) measured one chert, substantial amounts of dolomite, and zones on the Bright Angel Trail, and Noble (1922) characterized by dense accumulations of crinoid measured a section on Shinumo Creek in Bass debris. Four members have been distinguished by Canyon. McKee and Gutschick (1969) on the basis of Additional works on the Grand Canyon region lithology. These various lithologies indicate that include McKee (1933a, 1933b, 1938, 1969, 1974), three transgressions and regressions of the sea McKee and Breed (1969), McKee and Gutschick occurred across the Grand Canyon region during (1969), McKee and McKee (1972), Maxson Mississippian time. (1967), and Ragan and Sheridan (1970). Maxson's (1969) geologic map of the west and central sec-     tions is the most detailed map available. Supai Group.--Until recently the term Supai Stratigraphy had formational status. McKee (1975) made it a group, split into four formations on the basis of The Paleozoic rocks exposed on the Havasupai lithology and contained fossils. Each of these, the Indian Reservation belong to the classic Grand Watahomigi Formation, the , Canyon section. The spectacular scenery and the the , and Esplanade Sand- excellent outcrops have drawn many geologists to stone, in ascending order, is separated from the study this section, hence the rocks are well known. rocks above and below by channelized uncon- More detailed descriptions and regional correla- formities with up to 30 feet of relief on the uncon- tions are presented in McKee (1938b, 1938, 1969, formity surfaces. The Supai Group consists mostly 1974, 1975), McNair (1951), and McKee and of limy sandstone, sandy and silty limestone, and Gutschick (1969). A generalized geologic map is siltstone, all with reddish hues. The Watahomigi, presented on Figure 3 and a generalized geologic which rests unconformably on the underlying section is presented on Figure 4. , is a thin-bedded gray lime- stone with red-brown siltstone and is about 300  feet thick. The three overlying formations consist chiefly of red-brown siltstone, and the uppermost Redwall Limestone.--The Redwall Limestone forms a conspicuous cliff. crops out as a conspicuous cliff throughout the The whole group is about 1,000 feet thick and Grand Canyon region. The cliff, surficially stained forms unimpressive slopes and benches due to its reddish orange by wash from the overlying red low resistance to erosion. Westward, limestone and rocks of the Supai Group, is 500 feet high and is dolomite become more prevalent, and the group locally cavernous. This formation unconformably forms more clifflike outcrops. overlies rocks. Typically light gray, the Redwall is an aphanitic to coarsely crystalline ______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 3 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman

 Kaibab Formation.--This is the only formation exposed outside of Cataract Canyon. It forms the Hermit Shale.--On the east edge of the rim of the canyon and the surface of the Coconino Coconino Plateau the Hermit Shale is 930 feet Plateau in this region. Like the Toroweap Forma- thick, and it thickens to the west. It is principally tion the represents a transgres- composed of nonresistant, thinly-bedded, silty and sion of a late Permian sea across the Grand Canyon shaly sandstone. It has a gradational contact with region, and it also has been split into , , and  the underlying Supai Group. units. Units  and  are similar to their counter- parts in the Toroweap Formation. Unit  grades Coconino Sandstone.--Large crossbeds charac- from limestone to sandstone from west to east. The terize this clean well-sorted sandstone. The sand- contact between the Kaibab and Toroweap Forma- stone is light tan and consists of moderately tions is an unconformity. rounded quartz grains. The crossbeds indicate an eolian origin for the Coconino sandstone. Fossil Structure footprints interpreted to be those of large reptiles are not uncommon. Like most Paleozoic and younger rocks in the Colorado Plateaus Province, those of the Toroweap Formation.--The Toroweap Forma- Havasupai Indian Reservation are very little de- tion, like those described above, crops out only in formed, although they have been uplifted many Cataract Canyon and in its deeply incised tributar- thousands of feet from their original site of deposi- ies. It represents transgression of a late Permian sea tion. The area is cut by several major high-angle across the Grand Canyon area from the west. The faults and monoclines (Figure 2). In the Cataract formation has been divided into three units; , , Canyon area the major structural features are the and  (Figure 4). The transgressing sea deposited Sinyala fault (trending northeast) and the Supai primarily carbonate sediments, with a maximum Monocline (trending north). These structures thickness of 350 feet on the west side of Coconino parallel major structural trends of the southern part Plateas. The  unit, deposited during marine of the Colorado Plateaus Province. Other small regression, consists of redbeds, thin residual northeast-trending faults, and many slumps and , and beds of gypsum, and forms low landslides occur within the reservation as well. cliffs. The  unit is predominantly carbonate sediments, deposited during the maximum advance    of the sea; it forms high cliffs. The  unit, depos- ited during transgression, is a thin slope-forming The Supai Monocline trends north-northwest mudstone and shale deposit. The mudstone and parallel to Cataract Canyon and crosses the Colo- shale beds are red and tend to stain the remainder rado River one-quarter mile upstream from the of the formation and underlying rocks red as well. mouth of that canyon. It is an anomalous feature for the Grand Canyon region as it dips to the west; ______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 4 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman most other monoclines dip to the east. The silver, zinc, uranium, vanadium, limestone, sand- monocline is nowhere more than a mile in width stone, travertine, and sand and gravel. and all strata in it dip less than 10. Maximum displacement on the flexure is 200 feet. Where the Energy Resources monocline crosses the Colorado River, the is tightly folded, and the fold is com- Uranium has been found on and near the pressed to a width of several hundred feet. reservation. No coal, petroleum, natural gas, or Huntoon (1974) notes that this is in agreement helium have been found in this part of Arizona. with the theory that the monoclines of the Grand Canyon region grade downward into reverse faults. 

     Occurrences of uranium in the Colorado Pla- teaus Province are mostly confined to sedimentary The Sinyala Fault trends northeast and crosses rocks containing abundant organic detritus and Havasu Canyon between Beaver and Mooney silicified wood. Parts of the Supai Group and Falls. This fault is a good example of the tendency Hermit Shale contain organic-rich sedimentary for the faults of this region to die out upward. The rocks similar to those that elsewhere have uranium Precambrian rocks along the Colorado River are accumulations. offset a maximum of 12 feet, west side down. Two On the Havasupai Reservation a uranium thousand feet higher in the section the maximum occurrence is reported in sec. 2, T. 32 N., R. 4 W. offset of the sedimentary rocks is 5 feet. This (CRIB). Uranium is reported at several places in difference reflects the fact that deformation of the the adjacent Reservation to the west, and Paleozoic rocks of the region was minor as com- at the Orphan Mine, just north of the South Rim pared to the much stronger deformation of the headquarters of Grand Canyon National Park. No older rocks in Precambrian time. uranium ore has been produced from any of these occurrences on the reservation. MINERAL RESOURCES        General Pierce, Keith, and Wilt (1970) report that a test Prospectors roamed the Grand Canyon between hole for petroleum near the Havasupai Reservation the late 1860's and the middle 1900's. Much of in T. 28 N., R. 1 W., penetrated the their history and what they found has gone unre- and was classified as dry. All corded. other test holes in northwestern Arizona have also The known mineral occurrences of the been dry. The entire sedimentary section of the Havasupai Reservation are confined to Cataract Havasupai Reservation is exposed in the Grand Canyon and its tributaries, and they include lead, Canyon, and no hydrocarbons have been reported ______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 5 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman in any of the formations. The outlook for produc- and possibly platinum have been reported in other tion in this area is poor. parts of the reservation but further investigations have not confirmed their presence. None are shown Metallic Minerals on Figure 1.

The Bridal Veil or Johnson claims are situated Nonmetallic Mineral Resources between and Mooney Falls about 2,000 feet north of the original 3,058-acre reserva-   tion, as shown on Figure 1. The deposit lies 50 to 250 feet above the floor of Havasu Canyon on a Travertine occurs in enormous quantities both perpendicular cliff. on the original 3,058 acre reservation and in The deposit was discovered in 1885, and the Havasu Canyon below it. However, the material last known development work was in 1924. Ac- within the original reservation is around the scenic cording to Ferris and Busch (1924, p. 10, 23-24), falls of Havasu Creek and aesthetic considerations, several hundred tons of lead, silver, and zinc ore inaccessibility, and lack of roads would preclude was produced. The same authors state that the mining. vanadium was not recognized by the early miners and was discarded in the dump.     The deposit is described as being in collapsed solution cavities formed along the bedding planes Sand and gravel occurs along the course of of the Redwall Limestone. According to Ferris and Havasu Creek and has been and probably will Busch (p. 24), mineralization consists of galena, continue to be used to a very limited extent by the sphalerite, cerussite, anglesite, smithsonite, tribe for concrete aggregate. It is unlikely that vanadinite, pyrite, calcite, barite, gypsum, and significant quantities of the material will ever be possibly calamine. Keith (1969), on his Map of required. Known Metallic Mineral Occurrences (excluding base and precious metal) in Arizona, shows ura- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER nium at the Bridal Veil mines location, but no WORK other information is available concerning the mineral. The law states that no mineral development can Development work has been done on the occur on the land recently given to the tribe, and deposit, but collectively probably does not total the Chairman and Tribal Council requested that no more than a few hundred feet of underground further mineral investigations be undertaken. workings on several claims. Therefore, there are no recommendations for The deposit is within that part of the reserva- further mineral related work on the Havasupai tion on which the law states that mining will not be Indian Reservation. allowed. Minor showings of uranium, lead, silver, ______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 6 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman

REFERENCES Fowler, D. D., Euler, R. C., and Fowler, C. S., 1969, John Wesley Powell and the anthropol- Allen, M. A., and Butler, G. M., 1921, Vanadium: ogy of the Grand Canyon: U.S. Geological Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 115, 23 p. Survey Professional Paper 670, 30 p. Anthony, J. W., Wilson, E. D., and Moore, R. T., Galbraith, F. W., 1941, Minerals of Arizona: Bibliography of the geology and mineral re- Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 149, 82 p. sources of Arizona: Arizona Bureau of Mines Hughes, J. D., 1967, The story of man at the Bulletin 161, 62 p. Grand Canyon: Grand Canyon Natural History Arizona Bureau of Mines and University of Ari- Association, 195 p. zona, 1960, Geologic map of Coconino Hunt, C. B., 1969, Geologic history of the Colo- County, Arizona: Arizona counties map series, rado River: U.S. Geological Professional Paper scale 1:375,000. 669C, p. 59-130. Blake, W. P., 1900, Does platinum occur in Ari- Huntoon, P. W., 1974, The post-Paleozoic struc- zona: Engineering and Mining Journal, v. 69, tural geology of the eastern Grand Canyon, p. 224. Arizona, in Geology of the Grand Canyon: Darton, N. H., 1915, A reconnaissance of parts of Museum of Northern Arizona and Grand northwestern New Mexico and northern Ari- Canyon Natural History Association, p. zona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 435, p. 82-115. 21. 1925, A resume of Arizona Geology: Huntoon, P. W., Billingsley, G. H., Jr., Breed, W. University of Arizona Bulletin, 298 p. J., Sears, J. W., Ford, T. D., Clark, M. D., Darton, N. H., and others, 1915, Guidebook of the Babcock, R. S., and Brown, E. H., 1976, Geo- Western : U.S. Geological Survey logic map of the Grand Canyon National Park, Bulletin 613, p. 123-139. Arizona: Grand Canyon, Arizona, Grand Dutton, C. E., 1882, The physical geology of the Canyon Natural History Association, and Grand Canyon District: U.S. Geological Sur- Flagstaff, Arizona, Museum of Northern Ari- vey 2nd Annual Report XII-XVI, p. 49-161. zona, scale 1:62,500. Ferris, H. A., and Busch, J. E., 1924, Bridal Veil Keith, S. B., 1969, Map of known metallic min- mines in Cataract Canyon Arizona: Arizona eral occurrences (excluding base and precious Mining Journal, v. 8, no. 7, p. 9-10, 23-24. metals) in Arizona: Arizona Bureau of Mines, Flagg, A. L., Mineralogical journeys in Arizona: 1 sheet. Published by F. H. Bitner, Scottsdale, Arizona, Keith, S. B., 1969a, Map of known nonferrous 1958, 93 p. base and precious metal mineral occurrences in Forrester, J. D., and Moore, R. T., 1962, Maps Arizona: Tucson, Arizona Bureau of Mines with special reference to geologic and mineral scale 1:1,000,000. maps of Arizona: Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 170.

______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 7 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman

Koons, D. E., 1945, Geology of the Uinkaret _____,1969, Stratified rocks at the Grand Canyon, Plateau, Northern Arizona: Geological Society in The Colorado River region and John Wesley of America Bulletin, v. 56, February 1945, p. Powell: U.S. Geological Survey Professional 151-180. Paper 669-B, p. 23-58. _____,1948a, Geology of Eastern Hualapai Reser- _____,1974, Paleozoic rocks of the Grand Can- vation: Plateau Quarterly, v. 20, no. 4, April yon, in Geology of the Grand Canyon: Mu- 1948, p. 53-60. seum of Northern Arizona and Grand Canyon _____,1948b, High level gravels of Western Natural History Association, 183 p. Grand Canyon: Science, v. 107, May 7, 1948, _____,1975, The Supai Group--subdivision and p. 475-476. nomenclature: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin Lucchitta, Ivo, 1975, Applications of ERTS im- 1395-J, 13 p. ages and image processing to regional geologic McKee, E. D., and Breed, W. J., 1969, The problems and geologic mapping in northern Toroweap Formation and Kaibab Limestone, in Arizona: California Institute of Technology Jet San Andreas Limestone and its correlatives: Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics New Mexico Geological Society Symposium, and Space Administrative Technical Report p. 12-26. 32-1597, p. 97-106. McKee, E. D., and Gutschick, R. C., 1969, His- Maxson, J. H., 1967, Preliminary geologic map of tory of the Redwall Limestone of northern the Grand Canyon-Eastern Section: Grand Arizona: Geological Society of America Mem- Canyon Natural History Association Publica- oir 114, 726 p. tion. McKee, E. D., and McKee, E. H., 1972, Pliocene Maxson, J. H., 1969, Preliminary geologic map of uplift of the Grand Canyon region, time of the Grand Canyon-Central and Western Sec- drainage adjustment: Geological Society of tion: Grand Canyon Natural History Associa- America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 1923-1932. tion Publication. McKee, E. H., Gomez, P. M., and Hibpshman, M. McKee, E. D., 1933a, Landslides and their part in H., 1977, Status of mineral resource informa- widening the Grand Canyon: Grand Canyon tion for the Hualapai Indian Reservation, Nature Notes, v. 8, p. 158-161. Arizona: U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, Ad- _____,1933b, The Coconino Sandstone--its his- ministrative report BIA-31, 38 p. tory and origin, in Contributions to Paleontol- McNair, A. H., 1951, Paleozoic stratigraphy of ogy: Carnegie Institute of Washington Publica- part of northwestern Arizona: American Asso- tion 440, p. 78-115. ciation Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 35, _____,1938, Environment and history of the no. 3, p. 503-541. Toroweap and Kaibab Formations of northern Moore, R. T., 1955, One hundred Arizona miner- Arizona and southern Utah: Carnegie Institute als: Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin 165, 30 of Washington Publication 942, 268 p. p.

______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 8 Status of Mineral Resource Information For The Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona Edward A. duBray and Mark H. Hibpschman

Noble, L. F., 1914, The Shinumo quadrangle, sance for uranium in Coconino County, Ari- Grand Canyon district Arizona: U.S. Geologi- zona: U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, and cal Survey Bulletin 549, p. 93-96. U.S. Geological Survey, 1951-1955, _____,1922, A section of the Paleozoic forma- RME-155, 119 p. tions of the Grand Canyon at the Bass Trail: U. S. Bureau of Competition, 1975, Report to the U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper Federal Trade Commission on mineral leasing 131, p. 23-73. on Indian lands, 226 p. Noble, L. F., and Hunter, J. R., 1917, A reconnais- U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs, 1976, Information sance of the Archean Complex of the Granite profiles of Indian reservations in Arizona, Gorge, Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geologi- Nevada, and Utah: p. 39-41. cal Survey Professional Paper 98, p. 95-113. U.S. Bureau of Land Management, 1964, Areas of Pierce, G. W., Keith, S. B., and Wilt, J. C., 1970, administrative responsibility of federal lands Coal, oil, natural gas, helium, and uranium in map, scale 1:500,000. Arizona: Arizona Bureau of Mines Bulletin U.S. Department of Commerce, 1970, U.S. Cen- 182, 239 p. sus of population for Arizona: p. 4-10. Quiring, H., 1962, Platinmettelae in Die _____,1974, Federal and State Indian reservation Metallischen Rohstoffe, 16 Band: Stuttgart, and Indian trust areas: p. 59-60. Ferdinund Euke Verlag, 288 p. U.S. Geological Survey, Utah Geological and Ragan, D. M., and Sheridan, M. F., 1970, The Mineralogical Survey and Arizona Bureau of Archean rocks of the Grand Canyon, Arizona: Mines, 1969, Mineral and water resources of Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Arizona: Prepared for U.S. Senate Committee Programs, v. 2, no. 2, p. 132-133. on Interior and Insular Affairs, Washington, Ransome, F. L., 1917, Some Paleozoic sections in D.C., 638 p. Arizona and their correlation. Chapter in Walcott, C. D., 1890, The fauna of the Lower shorter contributions to general geology, 1916: Cambrian or Olenellus zinc: U.S. Geological U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 98, Survey Tenth Annual Report, pt. 1, p. 509-760. p. 162-163. Wilson, E. D., 1939, Bibliography of the geology Stipp, T. F., Haigler, L. B., Alto, B. B., and and mineral resources of Arizona: Arizona Sutherland, H. L., 1967, Reported occurrences Bureau of Mines Bulletin 13, 164 p. of selected minerals in Arizona: U.S. Geologi- _____,1950, Arizona zinc and lead deposits: cal Survey Map MR 46. Arizona Bureau of Mines Geological Series 18, Swapp, C. W., 1956, Arizona, boom or bust: Bulletin 156, 144 p. World Oil, v. 143, no. 1, p. 81-91. Wilson, E. D., and Roseveare, G. H., 1949, Ari- Townsend, R. C., 1961, Stone in Arizona: Ari- zona nonmetallics: 2nd Edition, Arizona Bu- zona Development Board, 50 p. reau of Mines, Mineral Technology Bulletin U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and U.S. Geo- 42, 23 p. logical Survey, 1970, Preliminary reconnais- ______BIA Administrative Report 42 (1978) 9 Figure 1. Map showing roads and mineral occurrences on Havasupai Indian Reservation, Arizona.

Figure 2. Physiographic features, major faults, and monoclines (showing dip) in and near the Havasupai Indian Reservation. Heavy dashed lines mark boundaries of physiographic subdivisions; relative movement on faults shown by D, down, and U, up. (Modified from Huntoon, 1974). Figure 3. Geologic map of the Havasupai Indian Reservation. (Modified from Maxson, 1969). Figure 4. Stratigraphic section of the Grand Canyon section rocks that are exposed on the Havasupai Indian Reservation. Not drawn to scale (modified from Lucchitta, 1975).