Important Lessons from History
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1921 Tulsa Race Riot Reconnaissance Survey
1921 Tulsa Race Riot Reconnaissance Survey Final November 2005 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Summary Statement 1 Bac.ground and Purpose 1 HISTORIC CONTEXT 5 National Persp4l<live 5 1'k"Y v. f~u,on' World War I: 1896-1917 5 World W~r I and Postw~r ( r.: 1!1t7' EarIV 1920,; 8 Tulsa RaCR Riot 14 IIa<kground 14 TI\oe R~~ Riot 18 AIt. rmath 29 Socilot Political, lind Economic Impa<tsJRamlt;catlon, 32 INVENTORY 39 Survey Arf!a 39 Historic Greenwood Area 39 Anla Oubi" of HiOlorK G_nwood 40 The Tulsa Race Riot Maps 43 Slirvey Area Historic Resources 43 HI STORIC GREENWOOD AREA RESOURCeS 7J EVALUATION Of NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE 91 Criteria for National Significance 91 Nalional Signifiunce EV;1lu;1tio.n 92 NMiol\ill Sionlflcao<e An.aIYS;s 92 Inl~ri ly E~alualion AnalY'is 95 {"",Iu,ion 98 Potenl l~1 M~na~menl Strategies for Resource Prote<tion 99 PREPARERS AND CONSULTANTS 103 BIBUOGRAPHY 105 APPENDIX A, Inventory of Elltant Cultural Resoun:es Associated with 1921 Tulsa Race Riot That Are Located Outside of Historic Greenwood Area 109 Maps 49 The African American S«tion. 1921 51 TI\oe Seed. of c..taotrophe 53 T.... Riot Erupt! SS ~I,.,t Blood 57 NiOhl Fiohlino 59 rM Inva.ion 01 iliad. TIll ... 61 TM fighl for Standp''''' Hill 63 W.II of fire 65 Arri~.. , of the Statl! Troop< 6 7 Fil'lal FiOlrtino ~nd M~,,;~I I.IIw 69 jii INTRODUCTION Summary Statement n~sed in its history. -
The Supreme Court, Segregation Legislation, and the African American Press, 1877-1920
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2007 Slipping Backwards: The Supreme Court, Segregation Legislation, and the African American Press, 1877-1920 Kathryn St.Clair Ellis University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Ellis, Kathryn St.Clair, "Slipping Backwards: The Supreme Court, Segregation Legislation, and the African American Press, 1877-1920. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2007. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/160 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Kathryn St.Clair Ellis entitled "Slipping Backwards: The Supreme Court, Segregation Legislation, and the African American Press, 1877-1920." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in History. W. Bruce Wheeler, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Ernest Freeberg, Stephen V. Ash, -
Publicity and the De-Legitimation of Lynching∗
\Judge Lynch" in the Court of Public Opinion: Publicity and the De-legitimation of Lynching∗ Michael Weaver Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Political Science University of British Columbiay [email protected] November 8, 2018 Abstract How does violence become publicly unacceptable? I address this question in the context of lynching in United States. Between 1880 and the 1930s, public discourse about lynching moved from open or tacit endorsement to widespread condemnation. I argue this occurred because of increasing publicity for lynchings. While locals justified nearby lynchings, publicity exposed lynching to distant, un-supportive audiences and allowed African Americans to safely articulate counter-narratives and condemnations. I test this argument using data on lynchings, rail networks, and newspaper coverage of lynchings in millions of issues across thousands of newspapers. I find that lynchings in counties with greater access to publicity (via rail networks) saw more and geographically dispersed coverage, that distant coverage was more critical, and that increased risk of media exposure may have reduced the incidence of lynching. I discuss how publicity could be a mechanism for strengthening or weakening justifications of violence in other contexts. ∗I would like to thank the anonymous reviewers, Gareth Nellis, Elisabeth Wood, Vesla Weaver, Steven Wilkinson, Nikhar Gaikwad, as well as participants in the Yale Comparative Politics Workshop, the 2015 Politics and History conference, the 2015 American Political Science Association conference, and the 2015 Berkeley Electoral Violence conference for helpful comments and advice. I would also like to thank my research assistants|Nina Shirole, Bahja Alammari, Emily Beatty, Andi Jordan, Emil Lauritsen, Emma Lodge, and Arian Zand|for their invaluable work on this project. -
MERCER LAW REVIEW [Vol
508 MERCER LAW REVIEW [Vol. 67 Georgia, across this country, and the impact he has had on students, like myself and Professor Gerwig-Moore, would be unmanageable. Ladies and Gentlemen, distinguished guests, law school faculty, and most esteemed colleagues, it is my pleasure to introduce to you our wonderful, distinguished keynote speaker, Mr. Stephen B. Bright. MR. BRIGHT: I cannot tell you how honored and delighted I am to be here at Mercer. I have always had a special place in my heart for Mercer. There is no greater dean of any law school in the United States of America than Daisy Floyd. I am particularly glad to be here with Dean Floyd serving her second term as dean of the law school, and I know how much you all benefit from that. I also am so glad to be invited by Sarah Gerwig-Moore. She took my class when she was at Emory Law School. I am very proud of my students and what many of them have gone on to do, and she is one that I am most proud of. Her program here at Mercer provides post-conviction legal representa- tion to people. For those people, that is the only possibility of legal representation they have. People have a right to a lawyer at trial and on appeal. However, for someone who is wrongly convicted and sentenced to prison in Georgia, there is no right to a lawyer for review in stages beyond that-habeas corpus proceedings in the state and federal courts. What type of legal system has a mechanism for correcting Constitutional errors but does not give people lawyers to correct those errors? This is one of the things we have to change in the legal system. -
Criminal Trials As Morality Plays: Good and Evil
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Saint Louis University School of Law Research: Scholarship Commons Saint Louis University Law Journal Volume 55 Number 4 Front Page: Notes on the Nature of Article 11 the Headline Trial (Summer 2011) 2011 Criminal Trials as Morality Plays: Good and Evil George C. Thomas III Rutgers School of Law, Newark, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/lj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation George C. Thomas III, Criminal Trials as Morality Plays: Good and Evil, 55 St. Louis U. L.J. (2011). Available at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/lj/vol55/iss4/11 This Childress Lecture is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Saint Louis University Law Journal by an authorized editor of Scholarship Commons. For more information, please contact Susie Lee. SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW CRIMINAL TRIALS AS MORALITY PLAYS: GOOD AND EVIL GEORGE C. THOMAS III* INTRODUCTION It is trite, but true, that criminal trials function as morality plays. This helps explain the enduring popularity of the various iterations of Law and Order. The police almost always identify a guilty suspect and the prosecution almost always manages to get a conviction. The guilty are brought to justice. But famous trials are often vessels for a more complicated moral message. What exactly was the message sent by the Loeb and Leopold trial? Was it Clarence Darrow’s determinist claim that they were not to blame because their impulses were produced by forces outside of their control? Nature, he argued to the judge, “works in her own mysterious way, and we are her victims.”1 Or was the message the one sent by the sentence—life plus ninety-nine years— that no one is above the law?2 Or perhaps the judge’s decision not to impose the death penalty was a partial vindication of Darrow’s determinist claim.3 Was the message of the O.J. -
TJLP Volume 8 Number 1
et al.: TJLP Volume 8 Number 1 8.1 Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy 1 tE ' z X2004 X The TENNESSEE JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLICY is published semi-annually and edited by students of the University of Tennessee College of Law. The publisher is the TENNESSEE JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLICY, 1505 W. Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1810. The domestic subscription rate is $20.00 per volume, and the foreign subscription rate is $25.00 per volume. Unless notice to the contrary is received, the TENNESSEE JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLICY assumes that a renewal of the subscription is desired. All claims of non-receipt of an issue should be made within six months of date of publication if claimant wishes to avoid paying for the missing issue. To order back issues, contact William S. Hein & Co., Inc. at 1285 Main Street, Buffalo NY 14209-1987, or call toll free at (800) 828-7571. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: TENNESSEE JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLICY, 1505 W. Cumberland Ave., Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1810. Copyright @ 2012, TENNESSEE JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLICY, University of Tennessee College of Law. All Rights Reserved. ISSN 1940-4131 http://www.law.utk.edu/publications/tjlp.sht 1 Published by Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange, 2012 1 Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy, Vol. 8, Iss. 1 [2012], Art. 1 8.1 Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy 2 ARTICLES CLINICAL USE OF PLACEBOS: MEDICINE, NEUROSCIENCE, ETHICS AND THE LAW Steven B. Perimutter,M.D. JOINT AUTHORITY? THE CASE FOR STATE-BASED MARIJUANA REGULATION Matthew Shechtman REDEFINING SUMMARY JUDGMENT BY STATUTE: THE LEGISLATIVE HISTORY OF TENNESSEE CODE ANNOTATED SECTION 20-16-101 Judy M. -
Capital Punishment: Race, Poverty & Disadvantage
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: RACE, POVERTY & DISADVANTAGE Professor Stephen B. Bright Yale Law School Class One - Part Two A BRIEF HISTORICAL Resolved, That the love of man as manifested in PERSPECTIVE his actions to his fellows, whether in his public or private relations, has ever been the surest test of The death penalty, the criminal justice system the presence of God in the soul; that the degree in and today’s mass incarceration must be viewed in which the sacredness of human life has been the context of the role that the criminal justice exemplified in all ages of the world, has been the system has played with regard to race throughout truest index of the measure of human progress; American history – maintaining slavery; that in proportion as the tide of barbarism has permitting convict leasing, which perpetuated receded, a higher regard has been manifested for slavery well into the twentieth century; terrorism the God-given right to life, its inviolability has (lynchings and other racial violence) and Jim been strengthened in proportion to the Crow Justice. development of the intellect and moral sentiments, and that conscience, reason and revelation unite * * * their testimony against the continuance of a custom, barbarous in its origin, antichristian in its RESOLUTIONS PROPOSED FOR continuance, vindictive in its character, and ANTI-CAPITAL PUNISHMENT demoralizing in its tendencies. MEETING Resolved, That any settled custom, precept, October 7, 1858, Rochester, New York example or law, the observance of which necessarily tends to cheapen -
A History of Tennessee.Indd
352 TENNESSEE BLUE BOOK A HISTORY OF TENNESSEE 353 SECTION VI Tennessee 354 TENNESSEE BLUE BOOK A HISTORY OF TENNESSEE 355 A HISTORY OF TENNESSEE The Land and Native People Tennessee’s great diversity in land, climate, rivers, and plant and animal life is mirrored by a rich and colorful past. For all but the last 200 years of the 12,000 years or so that this country has been inhabited, the story of Tennessee is the story of its native peoples. The fact that Tennessee and many of the places in it still carry Indian names serves as a lasting reminder of the significance of its native inhabit- ants. Since much of Tennessee’s appeal for her ancient people as well as for later pioneer settlers lay with the richness and beauty of the land, it seems fitting to begin by considering some of the state’s generous natural gifts. Tennessee divides naturally into three “grand divisions”—upland, often moun- tainous, East Tennessee, Middle Tennessee with its foothills and basin, and the low plain of West Tennessee. Travelers coming to the state from the east encounter first the lofty Unaka and Smoky Mountains, flanked on their western slope by the Great Valley of East Tennessee. Moving across the Valley floor, they next face the Cumberland Plateau, which historically attracted little settlement and presented a barrier to westward migration. West of the Plateau, one descends into the Cen- tral Basin of Middle Tennessee—a rolling, fertile countryside that drew hunters and settlers alike. The Central Basin is surrounded on all sides by the Highland Rim, the western ridge of which drops into the Tennessee River Valley. -
Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889-1918
vv THIRTY YEARS OF LYNCHING IN THE UNITED STATES 1889-1918 T>» Published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Notional Offict 70 Fifth Avenue, New York APRIL, 1919 PRICE - FIFTY CENTS LYNCHING PAMPHLETS* President Wilson’s Lynching and Mob Violence Pronouncement T (of July 26, 1918). Lynchings of May, 1918, in Brooks and Lowndes Counties, Georgia; an investigation by the N. A. A. C. P.; 8 pages. The Massacre of East St. Louis ; an account of an Investigation by W. E. Burg- hardt Du Bois and Martha Gruening, for the N. A. A. C. P., illustrated, 20 pages, reprinted from The Crisis for September, 1917. The Burning of Ell Person at Memphis, Tenn. ; an account taken from the Memphis daily papers of May 22, 23, 24 and June 3, 1917; 4 pages. The Burning of Ell Person at Memphis, Tenn.; an investigation by James Weldon Johnson for the N. A. A. C. P.; reprinted from The Crisis for July, 1917; 8 pages. The Lynching of Anthony Crawford (at Abbeville, S. C., October 21, 1916). Article by Roy Nash (then) Secretary, N. A. A. C. P.; reprinted from the Independent for December, 1916; 4 pages, large size. Notes on Lynching in the United States, compiled from The Crisis, 1912; 16 pages. Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889-1918, April,fl919; 105 pages, fifty cents, f The Fight Against Lynching; Anti-Lynching Work of the National Asso- ciation for the Advancement of Colored People for the year 1918; April, 1919; 20 pages, ten cents. * Copies of the pamphlets listed may be obtained from the Secretary of the Association, t Through a typographical error, this publication was advertised in the Association’s annual report (for 1018 ) at fifteen cents instead of fifty cents. -
Black Femininity Through the White Speculum
Black Femininity through the White Speculum: The Implications of Medicosocialism and the Disproportionate Regulation of Black Women’s Reproductive Autonomy By Imari Zhané Smith A thesis submitted to the Department of Women’s Studies for Graduation with Distinction Duke University Durham, North Carolina 2016 Table of Contents Abstract....................................................................................................................3 Introduction: #SayHerName..................................................................................4 A Medicosocial Dilemma: Being Alive, Woman, and Colored..........................14 Section One: Pro-Reproduction and Slavery......................................................19 Part I: Defining Black Femininity in the Context of Slavery........................................................20 Part II: Black Women as Living Cadavers....................................................................................27 Part III: Breeding a Black Labor Force.........................................................................................39 Section Two: Emancipation and Anti-Reproduction.........................................40 Part I: Freedom and the Depreciation of Black Reproduction.......................................................41 Part II: Methods for Reproductive Management via Margaret Sanger..........................................47 Part III: Tantalizing the Talented Tenth.........................................................................................52 -
Making a National Crime: the Transformation of US Lynching Politics 1883-1930
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository Making a National Crime: The Transformation of US Lynching Politics 1883-1930 Charles Franklin Seguin A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Kenneth Andrews Christopher Bail Frank Baumgartner Fitzhugh Brundage Neal Caren Charles Kurzman ©2016 Charles Franklin Seguin ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Charles Franklin Seguin: Making a National Crime: The Transformation of US Lynching Politics 1883-1930 Under the direction of Kenneth Andrews Between the Post-Civil War Reconstruction era and stretching into the beginning of the Civil Rights era, a dramatic shift occurred in the public representations of lynching. Lynching was originally framed as a form of rough justice and popular sovereignty—a necessary response to the heinous crimes of blacks and slow courts. But, over this period, roughly 1883-1930, lynching came to be understood as a form of brutality, anarchy, and “barbarism”. This dissertation addresses the causes and consequences of the changing meanings of lynching. I argue that lynching was increasingly criticized as lynch mobs victimized people from outside of the usual black Southern victims, and thus expanded the scope of anti-lynching politics. iii For Barbara Seguin iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are owed first and foremost to my adviser Kenneth Andrews who has been the best adviser and mentor that anyone could hope for. Many thanks also to my committee members, Chris Bail, Frank Baumgartner, Fitzhugh Brundage, Neal Caren, and Charles Kurzman: they made this dissertation possible, and they made it better, it would be better still if I had heeded all their advice. -
Copyright by Petert Bishop Caster 2004
Copyright by Petert Bishop Caster 2004 The Dissertation Committee for Peter Bishop Caster Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: THE LANGUAGE OF THE PRISON HOUSE: INCARCERATION, RACE, AND MASCULINITY IN TWENTIETH CENTURY U.S. LITERATURE Committee: Evan Carton, Supervisor Phil Barrish Barbara Harlow Martin Kevorkian David Oshinsky THE LANGUAGE OF THE PRISON HOUSE: INCARCERATION, RACE, AND MASCULINITY IN TWENTIETH CENTURY U.S. LITERATURE by Peter Bishop Caster, B.A., M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2004 ACKNOWLEDG MENTS The committee supervising this dissertation proved invaluable in their diligent reading and careful comments, and I thank Evan Carton, Barbara Harlow, Phil Barrish, Martin Kevorkian, and David Oshinsky for their tireless efforts. As the primary advisor, Carton in particular read early, unpolished work and helped shape its development. Many others have provided useful feedback on early drafts of chapters, and I thank Warwick Wadlington, Jill Dolan, Julie Sievers, Douglas Taylor, Timothy Buckner, Zac hary Dobbins, Richard Schechner, and the staff and anonymous reviewers for both The Faulkner Journal and The Drama Review . Versions of Chapter Two and Chapter Five, respectively, appeared in those journals, and I am grateful for permission to reprint that material here. The Austin, Texas playwright Ken Webster provided extensive personal background for his writing of Jury Duty as well as a draft of the unpublished manuscript. Much of the material in this dissertation appeared in early draft form at numer ous conferences, including the USC English Conference in Drama, the Northeast Modern Language Association, the American Comparative Literature Association, and the American Studies Association.