DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT TIRUPPUR DISTRICT Chapter Content Page No. 1. Introduction 4 2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District 5 The list of Mining Leases in the District with location, area and 3. 5 period of validity 4 Details of Royalty or Revenue received in last three years 6 5 Details of Production of Minor Mineral in last three years 7 6 Process of Deposition of Sediments in the rivers of the District 8 – 11 7 General profile off the District 12 – 14 Land Utilisation Pattern in the District: Forest, Agricultural, 8 15 – 16 Horticultural, Mining etc., 9 Physiography of the District 17 10 Rainfall : Month-wise 18 11 Geology and Mineral Wealth 19 – 24 12 Details regarding Sand mining or river bed mining 24 - 27 2 | P a g e LIST OF PLATES Plate No. Page No. Plate1-A. Schematic diagram of process on meander bend 9 Meandering of Amaravathi River, Near Veerachimangalam, Plate 1-B 9 Tiruppur District Tiruppur district map showing major rivers flowing through the Plate 2. 10 district Plate 3. Geohydrological map of Tiruppur district and adjoining areas 11 Plate 4. Tiruppur District Map showing the Taluks 13 Plate 5. Land use map of Tamil Nadu 16 Plate 6. Geomorphological map of part of Tiruppur and Erode District 17 Plate 7. Geological map of Tamil Nadu 21 Plate 8. Mineral Map of the District 22 Field photograph of river sand on the bank of Amaravathi River Plate 9. 23 enar Kallapuram, Udumalpet Taluk 3 | P a g e 1. Introduction In pursuance to the Gazette Notification, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF & CC), the Government of India Notification No. S.O.3611 (E) dated 25.07.2018 laid procedure for preparation of District Survey Report for sand mining or river bed mining. The main purpose of preparation of District Survey Report is to identify the mineral resources and developing the mining activities along with other relevant data of the District. All rivers in Tiruppur District are ephemeral (only seasonal) in nature and carry only floodwater during monsoon period and none of them are perennial. These rivers cannot be used for irrigation purpose to the expected level because of low precipitation. The monsoon rainfall is erratic and only during stormy days precipitation occurs. The drainage pattern is mostly parallel to sub parallel and drainage density is very low. This District Survey report guide systematicand scientific utilization of natural resources, so thatpresent and futuregeneration may be benefitted at large. The purpose of District SurveyReport (DSR) is “Identification of areas of aggradations or depositionwhere mining can be allowed; and identification of areas of erosion andproximity to infrastructural structuresand installations where miningshould be prohibited”. The District Survey report (DSR) contain mainly datapublished and endorsed by various Departments and websites aboutGeology of the area, Mineral Wealth details, Details of Lease and Miningactivity in the District along with Revenue of Minerals. This report alsocontains details of Forest, Rivers, Soil, Agriculture, Road, Transportationand Climate etc., 4 | P a g e 2. Overview of Mining Activity in the District Mining activities carried out in the District is Opencast Semi Mechanized/ Mechanized and Manual method. The Economic important mineral found in Tiruppur District are mainly Gypsum, Kankar, Magnesite, Dunite, Quartz, Feldspar, varieties of colour Granites (Dimensional stones), Rough stone (Aggregates) and Gravel/Earth. Mining activities based on these minerals are very less. However, numerous Rough Stone quarries are under operation for production of construction materials and earth fill (gravel) in Kodangipalayam, Morattupalayam, Madathukulam, Kiranur, Moolanur areas in the district. In addition to above, ‘Dimensional Stones’ (Granite) is also available in Avinashi, and Kangeyam Taluks. The office of the Assistant Director, Department of Geology and Mining is functioning under the control of District Collector, Tiruppur. The Assistant Director, Geology and Mining is assisting the District Collector in the Mineral Administration works. 3. The list of Mining leases in the District with location, area and period of validity:- ….renewal) (Initial) nd /2 Sl. st (1 Period oflease Mining No ofPeriod Mining Lease Operations Longitude) Method Method of Mining Name ofLessee the Name ofMineral the Captive / Captive Non-Captive (Opencast (Opencast / Underground) Working Working foretc.,) dispatch Area of Mining Lease Area(Ha.) Mining ofLease From To From To Address &Address No. Contact of Lessee Date ofDate Commen cement of Mining Mining Mining Lease Grant &orderDate No. Status (Working Status / /Temp.Non-Working If with No.date letter of yes ofgrant EC. Location Location (Latitude&of Mining Lease the Obtained Environmental clearance (Yes/No), 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 -------------------------------------------------------- Nil ------------------------------------------------------ 5 | P a g e Year Year 2018 – 19 2017 – 18 2016-17 th for last the collection revenue wise The mineral 4. last t in Received Revenue or Royalty of Details 0 0 20100 Magnasite 0 0 254700 Dunite 36698 0 230076 Quartz ROYALTY 0 0 218550 Feldspar 0 0 15200 Gypsum 26663 30407 43947 A.F. / S.R 158890 179040 106371 DR/Penalty & Interest 119847200 91013437 69977925 Stone Colour 1217810 1746530 7260175 Granite SEIGNIORA GE FEE ree below: is given years 8731580 8204485 7014610 Gravel 0 0 0 Kankar MINERAL WISE REVENUE COLLECTION COLLECTION REVENUE WISE MINERAL 0 477550 24102550 Lease Amount (Stone) hree years(2016-17 to 2018-19) 2018-19) to years(2016-17 hree Registratio 19300 89100 26600 n fee BRICK Annual 805000 2200000 965000 brick mineral fee 69500 443000 161000 Stone APPLICATI 6 | 6 | 28500 13500 1500 Gravel ON FEE P a g e 43500 75000 68000 Others 58541 30055 65370 Stone AREA ASSESSMEN 5680 5205 17478 Others T 10759 0 26510 Stone DEAD RENT 443718 404354 431200 Granite 717955 1688480 1431160 Stone 3794520 13463810 2397490 Sand PENALTY 2426065 5174774 3889997 Others 1211996 955807 281840 Any other Amount (Interest) 139653875 126194534 119007349 Total 5. Details of Production of Sand or Bajri or Minor Mineral in last three years (2016-17 to 2018-19) The year wise production of Minor and Major Minerals during the last three years is given below: MINERAL PRODUCTION Year Rough Colour Total Magnesite Dunite Quartz Feldspar Gypsum Gravel Kankar Sand Stone Granite Production 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2016 - 17 91 6870 1290 2310 1180 1472498 3279 280584 0 0 1768011 2017 - 18 0 0 0 0 0 2027317 704 297377 0 0 2325398 2018 - 19 0 0 0 0 0 2034331 499.92 264592 0 0 2299422.92 7 | P a g e 6. Processes of Deposition of Sediments in the Rivers of the District River sediment refers to the mixture of mineral matters which are derived from the weathering and erosion of rocks present in the river bed. Breaking down of rocks by a geological agent, here it is a river (flow of water), is called erosion. The erosion of rocks occurs in many ways. Weathering is described as disintegration and decomposition of rocks due to change in physical and chemical conditions of the rock. Sediments are derived by these natural processes. Sediments are subsequently transported by water and/or by the force of gravity acting on the sediments. Sediments become the river’s load and the river transport this loads through its course. Transportation of the sediments depends on the energy of the river. Boulders are transported by traction and are rolled along the bed of the river. Slightly smaller particles, such as pebbles and gravel, are transported by saltation. This is where the load bounces along the bed of the river because the river has enough energy to lift the particles off the bed but the particles are too heavy to travel by suspension. Fine particles like clay and silt are transported in suspension; they are suspended in the water. Most of a river’s load is transported by suspension. Solution is a special method of transportation. This is where particles are dissolved into the water so only rocks that are soluble, such as limestone or chalk, can be transported in solution. Deposition occurs when forces responsible for sediment transportation are no longer sufficient to overcome the forces of gravity and friction which are creating a resistance to motion. To transport load, a river needs to have energy at the same time when a river loses energy, it is forced to deposit its load. One of the following ways, a river could lose its energy: 1. Reduction in the discharge: Reduction in discharge may be due to lack of precipitation and evaporation and abstraction by human activity. 2. Change in the river gradient: If the gradient of the river’s course flattens out, the river will deposit its load because it will be travelling a lot slower. When a river meets the sea a river will deposit its load because the gradient is generally reduced at sea level and the sea will absorb a lot of energy. 8 | P a g e Plate1. A. Schematic diagram of process on meander bend. Plate1. B. Meandering of Amaravathi River, Near Veerachimangalam, Tiruppur district. Much of the material will be carried in suspension and loads in suspension erode the river banks by abrasion. When rivers flow over flatter land, they form large bends called 9 | P a g e meanders. As a river goes around a bend, most of the water is pushed towards the outside causing increased erosion. The river is now eroding sideways into its banks rather than downwards into its bed, a process called lateral erosion (Plate 1. A & B). On the inside of the bend, in contrast, there is much less water. The river will therefore be shallow and slow flowing. It cannot carry as much material and so sand and gravels will be deposited.