Quality Control of City Gas at Regasification Terminal

Shuji YAMAMOTO TOKYO GAS CO., LTD Field Operation and Planning Sect. CttContents

1. Introduction 2G2. Gas P ro duc tion Process 3. Quality Control of City Gas CttContents

1.Introduction 111.1. Self-introduction 1.2. Brief introduction of Tokyo Gas 131.3. Ou tline o f3LNGTf 3 LNG Termi nal s 2. Gas Production Process 3. Quality Control of City Gas 11S1.1.Se lf-itintrod uc tion

Shuji YAMAMOTO

„ 2003-2004(S) Maintenance of Instruments „ 2005-2007(S) Renewal of Control system (DCS, F&G) „ 2008(O) Construction of Regasification Plant „ 2009~2010(N) Operation & Planning (S)：Sodegaura LNG terminal (O)：Ohgishima LNG terminal (N)：Negishi LNG terminal 12B1.2.Bre ifiif in tro duc tion o fTf To kyo Gas

„ （1） Regasification, supply and sales of city gas „ （2） Supply and sales of gas appliances „ （3） Energy services „ （4） Supply of electricity 12B1.2.Bre ifiif in tro duc tion o fTf To kyo Gas

„ Established in 1885 (LNG, from 1969) „ Capitalization 142 billion yen (1.2 billons Euro) „ Number of employees 15,539 „ Net sales 1, 416 billions yen (12 billi ons Euro ) „ Gas sales volume 14 billions m3 „ Total lengggppth of gas pipeline 57,839 km „ Number of gas customers 10,637 thousands 13O1.3.Ou tline o f3LNGTf 3 LNG Term ina ls

Hitac hi LNG Term ina l (2015~)

Headquarters

Sodegaura LNG Terminal Ohgishima LNG Terminal

Negishi LNG Terminal 13O1.3.Ou tline o f3LNGTf 3 LNG Term ina ls

„ NihiNegishi 1st LNG receiving terminal in Japan in 1969 „ Ohgishima the latest terminal in 3 terminals since 1998. „ SdSodegaura one of the largest terminal in the world since 1973

Negishi Ohgishima Sodegaura 13O1.3.Ou tline o f3LNGTf 3 LNG Term ina ls

Negishi Ohgishima Sodegaura Nuubeojettesmber of jetties 11 3 Number of tanks 13 3 20 Capacity of tank [Ml] 1155 600 1610 Number of Vaporizers 14 10 33 Capacity of vaporizers [t/h] 1315 970 3180 Number of Employees 135 69 158 Number of Vessels ann 78 41 206 Total LNG ann [kt] 3275 2446 4577 CttContents

1. Introduction 2G2. Gas P ro duc tion Process 3. Quality Control of City Gas 2. Gas Production Process

Flare stacks Seawater Return gas blowers BOG compressors

Power station use LNG pumps

Open Rack Odorization LNG aboveground tanks Vaporizers Cityyg gas use Unloading arms

Gas or Fuel Submerged LNG inground tanks Combustion ViVaporizers

LPG tanks LPG pumps CttContents

1. Introduction 2. Gas Production Process 3. Quality Control of City Gas 313.1. Pressure o fTf Trunk kLi Line 3.2. Calorific Value 3.3. Odorant 3. Qualit y Con tro l o f City G as

What’s the quality of city gas of Tokyo Gas? 1. Pressure of Trunk Line 2. Calorific Value 3. Odorant 31P3.1 Pressure o fTf Trunk kLi Line

„ Demand fluctuation (3 times difference in a day) „ Small absorber (30 small gas holders) (no underground storage)

Demand Fluctuation 3000 km3N/h Ohgishima 2000 Sodegaura 3 times Negishi Terminal 1000 Gas Holder

Time 0 6 121824 31P3.1 Pressure Start/Stop „ Automatic Control Pressure Control Number of Pumps Number of Vaporizers

Total F Start/Stop Pressure Control P Start/Stop

F ViVaporizers

LNG Pumps Orifice flowmeter 32C3.2 Ca lor ific Va lue

Upper limit determined by combustion quality (due to Gas Business Act) 45.0 MJ/m3N (due to General Supply Provisions) LPG Lower limit determined by combustion quality (due to Gas Business Act)

Natural gas 40-45 MJ/m3N 32C3.2 Ca lor ific Va lue

„ Calorific Value Control Feed Forward Control Feed Back Control

Feed forward control Feed back control

Set value LPG = 45MJ/m3N cal F cal Natural gas 32C3.2 Ca lor ific Va lue

„ Calorimeter for calorific value control is required “Quick Response”. = Vibration type gas density analyzer

„ Calorimeter for guarantee of quality is required “High Accuracy”. = GCGas Chromatography 32C3.2 Ca lor ific Va lue

„ Vibration type gas density analyzer Proportional relationship between density and calorie of Hydrocarbon Error caused by inert gas 3 (1 % of N2 = 0.65 MJ/m N error)

Flare stacks Seawater Return gas blowers BOG compressors

Power station use LNG pumps

Open Rack Odorization LNG aboveground tanks Vaporizers Cityyg gas use Unloading arms

A lot of N2 Gas or Fuel included in BOG Submerged LNG inground tanks Combustion ViVaporizers Vibration type calorimeter

LPG tanks LPG pumps 32C3.2 Ca lor ific Va lue

The error caused by N2 can be removed by

„ Vibration type gas density analyzer

„ Optical Interferometric calorimeter PtilltihiProportional relationship between refractive index and calorie of hydrocarbon 32C3.2 Ca lor ific Va lue „ Vibration type density analyzer Optical Interferometric calorimeter 150 150 3 3 MJ/m N C4H10 MJ/m N C4H10

100 100 C3H8 C3H8 C2H6 C2H6 ific value ific value rr rr 50 C2H4 50 C2H4 Calo CH4 Calo CH4

N2 N2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 500 1000 1500 Specific density (air=1) Refractive index (n-1)*10E6 Nitrogen looks like to have… 65 MJ/m3N in vibration type density analyzer 26 MJ/m3N in optical interferomatic calorimeter 32C3.2 Ca lor ific Va lue

„

k : 0.65 MJ/m3N by 1% N2 Q = Qvibration − kxN 2 k’: 0.26 MJ/m3N by 1% N Q = Q − k′x 2 recractive N 2 x : contents of N2 [%]

Qrefractive − Qvibraton Q = Qrecractive − 1− k k′

Manufactured by RIKEN KEIKI Co., LTD 33Od3.3 Odoran t

„ Odorant TBM (Tertiary -Butyl Mercaptan ) CH (CycloHexene)

Upper limit

Standard injection rate

Lower limit (Gas Business Act) 33Od3.3 Odoran t „ Odorant Control Pump Output Control According to the Natural Gas Flow Rate (()No Feed Back Control) „ Measurement Points Mass Flow Rate of Odorant Total Sulfur in Odorized City Gas

stroke & rpm control Odorant F T-Sulfur F analyzer Natural Plunger pump gas 33Od3.3 Odoran t

„ Flowmeter of Odorant is required to measure “Minute Mass Flow”. = Coriolis flowmeter

„ Total Sulfur in Odorized City Gas is required to measure total sulfur = Ultraviolet Fluorescence Method sulfur analyzer Thank you for your kind attention !

Please contact me if you have any questions. Shuji YAMAMOTO tel : +81-45-751-1415 E-mail : [email protected]