The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

CONTENTS

10 YEARS OF SCCJR...... 4 Communicating and Engaging ...... 34 Welcome to the 10-Year Anniversary Report of the Scottish Centre Knowledge Exchange ...... 34 for Crime and Justice Research (SCCJR) ...... 4 From Vision to Reality – Transforming Scotland’s Care of Women in Custody ...... 34 Domestic abuse in the Scottish Context – What Works to Reduce Incidence and Harm ...... 34 The Next 10 Years of SCCJR ...... 6 Constructing ‘Problematic’ Identities ...... 34 Who we are ...... 8 Reimagining Custody, Community and Citizenship for 21st century Scotland ...... 34 As Others See Us...... 9 Working with the Scottish Government ...... 35 10 Years of SCCJR Making a Difference...... 12 Visiting Fellows ...... 36 10-Year Staff Reflections ...... 14 SCCJR In The Media ...... 37 SCCJR Reports 2007-2016 ...... 16 Research Awards 2015-2016 ...... 39 10 years of SCCJR Annual Lectures ...... 21 The SCCJR PhD Community ...... 40 From PhD to Professional ...... 22 Funded PhD studentships ...... 40 PhD Poster Competition ...... 40 PhD Snapshots ...... 41 SCCJR 2015-16 ...... 24 The SCCJR PhD Experience ...... 45 Awards and Achievements 2015-2016 ...... 24 SCCJR PhD students 2015-16 ...... 46 SCCJR Projects 2015-2016 ...... 25 SCCJR Publications April 2015 to March 2016 ...... 48 Prisoner Reading Groups ...... 25 Glossary of acronyms ...... 51 Justice Stories ...... 25 Learning Resources for Schools ...... 26 Distant Voices ...... 26 Use of Electronic Monitoring in EU Member States ...... 27 A Review of the Benefits of the Scottish Crime Campus ...... 27 Evaluation of the Rape Crisis Scotland National Advocacy Project ...... 28 Stop and Search ...... 28 Antiquities Trafficking and Art Crime ...... 29 Lives Sentenced ...... 29 Poverty and Crime ...... 30 Problematic Identities ...... 30 Evidence Reviews of Prostitution ...... 30 Crime, Critique and Utopia ...... 31 Offender Supervision in Europe ...... 31 Justice, Civic Engagement and the Public Sphere: Mapping Democratic Transformations in Scottish Society ...... 32 A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Asset-based Interventions Against Organised Crime...... 32 (Re)Imagining Youth: A Comparative Study of Youth Leisure in Glasgow & Hong Kong ...... 33 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Use of SmartWater by Police in Domestic Abuse Cases ...... 33 2 3 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

We have a commitment to producing high-quality, high- We hope you find this Report interesting and informative impact research that engages with current theoretical and that you may consider joining us as an associate and methodological debates in criminology and social member or signing up to our mailing list through our science more generally. We work closely with academic website to receive more information about the work of colleagues based in cognate research centres in the four SCCJR. We continue to strive to consolidate and enhance UK jurisdictions, and beyond in Europe, Australia, New SCCJR’s strengths in criminological research, to forge Zealand, North America and Hong Kong, and have several meaningful links with research in the broader fields ongoing international research and knowledge exchange of Sociology, Law, Social Policy and Social Work, and collaborations. At a national level, we work closely with the increase our capacity for collaboration with others. We Scottish Government and local governmental bodies to are always looking for opportunities to work with others, create, share and apply research in criminal justice policy whatever the nature of their engagement with the fields and practice. We also engage with policy and practice of criminology and criminal justice. For research colleagues across the UK and internationally through our various from around the world, we offer opportunities for support collaborations. to come and work with us through our Visiting Fellowship programme. We are also taking this opportunity to let friends and supporters of SCCJR know of our plans, after 10 full and This Report is also an opportunity to thank the 10 YEARS eventful years, to step down as co-Directors. We are extraordinarily wide range of people and local, national extremely pleased to welcome SCCJR’s new Director, Dr and international organisations who have, in different Sarah Armstrong, to lead our excellent team and build on ways, contributed to the success of SCCJR over the past and develop SCCJR achievements in research, knowledge ten years. Together, we have tried to make a difference by OF SCCJR exchange and staff and postgraduate capacity. producing a body of research that is theoretically informed and of wide application. We are extremely grateful to Tim We are tremendously grateful to have been given the McBride our Centre Administrator and Business Manager SCCJR represents a unique alliance of criminologists opportunity to co-direct such a vibrant research centre and who has been with us since SCCJR’s inception - he has Welcome to the 10-Year working collectively across Scottish universities with the work closely with such marvellous colleagues across four provided oversight of our financial arrangements and aims of widening the criminological research agenda, universities. During the past 10 years there has been so ensured the smooth running of SCCJR on a day-to-day Anniversary Report of the increasing research capacity through PhD programmes much to learn from all those involved with and in criminal basis, attending to whatever required attention. We and training, collaborating with local, national and justice systems, about the nature and use of criminological have benefitted immensely from Tim’s steady hand and Scottish Centre for Crime international partners to develop programmes of research evidence and the nature of critical friendship. This professionalism over the past ten years and it is with methodologically rigorous research that stimulates Annual Report provides information on our major research sadness that we see him leave. We wish him all the best for and Justice Research (SCCJR) theoretical discussions of crime and its governance, and knowledge exchange activities and external research and finding ways of increasing the use of criminological the future. On behalf of all of the staff and postgraduates of the funding successes over the past year, and showcases research. We are delighted to announce that in 2016, SCCJR Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research, we have the work of our growing community of postgraduates. has been joined by a new partner institution, University great pleasure in welcoming you to our bumper 10- It has been a very exciting and challenging decade for of Strathclyde, which increases our staff capacity and year SCCJR Report, which showcases the work we have us. Looking back, the number and breadth of research deepens our research expertise. done over the past year but also celebrates highlights projects, high-quality publications, presentations and high- of SCCJR work that has flowed from the innovative and We work from a range of theoretical perspectives and profile events are impressive and reflect the vibrancy of the strong research collaboration between the Universities have a wide research capacity covering all aspects of staff and intellectual environment that we aim to develop of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Stirling and Glasgow Caledonian criminal justice and criminology, with particular strengths at SCCJR. It has always been our intention that our research over the past ten years. SCCJR was established in 2006 in researching and analysing cultures and practices of makes a difference — both in advancing our academic disciplines and in constructively contributing to public with core funding from the Scottish Funding Council punishment; gender, crime and justice; youth crime and Michele Gill Richard debate and policy and practice development in relation to (SFC) and the Scottish Government Justice Analytical youth justice; gendered violence; transnational crime and Burman McIvor Sparks Services (SGJASD) and additional investment from the four policing; organised crime; illicit markets; and rehabilitation crime and criminal justice. To that end, this 10-year Report partner universities to support staffing and infrastructure. and desistance. SCCJR staff and postgraduates have also tries to show the significance and impact of our work. (Outgoing Co-Directors) July 2016 Since 2013, it has continued to receive an element of core methodological expertise in both quantitative (including funding from the Scottish Government. survey design, longitudinal analysis and statistical modelling) and qualitative (including ethnography; oral histories, and discourse analysis) methods and analysis, as well as evaluation methodologies.

4 5 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

The Next 10 Years of SCCJR Having joined the Centre in 2007, shortly from debate, treating with respect all whom we encounter, maintaining and defending a critical and rigorous edge after completion of my PhD, I have benefited to our work – as to what our work finds. I look forward to enormously from the company of deeply working with all those, in and beyond SCCJR, who share intellectual, conscientious and supportive our values and our hopes to contribute to justice. colleagues. I am now delighted to have Over the years, SCCJR has supported and hosted a range of colleagues, students and visitors who have now moved on been appointed Director, working with these to new adventures. Although there are too many to name, colleagues and a generation of younger I personally am particularly grateful to have known and scholars to take SCCJR into its next stage. worked with Drs Alasdair Forsyth and Claire Lightowler, long- time SCCJR people who were important to building the Exciting developments are afoot, and not least of these is Centre, and especially our Business Manager Tim McBride, the welcome addition of the University of Strathclyde as a whose ten years of service to SCCJR has been crucial to full partner in SCCJR from August 2016. Going forward, there building a sustainable Centre. is also a substantially revised governance structure in which the original system of Co-Directors, one from each of the “An overarching aim has been to main partner institutions, is being succeeded by a single Director working together with a set of Associate Directors support as best we can, in ways both from each university involved in SCCJR. Associate Directors large and small, the creation and will coordinate activity, such as research, internationalisation, practice of just societies.” postgraduate and early-career capacity development, communications and KE, community engagement and policy Central, of course, to SCCJR’s success has been the work of its engagement. We believe that this will further hone our focus, Co-Directors Michele Burman, Gill McIvor and Richard Sparks. working across four institutions, to achieve our aims. Without their extraordinary dedication to building a Centre And what are our aims? You can read our official which has such international recognition and sustainable statement of purpose and objectives on our website grounding, the job of SCCJR’s next set of directors would be (www.sccjr.ac.uk/about-us); they have guided the Centre much more difficult. Instead, they leave us an organisation well and will continue to do so. But in addition to this, and that has achieved much and is primed to pursue ambitious reflecting on my own sense of SCCJR’s first 10 years, an things. On behalf of the new management team of SCCJR, we are excited and grateful to be continuing their work. overarching aim has been to support as best we can, in ways both large and small, the creation and practice of just Sarah Armstrong societies. This is as much a matter of how we approach Director, SCCJR our work – creating a space for voices too often missing July 2016

SCCJR Director Sarah Armstrong (fourth from right) with, from left, Associate Directors Alistair Fraser (Glasgow), Beth Weaver (Strathclyde), Anna Souhami (Edinburgh), Fergus McNeill (Glasgow), Niall Hamilton-Smith (Stirling), Laura Piacentini (Strathclyde) and Margaret Malloch (Stirling). Not pictured: Lesley McAra (Edinburgh).

6 7 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

David Strang As Others See Us HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for Scotland Tom Halpin The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research is a Chief Executive, SACRO well-established presence in the world of criminal justice in Sacro is committed to working to the highest ethical and Scotland. I particularly appreciate the contribution it makes professional standards, delivering services in partnerships to the development of both policy and practice across the that contribute to the reduction of crime and harm within broad spectrum of the criminal justice system. Researchers our communities. This provision of quality services requires from a wide range of disciplines are able to support a robust evidence base and innovation. practitioners to improve practice, based on rigorous applied research findings. In doing this, SCCJR is a key partner with Sacro. Together, we have collaborated to evidence what works, while As a member of the Scottish Prisons Commission in 2007-8, ensuring that our practice and ambitions do achieve the I found the research provided by the Centre invaluable best possible outcomes for those using our services. in the development of our thinking and conclusions, published in our report Scotland’s Choice. This report still remains relevant eight years on. “Having such a world-class research capability on our doorstep with “A real strength of the Centre is the direct access to such eminent breadth of research activity, combined scholars is a real strength.” with positive relationships with practitioners.” Our collaboration with SCCJR is continuous, reflecting the link between SCCJR’s academic excellence and Sacro’s own commitment to excellence. Examples of The Centre has also supported the development of working together include funded PhD research to fill innovative activities in prisons in Scotland. As HM Chief identified knowledge gaps in what mentoring means for Inspector of Prisons for Scotland, I have seen the evidence of women within the justice system, PhD research into the the value of initiatives designed to engage people in prison WHO WE ARE effectiveness of early and effective interventions for young and to encourage them to explore aspects of life they might people who offend, and a number of evaluations that not have considered before. The Distant Voices project in SCCJR is a collaboration between the Over SCCJR’s 10 years, one person who has played a include the implementation of the Circles of Support and partnership with Vox Liminis has been remarkably successful crucial role in making us who we are is Tim McBride, Accountability (COSA) model of support to sex offenders in encouraging collaborative song writing, allowing people Universities of Edinburgh, Glasgow, Stirling SCCJR Business Manager. Tim helped set up and has living in the community. to convert their life experience into words and music, in the and Strathclyde. It currently comprises 33 overseen the business systems of the Centre from the process producing powerful performances. This collaborative work is also supported by other beginning, including its substantial work for the Scottish research staff, 70 postgraduate students, academic activities ranging from roundtable discussions Similarly, I have been impressed with the impact of the Paws Government. He has built strong relationships with those on emerging research findings, to hosting Masters for Progress programme in the Young Offenders Institution and a part-time knowledge exchange and in the Government and with staff and students in all the level studies and dissertation projects that provide at Polmont. Through the activity of caring for rescue dogs, communications assistant. Each year we also partner institutions. He is the person we have all turned to postgraduate students with direct access to a robust the young men are encouraged to take responsibility for as the first port of call for issues big and small. He has had appoint two to three postgraduate interns evidence base. their own learning in a unique setting, resulting in benefits a positive impact and gained a reputation for reliability for both the young men and the animals. to work with us on various research and across the SCCJR universities, and has also created a strong Having such a world-class research capability on our I am also aware of the valuable support the Centre knowledge exchange activities. sense of community among those in Ivy Lodge, SCCJR’s doorstep with direct access to such eminent scholars is a provides in the area of leadership development, base at the University of Glasgow. It would be impossible real strength, creating an environment where best practice particularly in the public and third sectors. Its ability to to reflect on SCCJR’s achievements without recognising and knowledge is shared and extensively developed both bring experiences from different sectors together enables the significant – if often invisible to external audiences – in Scotland and internationally. Importantly, SCCJR nurtures powerful learning to take place. A real strength of the role of Tim. It is with gratefulness that we note Tim’s huge and supports our ambitions for excellence, and having such Centre is the breadth of research activity, combined with contribution and with sadness that we mark his departure a strong research centre locally means that issues around positive relationships with practitioners. This provides for new opportunities and adventures. SCCJR collectively crime and justice are scrutinised when it matters. opportunities to promote positive change in criminal and has benefitted immensely from the committed, community justice in Scotland. conscientious and genial colleague we have had in Tim, and we wish him the best for his next chapter. I congratulate the SCCJR on its first ten years of operation and look forward to seeing it developing new approaches to research and practice. 8 9 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Kristel Beyens The mixed-methods approach of most of the research directors and I worked together to agree a framework Scottish Government Justice Free University Brussels, Belgium projects and the diversity of quantitative and qualitative that would provide the basis, we hoped, for close working Analytical Services research methods that are used extend the Centre’s between government and SCCJR. As a scholar who is interested in penal cultures and practices, The Scottish Government’s Justice Analytical Service scientific reach. Although there is a preponderance of I have followed the work of several members of the SCCJR Division has worked collaboratively with SCCJR ever qualitative research, which suits the culturally sensitive and for many years now. For the last four years it was a privilege since its inception, and we are extremely grateful for the constructionist approach of many research projects, the “I was struck from the beginning by to work closely with Fergus McNeill, who brilliantly led the support that we have received. This collaboration has SCCJR also has very renowned quantitative scholars who the directors’ commitment, goodwill COST Action on Offender Supervision in Europe, a European- enhanced the contribution of high-quality, social scientific play an influential role in the longitudinal study of youth and trust to work across institutional funded network that promoted international research academic knowledge, experience and expertise to policy transitions and crime. and initiated numerous publications and other social and boundaries and join in such an and analysis across the criminal justice landscape, and academic relevant outputs. But I also know Gill McIvor, But there is more: I see a genuine interest and investment innovative collaboration.” represents a significant investment in developing capacity Richard Sparks, Michele Burman, Sarah Armstrong, Lesley in knowledge exchange with policy-makers, practitioners in crime and criminal justice research in Scotland. McAra, Susan McVie, Richard Jones, Marguerite Schinkel and and the wider public. The website, the high-quality annual The agreement respected and reflected the distinct roles, Our engagement with SCCJR has resulted in a diverse many other researchers of the Centre as highly respected reports, the presence of SCCJR scholars on social media responsibilities, demands and expectations in government range of timely, policy-relevant research and analysis – and appreciated scholars in international criminology. and their participation in the public debate reveal a true and academia. We worked through how to maintain including evidence reviews and briefings, peer reviews, investment in the communication of research results and Setting up an alliance between four universities has central principles such as academic independence, knowledge transfer activities, expert advice, and input engagement in the public debate. increased the academic impact of Scottish criminology opportunities for publication, and the practicalities – and to policy and research advisory groups. It has facilitated at national and international level. The Centre not only And last but not least: interactions and collaborations with challenges – involved in providing high-quality research exchanges with the academic community around some comprises a group of dynamic and renowned scholars, artists in songwriting, photographing and filmmaking contributions in policy timescales. of the Scottish Government’s key policy priorities, and but also attracts early-stage researchers, even from the to connect with the lived experiences of punishment is This was new territory for us all. I was struck from the contributed to a deeper understanding of the evidence other side of the world, which confirms its international becoming a unique selling point of the Centre, and I hope beginning by the directors’ commitment, goodwill and base in a number of politically high-profile areas including academic appeal. European scholars who are interested that this path will be continued. trust to work across institutional boundaries and join in policing, sentencing, and desistance. in theory and innovative scholarship on penality and And not to forget: behind every strong research centre such an innovative collaboration. This was reflected by crime follow the high-quality publications and other there is strong administrative staff. They make the SCCJR’s researchers who were adaptable, imaginative disseminating activities of the Centre’s members. The “A key benefit of our collaboration has difference and are indispensable! and skilful in putting this into distinct and diverse effect Centre’s extremely informative website and annual report, across the range of criminal justice policy. Working in been the ability to be agile in the face of and the numerous Twitter messages of its members, Dr Nick Bland this way – holding a position that might be described as what is often high speed policy thinking, contribute strongly to the visibility of the SCCJR. Co-Director, What Works Scotland, School of Social ‘critical engagement’ – is not easy; the knowledge and enabling us to tap in to expert academic and Political Science, University of Edinburgh understanding from research does not necessarily support advice and knowledge at short notice” political or policy propositions. “The SCCJR is an excellent case of I worked closely with the SCCJR in its formation and strengthening expertise on crime and through its early years, representing the Scottish In the latter half of SCCJR’s first decade, my roles in Of particular value is SCCJR’s ability to facilitate justice research from different universities Government. Casting one’s mind back to that time gives government took me away from close engagement with engagement with numerous different academic and I consider this collaboration an pause to reflect on some of the original intentions behind its work, but I retained a keen interest. Throughout, SCCJR institutions, both within Scotland and further afield, which the establishment of SCCJR and to appreciate how much it has continued to make significant contributions to our helps us to ensure that we are able to draw on a wide inspiring example for scholars who want has grown and developed over the past decade. understanding of crime and the operation of criminal range of academic insight and expertise. to set up a research centre.” justice in Scotland, and also internationally. The reach and SCCJR began in 2006 supported by funding from the Another key benefit of our collaboration has been the impact of this understanding extends well beyond those Scottish Government and the Scottish Funding Council. ability to be agile in the face of what is often high-speed working in the field of criminal justice; not least to the The SCCJR is an excellent case of strengthening expertise on A strong impetus for the funders was to help strengthen policy thinking, enabling us to tap in to expert academic cohorts of students who have graduated with degrees in crime and justice research from different universities and I the connections between individual and small groups of advice and knowledge at short notice. To have an impact criminology, to those who have completed doctorates, consider this collaboration an inspiring example for scholars academics undertaking research on crime and criminal on policy, evidence needs to be the right evidence, it and to the next generation of criminologists. who want to set up a research centre. The strength of the justice in Scottish universities at that time; and to build on needs to be produced at the right time, and be seen Centre is that it brings scholars together who focus on a that to create a ‘critical mass’, if you will, of criminological The SCCJR is an example of an academic centre that by the right people. A key challenge for the future is to broad range of criminal justice-related topics, such as prisons, research in Scotland. combines theoretical imagination, methodological rigour continue to find ways to improve the communication of community punishment and the impact of punishment on and innovation, and high quality applied research. It makes evidence, both to policy audiences and to the general SCCJR’s commitment to this ambition was evident in the those who are subjected to it (and not only offenders, but no small contribution to our aspirations for a fair, just and public, and we look forward to continuing our close partnership between the collaborating universities, and the also their family members), desistance and rehabilitation, but equitable Scotland. collaboration with the academic community in the future. also on police activities and their interactions with citizens, emphasis at its inception on making appointments to new youth studies, victims, gender, media, crime surveys, violence full-time research fellowships and supporting funded PhDs. etc. This creates possibilities for interesting theoretical and The funders also hoped that the SCCJR would help methodological spill-overs and collaborations. The fact enhance the contribution of criminological knowledge, that the SCCJR is editing the Criminology & Criminal Justice expertise and research in criminal justice policy and journal confirms its international scholarship. practice in Scotland. To that end, SCCJR’s founding 10 11 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

INFORMED INTERNATIONAL CAPACITY CREATIVE & Supporting good policy and just societies Globally engaged and significant work through high-quality research BUILDING COLLABORATIVE Our work aims for international engagement, recognition Growing criminological capacities Engaging diverse partners and employing and impact. Some examples from our 10 years are: raising We are proud to support informed policy and action and communities in Scotland innovative methods to exchange knowledge in diverse ways, by: conducting original research, understanding and action on Trafficking Culture (ERC); commissioned studies, international literature reviews, exploring and imagining justice through A founding aim of SCCJR was to build and make an impact ministerial briefings, advisory group support, seminars, Utopia; connecting Glasgow to Hong criminological capacity across Scotland. We work with anyone and everyone who has training and evidence-giving. And through this Kong by Re-imagining Youth Leisure We have worked towards this on many something to contribute to just and fair societies. Our work we have gained a reputation for strength and (ESRC); examining European practices levels: generating nearly £5 million partners include other researchers, those involved expertise particularly in: young people and the law; of electronic monitoring (European 10 Years in external research income; in or affected by criminal justice, and a diverse set of gender-based violence; understanding and tackling Commission funded) and creating a investing to recruit core academic policy makers, practitioners, artists, and media. Our serious, organised crime; exploring and engaging Network on Offender Supervision staff; vastly increasing the number of collaborations often involve innovative methods like communities and justice; promoting effective and in Europe (COST Action); supporting criminological researchers trained in ethnography, podcasts, music making, storytelling fair penal policies; and improving and using data in democracy in European transitional of SCCJR Scotland; growing a large and vibrant and filmmaking. A small selection of those we have research. It is difficult to choose only a small number states; feeding in to the International PhD student community (having worked with include: Sacro, the UN, Circles UK, of cases where we have believed we have made an Crime and Victimisation Survey (ICVS); overseen 39 PhD awards in ten years and Rape Crisis, Women’s Aid, AQMeN, people in impact to support just societies. Among these we building strong international research hosting some 70 active PhD students prison and on probation and their families, Vox links and exchanges with Australia, Canada, Making a include our work on and for the Scottish Prisons today); making public research reports Liminis, the 218 Service, statutory agencies, Commission and the Commission on Women Argentina and South America, Hong Kong, available to all on the SCCJR website; museums and exhibition spaces. Offenders; assessment of the Whole Systems the US, New Zealand and Europe. and providing seed funding to develop Approach; development and use of the Scottish Difference cutting-edge and important ideas Crime and Justice Survey; understanding of young through our capacity building fund. people in gangs and knife crime; sectarianism and hate crime; and support and evaluation of practices that address the needs of those affected by rape and domestic abuse.

12 13 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

What are you most proud of in working 10-YEAR STAFF REFLECTIONS within SCCJR?

Playing a key role in developing, The package of organised Our efforts around issues of analysing and exploiting the crime work, starting with the sectarianism and problematic Scottish Crime and Justice Survey development of the Scottish identities which encompasses (SCJS). This has allowed us to have Serious and Organised Crime work on football banning orders, an impact on the publication of mapping process, in addition on marches and parades and official statistics on crime based to work around community on the Offensive Behaviour and on the survey and police recorded intelligence and organised crime Threatening Communications crime data. SCCJR researchers have performance measurement. It’s (Scotland) Act. This had important taken a lead role in analysing SCJS been very collaborative and a good impacts for policy and thinking in datasets, including on drug use, example of partnerships with the these areas. partner abuse, sexual victimisation police and Scottish Government. and stalking, which have been published by the Scottish Government. Our work in this area has contributed significantly to knowledge about crime and justice in Scotland, and been enhanced Productive collaboration across through SCCJR’s collaborative The broader grouping of our universities, and with the Scottish working with AQMeN. work around gender (specifically Government. This includes our women) and justice that I think has research on the Scottish Prison been important. Service’s use of open prison and home detention curfew, as well as work on Circles of Support and Accountability (COSA).

Our support for the Scottish Prison Commission, which raised fundamental questions about Establishing a strong research the use of prison and has shaped group on Trafficking Culture that debates on punishment in Scotland is contributing both to scholarship What have Ensuring that, while we sometimes (and elsewhere) ever since. and action in significant ways. The Desistance Knowledge work closely with and have Exchange Project and Distant been some of great respect for our colleagues Voices (which are connected) and in Government, we maintain a related work to support change in the challenges reputation for independence and Having little control over the the Scottish Prison Service and in critical distance. way our research is used. community justice. for SCCJR?

Growing a PhD community. Ground-breaking research and Having so many bright, committed continuing engagement work young scholars around us has on use of stop and search by been a highlight for me. police in Scotland. Time!

14 15 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Barry, M. and McNeill, F. (2009) ‘Youth 2008 Offending and Youth Justice’. SCCJR 2010 Briefing Paper, No. 02/2009 Armstrong, S., Chistyakova, Y., Burman, M., Lovett, J. and Kelly, L. (2009) Armstrong, S. and Weaver, B. (2010) ‘What Mackenzie, S. and Malloch, M. (2008) ‘Scotland Country Report. Different do the Punished Think of Punishment?: ‘Circles of Support & Accountability: Systems, Similar Outcomes? Tracking The Comparative Experience of Short Consideration of the Feasibility of Pilots Attrition in Reported Rape Cases in 11 Prison Sentences and Community-Based in Scotland’. SCCJR Research Report, No. European Countries’, CWASU London Punishments’, SCCJR Research Report 02/2008 Metropolitan University 04/2010 Barry, M. and McIvor, G. (2008) ‘Chaotic Kintrea, K., Bannister, J., Pickering, J., Reid, Bannister, J. Batchelor, S., Burman, Lives: A Profile of Women in the Criminal M. and Suzuki, N. (2009) ‘An exploration of M., McVie, S., Pickering, J., and Kintrea, K. Justice System in Lothian and Borders’, territorial behaviour among young people (2010), ‘Troublesome Youth Groups, Gangs Edinburgh: Lothian and Borders in disadvantaged areas of British cities’, and Knife Carrying in Scotland’, Edinburgh: Community Justice Authority Joseph Rowntree Foundation Report Scottish Government Burgess, C. and Malloch, M. (2008), Lightowler, C. and Hare, D. (eds) (2009) Eadie D., MacAskill, S., Bookes, O., Heim, SCCJR REPORTS ‘Evaluation of the National Parenting ‘Prison and Sentencing Reform’, SCCJR D. S., Forsyth, A. J. M. and Punch S. Development Project’ Report (2010) ‘Pre-teens Learning About Alcohol: SCCJR Research Report, No. 03/2008 Mackenzie, S. (2009) ‘Protection Against Drinking and Family Contexts’. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2007-2016 Hamilton-Smith, L.N., Mackenzie, S. Trafficking in Cultural Property,’ Vienna: and Lebov, K. (2008), ‘Developing a Risk UNODC Report Fraser, A., Burman, M., Batchelor, S Assessment Tool for Organised Crime Mackenzie, S. and Henry, A. (2009) and McVie,S. (2010) ‘Youth Violence in In addition to our academic publications, the SCCJR in Scotland’, SCCJR research report for ‘Community Policing: A Review of the Scotland; Literature Review,’ Edinburgh: Scottish Government/ Scottish Crime and Evidence’, Edinburgh: Scottish Government Scottish Government produces research reports and briefing papers, often in Drug Enforcement Agency (restricted) MacQueen, S. and Whyte, B. (2009) Hamilton-Smith, N. and Patel, S. (2010), collaboration with partner organisations, and make these Mackenzie, S. (2008) ‘How to Reduce ‘Primary Support Project: An Evaluation’, ‘Determining Identity and Nationality Youth Crime and Anti-social Behaviour by Criminal Justice Social Work Development in Local Policing’, London: Home Office accessible online to engage those beyond the criminal Going Round in Circles’, London: Institute Centre for Scotland Research Report 42. justice sector and Scotland. for Public Policy Research McKinlay, W., Forsyth, A. J. M. and Khan, F. Mackenzie, S. and Fraser, A. (2010), McVie, S., Coxon, A., Hawkins, P., Palmer, (2009) ‘Alcohol and Violence among Young ‘Communities and Community Safety: J., and Rice, R., (2008) ‘ESRC/SFC Scoping Male Offenders in Scotland’. Edinburgh: Theories, Concepts and Strategies’, Forsyth, A.J.M., Davidson, N. & Lennox, McVie, S. (2007) ‘Animal abuse amongst Study into Quantitative Methods Capacity Scottish Prison Service. SCCJR Briefing Discussion paper commissioned by the J. L. (2007) ‘An Investigation into the young people aged 13 to 17: trends, Building in Scotland’, ESRC/SFC Report Paper, No. 01/2009 Community Safety Unit of the Scottish 2007 Government environmental impact of off-licensed trajectories and theoretical explanations’, McNeill, F. (2009) ‘Towards Effective Barry, M., Malloch, M., Moodie, K., Nellis, premises on residential neighbourhoods’. Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty Practice in Offender Supervision’. Glasgow: Mackenzie, S., Bannister, J., Flint, J., M., Knapp, M., Romeo, R. and Dhanasiri, London: Alcohol Education Research to Animals Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Parr, S., Millie, A. and Fleetwood, J. (2010) S. (2007) ‘An Evaluation of the Use of Council. McVie, S., Palmer, J. and McAra, L. (2007) Research ‘The drivers of perceptions of anti-social Electronic Monitoring as a Condition of Bail 2009 behaviour,’ London: Home Office Galloway, J., Forsyth, A.J.M. & Shewan, ‘Sample Safeguarding Exercise,’ The McNeill, F., Durnescu, I., Lewis, S., Raynor, in Scotland’, Scottish Executive D. (2007) ‘Young People’s Street Drinking Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and Malloch, M., Burgess, C., Mitchell, F., Armstrong, S. (2009) ‘Fixing Scotland’s P. and Vanstone, M.(2009) ‘Reducing Burman, M., Armstrong, S., Batchelor, Behaviour: Investigating the Influence of Crime Chan, V., Eunson, J. and Murray, L. (2010) Remand Problem’, in C. Lightowler and D. Reoffending After Prison: A Resettlement S., McNeil, F. and Nicholson, J. (2007) Marketing & Subculture’. London: Alcohol ‘Evaluation of the Grampian Police McVie, S. and McAra, L. (2007) ‘Criminal Hare (eds.) Prisons and Sentencing Reform. Process’, Brussels: EU PHARE Project Report ‘Research and Practice in Risk Assessment Education Research Council Return Home Welfare Interview Pilot for Justice Transitions’, Edinburgh Study of SCCJR Research Report No. 02/2009 McNeill, F., Durnescu, I., Lewis, S., Raynor, and Risk Management of Children and Young Runaways’, Edinburgh: Scottish Mackenzie, S. and Green, P. (2007) Youth Transitions and Crime P. and Vanstone, M. (2009) ‘Continuing the Young People Engaging in Offending Armstrong, S., Hamilton-Smith, N. and Government ‘Criminalising the Market in Illicit Development of the Probation System Behaviour: A literature review’, Paisley: Risk Mackenzie, S. (2009), ‘Measuring Police Antiquities: an Evaluation of the Dealing in Romania’, Brussels: EU PHARE Project McIvor, G. (2010) ‘Reconviction Among Management Authority in Cultural Objects (Offences) Act 2003’, Impact on Organised Crime: a Review of Drug Court Participants, in Review of SCDEA’s Key Performance Indicators’, SCCJR Report Burman, M., Jamieson, L., Nicholson, J., Research Report the Glasgow and Fife Drug Courts: Research Report for the Scottish Crime and McNeill, F. (2009) ‘Towards Effective and Brooks, O. (2007) ‘Impact of Aspects Report’, Edinburgh: Scottish Government Malloch, M. and Burgess, C. (2007) ‘A Drug Enforcement Agency (restricted) Practice in Offender Supervision’. SCCJR of the Law of Evidence in Sexual Offence Community Justice Services Scoping Study of Services for Young Research Report No. 01/2009 Trials: An Evaluation Study’, Edinburgh: Runaways for 1 in 9: Scottish Coalition for Armstrong, S., Leverick, F., Chalmers, McNeill, F., Burnett, R. and McCulloch, T. Scottish Government Social Research Young Runaways’, Stirling: Aberlour Child J. and McNeill, F. (2009) ‘Scottish Weaver, B. (2009) ‘Sex Offender (2010) ‘Culture, Change and Community Criminal Cases Review Commission, 10th Community Notification in Scotland’. SCCJR Forsyth, A.J.M. (2007) ‘Existing research Care Trust Justice, Scottish Centre for Crime and Anniversary Research’, SCCRC Briefing Paper, No. 03/2009 evidence on the effectiveness of needle Malloch, M. and Burgess, C. (2007) Justice Research’, Report 02/2010 exchange services in reducing BBV ‘Services for Young Runaways: A Scoping Bannister, J., Mackenzie, S., and Norris, McNeill, F. and Weaver, B. (2010) transmission’. A 15-day review for the Study’, Scottish Coalition for Young P (2009) ‘Public Space CCTV in Scotland: ‘Changing Lives? Desistance Research Hepatitis C Action Plan for Scotland, Runaways and Scottish Government Results of a National Survey of Scotland’s and Offender Management’. Local Authorities’. Project Report. SCCJR Phase 1: September 2006 – August 2008. SCCJR Research Report No. 03/2010 Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Research Report No. 03/2009

16 17 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

McNeill, F. (2010), ‘Community Payback Eski, Y. and Armstrong, S. (2011) ‘Scottish Cran, A., Hamilton-Smith L.N. and Goulding, A. and Cavanagh, B. (2013). Gilchrist, L., Ireland, L., Forsyth, A. J. M., Lennox J.C. and Forsyth A.J.M. (2015) and the new National Standards for Crime, Punishment and Justice Cost Trends Mackenzie, S. (2012) ‘The Strathclyde ‘Religiously Aggravated Offending in Laxton, T. and Godwin, J. (2014) ‘Roles of ‘Assessing the role that entertainers play Criminal Justice Social Work’. SCCJR Briefing in Comparative Context’. SCCJR Research Community Intelligence Pilot’ report Scotland 2012-13’. The Scottish Government Alcohol in Intimate Partner Abuse’. Report in alcohol marketing and the maintenance Paper No. 02/2010 Report produced for the Scottish Institute for MacQueen, S. and McVie, S. (2013), ‘The to Alcohol Research UK of good order within on-trade licensed McVie, S. and Wiltshire, S. (2010) ‘Experience Eski, Y., McGuinness, P. and Burman, Policing Research Whole System Approach for Children and MacQueen, S. (2014) ‘Scottish Crime and premises’, Final Report. London: Alcohol of Discrimination, Social Marginalisation and M. (2011) ‘Changes to Scotland’s Criminal Davidson, N.W., Forsyth, A.J.M. & Ellaway, Young People who Offend: An Evaluation Justice Survey 2012-13: Partner Abuse’, Research UK Violence: A comparative study of Muslim Justice System Post-Devolution: Main A. (2012) ‘Shop servers’ experience of of Early Stage Implementation’. SCCJR Edinburgh: Scottish Government McBride, M. (2015) ‘What works to reduce and non-Muslim Youth in three EU Member legislative developments, major reviews of alcohol-related issues and interventions Research Report No. 06/2013 McIvor, G. (2014) ‘What is the impact of prejudice and discrimination? A review States’, EU Fundamental Rights Agency: policy and procedure, and the introduction in socially contrasting neighbourhoods’. Malloch, M.S. McIvor, G., Schinkel, M. community service?’, Probation Works, of the evidence’, Edinburgh: Scottish Wien of “new” bodies’. SCCJR Research Report Report to Alcohol Research UK and Armstrong, S. (2013) ‘The Elements of Confederation of European Probation Government No. 04/2011 McVie, S. (2010) ‘Gang Membership Hamilton-Smith, L.N. and Mackenzie, Effective Through-Care Part 1: International Murray, K. (2014) ‘Non-statutory stop and Murray, K. (2015) ‘Stop and Search in and Knife Carrying: Findings from The Fraser, A. and MacQueen, S. (2011) S. (2012), ‘Organised Crime and the Public Review’. SCCJR Report 03/2014 search in Scotland’, SCCJR Briefing Paper Scotland: A Post Reform Overview Scrutiny Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions and ‘Evaluation of Early and Effective Sector Procurement Process’, Confidential Malloch, M.S. (2013) ‘In Their Own Right: 6/2014. and Accountability’. SCCJR Research Report Crime’, Edinburgh: Scottish Government Intervention (EEI) and Diversion from report produced for the Scottish Serious 6/2015 Glasgow: SCCJR Support for families with a young person Murray, K. (2014) ‘Stop and search in Prosecution in Dumfries and Galloway’, Organised Crime Task Force Norris, P. and Palmer, J. (2010) in secure accommodation for Families Scotland: An evaluation of police practice’. Murray, K., McGuinness, P., Burman, Edinburgh: Scottish Government ‘Comparability of the Crime Surveys in the Malloch, M., Warden, T. and Hamilton- Outside’, commissioned by the Scottish SCCJR Research Report No. 01/2014 M. and McVie, S. (2015) ‘Evaluation of the UK: A Comparison of Victimisation and Fraser, A. (2011), ‘Gangs and Global Smith, L. N. (2012) ‘Care and Support Government Whole System Approach to Young People Robertson, L. and Bates, E. (2014) Technical Details’. SCCJR Research Report Exchange: Confronting the Glasgow Gang for Adult Victims of Trafficking in Human Who Offend in Scotland’. SCCJR Research Malloch, M.S. (2013), ‘The Elements of ‘Scottish Crime and Justice Survey No. 01/2010 Complex’. SCCJR Briefing Paper No. 02/2011 Beings: A Review’, Scottish Government Report 7/2015 Edinburgh: SCCJR Effective Through-Care Part 2: Scottish 2012-13: Drug Use’, Edinburgh: Scottish Social Research Report Weaver, B. (2010) ‘Multi- Agency Hamilton-Smith, L.N., McArdle, D., Review’. SCCJR Research Report No. Government. Reid, S., McConville, S., Wild, A., Burman, Protection Arrangements (MAPPA) in Hopkins, M, Bradford, B., Tilley, N., Kurland, Weaver, B. and McCulloch, T. (2012) 04/2013 M. and Curtice, J. (2015), ‘Scottish Social Scotland: What do the numbers tell us?.’ J. and Lightowler, C. (2011)’ An Evaluation ‘Co-producing Criminal Justice: Executive McFeely, C., Whiting, N. Lombard, N., Attitudes Survey 2014: Attitudes to violence SCCJR Briefing Paper No. 01/2010 of Football Banning Orders in Scotland’, Summary’. SCCJR Research Report No. Brooks, O., Burman, M., and McGowan, against women in Scotland’. Edinburgh: Scottish Government Research Report 05/2012 M. (2013) ‘Domestic Abuse and Gender Scottish Government MacQueen, S., and Bradford, B., (2011), Young, S., Mackenzie, S., Burman, M., Inequality: An overview of the current 2015 Sapouna, M., Bisset, C., Conlong, A., ‘Diversion from Prosecution to Social Work Fyfe, N., Hamilton-Smith, N., Johnston, debate’ Centre for Research on Families Armstrong, S. (2015) ‘Universities and Matthews, B. (2015) ‘What Works to 2011 in Scotland: A Snapshot of Current Patterns C. and Pickering, J. (2012) ‘The Culture of and Relationships: Briefing 69, August 2013 Prisons Engagement’. Glasgow: SCCJR Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the and an Examination of Practice in Three High Security: A Case Study of the 2014 Evidence’. Edinburgh: Scottish Government McGuinness, P., McNeill, F. and Brooks, O., Burman, M. and Kyle, D. Anderson, K., Colvin, S., McNeill, F., Nellis, CJAs’. SCCJR Research Report No. 01/2011 Glasgow Commonwealth Games (G2014)’ Armstrong S. (2013) ‘The use and impact (2015) ‘Evaluation of Support to Report M., Overy, K., Sparks, R. and Tett, L. (2011) British Society of Criminology Newsletter Malloch, M. (2011), ‘Interventions for Drug of the Rehabilitation of Offenders Act Pilot Advocacy Service: Summary Report’, ‘Inspiring Change: Final Project’ Report of 70 (summer) Users in the Criminal Justice System’. SCCJR (1974)’. SCCJR Research Report No. 02/2013 SCCJR Briefing Paper 1/2015 the Evaluation Team Research Report No. 05/2011 Young, S. (2012) ‘Evaluation of the Brooks, O. and Kyle, D. (2015) ‘Dual 2016 Armstrong, S., and Weaver, B., (2011) Edinburgh Police Research and Practice Malloch, M.S. (2011) ‘Criminal Justice reports of domestic abuse made to the ‘User Views of Punishment: The dynamics Group’. SCCJR Research Report No. 03/2012 McIvor, G., and Graham, H. (2016) Interventions for Drug Users: A Review’, police in Scotland: A summary of findings of community-based punishment: insider ‘Electronic Monitoring in Scotland’ University of Stirling: SCCJR Young, S. (2012), ‘Gender, Policing and from a pilot research study’, SIPR Research views from the outside’. SCCJR Research 2014 briefing paper, Brussels: Criminal Justice McIvor, G. and Burman, M. (2011) Social Control: Examining Police Officers’ Summary No. 23 Report No.03/2011 Perceptions of and Responses to Young Armstrong, S. and Wills, D. (2014) ‘Circles Programme of the European Commission ‘Briefing paper: Understanding the drivers Burman, M. and Matheson, K. (2015) ‘The Bannister, J., Fyfe, N. R. and Henry, A. Women Depicted as Violent’. SCCJR of Support and Accountability (COSA) in and University of Stirling of female imprisonment in Scotland’, SCCJR Scottish Women’s Rights Centre’ SCOLAG (2011) ‘Building Safer Communities-end of Briefing Paper No. 01/2012 Scotland: Practice, Progress and Questions’. Mulholland, C., Eunson, J., Murray, L., Briefing 01/2011 Scottish Legal Action Group award report’, ESRC RES-809-19-0017 SCCJR Research Report No. 04/2014 Bowen, L. McIvor, G., Malloch, M., McVie, S. MacQueen, S., Bradford, B. Graham, H., and McIvor, G. (2015) Bannister, J. (2011) ‘Dancing with new Bannister, J., Bates, E., Kearns, A. (2014) Whyte, B., Kirkwood, S., and McNeill, and Fohring, S. (2011) ‘The Scottish Crime ‘Scottish and International Review of the partners: developing novel methods to ‘Local variance in the crime drop: Are there F. (2016), ‘Evaluation of the Reducing and Justice Survey 2008/09: User Guide’. Uses of Electronic Monitoring’, Glasgow: establish and monitor impacts of user winners and losers?’ AQMeN Research Reoffending Change Fund’. Edinburgh: Edinburgh: SCCJR 2013 Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice engagement in times of austerity – a Briefing 3, November 2014 Scottish Government Research (SCCJR Research Report 7/2015) think piece’, National Centre for Research Armstrong, S., McIvor, G., McNeill, F. Brooks, O., Burman, M., Lombard, N., Murray, K. (2016), ‘Scottish Crime and Hamilton-Smith, N., Anderson, S., Methods, Networks for Methodological & McGuinness, P. (2013) ‘International McIvor, G., Stevenson-Hasgings, L. and Justice Survey 2014/15: Sexual Victimisation Simpson, I., McArdle, D., McBride, M., Innovation Evidence Review of Conditional Kyle, D. (2014), ‘Violence against women: & Stalking’, Edinburgh: Scottish Goodall, K., Haynes, R., Jago, N., and Burgess, C., Malloch, M. and McIvor, G. 2012 (Suspended) Sentences’. SCCJR Research effective interventions and practices with Government Crawford, J. (2015) ‘An evaluation of section (2011) ‘Women in Focus: An Evaluation’, Report No. 01/2013 perpetrators: A literature review’. (SCCJR Murray, K. (2016), ‘Scottish Crime and Armstrong, S., and McNeill, F., (2012) 1 of the Offensive Behaviour at Football and Report for South West Scotland Gormley, C. (2013) ‘Mapping of Active Research Report No. 05/2014) Justice Survey 2014/15: Partner Abuse’, ‘Reducing Reoffending: Review of Selected Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act Community Justice Authority Criminal Justice Diversion Schemes for Edinburgh: Scottish Government Countries’, SCCJR Research Report No: Brooks, O., Crowley, A. and Lombard, 2012’, Scottish Government Social Research Those with Mental Health Problems in Burman, M. and Imlah, N. (2011), ‘Time 04/2012 N. (2014), ‘Football and Domestic Abuse: A Series; Edinburgh Scottish Government Robertson, L. (2016), ‘Scottish Crime for Change Briefing Paper’. SCCJR Briefing Scotland’. SCCJR Research Report 05/2013 Literature Review’. SCCJR Research Report and Justice Survey 2014/15: Drug Use’. Burman, M. and Imlah, N. (2012) ‘Time Hamilton-Smith, N., Malloch, M., Ashe, Paper No. 03/2011 Goulding, A. and Cavanagh, B. (2013) No. 06/2014 Edinburgh: Scottish Government for Change: An Evaluation of an Intensive S., Rutherford, A., and Bradford, B. (2015) ‘Charges reported under the Offensive Behaviour Support Service for Young Women at High Foster, R. (2014), ‘Knife Crime ‘Community Impact of Public Processions’, at Football and Threatening Communications Risk of Secure Care or Custody’, SCCJR Interventions: What Works?’. SCCJR Edinburgh: Scottish Government Social (Scotland) Act (2012) in 2012-13’ Briefing Paper No.02/2012 Research Report No. 02/2014 Research Series

18 19 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

10 YEARS OF SCCJR ANNUAL LECTURES

2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 Critical Friends: Resisting Punitiveness Restoring Legitimacy to American What Makes Prisons Survivable? Towards What is Wrong with Penal Populism? The Honest Politicians Need For… Prisons (the view from Castle Rock) a theory of human flourishing in prisons

Rod Morgan Sonja Snacken Jonathan Simon Alison Liebling David Garland University of Bristol Free University Brussels University of California, Berkeley University of Cambridge New York University 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Persistent Offenders and the What are Psychopaths for? Is there a right to expunge Moving Targets: Reputational risk, rights Rethinking Punishment in an Uncertain Road to Desistance Dangerousness and the criminal convictions? and accountability in punishment Age of Mass Mobility wPopular Imagination

Kelly Hannah-Moffat Mary Bosworth Anthony Bottoms Shadd Maruna Elena Larrauri University of Toronto University of Oxford University of Cambridge Queen’s University, Belfast Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona

20 21 10 YEARS OF SCCJR The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

MARGUERITE SCHINKEL ELLIE BATES PhD: Long-term prisoners’ PhD: Vandalism: A Crime of Place? views of their sentence Current Position: AQMeN Current Position: ESRC Future Research Fellow in Criminology, Leaders Research Fellow, University of Edinburgh University of Glasgow

The best thing about doing my PhD with the SCCJR was The opportunity to undertake interesting and innovative FROM PhD TO that the Centre’s structure allowed me to have supervisors research as part of wider of community of Scottish in both Edinburgh and Glasgow, which was very helpful as criminologists inspired me to do my PhD with the SCCJR. I got the best of both worlds. I also really enjoyed some of The SCCJR were willing to support me by funding my the events put on for PhD students. inter-disciplinary research project, and association with the centre gave me the opportunity to meet other PhD and PROFESSIONAL Moving from Edinburgh, where I did my PhD, to Glasgow early-career researchers working in Scotland. for my post-doc meant that I now have strong partnerships with students and academics at both universities, strengthened through attending and organising SCCJR ALISTAIR FRASER Hard to believe, but at the time I was one of two PhD “I think SCCJR is vital for the criminology working lunches. I have written and am writing articles with PhD: Growing through gangs: students in criminology at Glasgow – once the other left, research community in Scotland – here’s it was just me. Being part of SCCJR connected me with a co-authors at both universities and am also developing to another 10 years!” young people, identity and social funding bids with colleagues at Strathclyde. change in Glasgow wider PhD community in criminology and criminal justice across Scotland, through away-days and training sessions, Current Position: Lecturer Through my research work funded by SCCJR I am now as well as creating opportunities to attend seminars and a researcher with the Applied Quantitative Methods in Criminology and Sociology, lectures from leading scholars from both within and “Through my research I have developed University of Glasgow close links with the Scottish Prison Network (AQMeN). I am also a member of the European without Scotland. It also created work opportunities – I Society of Criminology Working Group on Space, Place and I heard about SCCJR back in 2004, when I was doing ended up being involved in a whole range of projects, Service, and am developing ideas for Crime. I think SCCJR is vital for the criminology research a Masters in Criminology Oxford. I remember thinking first as a PhD student and latterly as a research associate. knowledge exchange with staff there.” community in Scotland – here’s to another 10 years! Returning to SCCJR as a lecturer, these benefits – of “that’s for me” – a one-stop-shop for critical approaches community, breadth, and opportunity – remain, but I’ve Through my research I have developed close links with to crime, criminalisation and justice in Scotland. I also come to appreciate other benefits. The SCCJR staff are worked for a year for the police then decided to do a the Scottish Prison Service, and am developing ideas for a tremendously engaged, creative and vibrant group, and knowledge exchange with several staff members there. PhD – one of my former teachers put me in contact the organisation has gone from strength to strength. with Michele Burman, who was in the process of I am aware that I am a direct beneficiary of the SCCJR’s setting up SCCJR. I remember her showing me the The PhD community is large and diverse, and many mission to develop research capacity in criminology. I’m building plans for Florentine House, SCCJR’s first graduates have now made their way into the world very grateful for this, and for the opportunities that the home, in that first meeting. Later I ended up with an of criminal justice in Scotland – SCCJR now have encouragement of more senior SCCJR staff have opened enormous office there, when space was less of an issue! real credibility and reach across a range of spheres up for me. both nationally and internationally. There is also real strength in depth in terms of expertise and support, “The SCCJR staff are a tremendously be it for research, publication, or otherwise. engaged, creative and vibrant group, Through SCCJR, I have also been able to develop some and the organisation has gone from important international links. Initially through a Mac strength to strength.” Robertson Travelling Scholarship as a PhD student, which allowed me to spend three months in Chicago, and latterly through an appointment in Hong Kong, SCCJR has helped me develop as an international researcher. This international role is something I hope to develop in future through my work with SCCJR.

22 23 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

The groups have been highly successful with lots of SCCJR Projects 2015-2016 interest from both prison-based and non-prison-based students. Quotes from reading group participants featured SCCJR 2015-16 Below is a brief summary of projects carried in the March 2016 edition of Scottish Justice Matters, out in SCCJR during the year 2015-2016, and with one noting “Even though it technically is us and them, the key contact people for each project. there is that elephant in the room, it doesn’t feel like that, it Awards and feels equal.” Justice Stories Achievements Sarah Armstrong, Anna Schliehe and Kirsty Deacon 2015-2016 In this project SCCJR researchers are recording ordinary people’s stories of justice. Recordings will be the basis of an online public archive aiming to share a wide Kath Murray receives her prize from Natalie From left, Beth Weaver, BSC Prize Convenor set of experiences that can inform the debate about Aguilera of SAGE Publishing James Treadwell and Alistair Fraser just societies. While much research focuses on the Kath Murray, who completed her Two SCCJR colleagues were joint perspectives of professionals and those deeply involved PhD about police stop and search with winners of the British Society of in justice processes – judges, victims, police, ‘offenders’ – SCCJR, was awarded the Outstanding Criminology’s Criminology Book this project gives voice to the everyday experiences of a Early Career Impact prize by the Prize: Beth Weaver of the University wide cross-section of people. These ordinary experiences Susan McVie Economic and Social Research Council of Strathclyde, for Offending and shape understanding of what justice is and how all of us (ESRC), in recognition of the huge Desistance: The Importance of Social play a role in making it happen, or not. Participants have Susan McVie of the University of served on juries, lived near prisons, had family involved in Edinburgh was presented with an OBE impact her research had on Scottish Relations and Alistair Fraser for Prisoner Reading Groups society. Richard Sparks commented Urban Legends: Gang Identity in Sarah Armstrong, Marguerite Schinkel, Margaret Malloch, trials, been affected by witnessing an arrest, and more. The for services to social sciences in the premise of the work is that justice (or injustice) is not solely New Year Honours. She was presented that “for a doctoral project to have the Post-Industrial City. Dr Fraser’s Susan Batchelor and PhD students across SCCJR initiated a major public debate on book was also nominated for the produced by officials acting in the public interest, and with the award by HRH Prince Charles SCCJR continues to coordinate reading groups of PhD doing their work largely out of sight. Like good educational at Buckingham Palace in June. an aspect of police practice and led Ethnography Award, presented directly to a change in legislation is annually by BBC Radio 4’s Thinking students and staff joining with prison-based students or health systems, effective justice systems are part of unprecedented in my experience.” Allowed in association with the British in peer-led academic reading groups. These groups a wider social context in which communities are active, Sociological Association. have been running in a number of Scottish prisons since empowered and listened to. The main researchers are July 2014. Reading groups are a familiar and important Sarah Armstrong (PI) and SCCJR affiliated doctoral students part of academic life and nurture a sense of intellectual Ana Schliehe and Kirsty Deacon. It has received funding community for students, whether based inside or outside from Glasgow University’s College of Social Science of prison. Reading topics change every month, with Internship Fund and Sociology Research Incentivisation Annie Crowley with the entire group discussing and deciding the subject Fund. The justice stories collection ultimately will become her first PhD supervisor Susan Batchelor for discussion. Topics have included: metaphor, class, a rich public and research resource. What’s your story of Martin Cathcart consumerism, representation of women in media, and the Froden justice? To share your own experience or learn more about PhD student Annie Crowley of geography of space. Suggestions for topics come from the project, contact [email protected]. the University of Glasgow beat off PhD student Martin Cathcart personal interests and wider events. The initiative involves competition from around the world Froden of the University of Glasgow, Elaine McLaughlin, second right, is presented a partnership between New College Lanarkshire, which to be awarded the 2016 Feminist whose research is an exploration with her award runs education in several Scottish prisons and SCCJR Criminology Graduate Research through creative writing of the PhD student Elaine McLaughlin of with students coming from different institutions and Scholarship. She received $5,000 for relationship between literature and Glasgow Caledonian University won subjects. The groups are part of SCCJR’s developing work her research proposal Protection For carceral space, won the prestigious the inaugural Scottish Institute for expanding support for and access to higher education. Whom?: Responding to ‘At Risk’ Young Dundee International Book Prize for his Policing Research (SIPR) and Police The reading groups are not part of a specific education Women in Scotland. This was an debut novel, Devil Take the Hindmost. Scotland Postgraduate Student Award or offender intervention programme, however, aiming outstanding achievement by Annie, (best presentation). The award was instead to create a space of learning where those who as an unprecedented number of introduced to encourage those who experience and those who study prisons can encounter entries were received this year. have completed, or are working each other as equals with shared interests. towards, a masters or doctoral award in a topic that is related to policing.

24 25 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Learning Resources for Schools Distant Voices Use of Electronic Monitoring in A Review of the Benefits of the Rebecca Foster, Greg Duncan and SCCJR staff Fergus McNeill EU Member States Scottish Crime Campus Gill McIvor, Hannah Graham Colin Atkinson and Michele Burman In 2015 the SCCJR produced a series of briefings for Scottish Distant Voices was developed in partnership between the SCCJR school pupils on popular topics relevant to the ‘Advanced and Vox Liminis, funded by the Scottish Prison Service, the ESRC, Working with research partners in the University of Leeds in SCCJR researchers have concluded work on a research Higher’ Modern Studies, National 5 and Higher curriculum. and the University of Glasgow. It represents an on-going body of England, Vrije Universiteit Brussel in Belgium, Utrecht University project to explore the perceptions of partners and users The briefings reflect some of the most popular topics that work that looks to explore crime and punishment through music, in the Netherlands, and the University of Greifswald in Germany, on the Scottish Crime Campus (SCC), based at Gartcosh in previous learners have chosen for their assignments and writing and film. The second phase of the Distant Voices projects this project has developed the Scottish component of the central Scotland. The SCC represents a significant financial dissertations. The briefings were produced by SCCJR PhD ran from February 2015 to February 2016, exploring themes of Use of Electronic Monitoring in EU Member States. The work and political investment in tackling serious organised student Rebecca Foster and Greg Duncan in collaboration re-entry and reintegration. The aim of this project was to explore in Scotland involved interviews with 30 practitioners working crime and terrorism in Scotland. The ethos of bringing with SCCJR staff. These briefings were designed to reflect a these themes by working collaboratively to write and share in diverse roles across the field of criminal justice, 53 hours of agencies together and promoting partnership working has common shortcoming in learners’ dissertations identified songs so as to enrich dialogue about re-entry. Working with ethnographic observation, literature review and secondary remained constant throughout the development of the data sources (e.g., statistics). The study has found that the use by the Scottish Qualifications Authority, which noted that HMP Castle Huntly, HMP&YOI Cornton Vale and with NCL at HMP SCC and its emergence into practice. Whilst the benefits of electronic monitoring (EM) is increasing in Scotland, and this pupils were overly reliant on general knowledge sites Glenochil, phase II involved songwriting (The Vox Sessions) with for those agencies based at the SCC have been recognised, is likely to be influenced by a few factors. Recommendations such as Wikipedia, as well as limited to various mainstream prisoners often at the point of contemplating their own re-entry. the impact of the SCC on the wider community of partners arising from the Scottish research include support for the The songwriting process took place first in groups of prisoners remained previously un-assessed. news websites such as BBC News. Instead, the aim of the introduction of GPS tagging technology to complement project was to produce learner and teacher friendly learning and then in mixed groups (of prisoners, former prisoners, existing tagging technology; stronger consideration given This project, undertaken by Michele Burman and Colin resources for those studying and teaching the crime, law criminologists and two prison officers). We also experimented to learning from Scandinavian and Dutch approaches to EM; Atkinson, focused on the impact of the crime campus and justice elements of the Modern Studies subject area with a songwriting project with men and their families in Castle and introduction of the option of a supervision requirement on communication, effectiveness, partnership working, in Scotland. The resulting briefings covered a wide range Huntly, informed by another evolving Vox Liminis project, In overseen by Criminal Justice Social Workers and third sector and coordination between those agencies based at the of topics and aimed to add further depth and analysis to Tune. Two Vox Sessions were also held in Glasgow, with former support options for people on EM orders. Most importantly campus and their external partners and users. The research existing curricular material. The selected topics include prisoners and those with experience of community sentences, a the project indicated that “one size does not fit all”, meaning team deployed a mixed methods research design – those which learners cover as part of the formal curriculum. criminal justice social worker and criminologists. that the use of EM tagging and curfews should be tailored in incorporating both an online questionnaire and a series However, some of these topics were chosen because they Leading on from Vox Sessions, Vox has now also established response to the people, crime type, and circumstances involved. of semi-structured interviews – which highlighted a key were identified as being popular dissertation topics for weekly Unbound meeting in Glasgow bringing together all Extensive dissemination activities have arisen from this project message: the impact of the SCC has resulted in broader those at Advanced Higher level, or were identified as being the different elements involved in the Vox Sessions – former in 2016. The jurisdictional and comparative findings were and deeper partnership working between SCC-based of more general interest to learners. These briefings were prisoners, a social worker, criminologists and musicians. In presented in plenary sessions at two international conferences agencies and those external partners of the crime campus. meant to be accessible to all and drew on a broad range turn, these have led to the development of other Vox activity showcasing this research project in Brussels and London in Whilst some challenges remain, external partners now of material, including criminological theory and empirical and public interaction, for example going to Solas Festival to February and March 2016, as well as three regional workshops feel they are ‘doing more’ and ‘doing it better’ since the research, statistical bulletins, research and policy reports and work with members of the public to write songs in response in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Across the five implementation of the crime campus. The researchers legislation. They offered up-to-date information and analysis, to songs from prison, and organising the Distant Voices project events co-produced by all of the research partners, remain engaged with the SCC in order to ensure the and although largely focused on the Scottish/UK context, Festival at CCA. We have found that this new community has a total of 330 participants from 18 EU countries and 8 non- most effective dissemination of the research findings and they made use of international comparisons. The remaining been met with overwhelming support as acts of co-creation– EU countries attended. Other activities include: releasing a maximise impact. briefings are undergoing final review and will be published making and sharing things together – strengthen and deepen Scottish research report, research briefing paper, comparative shortly, but feedback so far from teachers and pupils has relationships between prisoners, prison officers and social research report and comparative research briefing paper (in been extremely positive, with the resources described as workers, as well as the wider public. The work created through English, Dutch, French and German), academic publications “highly informative and accessible”, “very helpful for pupils the above processes has since found a wider public audience and conference presentations, presentations at practitioner and and staff” and “absolutely brilliant”. through print and broadcast media. We have recently put our policymaking forums, blog posts and Twitter. The findings and learning to good use in submitting a large research proposal recommendations of this research have been welcomed as to the ESRC for phase 3 of Distant Voices, with the support timely and informative by Advisory Board member Andy Bruce of the Scottish Prison Service, Glasgow Community Justice who worked in the Scottish Government Justice Directorate at the time, and members of the Scottish Government Working Authority and the Scottish Government. Group on Electronic Monitoring. 26 27 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

The feedback for the Free Online Course has been overwhelmingly positive; the most prescient concern was that the course was not long enough to cover the all the issues the students wished to explore. The whole process has proven very rewarding and easily paid off the time and effort that went into it. Dr Yates found having the opportunity to show her research to so many thousands of people and have them consider it, discuss it, challenge it, and debate it invaluable. This rich source of evolving dialogues has even influenced how she approaches her own research topics. Lives Sentenced Marguerite Schinkel Evaluation of the Rape Crisis Scotland Stop and Search Antiquities Trafficking and Art Crime The Lives Sentenced research has just entered its final year, National Advocacy Project Kath Murray Donna Yates with the first follow-up interviews completed. In the first Michele Burman, Oona Brooks, Lisa Bradley and Deborah Kyle The publication in 2014 of the findings of my PhD research The Free Online Course was developed on the platform round of interviews, I spoke to 22 men and 15 women, all of whom had served many short-term prison sentences. In February 2016 Rape Crisis Scotland (RCS) launched a on Stop and Search practices by the police continues to see FutureLearn to be a free, easy introduction to the different Most were imprisoned at the time of the interview, but new national project to provide support and advocacy to changes and reform in Scottish policy in 2015 and 2016. On aspects of Antiquities Trafficking and Art Crime. The goal 12 were interviewed in the community. Common themes survivors who have engaged, or are considering engaging 31 March 2015, following a critical report by HMICS and an of creating this course has been to produce something in their stories of punishment were that they were often with, the criminal justice system following a serious sexual internal review by Police Scotland, the Scottish Government public and accessible, that would directly report the given chances (i.e. community sentences) at the start, crime. Funding for the national advocacy project (NAP) appointed an Independent Advisory Group (IAG) to review outputs and conclusions (as well as the general trajectory but that once they had been imprisoned, only further has been secured from the Scottish Government until the future of stop and search in Scotland and draft a statutory of the research) of Dr Yates’s work and the Trafficking imprisonment followed, irrespective of gaps in offending March 2018. The project will be delivered in partnership Code of Practice. In order to better inform the direction and Culture Project. The Free Online Course contains three or an increased desire to desist. with 15 local support centres across Scotland, each of use of stop and search seemed unclear, I authored a report weeks of videos and activities related to three topics: whom will employ Advocacy Workers to provide services mapping out trends in the post-reform period. The analysis Antiquities Trafficking, Art Crime, and Return (of cultural Many felt that prison had become a place they were at a local level. Through this service, Rape Crisis trained indicated that that stop search levels were falling, albeit from property). These materials aim to teach the subject matter used to, easier for them to navigate than the outside, and Advocacy Workers will provide advocacy support to victims/ an exceptionally high baseline, which meant that search rates through relevant and current research results. Students offended on purpose on occasion. Patterns of meaning survivors of serious sexual crime in the expectation that it in Scotland continued to outstrip those in England and Wales. have the freedom to progress at their own pace but are attributed to imprisonment were persistent disruption of will enhance the support available to them and improve The report, published by the SCCJR in June 2015, gained encouraged to complete one section a week. SCCJR PhD resources outside, seeing brief periods outside as a ‘holiday’, their experience of the criminal justice process. It is also media and parliamentary attention and the Scottish Human students Meg Lambert and Christine Weirich have been prison as a ‘poor’ resource – usually in terms of housing or anticipated that this will facilitate greater understanding of Rights Commission also drew on the findings to report Police the teaching assistants for this project; they have helped drug rehabilitation, and imprisonment as the aftermath of the decision made by the victim/survivor regarding whether Scotland to the United Nations Committee on Human Rights. develop some of the activities but most importantly all some other traumatic event, such as a car crash or having to proceed with the criminal justice process and the impact This prompted the UN to advise the Scottish Government that together they and Dr Yates form a team to answer student children taken away. Another common theme was the way that advocacy support may have on this decision. it should abolish non-statutory stop and search. questions on the course online forums. in which the justice system maintained criminal careers, through the loss inherent in imprisonment, but also through The main purpose of the evaluation is to: assess the The publication of the IAG report in September 2015 was The course proved immensely popular. Nearly 11,000 police practices in which they, as the usual suspects, impact of the NAP, and the extent to which the key followed by an announcement by the Scottish Government students signed up for the first run of the course in were especially targeted and sometimes provoked into objectives have been met; identify the lessons learnt from that it had accepted the Group’s recommendations in February 2016 and another 5,000 signed up for the second chargeable offences, such as police assault or breach of the the work, in particular, the delivery of the NAP model by full; to end non-statutory stop and search, as well as run starting June. The team have been pleased with the peace. Imprisonment often followed. partner organisations; identify best practice for wider recommendations relating to the Code of Practice, scrutiny global level of interest, as the students have come from dissemination; and identify the extent to which the NAP and accountability, and the best interests of children. These all corners of the world (ranging from the UK to Australia has influenced policy and practice within key justice were tabled as a package of amendments to the Criminal to Zimbabwe). These students represent a whole range of agencies. The evaluation will incorporate the views of Justice (Scotland) Bill, which received royal assent in January learning levels and diversity of backgrounds, from teens the survivors using the project, the Advocacy Workers, 2016. My research has also looked to explore themes of to seniors, from undergraduates to PhDs to directors of RCS Managers, the police, Crown Office and any other under-regulation, weak accountability as well as a low-scrutiny museums to law enforcement professionals. Additionally identified key stakeholders. Upon completion of the environment prior to police reform in 2013 which led to some of the attendees of the course were also the evaluation, the evaluation team will produce a full report two separate publications. The research has also led to an researchers who featured in course activities, providing that identifies key findings, lessons learned, best practice examination of the prevalence of stop and search amongst students with a more direct line in understanding and and recommendations for future developments. children in Edinburgh and Glasgow, and children’s perceptions discussing the projects involved. of police through the self-report survey, Understanding and Preventing Youth Crime (UYPC). A report on the UYPC findings, commissioned by the Scottish Police Authority, is due for publication in June 2016. I am also preparing an SCCJR report to inform the Scottish Government consultation on a power to stop and search children for alcohol. 28 29 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Problematic identities Margaret Malloch, Niall Hamilton-Smith, Bill Munro, Jennifer Hoolachan Emerging from ongoing work conducted at the University of Stirling and with colleagues across SCCJR (Community Impact of Public Processions; Offensive Behaviour at Football Matches), our work on the construction of ‘problematic identities’ has developed to consider the construction and reconstruction of identities in relation to legislation, policy and criminal justice practices. Our engagement with practitioners, policy-makers and academics resulted in a successful application to the SCCJR Capacity Building Fund which, along with support from the School of Applied Social Science at the University of Crime, Critique and Utopia Offender Supervision in Europe Stirling, allowed us to host a seminar in December 2016. Margaret Malloch and Bill Munro Fergus McNeill The key objectives of the seminar were: Having recently concluded its fourth and final year, the n To consider the ways in which some individuals The concept of utopia covers a variety of meanings and COST Action on Offender Supervision in Europe spanned 23 and groups become ‘problematised’ and subject to interpretations which differ in content, form, political European countries and three working groups with a total of 64 regulation as a result of their attachment to cultural alignment and intention, however, one of the key active participants (with many others having contributed along and/or national constructs, while others may feel that characteristics of utopian politics lies in the imagining of political systems radically different from existing the way in various ways). The collective expertise of those who their security is threatened by the same cultural and/or were involved encompasses criminal justice, criminology, law, national constructs; contemporary ones. This on-going and developing work which began in 2010 explores utopia as a means of psychology, social work and sociology. This network of leading n To explore the gap between law and rights-based reimagining the constraints on theory and practice within researchers highlighted the emergence of ‘mass supervision’ approaches to policy within specific cultural contexts; critical criminology and continues through on-going in European criminal justice systems. Rather than providing a less expensive and more effective approach to punishment, n To examine the antinomies and contradictions debate with colleagues within SCCJR and internationally, in most countries supervision has grown at the same time as surrounding ‘civic society’ and explore the efficacy of within the European Group for the Study of Deviance and imprisonment, creating more expansive and more expensive Poverty and Crime civic society approaches to challenging and addressing Social Control (2016). Susan McVie and Lesley McAra ‘intolerance’. penal systems which penetrate more deeply into the lives of We have applied this work, which is a continuous increasing numbers of people. The pilot projects developed UK data shows that poverty has increased in recent years, These objectives were derived from discussions and debates thread in most of our developing work – in informing by the COST Action network looked at a range of issues especially in the wake of the financial crisis, and that young surrounding the meanings of identity and nationality which theory, practice and resistance, in a variety of ways involved in mass supervision, including developing both people have suffered the most. In Scotland, around half were heightened in the lead up to, and in the aftermath which have included: survey instruments and the use of innovative visual methods a million people, including 100,000 children, are living in of, the Scottish Independence Referendum in September to explore and compare experiences of those subject to n The publication of an edited book Crime, Critique and ‘severe’ poverty. The Edinburgh Study of Youth Transitions supervision across jurisdictions. Other projects looked at 2014. Building on these themes, this on-going project aims Utopia published by Palgrave Macmillan as part of their and Crime has followed the lives of around 4,300 young decision-making processes in breaches of supervision and to unpack the ways in which identities are defined within Critical Criminological Perspective Series in 2013; people as they made the transition from childhood cultural and policy contexts and how they have resulted management of compliance, and at first meetings between to adulthood. Using both self-reported data from the in problematic depictions, and consequent regulation, of n A Pecha Kucha presentation - ‘Finding ‘Justice’ in Utopia’, supervisors and supervisees, as well as using diaries to compare cohort members and linked data from a range of official individuals and groups. These issues are particularly reflected Utopias, Futures and Temporalities: Critical Considerations professional lives and routine practices of supervisors. for Social Change, Bristol Zoo 19-20 May 2015 (organised administrative datasets, Professors McVie and McAra have in the criminal justice system, raising concerns about Beyond these pilot projects, the network ran three international by University of Bristol) (with Sarah Armstrong). studied the effect of childhood poverty on violence in the processes of criminalisation, surveillance and access to justice. conferences, eight Management Committee Meetings, eight teenage years and examined its impact beyond into early n Guest editorship of Scottish Justice Matters (March 2016) meetings of the working groups, nine short-term scientific adulthood. They have found that poverty has a significant Evidence Reviews of Prostitution Reimagining Punishment and Justice; missions (which allowed one researcher to visit another), and and direct effect on young people’s likelihood to engage Margaret Malloch n Contributions of articles to the forthcoming first edition four core group meetings, as well as a Training School for in violence at age 15, even after controlling for the effects SCCJR is working with the Scottish Government Justice of Justice, Power and Resistance, the journal of the post-graduate and early career researchers. The final report of a range of other factors known to influence violent Analytical Services (JAS) to: explore and summarise existing European Group for the Study of Deviance and was published on 15 March 2016 and the third and final book behaviour. Their findings are supportive of a theory of evidence on the nature and scale of prostitution/sex work in Social Control. produced by the project, titled The Enforcement of Offender offending based on the concept of negotiated order: for Scotland; and to examine the available international evidence Supervision in Europe: Understanding Breach Processes, is currently being edited by Miranda Boone, Niamh Maguire and young people from the most impoverished backgrounds, on the criminalisation of the purchase of sex. Significant Gill McIvor and will be published by Routledge in Spring 2017. violence provides a touchstone through which identities evidence gaps, where they exist, will be identified and their Hannah Graham and Gill McIvor have also been involved with are shaped, affected both by informal (peer reaction) and impact on understanding the criminalisation of the purchase formal (police and teacher behaviour) interactions. the COST Action’s largest on-going spin-off project on the of sex will be considered. The project, which started in 2015, Use of Electronic Monitoring in EU Member States (see above). is due for completion in autumn 2016. An expert Research All the work of this prestigious network can be found on the Advisory Group is supporting the work of SCCJR. project website: http://www.offendersupervision.eu/. 30 31 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Justice, Civic Engagement and the These conclusions suggest the need to decentre and Public Sphere: Mapping Democratic recalibrate the contexts through which studies of Transformations in Scottish Society youth, place and space are situated. Whilst funding for the study came to an end in August 2015, an exhibit Margaret Malloch, Bill Munro, Ashley Rogers showcasing Jephcott’s groundbreaking photography This study, which began in 2015 and is funded by the British from the 1960s along with contemporary pieces was Academy/Leverhulme, aims to examine the ways in which a presented in the ESRC Festival of Social Science. The re-invigorated public sphere shapes concepts of social justice exhibit sought to compare the post-industrial cityscape and active citizenship. It examines the extent to which civic of Glasgow with the globalised density of Hong Kong, participation is sustained following the 2014 Referendum and the exhibition interrogated questions of globalization, explores the relationship between concepts of ‘justice’ and inequality and social change in a way that was grounded citizenship, and the institutional structures of governance (civil in the experiences of young people. The feedback was society) which sustains them. It draws upon our previous work overwhelmingly positive, indicating that the public which involved an examination of concepts of ‘justice’, ‘public thought the project was a ‘very interesting study and great to sphere’ and ‘civil society’ (within and beyond nation states) A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness (Re)Imagining Youth: A Comparative Study learn about Hong Kong”, “a GREAT exhibit which opened my and discourses surrounding these in terms of social cohesion of Asset-based Interventions Against of Youth Leisure in Glasgow & Hong Kong eyes to Glasgow’s youth and beyond” and “Excellent - haven’t and critical reflection through an analysis of processes of Organised Crime Susan Batchelor, Alistair Fraser, Leona LI Ngai Ling seen research findings presented in a way that engages so many groups in a public space”. criminalisation within Central and Eastern European societies Simon Mackenzie, Niall Hamilton-Smith and Colin Atkinson and Lisa Whittaker (Munro, 2013: Goodall, Malloch and Munro, 2013). The recent Referendum which took place in Scotland in 2014 provides a SCCJR researchers remain on course to deliver a systematic This ESRC-funded project to examine youth leisure in Glasgow Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the significant opportunity to examine the application of these key review of the effectiveness of asset-based interventions and Hong Kong involved concurrent, qualitative research Use of SmartWater by Police in Domestic concepts (‘justice’, ‘public sphere’ and ‘civil society’) in a notably against organised crime, as part of a broader project led by in two comparable case-study locations.A total of 14 focus Abuse Cases different context – and links in with our ongoing work on the the What Works Centre for Crime Reduction to develop and groups and 30 individual interviews were conducted with Colin Atkinson, Christine Goodall ‘construction of problematic identities’. In contrast to the often, embed evidence into everyday policing. This systematic young people, alongside 15 interviews with local stakeholders. In partnership with Dr Christine Goodall of the Dental major upheavals which were a feature of Central and Eastern review seeks to identify and evaluate the evidence relating In addition, we gathered approximately 500 images School at the University of Glasgow (and co-founder of European state transformations, responses to calls for change to asset-focussed interventions against organised crime, and (photography and drawing) and 200 online survey responses. the charity Medics Against Violence), this project aims to in Scotland were marked by democratic participation and in doing so answer a specific question: Are‘ asset-focussed Over 280 young people, aged 16-24 years, took part in the evaluate a police initiative to tackle domestic abuse in civic engagement which for many, took precedence over the interventions effective in reducing the level of threat and harm study in total (159 in Glasgow and 125 in Hong Kong). Glasgow. This initiative involves the use of SmartWater eventual result, as a marker of social engagement. posed by organised crime groups and networks?’. Key findings suggest four conclusions for the analyses of – a forensic traceable liquid that is odourless and visible youth in a global context: We aim to examine the impact of political engagement Answering this question is particularly timely given only under conditions of ultraviolet light – to enforce bail and activity on the formation and reimagining of the not just the increasing deployment of asset-focussed n There is nothing radically new about contemporary conditions in domestic abuse cases where there was a public sphere, particularly in relationship to the formation interventions against organised crime, but also the ways patterns of youth leisure across both contexts, place has condition for an alleged perpetrator to stay away from a of public opinion, people’s self-understanding as citizens in which such interventions have been explicitly targeted remained a central driver of identity-formation, particularly particular locus, such as a home address. and conceptions of social justice; in particular the role of in some jurisdictions as measures to mitigate the harms in those areas of the city in which opportunities for The rationale for the deployment of SmartWater in ‘grass-root’ organisations in shaping concepts of justice. caused by organised crime. This systematic review aims, economic and social mobility are limited. such cases is undertaken to protect and reassure the The study is due for completion in November 2016. where possible, to identify the causal mechanisms through n Fluctuations in economic strength impact the economic victims of domestic abuse and assist in the detection which asset-focussed interventions are expected to reduce and social landscape of city-spaces and in turn the and prosecution of offenders where offences occur. crime and the conditions under which such interventions geographical isolation or economic exclusion of This evaluation project involves the analysis of police have been found to be effective, ineffective and/or to young people. The city plays a central role in refracting data, as well as fieldwork with those individuals involved produce unintended negative effects. The project remains and filtering transnational processes of globalisation, in cases where the technology has, and has not, been ongoing, with the results of the evaluation to be delivered precariousness and neoliberalism. in summer 2016. implemented. The project remains ongoing, with the n The transformation of online communication facilitates results of the evaluation to be delivered in autumn 2016. real-world engagement where these emergent ‘spaces’ of youth represent a critical mediating point between the ‘spaces of place’ and ‘spaces of flows’ in which place-based identities are less fixed and different ways of thinking and being possible.

32 33 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Gill McIvor presented on ‘New approaches to custody for women: learning from progressive policies and practices’, while Richard Sparks provided reflections on the themes emerging from the symposium and Fergus McNeill introduced the final discussion. Staff and students from SCCJR also acted as workshop facilitators and scribes. Domestic abuse in the Scottish Context – What Works to Reduce Incidence and Harm The SCCJR organised a one-day domestic abuse summit in October 2015 on behalf of the Scottish Government, bringing together academics and practitioners to share knowledge and ideas. SCCJR staff and students acted as scribes and facilitators for workshops covering four WORKING WITH THE areas: working effectively with perpetrators, criminal and civil justice responses to domestic abuse, ’What Works’ in interventions in domestic abuse, and responding to SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT victim/survivors. Constructing ‘Problematic’ Identities Since its inception, SCCJR has This event in December 2015 brought together academics In 2015-2016, SCCJR undertook 14 projects worked closely with the from across Scotland and the UK with practitioners and under the Collaboration Agreement. Scottish Government Justice policy-makers to debate and discuss how the state and These were: Analytical Services Division (SG civic societies respond to social divisions in increasingly SCOTSTAT Crime and Justice Committee – Building Safer JASD) through our innovative diverse and multi-cultural societies. In particular, the uses, Communities Programme (McVie); SCOTSTAT Crime Communicating Collaboration Agreement, the benefits and limitations of the law were considered in and Justice Committee (MacQueen); Juries Research terms of which provide for ‘the relation to other forms of social policy and civic society (Armstrong, Leverick and Chalmers); Domestic and Engaging facilitation of co-operative approaches. The day was funded by the SCCJR Capacity Abuse Event (Burman, MacQueen, Craven, McFeeley, The SCCJR has several channels for communicating about working between SG JASD and Building Fund with support from the School of Applied Proctor, Whitburn, Foster, Forbes, Robertson, its activities: our website (www.sccjr.ac.uk), which SCCJR ... to encourage the enhanced contribution of social Social Science at the University of Stirling. Gormley and McBride); International review of the features news, events, publications and profiles of staff scientific academic knowledge, experience and expertise, as law relating to smacking, and approaches to disciplining and students; our Twitter feed (@TheSCCJR), which keeps Reimagining Custody, Community and brought together through SCCJR, to policy, research and children (Burman, Robertson and Craven); Review nearly 1700 followers up-to-date on developments in Citizenship for 21st century Scotland analysis in the SG JASD.’ criminal justice in Scotland and beyond; and our quarterly of effective service responses/better practice with The Scottish Prison Service hosted a symposium in Edinburgh Under this Agreement, SCCJR provides a range of research e-newsletter, which is sent to more than 1,300 subscribers regards to specialist services for older problem drug in June 2016, organised with collaborative input from SCCJR and research-based knowledge exchange activities that including academics, politicians, policy-makers, third- users (Armstrong and Atkinson); International and the Scottish Government, to discuss the nature and contribute to the design, development and implementation sector workers and the general public. review of the use of Electronic Monitoring (McIvor and purpose of penal policy and practice in contemporary of criminal justice policy in the Scottish Government and Graham); Scottish Crime and Justice Survey: Drug Use Scotland. Lesley McAra, Fergus McNeill, Sarah Armstrong, the design, conduct and production of research and (Robertson), Scottish Crime and Justice Survey: Self- Marguerite Schinkel and PhD student Briege Nugent of the analysis in SG JASD. This has included the preparation completion sexual victimisation and stalking (McVie and Knowledge Exchange SCCJR were among the contributors. of written briefings on current evidence; peer review of Murray), Scottish Crime and Justice Survey: Partner Abuse The Centre regularly works in partnership with the The event explored the values, beliefs and assumptions research reports; the production of reviews and syntheses of (Burman, McVie, Murray and MacQueen); Research Scottish Government, statutory bodies and third-sector within Scottish culture that underlie the current relationships evidence on policy topics; and the preparation and delivery into Sex industry/Prostitution (Malloch, Smith, Forbes, organisations to deliver knowledge exchange events. between concepts of community, citizenship and custody of oral briefings and presentations. SCCJR has undertaken Robertson and Burman), Hate Crime (Armstrong, These are some highlights from 2015/16: and explore how these relationships might be better secondary analysis of official statistics and crime survey McBride (M), and McBride (T)), Effectiveness of From Vision to Reality – Transforming configured. It examined social inequalities reflected in, and data, and SCCJR staff sit on a range of Scottish Government mediation in the context of domestic abuse (Brooks) advisory boards, project boards and working groups, and Refreshing Serious Organised Crime Group mapping Scotland’s Care of Women in Custody reproduced by, the penal system and considered whether and how a future penal system might challenge and disrupt and have contributed research seminars to the Scottish (Hamilton-Smith, Mackenzie and Atkinson). SCCJR staff and students played a major role in this these inequalities. Government lunchtime seminar series. international symposium to consider the future direction of custody for women in Scotland, organised by the We are very pleased to say that in February 2015 SG Scottish Prison Service and held in Edinburgh in May 2015. JASD provided £110,000 of continued core funding to SCCJR for a further 12 months to continue this work.

34 35 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

SCCJR In The Media 31 March 2015: Kath Murray’s 10 June 2015: Susan McVie 14 July 2015: Donna Yates’s July research on stop-and-search is interviewed by Ari Shapiro on visit to Nepal to observe heritage site features in a Guardian article on the National Public Radio in the US about security measures after the country’s appointment of Howard League her views on How Glasgow shed its earthquake attracts considerable local Scotland chairman John Scott QC to reputation as ‘The Murder Capital Of media attention, including articles in the inquiry into the police practice. Western Europe’. In the interview, Newsgram and The Himalayan Times. which also features John Carnochan 14 April 2015: The Scotsman 26 August 2015: Research on of the Violence Reduction Unit, publishes a front-page-linked electronic monitoring (EM) by Susan speaks about how Glasgow’s article on the work of Christos Hannah Graham and Gill McIvor homicide rate has been reduced by Tsirogiannis titled Exposed: Christie’s is mentioned in a range of media two-thirds over the past decade. VISITING FELLOWS ‘criminal’ treasures, and a leader following the announcement of the comment describing Christos as “a 23 June 2015: Research by Niall Scottish Government’s EM strategy, modern-day Indiana Jones”. The Hamilton-Smith et al on the including coverage from BBC In 2015-2016, SCCJR welcomed five Professor Mark Findlay, Professor of story is picked up by numerous other Offensive Behaviour at Football Scotland, The Herald, The Scotsman, Criminal Justice at the University of media including the Daily Record, and Threatening Communications and Daily Record. international visiting fellows. Sydney and Professor of Law at Scottish Legal News and Archaeology (Scotland) Act 2012 receives extensive 30 August 2015: The work of the Singapore Management University, News Network. press coverage including articles in Professor Robin A Robinson, of the Trafficking Culture team is the subject made a three-month visit to SCCJR from The Scotsman and The Herald, and Department of Sociology and of an article in the Sunday Herald October to December 2015. During his is heavily referenced in a Scottish Anthropology at the University of headlined Scotland’s elite archaeologists stay he worked on questions of Parliament debate. Massachusetts Dartmouth, visited the target global tomb raiders. SCCJR for two weeks in May 2015. Her corruption and globalisation, criminal enterprise, and the work concerns gender, crime, and regulation and governance of global crime, with special justice – specifically, girls in care and reference to human trafficking. Mark was based at the correctional systems. Her Visiting Fellowship focused upon University of Edinburgh School of Law. a project that will provide systematic consideration of how Professor David Garland, Professor the clinical phenomenon of vicarious trauma (VT) affects of Law and Sociology at New York staff who work with girls in such facilities and systems, and University, visited the University of how VT challenges the foundations of treatment that staff Edinburgh in May and delivered a 7 May 2015: The evaluation of the must provide for troubled and troublesome girls in conflict week-long course on Michel Foucault pilot project Support to Report (S2R) with their families, communities, and the law. Robin was at the Law School. received media coverage in The based at the University of Glasgow. Herald, The Courier and various online Chief Superintendent Sharjil Kharal Professor Maria Carmen Navarro media outlets. The project, which from the Pakistan Police Service visited Villanueva, Professor of Prisons Law offers an advocacy service to victims/ the SCCJR from July to September 2015 and Criminal Proceeding at the survivors of rape, was evaluated by in a trip made possible by the SCCJR’s Autonomous University of Barcelona, Oona Brooks and Michele Burman second Commonwealth Professional arrived at the SCCJR in May 2016 and is with assistance from PhD student Fellowship award. Sharjil is ranked as a visiting until December. Her research is Deborah Kyle. Deputy Inspector General and currently centred in women’s prisons, and during 27 May 2015: Fergus McNeill’s 6 July 2015: Findings from AQMeN’s works for the Sindh Police force based in Karachi. While in her stay her work will revolve around the influence of the evidence to Scottish Parliament’s research on changing patterns of Glasgow he researched ‘The challenges to forensic motherhood in relation to desistance. Carmen is based at Justice Committee on plans to end victimisation are featured in a Holyrood investigation in Pakistani law enforcement: A way forward’. the Faculty of Social Science at the University of Stirling. automatic early release for prisoners Magazine article titled Crime falls to During his visit he met with representatives from the record low – but who benefits?. The Professor Julie Stubbs, a criminologist attracts extensive coverage and Scottish police and leading academics in the area of forensic article, which focuses on a recent paper 4 September 2015 – Kath Murray and professor in the Faculty of Law at the comment in The Herald. science. Sharjil was based at the University of Glasgow. published in Scottish Justice Matters writes an opinion article for The University of New South Wales, in Sydney, by Susan McVie, Paul Norris and National arguing that stronger local Australia, visited the SCCJR in June 2016 as Rebecca Pillinger, highlights the policing can be delivered without the part of her research on alternatives to rising inequality in risk of becoming a need for root-and-branch reform. women’s imprisonment. Much of her victim of crime in Scotland during the research focuses on women and criminal recent crime decline. justice including women’s imprisonment, justice reinvestment, restorative justice, domestic violence law reforms, homicide, battered woman syndrome and sexual assault. 36 37 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

21 October 2015 – PhD student 14 November 2015: The Distant 7 February 2016: Alistair Fraser’s Martin Cathcart Froden wins the Voices Festival culminates in a research into gangs in Glasgow is Research Awards 2015-2016 Dundee International Book Prize, and concert that receives a four-star the subject of articles in the Sunday Michele Burman and Prof Robin Oona Brooks and Nancy Lombard Distant Voices, a collaboration receives extensive media coverage review from Fiona Shepherd in The Herald, The Scotsman and the Robinson of the University of received funding of £23,000 from the between SCCJR and the charity Vox from outlets including in The Scotsman, who says “the spirit of Evening Times. Alistair also appears Massachusetts (who was an SCCJR Sir Halley Stewart Trust for a four- Liminis, was awarded £80,000 from Scotsman, The Herald, The Courier, the enterprise and the quality of the on BBC Radio Scotland’s Kaye Adams Visiting Fellow in 2015), along with month feasibility study analysing Creative Scotland for its project The Times and BBC News. songs shone through”. The Daily show and STV’s Scotland Tonight to PhD student Annie Crowley, have the correlation between football Coming Home: Not Known at this Record also runs a detailed, positive discuss his findings. 6 November 2015 – The (Re) been successful in obtaining a and domestic abuse in England Address. This grant will match in with article about Distant Voices. Imagining Youth exhibition is covered Welcome Trust Social Science and and Scotland. They will be working support from the Scottish Prison in The Scotsman under the headlines Humanities Award (£50,000) to carry with Dr Emma Williamson from the Service and Glasgow Community ‘Researchers reveal what connects out research on the experiences and University of Bristol. Justice Authority to bring some youth of Glasgow and Hong Kong’ effects of vicarious traumatisation of Scotland’s best contemporary Simon Mackenzie and colleagues and ‘Staying in is the new going out amongst those who work with songwriters together with groups of at UCL, Birkbeck, LSHTM, Surrey, for Scots youths’. In addition, Alistair offending young women and girls. prisoners, former prisoners, prison Dundee, Cardiff and Southampton Fraser wrote a comment piece for The project will commence in officers, criminal justice staff, victims Universities are collaborating on an the paper that appeared under the autumn 2016 and run for one year. of crime, academics and families ESRC-funded research project titled heading ‘A year is a really, really long affected by imprisonment, to write Michele Burman and Oona ‘University Consortium for Evidence- time in politics’. and record songs that explore Brooks along with Lisa Bradley Based Crime Reduction’. The Glasgow themes pertinent to ‘coming home’, and PhD student Debbie Kyle have element of the funding award is enhancing deliberation about been successful in obtaining Rape £32,028. The project commenced punishment and reintegration Crisis Scotland funding (£39,950) to in 2015 and is due for completion in through art-based dialogue. conduct an Evaluation of the Police February 2017. Scotland/Rape Crisis Scotland Pilot Susan McVie received a £5,000 Fergus McNeill was awarded a Advocacy Support Service. The project Scottish Police Authority Consultancy European Cooperation in Science and commenced in January 2016 and is Award for’ Young People’s December 28 2015: PhD student Technology (COST) grant of £69,300 due to be completed by February 2018. Experiences of Stop and Search: A Martin Cathcart Froden of the for his European network on offender Comparative Study of Scotland and University of Glasgow is the subject 1 March 2016: Donna Yates talks Michele Burman along with Colin supervision. This was the final year of England’, which was completed by of The Herald’s Face to Face feature, in about major museum thefts on Atkinson received £14,500 of funding the four-year project. Kath Murray in June 2016. which he discusses his work in prison Radio 4’s Today programme and STV from the Scottish Crime Campus/ Fergus McNeill was the recipient and his PhD responding creatively to news after 14 members of organised Police Scotland to undertake research of £14,021 from the ESRC-IAA fund prison architecture. crime gangs are convicted of stealing titled ‘Scottish Crime Campus User to continue the ‘Mass Supervision: artefacts from museums worth nearly Perceptions’. The final report was 17 January 2016 – Fergus McNeill Seen and Heard’ project. These funds £60 million. submitted in May 2016. appears alongside Alison Urie of Vox supported innovative knowledge Liminis on Sunday Morning With… 14 March 2016: Fergus McNeill Michele Burman along with PhD exchange activities linked to the Ricky Ross on BBC Radio Scotland appears on Scotland 2016 to discuss students Annie Crowley and cost action on Offender Supervision to talk about Distant Voices. The supervision and imprisonment rates George Walters-Sleyon received in Europe work on experiencing segment, for which a reporter after the Cost Action on Offender £2,062 from the Scottish Prison supervision. Specifically they funded a attended a Vox session in Castle Huntly Supervision in Europe of which he Service to provide assistance in the song-writing workshop and exhibition prison, also includes interviews with is chair publishes its final report. preparation of the report on the SPS of photographs and performance 13 November 2015 – The prisoners and Louis Abbot performing The findings are also the subject Symposium ‘From Vision to Reality of songs inspired by them. The publication of the Scottish Justice the Distant Voices song Breathe Life. of an article in The Herald headed – Transforming Scotland’s Care of photographs were taken by people on Matters edition on Poverty, Inequality 24 January 2016: Donna Academics warn of the rise of ‘mass Women in Custody’. supervision or supervisors. and Justice receives significant press Yates’s new free online course on supervision’ by the justice system. and social media coverage. Susan Margaret Malloch and Bill Munro FutureLearn, Antiquities Trafficking 19 March 2016: PhD student McVie is interviewed on the topic were awarded £7,000 from the British and Art Crime, is the subject of Maureen McBride is quoted in of poverty and the justice system Academy/Leverhulme for their project articles in the Sunday Herald and articles in The Herald and Evening by the BBC Radio Good Morning Justice, Civic Engagement and the Evening Times. Times about policing arrangements Scotland programme and there is also Public Sphere: Mapping Democratic for Easter Rising Celebrations. coverage on the BBC website, STV, Transformations in Scottish Society. Radio Clyde and in The Herald.

38 39 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

PhD Snapshots The SCCJR PhD Community In the following section, we are proud Aims to showcase some of the PhD work The aim of the research was to utilise an ethnographic Funded PhD studentships approach to the study of legal consciousness and highlight We are very proud of our active and currently being conducted by our the relationship that women have with their rights. The growing postgraduate community. We Our PhD community continues to grow steadily, with new first focus was on the structural conditions of society that doctoral students joining us each year. In the session 2015- second-year and third-year students. currently support a large group of affiliated predicate the development of legal transitions in Bolivia 16, we were successful in obtaining a number of prestigious This is followed by a full list of PhD and the second was the everyday lived experiences of the postgraduates (supervised by one or more funded PhD studentships, from the ESRC/Scottish Graduate students, their topics and supervisors. law, explored through a framework of legal consciousness members of SCCJR, some of which are cross- School Doctoral Training Centre to the Criminology and in order to uncover the relationship between women’s Socio-legal Studies Pathway and the Scottish Government institutional supervisory arrangements). Legal Consciousness and Subjectivity: rights and subjectivity. co-funded Studentships. These studentships, which in some An exploration of women’s rights cases continue our tradition of cross-institutional supervisory Fieldwork Our postgraduates benefit from PhD ‘away days’ where and violence in La Paz, Bolivia arrangements, also reflect our ongoing engagement with Twelve months of fieldwork in the city of La Paz was students can network, share ideas and engage with more policy and practice communities. Ashley Rogers, conducted between October 2014 and October 2015 in experienced researchers. Our postgraduates are also active University of Stirling order to uncover the ways that women experience law members of SCCJR reading groups, they get involved in PhD Poster Competition Supervisors: Samantha Punch and their rights, and how this in turn influences – and is various ways in our research and knowledge exchange The SCCJR’s second annual PhD poster competition and William Munro used to construct – subjectivities. La Paz was chosen due activities as paid interns, and they attend and participate in was held in 2015, and as with the inaugural contest the to the diversity of its residents. Participant observation was SCCJR seminars and working lunches. This ESRC-funded, socio-legal PhD standard of entries was extremely high. First prize went conducted in two women’s centres, as well as interviews explores women’s rights and subjectivities to Emiline Smith of the University of Glasgow for her and in-depth life stories in order to explore the presence in Bolivia through the framework of poster on Cultural Property in Transit: A Case Study of Hong and meaning of law in women’s everyday lives. Interviews There were six PhD completions during the past legal consciousness using ethnographic methods. Ashley is Kong, and runner-up was Ali Malik of the University of were conducted not only with women but also with civil year. Warm congratulations are extended to: currently in her third year of the doctorate process. Edinburgh for Exploring the landscape of Police Governance society organisations and government bodies to provide Emma Smith of the University of Stirling, for her thesis and Accountability in Scotland. Overview greater understanding of the structural conditions of ‘Violence can mean a lot of things can’t it?’ An exploration To view the winning entries please visit: With the first indigenous President in power, and a new society and the role that organisations play, in an attempt of responses to harm associated with indoor sex work in www.sccjr.ac.uk/news-events/news/phd-poster- Constitution, the Plurinational State of Bolivia has undergone to map legal consciousness. Scotland a number of changes which can be considered to be part of competition-2015-the-winners/. Whilst the primary aim of the research was to focus on a wider development of constitutionalism in Latin America, Shadi Whitburn of the University of Glasgow, for her women’s rights and the human rights paradigm more which seeks to address the recognition of those sectors of thesis Is the War on Drugs producing refugees? The impact generally, it came to be shaped by the women included society that have been increasingly marginalized. The rights of drug violence around the US border communities in the research – as well as through informal observations of indigenous peoples were recognised and extended, and interactions with others – to have more of a focus on Jessica Bird of the University of Edinburgh, for her and the health and rights of women were featured in the recently enacted Comprehensive Law to Guarantee thesis The Wall & The Bridge: Scottish Approaches to several clauses. Such inclusion was considered a victory for Women a Life Free from Violence (Law 348). Whilst this law ‘Problem’ Prisoners women’s movements in Bolivia. was enacted in 2013, it was evident that there had been little Gemma Flynn of the University of Edinburgh, for her Two different legal systems exist in Bolivia: state law progress in its implementation. Women now have a route to Winner: Emiline Smith thesis The Political Communication of Crime and customary law. With the Constitution significantly justice, but it is an ambiguous and challenging one. Ashley Varghese of the University of Edinburgh, for extending collective rights of indigenous peoples – her thesis Human Trafficking and Governing Security including the right to autonomy – it is important to consider the various roles of women in this transitional “Working as part of SCCJR for my Cara Jardine of the University of Edinburgh, for her period and beyond. Adopting a strictly rights-based PhD provides exciting networking thesis Constructing Family in the Context of Imprisonment: analysis would ignore daily life, therefore it is important opportunities and inspiration through a study of prisoners and their families in Scotland to contextualise rights and the transition of rights within engagement with other people’s broader cultural frameworks and experiences, taking in to work. This is greatly influenced by the account the interpretive schemes that individuals adopt in supportive environment that is created. order to make sense of the world and situate themselves within it. With an apparent gap between those working on Being part of SCCJR is to be part of a Runner-up: Ali Malik issues of gender and those working on issues of culture, creative, dynamic and influential group.” there are conflicts and contradictions which exist not only Ashley Rogers on paper but in everyday life.

40 41 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Preliminary Findings Exploring the ‘pains of imprisonment’ Implications A study of patterns of sexual offending The disjuncture between law on paper and in practice beyond the prison: an ethnographic study In exploring families’ experiences of visiting, a complex and re-offending impacts women’s experiences and trust not only in the with prisoners’ visitors at a Scottish Prison picture has emerged of not only how they experience state and non-state legal systems but also the State itself. ‘the visit’ but of how the imprisonment affects and shapes Debbie Kyle Women’s relationship to their rights reveals that at different Rebecca Foster, their daily lives. This picture has a range of theoretical and University of Glasgow times different subjectivities are at play. Interactions and University of Glasgow policy implications. Supervisors: Fergus McNeill engagements with the law inside and outside of formal Supervisors: Sarah Armstrong, and Susan McVie These include: legal spaces shows that there are important relationships Michele Burman between such engagements and the influences they can n Families’ experience of prison visiting is highly diverse; have on subjectivity. Law and legal knowledge do not each visit can be experienced differently for an individual necessarily mean that legal texts become meaningful, family member or family; and the overall experience can General patterns of offending and desistance often do not vary between families. In addition to external factors (for practical or useful, but it is the subjectivities that are Overview appear to apply to sexual crimes. It is often hard to reconcile adopted by women, or those forced upon them by example, travel and financial issues), these experiences what appears to be a fundamentally different causal process Often considered the ‘hidden’ or ‘invisible’ victims of are shaped both by the physical environment of the the structures of society, that reveal whether law and imprisonment, prisoners’ families were overlooked for many with conventional criminological and desistance theories. legal transitions are of importance, or are in some spaces encountered when visiting, and the interactions Moreover, sexual offending has often been studied from years. Latterly, there has been growing research and policy that take place within these. The Centre supports cases, irrelevant. An examination of legal consciousness attention given to prisoners’ families in Scotland and in other a psychological rather than socio-structural perspective. through women’s narratives highlights the intricacies families in various ways, but some families require and However, general criminological theories can be applied jurisdictions; this attention is coupled with a commitment to use this support more than others. of the relationship between law and subjectivity, which better understand how the families of prisoners ‘do time’. regardless of the potential causes of sexual offending, since consequently reveals understandings and interpretations n Though the prison is a spatially bounded site, it reaches the emphasis is often on why a person commits this act even of women’s relationships with the broader structural My research adds to this growing body of literature which into the home lives of families in unique and complex though it is a crime, rather than why they are interested in conditions of society through periods of legal transition. recognises that state imposed punishment goes far beyond ways, altering and re-arranging family life. An example committing the act. There is a well-documented connection the legal offender. My research aims to uncover the lived of this is how the prison both impacts and takes away Internalisation of law is a process, and it is one that will between sexual offences and other offences; people who experiences of imprisonment for families, with a particular families’ time; for instance, in the ways in which families impact on and be shaped by subjectivity formation commit sexual offences very often commit other offences focus on families’ experiences of visiting their incarcerated juggle home life to fit in with prison phone calls and not only of the individual member of society, but of and general anti-social behaviour has been found to be a loved one(s). Visits to prison are often the principal form of visits. However, families do attempt to reclaim their society as a whole. In turn, this can affect the law. It is a significant predictor of sexual recidivism. This suggests that contact between prisoners and their families. Increasing agency and resist this institutional power. those who do not have a propensity towards general criminal cyclical process whereby at times particular voices and importance is attached to their role in maintaining family ties subjectivities are more or less important depending on n Imprisonment imposes on families a number of hardships, behaviour are less likely to take the opportunity to commit a (and thus helping to foster desistance upon release), yet the and also exacerbates existing disadvantage experienced sexual offence. This is an important point since this suggests engagement in and with formal legal spaces. Through experiences of prison visiting remain under explored. legal consciousness, the radiating effects of the law are by some families. These effects include: the stigma of the desistance process may be similar for sexual and non- revealed and whilst the implementation of Law 348, for In order to understand imprisonment’s effects on families, imprisonment and the experience (or fear) of receiving sexual offences, and therefore similar techniques can be example, has been poor, there is still an underlying belief I conducted field-work in a prison visitors’ centre (at HMP unwanted attention in light of it; the disruption to employed when working with people who are trying to desist in the moral and ethical nature of the law, and of living Edinburgh). Prison visitors’ centres are designated waiting relationships; and the effects of imprisonment on children. There has been a relatively large amount of research into together respectfully as human beings. Law, therefore, areas in which families wait prior to entering the prison n While my findings have broadly lent support to the patterns of general offending, using these patterns to remains a meaningful but often contradictory presence where their visit takes place. view that imprisonment’s effects are pernicious and inform theory about causal and re-offending/desistance in Bolivian women’s lives. These are also the spaces families return to after their visit, sometimes lasting, what is also clear is that some families processes, however this has been less common in relation to collect their belongings. There is considerable variation do not experience these quite so acutely. There are to sexual offending. Many studies have advocated the life- between prison visitors’ centres in the UK, with differences in various reasons for this; one is that imprisonment has course theory, i.e. that most people stop committing crime roles, budgets, staffing, the physical building and the services become a normal or familiar feature of their lives; this as they get older. Some research has found that the risk of provided. In this case, the Visitors’ Centre (‘the Centre’) is a may be due to the experience of the imprisonment of sexual recidivism decreases with age, however in general purpose built building, and managed by a voluntary sector other family members, the salience of prison in their the evidence is less clear for sexual offences than for other organisation, independent of the Scottish Prison Service. particular community, or both. However, if imprisonment offences. Trajectories of sexual offending appear to be In my research, I aimed to explore the dynamics of visiting is not experienced in this way and is instead experienced dissimilar to general offending, according to the latest for all family members; how the Centre is experienced by as normal, even banal, this is socially traumatic with far- research. It is thought that certain risk or protective factors families, and the Centre’s potential to support families and reaching implications. may be involved, and that these may occur at different mitigate some of the negative effects of imprisonment. Therefore, my research adds to the literature in demonstrating times for those who have committed sexual offences. Methods that imprisonment tends to be experienced as a negative force in the lives of most family members. My research also In order to uncover the experiences of families, I used supports the work of others in emphasising the diversity a variety of qualitative methods. I supplemented nine of prisoners’ families and the diversity of the experience months of ethnographic observation in the Centre with of imprisonment, for families, as well as prisoners. This has in-depth interviews. These interviews were carried out implications for not only how punishment is considered with both adult family members who use the Centre and La Paz, Bolivia theoretically, but also for how families, and prisoners, are members of staff working in it. Children’s experiences were supported during and after the imprisonment. shared with me creatively, through the use of drawing. 42 43 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

The desistance process for those who have committed The judicial perspectives on the sentencing sexual offences may also differ due to society’s of minor drug offenders in Indonesia feelings about their crimes. Cognitive transformation is Emma Smith of the University of considered by many authors to be important in relation Cecep Mustafa Jessica Bird of the University of Stirling, whose PhD was an exploration to the desistance process for all types of offenders. The University of Stirling Edinburgh, who researched Scottish of responses to harm associated with basis of this is to create a new self-narrative in which Supervisors: Gill McIvor approaches to ‘problem’ prisoners. indoor sex work in Scotland. the old offending self is left behind, and a new self is and Margaret Malloch acknowledged as a new identity. Issues of stigma and “The strong, well-established connections “As a PhD student within one of SCCJR’s labelling, as well as social isolation leading to a lack of the SCCJR has to criminal justice agencies partnership universities, I have had an accountability, are potentially exacerbated for those who overall very positive experience. I have have committed sexual offences, and this may make the The purpose of this study is to explore the judicial benefited my own research by making the desistance process more complex. Hence, whilst there is perspectives on the sentencing of minor drug offenders, fieldwork process much smoother than developed my knowledge, skills and no reason to suppose that people who have committed to understand the aims that Indonesian court judges are it might otherwise have been. Studying experience within an established and sexual offences are not capable under the right conditions trying to achieve when sentencing minor drug offenders, within the SCCJR community meant supportive research environment, and of desisting from crime, whether or not they follow the and to understand the factors that judges indicate been able to participate in relevant same course as other offenders is less clear. influence them when sentencing minor drug offenders exposure to a range of research agendas as well as to a diversity of theoretical training opportunities.” This study uses official recorded data on offending in Indonesian courts. In order to understand the judiciary behaviour and advanced statistical techniques to study a perspectives, it is important to explore the judicial and methodological approaches, which large dataset in order to look for patterns of offending and perspectives under social conditions where they operate. expanded my sense of the field.” re-offending. Similarities between groups or ‘typologies’ The methodological design of the research draws upon of offenders will be considered, as well as the risk of qualitative methods in order to undertake micro/meso re-offending for different groups. These patterns will be levels of analysis. It comprises of the following three considered in the context of theories of the causes of phases: a literature review of Indonesia’s judicial system; sexual offending and desistance theory. This information an in-depth case study of two Indonesian district courts; The will then be used to consider how this may help in the and semi-structured interviews with key experts from the prevention of sexual offending and re-offending. Indonesian Supreme court. SCCJR PhD Initial findings “The SCCJR has a dynamic and Judges perceive drug offences as global concern and more supportive PhD community and has serious. Judges feel being constrained by prosecutorial Experience helped me enormously through the indictment, appellate procedure, medical assessment, and the availability treatment facilities. Rehabilitation for minor PhD journey. I have been fortunate to drug offender is seen as being in the interests of judges work alongside academic staff in various and the society. research projects, which has given me valuable experience of research Caitlin Gormley of the University Martin Cathcart Froden of the of Glasgow, who is researching how University of Glasgow, whose PhD is an outside of my own PhD, and I have had people with learning disabilities exploration through creative writing of numerous other opportunities such as make sense of and adapt to prison architecture and its potential to teaching, engaging with criminal justice custodial punishment. be a punitive or rehabilitative force. professionals and also a three month “Being part of the SCCJR community “I really enjoy the scope of the SCCJR. The internship with the Scottish Government.” has opened many doors for me. Taking balancing act of people and institutions, Deborah Kyle part in prisoner reading groups has led of freedom and restraint is something we to teaching opportunities that I never should all be more aware of and matters to thought possible, and the centre’s strong which SCCJR contribute greatly.” reputation has helped with networking at international conferences.”

44 45 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

SCCJR PhD students 2015-16

Name University Supervisors Research Title Name University Supervisors Research Title

Aitken, Adam Glasgow Mackenzie/Burman Security Legacies of Glasgow's 2014 Commonwealth Games Malik, Ali Edinburgh Aitchison/Henry Exploring the landscape of Police Governance and Accountability in Scotland Aitken, Dinah Edinburgh Souhami/McAra An exploration of how young people experience the effects of the Manzano, Liliana Edinburgh Norris/McVie Violent and Property Victimization in Santiago Disadvantaged imprisonment of a family member Neighbourhoods: An Extended Model of Social Disorganization and Cultural-Frame Approaches Anderson, Sarah Glasgow McNeill/Wyke Exploring the relationship between recovery from complex trauma and desistance from offending Mathieson, Lucy Anna Glasgow Caledonian Lombard/Hughes/Tickell Unseen Women – Women Associated with Armed Movements and the Occurrence of Gender-Based Violence Ayala, Cristina Edinburgh Sparks/Cowan Comparison of reintegration and resettlement interventions for female members of Colombian paramilitary groups and women offenders in Matthews, Ben Edinburgh McVie/Norris Criminal Careers and the Crime Drop in Scotland Scotland, including the role of communities in these initiatives McBride, Maureen Glasgow Batchelor/Virdee Towards a better understanding of sectarianism in Scotland Baron, Emily Edinburgh McAra/Crichton Exploring policy making and practice in relation to pharmacological programmes for sex offender management McFeely, Clare Glasgow Paul/Burman Designing and evaluating a community nurse intervention for women experiencing domestic abuse Bird, Jessica Edinburgh Sparks/Bell The Wall & the Bridge: Scottish Approaches to 'Problem' Prisoners McLaughlin, Elaine Glasgow Caledonian Gilchrist/Hand/Wheate Immigrant Women & Domestic Abuse in Scotland: An uncertain legal Brangan, Louise Edinburgh McAra/Sparks A comparative study of penal politics in Scotland and Ireland status and no recourse to public funds Brelsford, Juliette Edinburgh Souhami/Henry The Policing of Domestic Abuse in Scotland Mustafa, Cecep Stirling McIvor/Malloch Would Problem Solving Drug Court help to reduce the use of custodial sentencing in Indonesia? Buchan, Jamie Edinburgh Sparks/Jones Community Justice Restructuring in Scotland Nugent, Briege Edinburgh Sparks/McNeill Roadside assistance : a qualitative longitudinal study of Includem’s Creamer, Catherine Glasgow Caledonian Gilchrist/Bain Obsessive Relational Intrusion as a form of Intimate Partner Violence: transitional support programme The Interaction Effect of Attachment Style, Ruminatory Thinking, Cortisol and Behaviour as Distraction in Emotional Dysregulation O'Donnell, Kathleen Glasgow Caledonian McKerrell The Utility of Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 in Scotland Crowley, Annie Glasgow Batchelor/ Burman/Arens Protection for whom? Responding to ‘at risk’ young women Pereira, Hugo Stirling McIvor/Munro Killing Time: The Criminogenic Aspects of Boredom Davidones, Catherine Stirling Hamilton-Smith/Rummery The Governance of Community Safety in Scotland Primrose, Kirsty Stirling McIvor/Wilson Exploring the experiences of children affected by maternal imprisonment Deacon, Kirsty Glasgow McNeill/Watson Working on the potential of arts and creative interventions for desistance in Scotland Dede, Eleni Glasgow Farmer/Christodoulidis/Mackenzie The systemic effect of criminalisation: on the feasibility of penal state’s Proctor, Katy Glasgow Caledonian Tombs/McMillan Stalking in Scotland: A Feminist Analysis abolition Robertson, Laura Glasgow Burman/McVie The Impact of the Whole System Approach to Dealing with Young People Dietzler, Jessica Glasgow Burman/Armstrong A Critical Inquiry Into Multi-Stakeholder Governance in the Criminal Involved in Offending Antiquities Trade: Contrasting Realities and Policies of Practice Rogers, Ashley Stirling Munro/Punch Legal Consciousness and Subjectivity: An exploration of women's rights Ekberg, Gunilla Glasgow Craig/Burman International human rights, prostitution and trafficking in human beings and violence in La Paz, Bolivia Forbes, Emma Glasgow Burman/Brooks Conducting research on the experience of victims as cases of domestic Schliehe, Anna Glasgow Philo/Parr The nature and experience of spaces of confinement for girls and women abuse are processed through the criminal justice system in Scotland Foster, Rebecca Glasgow Armstrong/ Burman Exploring the ‘pains of imprisonment’ out-with the prison: an Scott Brien, Georgia Glasgow Caledonian McMillian/Tombs Policing rape: a Scottish study ethnographic study of prisoners’ visitors at a Scottish Prison Skott Bengtsson, Sara Edinburgh McVie/Norris The Relationship between Homicide and Serious Violence in Scotland Froden, Martin Cathcart Glasgow McNeill/Strachan/Rodgers An exploration through creative writing of prison architecture and its potential to be a punitive or rehabilitative force Smith, Emiline Glasgow Mackenzie/Fraser Cultural Property in Transit: the Case of Hong Kong Gangneux, Justine Glasgow Batchelor/Armstrong Young people’s experiences and responses of being monitored: Spence, William Glasgow Burman/McNeill An exploration of individual, relational and community risk and protective an exploration of surveillance through visual and participatory factors in vulnerable young people living in deprived communities research methods Taylor, Maureen Glasgow Caledonian McMillan/Robertson Group associated child sexual exploitation: Exploring the connections Gormley, Caitlin Glasgow Burman/Watson/Jolly How those with a learning disability experience the criminal justice system, with particular reference to imprisonment and release Tolland, Heather Stirling McIvor/Malloch/Graham Innovation in responding to female offending: The role of mentors and volunteers in supporting re-integration and desistance Goulding, Amy Glasgow Caledonian Frondigoun/Robertson/McMillan Police Attitudes to Youth and Youth Interventions: A Case Study of Inverclyde Troy, Vic Glasgow Caledonian McPherson/Gilchrist/Emslie The acceptability and feasibility of parenting interventions with female offenders who have a history of substance misuse Graham, William Glasgow Caledonian Robertson/McMillan/Tombs Policing Violent Crime: A Case Study of International Criminal Justice Policy Transfer’ Umle, Umar Glasgow McNeill/Armstrong or Schinkel A phenomenological approach to understand decision-making process : A study on Reintegration Officers from the Singapore Prison Service Gutierrez, Daniela Rodriguez Edinburgh McAra/Souhami A comparative study of institutional frameworks for youth justice in Scotland, England/Wales and Chile (check) Usman, David Glasgow Armstrong/Smith Public perceptions of criminal law and justice in Abuja, Nigeria Horgan, Shane Edinburgh Sparks/Jones Disentangling 'Cyberfears': understanding fear of crime online Velásquez Valenzuela, Glasgow McNeil/Schinkel/Leverick Doing Justice: Sentencing in Scottish Sheriff Courts Javier Eduardo Horton, Karen Glasgow Pearce/Mackenzie/Brodie Himalayan Art and Disappearing Cultures: Artefacts and the Art Market. Market Prices, Collecting, Provenance and Transparency Walters, Hannah Glasgow Batchelor Working-class girls' experiences of further education Igbinomwanhia, Greg Stirling Hamilton-Smith/Rigby Human trafficking and the links to poverty and development Walters-Sleyon, George Edinburgh Sparks/Grumett Race, Poverty, Profit and Prisons in South Nigeria Ward, Caterine Glasgow Caledonian McMillan/McCorkindale The Significance of Wartime Rape Kyle, Debbie Glasgow McNeill/McVie A study of patterns of sexual offending and re-offending Wason, Claire Glasgow Caledonian Frondigoun/McKendrick/ The criminalisation of ‘sectarianism’ at football in Scotland Lambert, Meg Glasgow Mackenzie/Brodie The effect of museum, academic and regulatory actions upon illicit Connolly/Goodall markets in West African cultural objects Weirich, Christine Glasgow Mackenzie/Brodie The Application of Situational Crime Prevention Theory to the Laxton, Tim Glasgow Caledonian Flowers/Forsyth/Mason Stigma of alcohol dependency and its impact on recovery International Market in Illicit Antiquities Williams, Griff Edinburgh Sparks/Jones Tripartite Communication under the Community Payback Order Leonardi, Rebecca Stirling McIvor/Buchanan-Smith, Vick Paws for Progress: Evaluation of a Dog Training Rehabilitation Programme Yule, Nicola Stirling Malloch/Hamilton-Smith The Impact of the Whole System Approach to Dealing with Young People MacKenzie, Anna Glasgow McNeill/Hedge 'Prison education, the development of capabilities and desistance' Involved in Offending 46 47 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

Hamilton-Smith, N., Malloch, M. and Ashe, S. (2015) MacQueen, S. (2016) ‘Domestic abuse, crime surveys SCCJR Publications April 2015 to March 2016 ‘Public Processions and Social Context: Challenges in the and the fallacy of risk: Exploring partner and domestic Search for Community Impact’, Scottish Affairs, 24.3 (2015): abuse using the Scottish Crime and Justice Survey’ in You can access many of our publications Burman, M., Malloch, M. and McIvor, G. (2015) ‘A 308–327 Criminology and Criminal Justice (advance online access) comparison: criminalised women in Scotland Women and DOI: 10.1177/1748895816634410 directly or find information about where Criminal Justice’ in Annison, J., Brayford, J. and Deering, Hamilton-Smith, N., Malloch, M., Ashe, S., Rutherford, to purchase them on our website, J. (eds.) Women and Criminal Justice : From the Corston A., Bradford, B. (2015) ‘Community Impact of Public MacQueen, S. and Bradford, B. (2015) ‘Enhancing public Report to Transforming Rehabilitation. Bristol: Policy Press Processions’, Edinburgh: Scottish Government trust and police legitimacy during road traffic encounters: www.sccjr.ac.uk/publications. results from a randomised controlled trial in Scotland’ in Hucklesby, A., Beyens, K., Boone, M., Dünkel, F., McIvor, Authors who are members of SCCJR Burman, M., Malloch, M. and McIvor, G. (2015) Journal of Experimental Criminology (online first edition) ‘Responding to criminalized women in Scotland’, in J. G., and Graham, H. (2016) ‘Creativity and Effectiveness are highlighted in bold. Annison, J. Brayford and J. Deering (Eds) Women and in the Use of Electronic Monitoring: A Case Study of Five MacQueen, S. and Bradford, B. (2015) ‘Enhancing public European Jurisdictions’ English briefing paper (12 pages), trust and police legitimacy during road traffic encounters: Armstrong, S. (2015) ‘Universities and Prisons the Criminal Justice System: From the Corston Report to Brussels: Criminal Justice Programme of the European Results from a randomised controlled trial in Scotland’ Engagement’. Glasgow: SCCJR Transforming Rehabilitation, London: Policy Press Commission in Journal of Experimental Criminology 11(3) pp419-443 Cavanagh, B., Hamilton-Smith, N. and DOI:10.1007/s11292-015-9240-0 Armstrong. S. (2015) ‘The cell and the corridor: Hucklesby, A., Beyens, K., Boone, M., Dünkel, F., McIvor, Imprisonment as waiting, and waiting as mobile’, Time & Mackenzie, S. (2015), ‘Organised Crime G., and Graham, H. (2016) ‘Creativiteit en effectiviteit in MacQueen, S. and Bradford, B. (2015) ‘Procedural Justice Society (advance publication June 18) in Scotland’, in Croall, H., Mooney, G. and Munro, M. (eds) Crime, Justice and het gebruik van elektronisch toezicht: vergelijking van in Practice: Findings from the Scottish Community Atkinson, C. (2015) ‘The Scottish MI5 station will change Society in Scotland. Routledge vijf Europese jurisdicties’ Dutch briefing paper (12 pages), Engagement Trial (ScotCET)’ in Scottish Justice Matters 3(2) to MI6. And you know what MI6 does!’ Understanding the Brussels: Criminal Justice Programme of the European pp.11-12 hidden politics of intelligence in Scotland’s independence Foster, R. (2016) ‘Doing the wait’: an Commission MacQueen, S. and Bradford, B. (2015) ‘Procedural Justice referendum debate. The Scottish Journal of Criminal exploration into the waiting experiences Hucklesby, A., Beyens, K., Boone, M., Dünkel, F., McIvor, in Practice: Findings from the Scottish Community Justice Studies, vol. 21, pp.5-19 of prisoners’ families, Time & Society (advance publication February 21) G., and Graham, H. (2016) ‘Créativité et efficacité dans Engagement Trial (ScotCET)’ in Scottish Justice Matters 3(2) Atkinson, C. 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Ashgate of Support to Report Pilot Advocacy Service: Summary non-court disposals in Scotland’, Scottish Justice Matters, Report’, Glasgow: Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Hamilton-Smith, N., Anderson, S., Simpson, I., Mackenzie, S. and Yates, D. (2015) ‘Collectors on vol.4 no.1. p.11-12 Research. SCCJR Briefing Paper 1/2015 McArdle, D., McBride, M., Goodall, K., Haynes, R., Jago, illicit collecting: higher loyalties and other techniques McAra, L. and McVie, S. (2015) ‘The Reproduction of N., and Crawford, J. (2015) ‘An evaluation of section 1 of neutralization in the unlawful collecting of rare and Burman, M. and Matheson, K. (2015) ‘The Scottish Poverty’, Scottish Justice Matters, vol.3 no.3. p.4-5 of the Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening precious orchids and antiquities,’ Theoretical Criminology Women’s Rights Centre’, SCOLAG Scottish Legal Action Communications (Scotland) Act 2012’, Scottish Government (online first edition) McAra, L. and McVie, S. 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48 49 SCCJR 2015-16 The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research: Celebrating 10 Years

McAra, L., McVie, S. and Mellon, M. (2015) ‘Poverty Murray, K. (2015) ‘Stop and Search in Scotland: A Post Sparks, R., Bird, J. and Brangan, L. (2016) ‘The Politics of Yates, D. (2015) ‘Value and doubt: the persuasive power of Matters’, Scottish Justice Matters, vol.3 no.3. p.2-3 Reform Overview Scrutiny and Accountability’. Glasgow: Imprisonment’ in Handbook on Prisons. Bennett, J., Crewe, “authenticity” in the antiquities market’, PARSE: Platform for Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research. SCCJR B. and Jewkes, Y., (eds.). Cullompton: Willan Publishing Artistic Work Sweden 2: pp.71–84 McBride, M. (2015) ‘What works to reduce prejudice Research Report 6/2015 and discrimination? A review of the evidence’, Edinburgh: Thain-Gray, R., Jones, R. and Malloch, M. (2016), ‘Gender Yates, D. (2016) ‘Museums, collectors, and value Scottish Government Murray, K. (2015) ‘To legislate or not to legislate? 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(2016), ‘Scottish Crime and Justice Survey Reflected in Changing Patterns of Victimisation in 2014/15: Drug Use’. Edinburgh: Scottish Government S2R Support to Report Scotland?’, Scottish Justice Matters, vol.3 no.3. p.6-7 Robinson, G. and McNeill, F. (eds) (2015) ‘Community Morrison, R. and Sparks, R. (2015), ‘Research knowledge Punishment: European Perspectives’. London: Routledge SCC Scottish Crime Campus and criminal justice policy: The Scottish experience’ in Sapouna, M., Bisset, C., Conlong, A., Matthews, B. (2015) Croall, H., Mooney, G. and Munro, M. (eds) Crime, Justice SCJS Scottish Crime and Justice Survey ‘What Works to Reduce Reoffending: A Summary of the and Society in Scotland. Routledge Evidence’. Edinburgh: Scottish Government SFC Scottish Funding Council Mulholland, C., Eunson, J., Murray, L., Bowen, L. McIvor, Schinkel, M. (2015) ‘Hook for change or shaky peg? G., Malloch, M., Whyte, B., Kirkwood, S., and McNeill, F. Imprisonment, narratives and desistance’, European Journal SG JASD Scottish Government Justice Analytical Services Division (2016), ‘Evaluation of the Reducing Reoffending Change of Probation vol.7, no.1, pp.5-20 Fund’, Edinburgh: Scottish Government SIPR Scottish Institute for Policing Research Skott, S. (2015) ‘Homicide in Scotland: The Need For a Murray, K. (2015) ‘Policing, Prevention and the Rise of Deeper Understanding’, Scottish Justice Matters, vol.3 no.3. SPS Scottish Prison Service Stop and Search in Scotland: A Short History’, Scottish p.36-37. Justice Matters, vol.3, no.2, pp.5-6 UN United Nations 50 51 Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research Ivy Lodge I University of Glasgow I 63 Gibson Street I Glasgow I G12 8LR Tel: 0141 330 3710 I Email: [email protected] I www.sccjr.ac.uk For contact details of SCCJR members see www.sccjr.ac.uk/people