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(Based on / D'après: Veterinary Public Health Notes, Center for Disease

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(Based on / D'après: Veterinary Public Health Notes, Center for Disease m i y Epldem. Rec ; No. 5 - 6 Feb. 1981 — 38 - Relevé ipidim. hebd.: N°5-6 fév. 1981 The age distribution of cases was similar to that of previous years, La distribution des cas selon l’âge était semblable à celle des with the 30-39 age group accounting for the largest number of cases années précédentes, le groupe d'âge 30-39 ans ayant le nombre le (34), followed by the 20-29 age group (28), and the 40-49 age group plus élevé (34), suivi par le groupe d’âge 20-29 ans (28) et par le (27). The age range of patients was 1-82 years. There were groupe d ’âge 40-49 ans (27). L’âge des malades variait de 1 à 82 ans. 73 cases in males and 62 in females. The mean age of male patients Il faut compter 73 cas pour le sexe masculin et 62 pour le sexe fémi­ was 34.0 years and that of females was 36.8 years. nin. La moyenne d’âge dans le sexe masculin était de 34,0 ans et celle du sexe féminin de 36,8 ans. In previous years, the only consistent seasonal pattern has been Pour les années antérieures, la seule régularité dans le profil a peak in December and January often related to common-source saisonnier est l’apparition d'un pic en décembre et janvier, qui corres­ outbreaks associated with homemade pork sausage prepared for the pond souvent à des poussées épidémiques liées à la fabrication holidays. Such a pattern was not apparent in 1979, when the domestique de saucisses de porc pour les vacances. Ce profil n’appa­ monthly incidence peaked in March coincident with a large common- raît pas en 1979, où l’incidence mensuelle atteint en mars un maxi­ source outbreak in Louisiana involving 20 cases. mum, coïncidant avec une importante poussée de cas à origine commune qui, en Louisiane, a touché 20 personnes. Diagnosis of trichinosis was based on a combination of factors: Le diagnostic de la trichinose était fondé sur un ensemble de (1) patient history, symptoms, and signs, (2) clinical pathology, facteurs: 1) anamnèse, symptômes et signes, 2) pathologie clinique, (3) muscle biopsy, and (4) serology. Although trichinosis is usually 3) biopsie musculaire et 4) sérologie. Bien que la trichinose soit géné­ described as a febrile illness with gastrointestinal symptoms, peri­ ralement décrite comme une maladie fébrile avec symptômes gastro- orbital edema, myalgia, petechial hemorrhage, and eosinophilia, intestinaux, œdème périorbital, myalgie, hémorragies pétéchiales, two manifestations, eosinophilia and periorbital edema, usually éosinophilie, deux manifestations — l’éosinophilie et l’œdème cause a physician to think of trichinosis more often than other signs périorbital — sont ceux qui le plus souvent conduisent le médecin and symptoms. Clinical information was reported on 119 of the à penser à la trichinose. Les données cliniques ont été mentionnées 135 patients; eosinophilia was detected in 109 (91.6%). Peri­ dans 119 des 135 cas; l’éosinophilie a été décelée dans 109 cas orbital edema was seen in 77.4% of patients, fever in 88.1 %, and (91,6%). L’œdème périorbital a été observé chez 77,4% des malades, myalgia in 88.6%. la fièvre chez 88,1 % et les myalgies chez 88,6%. In 45 cases for which reports indicated when the incriminated Dans 45 cas pour lesquels les notifications indiquent quand la meat was eaten, the mean incubation period was 14.7 days (range: viande incriminée avait été consommée, la durée moyenne d’incuba­ 1-45 days). tion était de 14,7 jours (variation: 1-45 jours). In 126 cases the incriminated meat product was identified; pork Dans 126 cas où la viande incriminée a été identifiée, les prépara­ products from domestic swine were the source of infection in 93 tions à base de porc d’élevage domestique étaient à l’origine de cases (73.8 %). Of 88 cases where the type of domestic pork product l’infection dans 93 cas (73,8 %). Sur 88 cas pour lesquels le type de was specified, 67 (76.1 %) involved sausage. préparation à base de porc d'élevage domestique était spécifié, il s’agissait de saucisses pour 67 cas (76,1 %). While adequate curing of sausage destroys Trichinella larvae, Si un traitement adéquat des saucisses détruit des larves de making further preparation of the sausage unnecessary, small pro­ Trichinella, rendant superflue toute autre préparation, les petits cessors and householders who prepare their own sausage are not artisans et les familles qui font leurs propres saucisses ne sont pas always aware of established standards for the proper curing and toujours au courant des nonnes établies pour le traitement et la cooking of pork products. Although the US Department of cuisson des produits à base de porc. Le Department o f Agriculture Agriculture (USDA) does not require that pork products be inspect­ (USDA) n’impose pas la recherche des larves de Trichinella dans les ed for Trichinella larvae, its specifications do require that “ready- produits à base de porc, mais sa réglementation spécifie que les to-eat” pork products be heated to an internal temperature of produits «prêts à consommer» soient portés à une température 58.3 C which is sufficient to kill Trichinella larvae. interne de 58,3 °C, qui suffit à tuer les larves de Trichinella. Freezing infected meat is generally believed to kill T. spiralis. On croit généralement que la congélation tue T. spiralis. La régle­ According to USDA regulations, T. spiralis in pork held at —15° C mentation de VUSDA considère que dans une viande de porc main­ for 20 days is rendered nonviable. This appears to be true for tenue à —15 °C pendant 20 jours T. spiralis n’est plus viable. Il strains of T. spiralis recovered from domestic swine. However, semble que ce soit exact pour les souches de T. spiralis trouvées dans there is increasing evidence that T. spiralis found in arctic sylvatic les porcs domestiques. Mais il est de plus en plus évident que les animals is resistant to greater extremes of cold. souches de T. spiralis observées chez les animaux sylvicoles des régions arctiques résistent à des froids extrêmes. (Based on / D ’après: Veterinary Public Health Notes, Center for Disease Control and/et Trichinosis Surveillance Arnaud Summary 1979, August/août 1980.) DIARRHOEAL DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SURVEILLANCE DES MALADIES DIARRHÉIQUES Rotavirus Gastroenteritis Gastro-entérite à rotavirus Canada. — During March and April 1980, an outbreak of Canada. — Au cours des mois de mars et avril 1980, un épisode gastroenteritis occurred among the residents of a senior citizens’ de gastro-entérite a été enregistré au Québec dans un foyer pour per­ home in Quebec. Thirty-one of the 83 residents experienced illness. sonnes âgées. Sur les 83 résidents, 31 ont été atteints. La diarrhée, Diarrhoea, the most common symptom, was observed in 29 patients symptôme le plus fréquent, a été observée chez 29 d’entre eux (93.5%). Other symptoms included nausea (58.0%), vomiting (93,5 %). Les autres symptômes étaient la nausée (58 %), les vomisse­ (48.3%) and abdominal pain (32.2%). Three patients (9.6%) also ments (48,3%) et les douleurs abdominales (32,2%). Trois maladies developed fever. The symptoms lasted from one to seven days and (9,6%) ont également présenté de la fièvre. Les symptômes ont duré those ill ranged in age from 78 to 93 years. de un à sept jours; l’âge des malades variait de 78 à 93 ans. Seven of eight stool specimens analyzed by negative-staining Sur huit spécimens de selles analysées au microscope électronique electron microscopy (EM) showed the presence of rotavirus particles avec coloration négative, sept ne présentaient que des particules de only. No virus was detected by isolation in tissue cultures. rotavirus. Aucun virus n’a été décelé par isolement sur cultures de Bacteriological analysis of the stool specimens did not reveal any tissus. Aucun agent entéropathogène n’a été trouvé au cours de enteric pathogens. l’analyse bactériologique des spécimens de selles. Acute and convalescent sera were obtained from 29 patients. Du sérum a été prélevé chez 29 malades, en phase aiguë puis à la Twenty-two serum pairs showed a seroconversion or a greater than période de convalescence. Utilisant comme antigène un rotavirus four-fold increase in complement fixing antibody titre using a bovine bovin, on a observé sur 22 paires de sérum une séroconversion ou rotavirus antigen. Both sera from one patient revealed elevated une augmentation supérieure à quatre fois du titre d’anticorps titres (1:256) of rotavirus antibody. fixant le complément. Les deux sérums d’un malade contenaient un titre élevé (1:256) d’anticorps antirotavirus. All seven patients in whom rotavirus particles were detected by Les sept malades chez qui des particules de rotavirus avaient été EM also developed a seroconversion. décelées par microscopie électronique ont également présenté une séroconversion. Although rotaviruses have been mainly associated with gastro­ Bien que les rotavirus soient généralement associés à des cas enteritis in infants, epidemics in adults have been documented. The infantiles de gastro-entérite, la littérature signale également quelques present results indicate that rotavirus infections can occur in an épidémies chez les adultes. La poussée que l’on vient de décrire elderly population living in a closed community and stress the im­ montre que les infections à rotavirus peuvent frapper une popula­ portance of looking for this agent in the elderly. tion du troisième âge vivant en communauté, et souligne la nécessité de rechercher cet agent chez les personnes âgées. (Based on / D ’après: Canada Diseases Weekly Report / Rapport hebdomadaire des Maladies au Canada, Health and Welfare / Santé et Bien-Etre social Canada, Vol.
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