KESKIVIIKKOSARJA 13 Herbert Blomstedt, Kapellimestari

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KESKIVIIKKOSARJA 13 Herbert Blomstedt, Kapellimestari 12.4. KESKIVIIKKOSARJA 13 Musiikkitalo klo 19.00 Herbert Blomstedt, kapellimestari Jean Sibelius: Sinfonia nro 4 a-molli op.63 31 min I Tempo molto moderato, quasi adagio II Allegro molto vivace III Il tempo largo IV Allegro VÄLIAIKA 20 min Ludwig van Beethoven: Sinfonia nro 5 c-molli op.67 37 min ”Kohtalosinfonia” I Allegro con brio II Andante con moto III Allegro IV Allegro Väliaika noin klo 19.45. Konsertti päättyy noin klo 20.55. Suora lähetys Yle radio 1:ssä ja verkossa yle.fi/rso. 1 AJATTOMIEN TARINOIDEN ÄÄRELLÄ Muistivälähdys viiden vuoden takaa: poika, ja se taas tuo esiin tämän ruot- Herbert Blomstedt harjoittaa Radion salaisen kapellimestarin rakkauden sinfoniaorkesterin kanssa Joseph Suomea kohtaan. Ensimmäiset viulu- Haydnin sinfoniaa nro 101 (“Kello”). tuntinsa hän nimittäin sai Helsingissä, Kuten kapellimestarit usein, Blomstedt Mechelininkadun varrella. Kesällä 1927 jättää hetkeksi orkesterin soittamaan amerikanruotsalaiseen siirtolaisperhee- itsekseen ja pinkaisee ylös katsomoon seen syntynyt Blomstedt muutti kak- kuuntelemaan, kuinka orkesterin ba- sivuotiaana Helsinkiin. Hänen isänsä lanssi toimii. Korostan sanaa “pinkai- oli Adventtikirkon pastori, ja Helsingin see”, sillä Blomstedt askeltaa ylös adventistiseurakunta tarvitsi ruotsin- portaita ripeästi kuin soramontulla kielistä saarnamiestä. Nelihenkinen treenaava maileri. Hänhän onkin vasta perhe asettui Arkadiankadulle, mis- 84-vuotias. tä Herbert ja Norman-veli kulkivat Toinen muistikuva on viime joulu- kohta kouluun Yrjönkadulle. Välillä kuulta: olin sattunut Pariisin Philhar- asut tiin myös Kauniaisissa, mutta monie’hin konserttiin, jossa Bloms- Herbertin toisen koululuokan lopussa tedt tarjoili varsinaisen illallisen. pastori Blomstedtille tarjoutui paikka “Alkuruokana” oli Beethovenin mo- Göteborgin adventistikirkossa, ja niin numentaalinen Eroica-sinfonia, sitten perhe muutti vanhempien kotimaahan. Straussin sävelruno Kuolema ja kirkas- Viulistin urasta haaveillut Blomstedt tus, Metsän kuiskina -jakso Wagnerin päätyi omien sanojensa mukaan ka- Siegfried-oopperasta sekä tuollaisena pellimestariksi puolivahingossa, sil- kepeänä jälkiruokana vielä saman sävel- lä kun tuli ammattiopintojen aika, täjän Tannhäuser-alkusoitto. Ohjelma hän tuli hakeneeksi useampaan kou- kesti vaivatta kaksi ja puoli tuntia, ja lutusohjelmaan ja hyväksytyksi kaik- Blomstedt johti sen ulkomuistista. kiin. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeinen Konsertin päätteeksi läkähtynyt yleisö modernin musiikin myllerrys kiehtoi jaksoi toki nousta osoittamaan suosi- nuorta Blomstedtia, ja hän matkasi ota seisaaltaan, kun taas Blomstedt Darmstadtin kesäkursseille kuulemaan näytti siltä kuin olisi valmis toistamaan ajan uusimpia kujeita, joita tarjoilivat ohjelman saman tien – minkä hän seu- samanikäiset Karlheinz Stockhausen, raavana iltana tekikin. Mittari näytti Pierre Boulez ja Luigi Nono. Lisäoppia tuossa vaiheessa samaa kuin nyt: 89 löytyi kohta Igor Markevitchilta Pa- vuotta. riisissa sekä Jean Morelilta ja Leonard Näin olemme tottuneet Blomstedtin Bernsteinilta New Yorkissa, mutta ka- näkemään ja kokemaan: iätön ja aja- pellimestarin ura käynnistyi kuiten- ton suurmestari, joka johtaa suuria kin kotimaassa, Norrköpingin kau- klassikkoja. Mutta jokainen vanhaksi punginor kesterin johtajana. Nuori varttunut herra on ollut joskus pikku- kip pari nosti 50-luvulla rajusti orkes- 2 terin tasoa, joten vuonna 1962 kutsu johti vuosituhannen vaihteessa myös kävi Oslon Fil harmonikoiden ylikapel- Pohjois-Saksan radion NDR:n orkeste- limestariksi. Matka jatkui sieltä ensin ria). Mutta onhan toki luontevaa, että Tanskan Ra dion sinfoniaorkesterin joh- kapellimestarit esittävät oman sukupol- toon, ja vuonna 1975 alkoi 10-vuotinen vensa säveltäjiä, ja Blomstedt on niin kausi Dresdenin Staatskapellen taiteelli- ajaton, että hänen oman sukupolvensa sena johtajana. Se merkitsi Blomstedtin suuret säveltäjät ovat jo Tuonen viidas- lopullista nousua kansainväliseen ka- sa. Siksi on hyvä keskittyä toisiin ajat- pellimestariaateliin. Samaan aikaan tomiin, sellaisiin kuten juuri Beethoven hän johti myös Ruotsin radion sinfo- ja Sibelius, jotka ovat tämän konsertin nikkoja, mutta palasi 1985 Amerikkaan, ohjelmassa. kymmeneksi vuodeksi San Franciscon sinfoniaorkesterin johtoon. Viimeisin – ja otaksuttavasti viimeinen – pitkä- Ajattomuus ja traditio aikainen pesti oli taiteellinen johtajuus Leipzigin Gewandhaus-orkesterissa vv. Niin, mikä tekee musiikista ajatonta? 1998–2005. Usein yhdistävä tekijä ajattomalle tai- Mikä sitten on Blomstedtin pitkän ja teelle on, että se on ollut syntyaikanaan poikkeuksellisen toimintakyvyn sävyt- uudenaikaista, usein myös inhottua ja tämän uran salaisuus? Onko se seitse- pilkattua. Oman aikansa kysyntään männen päivän adventismi, jonka op- tehty musiikki todennäköisesti elää pien mukaisesti hän elää? Blomstedt vain oman aikansa (mutta voi silti olla on ollut ikänsä kasvissyöjä eikä ole hyvää musiikkia!). 2000-luvun ihmisen myrkyttänyt itseään tupakalla tai alko- on vaikea ymmärtää, kuinka moder- holilla. Perjantai-iltaisin ja lauantaisin nia, jopa rienaavaa oli omana aikanaan hän viettää sapattia eikä harjoita orkes- Beethovenin musiikki, etenkin 3. sinfo- teria, koska se olisi työntekoa, mutta niasta eteenpäin. 5. ja 6. sinfonia, jotka johtaa tuolloin toki konsertteja, koska kantaesitettiin samassa tarunhohtoi- se ei hänen mielestään ole työtä, vaan sessa (ja pieleen menneessä) konser- uskonnon harjoittamista. Vastaus on, tissa joulukuussa 1808, saivat päälleen että emme voi koskaan tietää. syytteitä kakofoniasta ja niiden muo- Blomstedt tunnetaan toki parhaiten toa moitittiin (viitosen scherzo ja finaa- suurten klassikkosäveltäjien esityksistä li soitetaan keskeytyksettä ja kuutoses- ja levytyksistä, mutta maailmaa kolu- sa on “vääräoppisesti” viisi osaa). tessaan hän ei ole unohtanut pohjois- Tämänkin konsertin yleisössä on niitä, maisia juuriaan, vaan on tuonut esiin jotka kuulevat Beethovenin 5. sinfonian erityisesti niin Sibeliusta, Nielseniä, nyt ensimmäisen kerran, ainakin koko- Griegiä kuin ruotsalaista varhaisro- naisuudessaan – alun “kohtaloteema” mantikko Franz Berwaldiakin. Hänen lienee sentään tuttu kaikille. Totean sil- ohjelmissaan on kuitenkin ollut aina ti vain, että sinfoniassa on neljä osaa, myös uutta musiikkia, etenkin San joista ensimmäinen on tyypillisesti Franciscossa ja radio-orkestereissa (hän “painava”, toinen rauhallisempi, kolmas 3 on rytmikäs scherzo, joka edusti oma- orjallisesti jokainen tahti – muotoilu on na aikanaan uutta, läpisävelletympää luonnollisesti tärkeää – mutta suunta- mallia jossa ei ollut klassismista tut- merkit ovat tärkeitä ja ratkaisevia.” tua menuettia, vaan persoonallisempi Partituurin kunnioittamiseen liittyy trio-taite. Ja scherzosta edetään kes- ajatus, että kaikki tarpeellinen on par- keytyksettä finaaliin. Tämä oli vallan- tituurissa. Onko? “Kaukana siitä. Siinä kumouksellinen muotoratkaisu, jonka on vain sävelkorkeudet, rytmit, soitin- esim. Sibelius toisti 2. sinfoniassaan liki nus ja joitakin esitysohjeita. Kuinka voi- sata vuotta myöhemmin. Beethoven- makas on forte, kuinka hiljainen pia- traditio on niin vahva, että siitä on no, kuinka nopea Allegro, kuinka hidas vaikea sanoa mitään tuoretta. Mutta Adagio, missä kohtaa sävelen paino, miten suhtautuu traditioon Herbert missä fraasin huippukohta ja purkaus, Blomstedt? Voiko tulkintaa uudistaa mikä on soitinten välinen balanssi? tekemättä sille väkivaltaa? Keskustelin Tuhat detaljia, joista riippuu esityksen asiasta Blomstedtin kanssa, ja näin hän elävyys. Ei ole kahta samanlaista esitys- toteaa: tä, ei edes samalla esittäjällä. Jos niin ei “Tietysti kunnioitan traditiota, mutta olisi, jokainen uusi esitys olisi järjetön. rajoitetusti. Jos partituuri antaa erilaisia Jos olisi kaksi ihmistä, jolla olisi samat signaaleja kuin traditio, suosin partituu- näkemykset kaikista elämän aspekteis- ria. Kuten Toscaninilla oli tapana sanoa: ta – toinen heistä olisi ylimääräinen.” “Traditio – pah! Sehän on vain viimei- sin huono esitys.” Beethoven-traditio on ollut meidän leveysasteillamme val- Kotikentän haaste tavan riippuvainen Wagnerin mielipi- teistä ja estetiikasta. Kummallisessa Entäs sitten Sibelius? Neljäs sinfonia Beethoven-kirjassaan hän sanoo esim., on vähemmän soitettu ja huonommin ettei Beethovenin Adagioita voida soit- tunnettu kuin Beethovenin viides, jopa taa tarpeeksi hitaasti. Hän ja hänen Suomessa, mutta Blomstedt kokee sen seuraajansa tarkoittanevat, että sointi miellyttävänä haasteena. “Iloitsen suu- on tärkeämpi kuin tempo, ja vie aikaa resti, että saan [Sibeliuksen neljännessä antaa soinnin kehittyä ja kypsyä – ja sinfoniassa] kohdata orkesterin ja ylei- niin unohdetaan tempon virtaus ja up- sön näiden “kotikentällä”. Se on haaste poudutaan sointeihin, usein upein tu- ja stimulanssi, joka antaa lisää elinvoi- loksin (Nikisch, Furtwängler ja leegio maa.” heidän ihailijoitaan). Mutta jos tämän 4. sinfonia valmistui vuonna 1911 kauneuden hinta on, että Beethovenin aikana, jolloin Sibelius “kärsi” raittiu- tempot lähes puolittuvat, muuttuu desta. Kasvain kurkusta oli poistettu omantunnon kysymykseksi, kumpaa Berliinissä, mutta kuolemanpelko jäyti tässä kunnioitetaan enemmän, tätä 45-vuotiasta säveltäjää, joka oli hylän- ns. traditiota vai säveltäjän ilmaisemaa nyt sikarit ja alkoholin. Viina oli aiem- tahtoa. Eihän Beethoven tarkoittanut, min turruttanut sisäiset äänet, myös että metronomilukujen pitäisi määrätä epämiellyttävät, mutta nyt oli toisin, 4 ja jo jousikvartetossa Voces intimae tä, onko Sibelius ensisijaisesti suoma- (1909) ja lyhyessä orkesterikappaleessa
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