New species of and ()

E.J.H. Corner

Botany School, University of Cambridge, U.K.

Summary

New — Lour. S. Taxa. Streblus sect. Protostreblus, sect. nov., with the single species ascendens sp. nov.

(Solomon Isl.); S. sclerophyllus sp. nou. (sect. Paratrophis, New Caledonia). Ficus F. cristobalensis var. malaitana var. nov. (subgen. Pharmacosycea, Solomon Isl.); hesperia sp. nov. (sect. Solomon servula and Sycidium, Isl.); F. sp. nov. F. lapidaria sp. nov. (sect. Adenosperma, New Guinea); F.

novahibernica and F. cryptosyce (sect. Sycocarpus, New Ireland, New Guinea).

Notes are given on , S. solomonensis, Ficus illiberalis, F. subtrinervia (Solomon Isl.),

F. adenosperma (Rotuma), and F. subcuneata with a key to its allies.

Streblus Lour.

sect. Protostreblus sect. nov.

Folia spiraliter disposita; lamina ovata v. subcordata, costis basalibus ad mediam

laminam elongatis, intercostis transversalibus numerosis. Inflorescentia ut in sect. Paratro-

phis; embryo radicula incumbenti elongata, cotyledonibus foliaceis subincrassatis con-

duplicatis. Cystolitha nulla. — Typus: S. ascendens, Insulis Solomonensibus.

The structural peculiarity of this new section lies in the combinationof the Moras-like

leafwith the reproductive characters of Streblus sect. Paratrophis. The ovate subcordate

lamina with prominent basal veins and numerous transverse intercostals is unknown in Streblus. the rest of The lax spiral arrangement of the leaves is clearly antecedent to the distichous which also the of the prevails in rest . In various Moraceae, such as Ficus,

Artocarpus, , and in the broad sense in which I understand them

(Corner, 1962), the transition from the spiral arrangement to the distichous is manifest

as the twig becomes more horizontal in its growth and develops applanate, in contrast

with Thus this section be of the ascending, foliage. new appears to a remnant ancestry of The the fits Streblus. leaf-shape with acuminate tip, as vestige of a longer lamina,

parallel examples in most sections of Ficus where it is one of the shapes ofleptocauly with

spiral arrangement, e.g. F. sycomorus, F. variegata, F. albipila, F. grossularioides, and F. Similar intercostal in Streblus somewhat profusa. veining occurs elongatus and prominent

basal veins in S. with which S. ascendens have its may occur pendulitius, may nearest relation.

of the Solomon The second peculiarity is the occurrence the one species in Islands.

I have pointed out the relatively primitive nature of Streblus sect. Paratrophis (Corner,

1962, p. 221), the distribution of which is mainly Melanesian, and have shown how several groups of Ficus seemed to have come from the Jurassic Melanesian Foreland If S. is relic of the it (Corner, 1967, p. 40—53). ascendens a ancestry of Streblus, occurs exactly where it would be expected at the centre of distribution of sect. Paratrophis in the domain of S. pendulinus and near that ofthe New Caledonian S. sclerophyllus (p. 399), the embryo of which bridges the difference between those of S. ascendens and S. pendulinus. 394 BLUMEA VOL. XVIII, No. 2, 1970

Streblus ascendens. a. X b. t.s. female female flowers and fruits Figure I. Twig, ½; spike, X 5; c. young

X 7; d. l. s. and t.s. ripe fruit (endocarp and hilar plug hatched), X 10. (BSIP 8624). E. J. H. Corner: New species of Streblus and Ficus (Moraceae) 395

There are, of course, other differences between these two species besides that of leaf-shape; has and flat As male of S. pendulinus short fruiting tepals thick cotyledons. yet no has the S. ascendens been found, and it will be interesting to learn nature of its sapling That it which may have dentate and, even, lobate leaves. becomes a large accords

with its lamina; that it is clearly rare accords with its relict status.

I add a note on the recent classification of Moraceae by Hutchinson (1967). What I

treat as sections of Streblus, definedon the , femaleflower, fruit, and embryo,

Hutchinson distributes as genera among four tribes (Fatoueae, , Strebleae, Dorste-

nieae). This is the previous, artificial and confusing rendering. The affinity of Pseudo-

streblus (Fatoueae) is with Sloetia in all points rather than with , and Sloetia (Dor-

stenieae) is much closer to Pseudotrophis (Moreae) than to . Sterile, Pseudostreblus,

Sloetia, and Pseudotrophis pass with Paratrophis and Taxotrophis as Streblus, whereas

sterile Fatoua, Dorstenia, and are three distinctions. In Hutchinson's scheme Moreae

differ from Strebleae mainly in having more than four female flowers on the inflorescence.

There are several species in which the number of female flowers defies such distinc- Streblus with flowers with tion, e.g. glaber 1—9 (Paratrophis, Moreae), S. pendulinus 2 —9

and even 16 flowers (Pseudomorus, Moreae), S. ilicifolius with 2 —6 flowers, and S. macro-

phyllus with 1—8 (Pseudotrophis, Moreae), and S. zeylanicus with 2 —6 flowers (Taxo-

with flowers is reduction in , Strebleae). The state few a from that with many, as other and and sectional characters but be found so many genera, tribal, generic, must in which is the other ways. Hutchinson continues to use Diplothorax merely very common

Streblus asper, misinterpreted by Gagnepain, and herecognizes Teonongia without mention The of S. asper var. monoica which breaks the chief distinction between these two genera.

in has been characteristic fruit, seed, and embryo of Streblus, my sense, missed. These points place Bleekrodea (Fatoueae) with Sloetia in Streblus, as their vegetative characters

indicate, in sharp distinction from FatouaandDorstenia. One could muchmore easily spread

Ficus over four tribes to the exclusion of Sparratosyce in a fifth (Ficeae of Hutchinson, in Olmedieae of my scheme). But not even Artocarpoideae are satisfactorily defined Hut-

of folded in bud and the chinson's classification; the leaves many are not spirally stipules

by no means always amplexicaul, which are given as prime marks of the subfamily.

I regard modem Streblus in the wide sense as a collection of advanced species of an ancient stock of Moraceae that has disappeared. The new section Protostreblus endorses

of this view. By analogy with Ficus, which has retained so much the previous evolution-

ary states from pachycaul to distichous leptocaul, sect. Protostreblus is the relic of the

spiral arrangement of the leaves inherited from the extinct stock of Streblus. The section

immediateconnection these has no with Fatoua, Morus, or Dorstenia, though may have the the of come from same beginnings as Streblus. Ficus, reduced to present state Streblus,

wouldbe of with distichous represented by a sprinkling species small leaves ofsimilar con- with considerable detail of and Thus vergence, yet a diversity in flowers, seeds, embryo.

comprehensive genera assist the understanding and phyletic classification of which and Sloetia microgenera, such as Pseudostreblus, Pseudomorus, prevent.

S. — ascendens, sp. nou. Figure I.

Arbor ambitu m adbasim fuscibrunneo —23 m alta, trunco 1.2 attingenti, alata; cortice

v. griseo; latice albido copioso; foliis laxe spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli foliaque albidi- Ramuli ochraceibrunnei. puberuli, saepe sparsim. 2—3 mm crassi, glabrescentes Stipulae

— ovato-acuminata —6 mm longae caducae puberulae. Lamina 9 :4 X 5—8 cm, apice

—15 mm longo, basi rotundata v. subcordata, etiam fere subpeltata, integra v. distanter

subdenticulata, subcoriacea, superne scabriuscula, sicca superne grisea subtus brunnea; No. 396 BLUMEA VOL. XVIII, 2, 1970

Streblus Mueller Figure 2. pendulinus. Leaves of various collections, x ½; a. Forbes 797K (Hawaii); b.

St. Stone NGF (Queensland); c. John and Fosberg 15271 (Rapa); d. 5194 (Rota); e. 26170 (Papua). Flowers; f. e.926x 10; Vickery 3507 (N.S.W.), male with bracts, X 7; g. Kajeswki (New Hebrides), inflorescence, flowers X 4, and young fruit X 6. E. J. H. Corner: New species of Streblus and Ficus (Moraceae) 397

lateralibus subtus costis utrinsecus 3—5, elevatis; intercostis 4 —9, subtus leniter elevatis, ad mediam laminam transversis; costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, attingentibus, glandulis basalibus femineae axillares nullis; petiolo 15—22 mm, gracili. Inflorescentiae spicatae

solitariae 2 —6 cm longae, multiflorae, sulco sterili unilateraliter praeditae, puberulae, basim versus maturescentes; pedunculo 7—12 X 1.5 mm, puberulo; bracteis primum

semicircularibus mm dein lateraliter 1—1.3 latis, extensis, puberulis. Flares feminei sessiles;

tepalis 4, 2 mm longis, obovato-rotundis, obtusis puberulis liberis subaequalibus, in

fructu4—4.5 mm longis et interioribus paulo majoribus, fructum longinque includentibus; subnullo. ovario 2 mm longo, stigmatibus duobus 1.5—2 mm longis; stylo Fructus 7 mm

longus, obovoidcus, tandem ultra tepala projiciens, drupaceus, maturitate aurantiacus

(? ruber); endocarpio 4—4.5 X 3 mm, brunneo duro tenui. F.mbryo cotyledonibus convo-

lutis, radicula elongata incumbenti. Cystolitha nulla. Inflorescentia mascula? In silvis

Insulis BSIP locis planis, Solomonensibus, Kolombangara pr. Kokove. Typus: 8624 (L).

S. — pendulinus (Endl.) F. v. M.; Corner (1962) 222. Figure 2. illustrations of this I give some widespread, yet insufficiently known, species. According

to Hutchinson's classification, the 2-flowered spike of NGF 26170 should belong in

Taxotrophis (Strebleae) and that of Kajewski 926 in Pseudomorus (Moreae). Therefore, I reduced Strebleae to Moreae and Pseudomorus to Paratrophis as a section of Streblus; the tribal distinction less than have of is specific. I not seen a mature embryo S. pendulinus.

solomonensis S. — Corner (1962) 224. Figure 3. This the the was collected on several occasions during Royal Society Expedition to

Fruit in Figure 3. Streblus solomonensis. a. l.s. (endocarp hatched); b. pyrene in hilar view; c. l.s. embryo and end-views of embryo, x 4. (RSS 65). 398 BLUMEA VOL. XVIII, No. 2, 1970

M. Figure 4. Streblus sclerophyllus. a. Twig with male spike,J. Veillon 116, x ½; b. female spike and c. fruit with M. Veillon (l.s. endocarp hatched),J. 1296, X 5. E. J. H. Corner: New species of Streblus and Ficus (Moraceae) 399

Solomon Islands. Additional points are these: bark grey, with persistent leaf-scars;

latex white, copious; lamina —20 cm long; male spikes solitary, axillary, with penduncle and fertile bracts male flower-buds 4—8 mm long part 4 —7 cm long; reniform-peltate; the with red the anthers fruits wide 1.5 mm wide, tepals green dots, white; 10—11 mm (living), subglobose, purple-black; embryo with conduplicate and variously folded the hilum without sclerotic the forest alt. cotyledons, plug; frequent in up to 1900 m

S. sclerophyllus, sp. nov. (sect. Paratrophis). — Figure 4.

Frutex v. arbor —6 m alta, inermis, ut videtur dioica; latice flavidula; foliis distichis.

Ramuli petiohque primum puberuli, glabrescentes. Ramuli 2 mm crassi, fuscibrunnei.

— caducae lanceolatae. — X Stipulae 7 mm longae, Lamina 7 11-5 3 —4 cm, anguste

basi elliptica v. subobovata, apice —15 mm longo acuminata, anguste cuneata, subrigida

coriacea, marginc incurvo subdentato, levis, sicca griseiviridis v. brunneola; costis lateralibus

subtus len'ter I—2 vcnulis utrinsecus 7—10, elcvatis, supeme impressis; intercostis laxis, subtus areolis basalibus reticularis supeme impressis, planis, brumieolis; costis utrinsecus

I, brevibus; petiolo 15—22 mm, gracili. Inflorescentiae spicatae simplices axillares solitariae; bracteis ovato-reniformibus peltatis denticulatis; femineae pedunculo —20 X 1.5 mm,

fertili mm floribus masculae parte —12 longa puberula, paucis (c. 5) praeditae; pedunculo sterili feminci —13 mm, parte fertili —7 cm, sulco praeditae. Flores tepalis 4 subglabris, Flores masculi externis 1 mm longis, internis 1.5—1.8 mm; stigmatibus 2 mm longis. in

alabastro staminibus filamentis mm 2 mm lati, tepalis puberulis; 4, —3 longis, incurvatis; subin- pistillodio quadrato puberulo. Fructus io X 8 mm, drupaceus ruber, basim versus radicula crassatus, stigmatibus persistentibus, tepalis paulo amplificatis. Semina elongata

accumbenti, cotyledonibus crassiusculis subaequalibus, plicatis. Cystolitha nulla. In Boulinde alt. silvis montanis Novae Caledoniae, mt. 950—1100 m Typus: J. M. Veillon 1296 (P).

Collections: J. M. Veillon 1296, 26 July 1967, female (type, P); J. M. Veillon 116, 26 April 1964, male.

This is distinguished by the stiffly coriaceous leaf with the veins impressed on the

upperside. The reniform bracts place it in the complex of S. pendulinus with which it

seems closely abied but the cotyledons are conduplicate much as in S. solomonensis. The

material is scant but it seems unlikely that the species develops the larger and closely

denticulate leaf of S. pendulinus.

FICUS Linn.

The species here described have been given the number with which I hisert them into cbeck-bst This themin in the mij (Corner, 1965). places natural abiance and helps prep- aration of the bsts of identifications, sometimes running into hundreds or thousands, had which I have to prepare.

Not much that is new comes now from western Malesia. New Guinea, New Britain, and New Ireland have continual interest and, indeed, the Solomon Islands. Among some since 300 cobections made by the Forest Department, BSIP, the Royal Society Expedition

in I found the of sect. F. this section 1965, new species Sycidium, namely hesperia, being in the the in very well developed Solomons, and interesting new variety subgen. Pharma-

cosycea, namely F. cristobalensis var. malaitana; it may web prove to be a distinct species.

However, it is in the sections Adenosperma and Sycocarpus that novelties continue to I and added die F. appear. When revised recently Adenosperma new species pilulifera and BLUMEA 400 VOL. XVIII, No. 2, 1970

F. suffruticosa, I thought finality had been reached in this closely knit alliance (Corner,

other 1969). More collections from New Guinea oblige me toadd two species, F. lapidaria

the between F. and the well and F. servula, which help to bridge gap suffruticosa now rather isolated and been known F. subcuneata. This species was in ser. Hypogenae I had of The exceeded expecting the discovery allies. three new species, however, have my

subcuneata a tall hopes and brought to light a remarkable new ecological complex. F. is tree. F. suffruticosa is nearest to it in leaf and fig but it is a small . F. lapidaria is a rheophyte comparable with the bushy F. arbuscula in ser. Amphigenae; and F. servula is a the three small tree bearing on the ancestry ofF. lapidaria. Unfortunately, new species are from and these been known single gatherings have split up into duplicates and distributed over the world before it has been possible to study them. Though readily distinguished, as differences lead that be keyed out on p. 405, yet the are such as to one to suppose they may collections. be that bridged by further It is to hoped they maynowbe studied ecologically.

The confirms thatevolution has alliance my general conclusion for Adenosperma, proceeded the domain of the structural and sympatrically in parent species through ecological diversity.

be that most need of Nevertheless, of all the countries of Malesia Celebes seems to in of flora. more thorough investigation its Ficus

BSIP Figure 5. Ficus cristobalensis var. malaitana. Fig. x 2; flowers, x 10. 10568. E. H. New J. Corner: species of Strebhis and Plait (Moraceae) 401

F. cristobalensis Corner 113B. (1967) 78 (subgen Pharmacosycea) b. var. malaitana,

var. nov. Figure 5.

Differt a in omnibus Arbor m alta. typo partibus minoribus, tepalis paucioribus. —7 Ramuli 5 —6 mm crassi. Stipulae —2 cm longae. Lamina 11—23 X 4.5 —7.5 cm; costis

lateralibus —-18 mm — utrinsecus 10—13; intercostis 2—4; petiolo 9 longo. Receptacula 13 bracteis basalibus 14 mm lata; pcdunculo 2 —3 mm longo; 1.5—2.5 mm longis; cellulis scleroticis in pariete nullis. Tepala 3 (vel 4), libera v. plus minus gamophylla. Cystolitha hypogena. In silvis primariis et secundariis, Insulis Solomonensibus, Malaita. Typus: BSIP 10568 (L).

Collections: BSIP Auki m bark dark latex BSIP 10568, area, Esisiki, 300 alt., brown, copious; 1066g,

East Malaita, Nazareth, 30 m alt., bark dark brown, latex sticky. ‘Malifu’ (Kwara'ae).

Figure 6. Ficus illiberalis. X a. BSIP BSIP BSIP Leaves, ½; 8500 (typical); b. 7060 (Vanikoro); c. 7844 (? F. smithii).

401 402 BLUMEA VOL. XVIII, No. 2, 1970 E. J. H. Corner: New species of Streblus and Ficus (Moraceae) 403

This differs in agrees very closely with F. cristobalensis but in being smaller all ways.

At first I thought that the collections represented merely side-branches oflarge , but both are similar and come from small trees. Such small trees of F. cristobalensis would have even larger leaves than normal on their massive fruiting twigs and they would

be infertile. consider the collections to a distinct probably Therefore, I two represent

which to be a with much as entity may prove separate species more leptocaul habit, very

F. in as F. smithii seems stand F. wassa stands to copiosa and, subgen. Pharmacosycea, to to The collections F. edelfeltii. were distributed as F. edelfeltii which lacks the persistent stipules and cordate leaf-base, has copious sclerotic cells in the fig-wall, and is a large tree. Malaita but show that F. cristobalensis has not been found in recent collections it is widely

and the former mixed with distributed in Guadalcanal ( BSIP 2785 10163, F, novae- Field studies malaitana discover and georgiae). are needed on var. to its sapling to ascertain the size which it may reach.

112A. F. illiberalis Corner (1967) 80 (subgen. Pharmacosycea). — Figure 6.

BSIP Santa Cruz March Collections: 7060, Vanikoro Isl., group, 1965, ‘nganingaio’ (Nambalua name),

‘malifu’ (Kwara'ae); BSIP 7844, Sta. Ysabel, north west, Qarangao, Oct. 1966, ‘bubulia’ (Kwara'ae); BSIP

8500, Kolombangara, south east, Vila R., Dec. 1967, 10 m tree, ‘bubulia’ (Kwara'ae).

is These collections have shown me that F. illiberalis, which a large buttressed tree, is

smithii in the is small slender BSIP is F. close to F. which, Solomons, a tree. 8300 typical

illiberalis with coriaceous spathulate leaf. BSIP 70601s the secondcollection fromVanikoro with subcordate it is and this is larger leafwith attenuate base; fertile suggests that a distinct,

BSIP be intermediate between F. illiberalis and F. more easterly variety. 7844 seems to with the acuminate smithii; as a ridge-top tree it agrees F. illiberalis but shortly leaf

of F. have acuminate lamina. suggests F. smithii. Possibly young trees illiberalis a shortly

119b. F. subtrinervia var. doormaniana (Diels) Corner (subgen. Pharmacosycea).

Collection: Sta. north in BSIP 6602, Ysabel, west, Binusa, 8 m tree mangrove forest, figs red, Jan. 1966.

This is a characteristic collection. It has the small basal bracts 2 mm long, but it has

the collection also be this disperse male flowers. I think that previous BSIP 4333 may referred it because ofits basal bracts variety, though I to F. pachystemon larger (3.5 —5 mm and male flowers long) its disperse (Comer, 1967, p. 83). Though I have never been

with the think that the satisfied absolute distinction between these two species, I occur-

of in the Solomons has be In New Guinea F. subtri- rence F. pachystemon yet to proved. nervia has generally only ostiolar male flowers, but there are a few disperse males in some rather and difficult collections. Fruiting specimens of both species are scarce it is to distinguish by leaf alone F. subtrinervia from F. pachystemon.

329A. F. hesperia, sp. nov. (sect. Sycidium). — Figure 7. ambitu ad basim alata Arbor —35 m alta umbrosa, trunci 3.2 m attingenti, v. vix, cortice fuscibrunneo; latice albido; foliis distichis. Ramuli folia et receptacula minute

Ramuli fuscibrunnei. mm scabridipuberuli. 1—1.5 mm crassi, Stipulae 3 —4 longae, lanceolatae, caducae. Lamina 5 —13 x 2—4-5 cm ovato-lanceolata symmetrica ad > basi laticuneata subro- apicem acutum elongatum gradatim attenuata, cuneata, saepe v. tundata, integra subcoriacea duriuscula scabrida, sicca grisciviridis; costis latcralibus

Figure 7. Fitus hesperia. Twig, x ½; female flowers and seeds, x 10. (R. Schodde 4073). No. 404 BLUMEA VOL. XVIII, 2, 1970

utrinsecus subtus leniter intercostis transversis 4—6(—7) ascendentibus, elevatis; 2—5, basalibus haud vix elevatis; costis utrinsecus 1, elongatis v. —\ (—J) laminae, ut videtur

sine glandulis basalibus; pctiolo 5 —15 mm,ad apicem dorsalem subglandulosa. Receptacula maturitate basalibus axillaria solitaria, aurantiaca; pedunculo 4—6 mm; bracteis 3, 1—1.5 lato mm longis, ovatis subacutis; corpore 9—12 mm (12—14 mm, vivo) globoso, sine

bracteis —0.8 bracteis lateralibus, ostiolo parvis occluso; setis internis mm, copiosis,

albidis; cellulis scleroticis in pariete receptaculi feminei copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles v.

pedicellati, pedicello albido plus minus dense setoso; tepalis 5, lanceolatis v. spathulatis,

glabris albidis liberis; ovario albido sessili; stylo simplice glabro. Semina I mm, lenticuli- Flores masculi formia subcarinata, minute punctata. ?. Cystolitha amphigcna. In silvis, Insulis Solomonensibus. Schodde Typus: R. 4073. Bougainville (L).

Habitat: in lowland forest of flat swampy valleys, Solomon Islands.

R. Buin BSIP Collections: Schodde 4073, Bougainville,near (type, L); 7553, 8373, 8899, Kolombangara,

Jan.-Feb. 1968, ‘samotasubi’ (Kwara'ae).

well have mistaken for collectors. This lofty tree may been F. melinocarpa by previous and It differs in the symmetric, harshly scabrid, ovate leafwith long-attenuate apex fewer lateral the the white the veins, in setose flower-pedicels, in tepals, and evidently in more

difficult relate of copious latex. It is exceedingly to these species sect. Sycidium ser. Scabrae.

In the Solomons flora, this keys out next to F. chrysochaete (Corner, 1967, p. 89, 102),

which differs considerably in the shape and venation of the leaf, the hairiness, the longer

peduncle ofthe fig, the lack of sclerotic cells in thefig-wall, and the flowers with glabrous

pedicels but setose tepals and style. Outside the Solomons, it comes near to F. ampelas and F. schumanniana, but it is clearly a larger tree and both of these species have smooth

seeds. F. ampelas has a narrowly elliptic leafwith narrowly cuneate base and basal glands, basal more elongate veins, lax intercostals, basal bracts rarely in a collar, and glabrous

flower has pedicels, but these may be setose in var. soronensis. F. schumanniana a larger, and denticulate but has the acuminate leaf with more lateral veins and intercostals, is

dorsal gland on the petiole. Nevertheless, there is the problem of the large trees which

seem to occur in F. pseudowassa and to these F. hesperia may be related (Comer, 1967,

p. 106).

386. F. adenosperma Miq. collections the Among some older from Rotuma Island, recently sent to me from

Bishop Museum in Honolulu, I found four collections of typical F. adenosperma, namely and H. St. John 19082 (Kilinga, Itutiu District), 19603 (Solnahu Isl.), 19639 (Uea Isl.), from the wooded 19709 (Solkope Isl.). They were trees 7 —10 m high, growing on slopes and ridges. One collection (19082) had seeds with embryos and another (19603)

There the natural had gall-insects. is no doubt, therefore, that these collections represent and and of the whole The most easterly occurrence of F. adenosperma section. discovery

relates Rotuma phytogeographically with the Santa Cruz Islands, the Solomon Islands,

and the New Hebrides, and it emphasizes the separation of Fiji, Tonga, and New Cale-

donia where sect. Adenosperma does not occur. The other collections from Rotuma

and in the represented F. obliqua, F. prolixa, F. scabra, F. tinctoria ssp. tinctoria, as they occur New Hebrides.

389. F. subcuneata Miq. (sect. Adenosperma).

I provide a key to this and its three allies, as described subsequently. E. H. Corner: New and J. species of Streblus Ficus (Moraceae) 405

KEY TO THE COMPLEX OF F. SUBCUNEATA

i. Twigs, petioles, and underside of the leaf strigoso-villous with spreading hairs. Stipules caducous. Figs bracts with peduncles 5—25 mm long; basal caducous.

Tree 6—8 F. 2. —30 m high. Basal bracts mm long subcuneata

F. suffruticosa 2. Shrub 1 m high. Basal bracts —3.5 mm long

ofthe lower side of the lamina Peduncles 1. Appressedly hairy, most glabrous. Stipules persistent. —1.5 mm

long; basal bracts persistent, 1 —3.5 mm long.

wide internal bristles rather Leaf with Small 3. Fig 12 mm (dried); sparse. attenuateapex. tree —10 m

F. servula

3. Fig 25—30 mm wide (dried); internal bristles copious. Leaf acuminate; lateral veins oblique,with fine close intercostals. Rheophytic shrub F. lapidaria

suffruticosa 389A. F. Corner (1969, p. 348).

389.B. F. servula, sp. nou. — Figure 8. Arbor foliis Ramuli media parva —io m alta, spiraliter dispositis. petioli costa (ad

laminae mm hirsuti. paginam inferam) pilis —1.5 longis appressis pallidibrunneis Ramuli crassi. ad 3 mm Stipulae 17—22 mm longae, persistentes, carinam appresse hirsutae.

Lamina sublanceolata 12—24 X 4-8—7-8 cm, elliptica v. subobovata, apice subacuto basi attenuata vix acuminata, subcuneata, subcoriacea integra, superne nitida, levis, sicca

fuscibrunnea; costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9—12 (—13), subtus valde elevatis; intercostis

4—7; costis basalibus utrinsecus 1—3 brevibus, glandulis basalibus 2; petiolo 10—20 mm. Receptacula axillaria Receptacula subsessilia, sparsim appresse hirsuta, glabrescentia; pedunculo 0.5—1.5 bracteis basalibus mm longo; 3, 1—2 mm longis, appresse puberulis, persistentibus;

lato 6—8 corpore 12 mm (sicco), subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, apicalibus gib- bosis; setis internis 1—2 mm longis, stramineis subsparsis; cellulis scleroticis in pariete nullis. Flores feminei sessiles; tepalis 3 ligulato-lanceolatis, ovarium superantibus, liberis; sessili ovario v. stipitato, plus minus rubribrunneo; stylo laterali. Semina ut in F. subcu-

neata. Cystolitha hypogena. Ad jugum montis (in silva?), Nova Guinea, Bulolo, Morobe district. Typus: NGF 39144 (CGE).

This with subcuneata but the hairs leaf agrees generally F. are appressed, the is more

and not the less coriaceous acuminate, veins are prominent and largely glabrous, the the much the much stipules are persistent, figs are smaller, subsessile, and shortly hairy, smaller basal bracts and the internal bristles Thus differs also are persistent, are sparse. it the basal bracts of from F. suffruticosa, which are slightly larger. A slight undercoat of microscopic, more or less straight hairs seems to connect the complex of F. subcuneata with trichocerasa bracts F. trichocerasa, particularly F. var. glabristipula (lateral on fig, shorter tepals as well as acuminate leaf with longer petiole and more crowded lateral veins).

F. — 389C. lapidaria, sp. nov. Figure 8.

Frutex rheophyticus, foliis spiraliter dispositis, habitu ut videtur terminaliformi. Ramuli petioli costae (ad paginam laminae inferam) stipulaeque pilis 1—3 mm longis subfulvis Ramuli fuseibrunnei. appressis v. subpatentibus strigosi. 3—4 mm crassi, Stipulae 14—20

mm lanceolatae — longae, persistentes. Lamina 9—15 X 4 6 cm, anguste obovata, apice basi mucronato 8 —12 mm longo acuminata, subeuneata, integra subcoriacea, sicca pallide fuseibrunnea; costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7 —9, obliquis, subtus valde elevatis; intercostis vix basalibus —12, elevatis, sparsim appresse puberulis; costis utrinsecus 1—3, basalibus majoribus subelongatis, glandulis obscuris; petiolo 8—15 mm. Receptacula BLUMEA VOL. No. 406 XVIII, 2, 1970

8. Ficus F. Figure servula (a) and lapidaria (b). Twigs, x ½; fig, x 2. (NGF 39144 and 39036). New Ficus E. J. H. Corner: species of Streblus and (Moraceae) 407

axillaria, ? solitaria, subsessilia, pilis —x mm longis subundulatis brunneolis villosa,

rubribrunnea (viva); pedunculo —I mm longo; bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5—3.5 mm longis, lato subglabris, persistentibus; corpore 23 —30 mm (sicco), subgloboso, ? glabrescentia,

bracteis lateralibus nullis, apicalibus numerosis subumbonatis; setis internis —2 mm

longis, albidis copiosis; cellulis scleroticis in pariete crassiusculo nullis. Flores feminei rubrum sessiles; tepalis 3, ligulato-spathulatis, rubris, ovarium sessile v. stipitatum superantibus; stylo valde laterali. hypogena. Inter lapides in fluminibus parvis

celeribus, Nova Guinea, Morobe District, Menyama Subdistrict, via Aiewa ad Azeki, NGF 1500m alt. Typus: 39036 (CGE).

This is close to F. servula but the leaf is acuminate, the lateral veins are more oblique

with close, fine intercostals, the fig is much larger, villous, and provided with copious

internal bristles. These are mainly the features of F. subcuneata. As a rheophyte in ser. arbuscula Hypogenae, F. lapidaria makes a remarkable parallel with F in ser. Amphigenae; would be know if Dried resembles it interesting to they grew together. material super-

ficially the riparian F. lepicarpa (sect. Sycocarpus) of western Malesia.

F. subser. — 437A. novahibernica, sp. nov. (sect. Sycocarpus Congestae Corner). Figure

9, 10.

Arbor —8 m alta, cauliflora glabra; foliis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli 4—6 mm crassi,

ccrvino-cinnamomei, nodis glandula praeditis. Stipulae 22—30 mm longae, caducae. basi Lamina i8—30 x 13—20 cm, ovato-cordata, apice —15 mm longo acuminata, cor- data, integra submembranacea levis, sicca brunnea; costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—8(—9),

subtus elevatis, axillis saepe glandularis, marginem versus subdichotomis etiam saepe

basalibus glandularis; intercostis 5 —10, vix elevatis; costis utrinsecus 2(v. 3), brevibus, ut

videtur sine ad ramulos efoliatos glandulis; petiolo 5-—14 cm longo. Receptacula —3 X 1 cm

extensis bracteis sparsim ramosos internodis haud evoluta; pedunculo 7—17 mm longo;

in basalibus 3, 2 —3 mm longis (ut videtur), mox caducis; pedicello 1—2 mm longo (? statu

vivo subnullo); corpore 17—20 mm lato (sicco), turbinato, costis 6—9 longitudinalibus

elevatis bracteis lateralibus —6 paulo subanguloso, nullis, apicalibus 4 mm longis erectis nullis. recurvatis; setis internis —0.4 mm longis, albidis numerosis; cellulis scleroticis Flores basim feminei subsessiles v. breviter pedicellati; perianthio integro ad stipitis ovarii sub-

cupulato; ovario rubribrunneo, plus minus stipitato; stylo setuloso. Semina I mm longa,

compressa carinata, hilo prominenti, subasperata. Cystolitha hypogena; setis internis

papillato-tunicatis. In silva, Nova Hibernia, Namatanai District, Danfu. Typus: NGF 46121 (CGE).

This species seems most nearly related with F. tanypoda Corner of the Solomon Islands.

It differs in being glabrous (except for theinternal bristles), in the absence of lateralbracts,

in the more prominent apical bracts, the shorter basal bracts, and, possibly, the smaller The bracts with figs; perhaps, also, it is not stoloniferous. prominent apical connect it

F. longibracteata of the Solomons, which is also glabrous, and this general form of the

fig-orifice seems to lead to that of subsect. Auriculisperma of the Solomons. On the other

novahibernica the of F. hand, F. may relate westwards with pachycaul ancestry congesta and F. nota. In leaf form it parallels F. cassidyana, F. praestans, F. neobrittanica, F. baccau- and and their reoides, F. tanypoda emphasizes significance as local, relict endemics uniting

their subseries in this subpachycaul habit. The parallel in sect. Neomorphe is F. nodosa

(elongate basal veins, persistent basal bracts). 408 BLUMEA VOL. XVIII, No. 2, 1970

Ficus Figure 9. novahibernica. Twig, x ½. (NGF 46121). E. J. H. Corner: New specks of Streblus and Ficus (Moraceae) 409

441A. F. cryptosyce, sp. nov. (sect. Sycocarpus subser. Congestae Corner). — Figure II. latice foliis Frutex —1£ m altus, sparsim ramosus, exiguo; spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, laminae fusci- petioli receptacula costaeque (ad paginam inferam) pilis —0.5 mm longi

—6 brunneis appressis rigidis hirsutae, mox glabrescentes. Ramuli 4 mm crassi, internodis inferis brevibus 5 —10 mm longis, superis 10—20 mm. Stipulae 20—35 mm longae, late lanccolatae basim binac liberac persistentes, versus apprcsse pilosae. Lamina ÏO—23 X basi 3.5—8.5 cm, anguste obovata, apice —10 mm longo acuminata, anguste subcordata, subcoriacea latera- Integra v. apicem versus subserrulata, levis, sicca fuscibrunnea; costis intercostis costis utrinsecus libus utrinsecus 6—8, obliquis, subtus elevatis; 3 —8; basalibus

—18 crassiusculo. 2, vix elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2; petiolo 5 mm longo, Receptacula axillaria binata dein glomerata, stipulis condita, maturitate aurantibrunnea; pedunculo

bracteis basalibus I—2.5 mm longo; 3, 2 —3 mm longis, ovato-lanceolatis, appresse lato bracteis lateralibus sub- puberulis; corpore 7—9 mm (sicco), nullis, apicalibus 5 setis internis prominentibus, rugis 5 decurrentibus leniter elevatis; nullis; cellulis scleroticis breviter breviter in pariete sparsis. Flores feminei sessiles v. pedicellati; perianthio cupulato sessili v. subinfund buliformi; ovario fuscirubro, v. stipitato; stylo sparsim setuloso. Semina

0.8 mm longa, subcarinata hilo prominenti subtuberculata. Cystolitha hypogena. In silva Lake Tanah alt. secondaria frequens; Nova Guinea, Vogelkop, Ajamaru, Merah, 220 m

Typus: BW 15392 (L).

Figure 10. Ficus novahibernica. a. Figs, x I; b. l.s. orifice of fig, x 5; c. flowers and seeds, x 10.(NGF

46121). BLUMEA 410 VOL. XVIII, No. 2, 1970

Ficus Leaves from the Figure II. cryptosyce. a. upper (1), middle (2; stipules cut away to show the figs), and lower b. (3) part of the plant, X ½; figs, x 2; c. flowers and d. seeds, X 10. (BW 15392). E. and Ficus J. H. Corner: New species of Streblus (Moraceae) 411

is F. be This close to multistipularis of the Philippines and may merely a small form.

There are few collections of F. multistipularis and little is known about it as a living plant.

differin the smaller which build into considerable from F. cryptosyce seems to figs up masses the short axillary concealed by the stipules. This is the habit which I have illustrated for F. theophrastoides (Corner 1967). I have no record of it in F. multistipularis.

the F. with shorter Then leaves of cryptosyce are smaller, narrower, mostly entire, petioles,

shorter hairs (1 —2 mm in F. multistipularis), and both the cupule ofthe female flower and the seed Such be of are shorter. may only regional differences a widespread species.

Though I refer both to subser. Congestae they may be derivatives of subser. Axillares.

LITERATURE

CORNER, E. J. H. 1962. The classification of Moraceae. Gdns' Bull., Singapore 19: 187—252.

in Asia —186. 1965. Check-list of Ficus and Australasia. Gdns' Bull., Singapore 21: 1

1967. Ficus in the Solomon Islands. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 253: 23—159.

1969. Ficus sect. Adenosperma. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. B 256: 319—355.

The HUTCHINSON, J. 1967. genera of flowering plants II. Clarendon Press, Oxford.