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The Systematic Wood Anatomy of the Moraceae (Urticales) V. Genera of the Tribe Moreae Without Urticaceous Stamens *

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The Systematic Wood Anatomy of the Moraceae (Urticales) V. Genera of the Tribe Moreae Without Urticaceous Stamens * IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 7 (3),1986 175 THE SYSTEMATIC WOOD ANATOMY OF THE MORACEAE (URTICALES) V. GENERA OF THE TRIBE MOREAE WITHOUT URTICACEOUS STAMENS * by B.1. H. ter Welle, 1. Koek-Noorman and S. M. C. Topper Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 2, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands Summary The wood anatomy of the Moreae without based upon these characters, however (Berg, urticaceous stamens is described in detail. Ge­ 1983), is not in accordance with the tribes neric descriptions of the following genera are Moreae and Artocarpeae sensu Corner (1962). provided: Antiaropsis, Artocarpus, Bagassa, Ba­ Both Berg's and Corner's subdivisions deviate tocarpus, Clarisia, Parartocarpus, Poulsenia, from older classifications, as given by, for in­ Prainea, Sorocea, Sparattosyce, and Treculia. stance, Bentham and Hooker (1880) and Engler Wood anatomical variation below the genus (1888). level is very limited, except in the genus Clari­ The Moreae characterised by the absence of sia. Intergeneric variation, however, is much urticaceous stamens comprise the genera Antia­ more evident. Most genera can be recognised ropsis (New Guinea), Artocarpus (Southeast by the presence or absence of septate fibres, Asia), Bagassa (Neotropics), Batocarpus (Neo­ and of radial latex tubes, the size of the inter­ tropics), Clarisia (Neotropics), Hullettia (South­ vascular pits, the parenchyma distribution, and east Asia),Parartocarpus (Southeast Asia), Poul­ crystal distribution. The diagnostic and taxon­ senia (Neotropics), Prainea (Malesia), Sorocea omic value of several characters is discussed. (Neotropics), Sparattosyce (New Caledonia), Key words: Moraceae, Moreae, systematic wood and Treculia (Tropical Africa). anatomy. Methods and Materials In troduction The methods employed are those given in This paper is part of a series, in which the the first paper of this series (Koek-Noorman et wood anatomy of the Moraceae is described aI., 1984). All wood samples studied are backed and discussed in relation to the taxonomy of by herbarium vouchers. Taxa of the African the family. The general outline of this study is and Neotropical genera were identified or cited provided in the first paper (Koek-Noorman et by the authors of the various monographs. De­ aI., 1984). In the fourth paper of the series the tails on individual wood samples are provided wood anatomy of those genera of the tribe at the beginning of each generic description. Moreae (sensu Berg) which are characterised by The genus Hullettia is not represented in this urticaceous stamens was described (Ter Welle study because wood samples were not at our et aI., 1986). In this paper the genera without disposal. this type of stamens are dealt with. In addition The data on the specific gravity are based on to the structure of the stamens, the following the samples cited and complemented with data features can be used to characterise this group on other samples of the Utrecht wood collection of genera in Moreae according to Berg (1983): not further included in the anatomical study. inflorescences rather simple to complex; macro­ Quantitative data generally refer to average spermous; diaspores dry or mostly in fleshy values, unless specified otherwise. structures, mostly zoochorous; mostly in rain­ forest habitats; taxonomically and geographi­ cally segregated, pantropical, but chiefly in the Generic descriptions Indo-Malesian region. The tribe Moreae sensu Berg (1983) com­ Antiaropsis Schumann (Figs. I, 2) prises all genera of the tribes Artocarpeae and A genus with one or two species (Corner, Moreae sensu Corner (1962), and also a few 1962). The genus is probably restricted to Irian genera assigned to the tribe Olmedieae by Jaya (Indonesia). Its occurrence in Papua New Corner (1. c.). The subdivision in two groups Guinea is questioned by Corner (1962). The * This project was made possiple by a grant of BION -ZWO (14.45 -0 1). Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 06:03:46AM via free access 176 IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 7 (3), 1986 shrubs or small trees, up to II m high, are found 22031 b (Uw 24421). - A. fretissii Teijsm. & in lowland forests up to 1000 m altitude, usual­ Binn. ex Hassk. Indonesia, Irian Jaya: BW 9871 ly in the undergrowth. (Uw 18112), BW 2133 (Uw 24316), BW 2512 Mat e ri a 1st u die d : A. decipiens Schu­ (Uw 24317), BW 2175 (Uw 24318). -A. hor­ mann. Indonesia, Irian Jaya: CSIRO H 5198 ridus Jarrett. Indonesia, Irian Jaya: BW 11593 (Uw 25533). (Uw 20479). - A. integer (Thunb.) Merr. Indo­ Ge n e r al fe at u re s: Growth rings absent; nesia, Irian Jaya: BW 5659 (Uw 24319); Jamai­ heartwood not available, sapwood light brown. ca (cult.): US Nat. Herb. (Uw 8294); South Texture fine, grain straight. Specific gravity c. Africa (cult.): Baijnath s.n. (Uw 25507). - A. 750 N per cubic metre. kemando Miq. Malaya: FMS 28853, ex FHOw Micro s cop i c fe a t u re s: Vessels diffuse, 4536 (Uw 24608); Indonesia: RTIw IND. Col. solitary (50%) and in short radial multiples of 3590 (Uw 24605), Pfeiffer E 755 (Uw 24324). 2-3; 9 per sq.mm, round to slightly oval, diam­ - A. lakoocha Roxb. Pakistan: ex MADw 24487 eter 108 J.l1l1, vessel member length 525 J.l1l1. (Uw 18033); Thailand: Royal For. Dept. s.n. Perforations simple, end walls almost transverse. (Uw 24656). - A. lanceifolius Roxb. Indonesia: Intervascular pits alternate, polygonal, occasion­ RTIw IND. Col. 2200 (Uw 24606); RTlw IND. ally round, 7 -9 J.l1l1. Vessel-ray and vessel-paren­ Col. 4027 (Uw 24606). - A. nitidus Trecul. chyma pits larger, elongated, half-bordered, the Malaysia, Sabah: Sandakan For. Dept. 25510 borders often reduced. Thin-walled tyloses com­ (Uw 24217). - A. sepicanus Diels. Indonesia, mon, often with vitreous silica. Fibres septate, Irian Jaya: Fokkinga 7822 (Uw 24329). - A. with several septa per fibre, with small simple sericicarpus Jarrett. Malaysia, Sabah: Sandakan pits restricted to the radial walls; walls 3-4 /-Lm, For. Dept. 50586 (Uw 24218). - A. teysmannii lumina 3-7 J.l1l1; length 1600 /-Lm; F/V-ratio 3.0. Miq. Indonesia, Irian Jaya: BW 1204 (Uw Rays uniseriate and multiseriate, heterogeneous 24330). type II/III, 7 per mm. Uniseriate rays 25 %, Ge neral fe a tures: Growth rings absent; composed of upright cells only, but variable in heartwood light brown to dark brown, often height, height up to 12-24 cells (480-800 /-Lm). sharply distinct from the pale yellow to light Multiseriate rays composed of procumbent cells brown sapwood. Texture coarse, grain (weakly) except for the uniseriate margins of 1-5, occa­ interlocked. Specific gravity 280-940 N per sionally up to 20 rows of square and/or upright cubic metre. cells; 3-4 cells wide, up to 960-1400 /-Lm high. M i c r 0 s cop i c f eat u res: Vessels diffuse, Occasionally with some sheath cells. Parenchy­ solitary (45-80%) and in short radial multiples ma scanty paratracheal, and in concentric and irregular clusters of 2-4; 2-6 per sq. mm, bands, 3-6 cells wide and 4-5 per mm. Paren­ round and oval, diameter 160-310 jlm, vessel chyma strands of 4 cells. A few latex tubes ob­ member length 350-630 /-Lm. Perforations sim­ served in the rays. ple, end walls almost transverse. Intervascular pits alternate, round, polygonal and occasion­ Artocarpus J. R. & G. Forster (Figs. 3-6) ally slightly oval, 9-13 /-Lm. Vessel-ray and ves­ The genus has been monographed by Jarrett sel-parenchyma pits larger, half-bordered, the (l959c,d,e; 1960a, b). About 50 species are borders sometimes reduced. Thin-walled tyloses currently recognised. The genus is distributed common, but occasionally absent. Fibres non­ from India to southern China, Malesia and the septate, with small simple pits restricted to the Solomon Islands. Two species, A. altilis and A. radial walls; walls 2-4 /-Lm, lumina 7-25 /-Lm, heterophyllus, are cultivated all over the tropics gelatinous fibres present or absent; length for their fruits. Trees to large trees, up to 45 m, 1170-1950 /-Lm; F/V-ratio 2.3-3.9. Rays uni­ in evergreen forests and areas with a mild mon­ seriate and multiseriate, heterogeneous type soon climate, usually from sea level up to 1000 II/III, 3-6 per mm. Uniseriate rays 3-30%, m altitude. composed of upright, square and sometimes Mat e ria 1st u die d: A. anisophyllus Miq. few procumbent cells, height up to 4-10 cells Malaysia, Sabah: Sandakan For. Dept. 50567 (160-480 /-Lm). Multiseriate rays composed of (Uw 24213). - A. blancoi (Elmer) Merr. Philip­ procumbent cells, except for the uniseriate pines, Quezon: 1.P. Rojo 262 (Uw 24214). - margins of 1-2 (5) rows of square and/or up­ A. communis 1. R. & G. Forster. Indonesia, Irian right cells; 3-5 cells wide, up to 600-1200 /-Lm Jaya: BW 2904 (Uw 24602), BW 4219 (Uw high. Occasionally few sheath cells present. Pa­ 24603). - A. dadah Miq. Indonesia: RTIw IND. renchyma aliform with short to long wings, oc­ Col. T889 (Uw 25521), RTIw IND. Col. 14317 casionally confluent, and sporadically in short (Uw 25522). - A. elasticus Reinw. ex Blume. wavy bands. Parenchyma strands of 3-4 cells. Malaysia, Sabah: Sandakan Herb. Inst. 18656 Vitreous silica common, in the fibres or in the (Uw 24215); Indonesia, Java: Koorders 1026c/ vessels, often enveloping the tyloses. Radial Downloaded from Brill.com10/06/2021 06:03:46AM via free access IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 7 (3), 1986 177 latex tubes present in most samples, axial latex Batocarpus Karsten (Figs. 9 & 10) tubes present or absent (cf. Topper & Koek­ A genus with four species according to the Noonnan, 1980). monograph of Mello Filho & Emmerich (1968). The genus is distributed from Costa Rica to Bagassa Aublet (Figs.
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