On South Georgia: Some Implications of Shell Size, Shell Shape, and Site Isolation in a Singular Sub-Antarctic Land Snail P.J.A
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Classification
STUDENT ACTIVITY Megaherbs – Classification ACTIVITY OVERVIEW In this activity, students use megaherb image cards to group species of megaherbs according to their physical structures (leaf shape, leaf size, flower structure, flower colour). The purpose is to encourage students to look more closely at plant structures and to introduce them to methods of classification. By the end of this activity, students should be able to: • e xplain what general classification is and why it is important • e xperience devising and revising their own classification system • bett er understand why scientists do not always agree and why species may be reclassified as new information comes to light. Introduction/background notes Scientists use classification to identify with large leaves and colourful floral organisms and to show how organisms displays – completely different from their are related to each other. Organisms are mainland counterparts. There are theories grouped by their characteristics. Botanists as to why these plants have evolved in rely on the morphological (form and this way – some suggest that having large structure) characteristics to classify plants. leaves is an adaptive response to the climatic conditions found on the islands DNA analysis is now allowing scientists to – cool, cloudy, and humid. The flowers look for similarity at the molecular level. with their bright colours are adapted to New information either confirms what utilize the weak sunlight and short summer botanists already knew or helps them to season, as well as attracting the pollinators. revise their classification of plants. This activity encourages students to take New Zealand’s Sub-Antarctic Islands a closer look at the physical structures of support a diverse and unique flora. -
Soil Calcium Availability Influences Shell Ecophenotype Formation in the Sub-Antarctic Land Snail, Notodiscus Hookeri
Soil Calcium Availability Influences Shell Ecophenotype Formation in the Sub-Antarctic Land Snail, Notodiscus hookeri Maryvonne Charrier1*, Arul Marie2, Damien Guillaume3, Laurent Bédouet4, Joseph Le Lannic5, Claire Roiland6, Sophie Berland4, Jean-Sébastien Pierre1, Marie Le Floch6, Yves Frenot7, Marc Lebouvier8 1 Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France, 2 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Plateforme de Spectrométrie de Masse et de Protéomique, UMR CNRS 7245, Département Régulation Développement et Diversité Moléculaire, Paris, France, 3 Université de Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), Toulouse, France., 4 Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR CNRS 7208 / IRD 207, Paris, France, 5 Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Service Commun de Microscopie Electronique à Balayage et micro-Analyse, Rennes, France, 6 Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France, 7 Institut Polaire Français Paul Émile Victor, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France, 8 Université de Rennes 1, Université Européenne de Bretagne, UMR CNRS 6553, Station Biologique, Paimpont, France Abstract Ecophenotypes reflect local matches between organisms and their environment, and show plasticity across generations in response to current living conditions. Plastic responses in shell morphology and shell growth have been widely studied in gastropods and are often related to environmental calcium availability, which influences shell biomineralisation. To date, all of these studies have overlooked micro-scale structure of the shell, in addition to how it is related to species responses in the context of environmental pressure. -
Bio 308-Course Guide
COURSE GUIDE BIO 308 BIOGEOGRAPHY Course Team Dr. Kelechi L. Njoku (Course Developer/Writer) Professor A. Adebanjo (Programme Leader)- NOUN Abiodun E. Adams (Course Coordinator)-NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No. 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse II, Abuja e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng Published by National Open University of Nigeria Printed 2013 ISBN: 978-058-434-X All Rights Reserved Printed by: ii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ……………………………………......................... iv What you will Learn from this Course …………………............ iv Course Aims ……………………………………………............ iv Course Objectives …………………………………………....... iv Working through this Course …………………………….......... v Course Materials ………………………………………….......... v Study Units ………………………………………………......... v Textbooks and References ………………………………........... vi Assessment ……………………………………………….......... vi End of Course Examination and Grading..................................... vi Course Marking Scheme................................................................ vii Presentation Schedule.................................................................... vii Tutor-Marked Assignment ……………………………….......... vii Tutors and Tutorials....................................................................... viii iii BIO 308 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION BIO 308: Biogeography is a one-semester, 2 credit- hour course in Biology. It is a 300 level, second semester undergraduate course offered to students admitted in the School of Science and Technology, School of Education who are offering Biology or related programmes. The course guide tells you briefly what the course is all about, what course materials you will be using and how you can work your way through these materials. It gives you some guidance on your Tutor- Marked Assignments. There are Self-Assessment Exercises within the body of a unit and/or at the end of each unit. -
New Zealand Subantarctic Islands Research Strategy
New Zealand Subantarctic Islands Research Strategy SOUTHLAND CONSERVANCY New Zealand Subantarctic Islands Research Strategy Carol West MAY 2005 Cover photo: Recording and conservation treatment of Butterfield Point fingerpost, Enderby Island, Auckland Islands Published by Department of Conservation PO Box 743 Invercargill, New Zealand. CONTENTS Foreword 5 1.0 Introduction 6 1.1 Setting 6 1.2 Legal status 8 1.3 Management 8 2.0 Purpose of this research strategy 11 2.1 Links to other strategies 12 2.2 Monitoring 12 2.3 Bibliographic database 13 3.0 Research evaluation and conditions 14 3.1 Research of benefit to management of the Subantarctic islands 14 3.2 Framework for evaluation of research proposals 15 3.2.1 Research criteria 15 3.2.2 Risk Assessment 15 3.2.3 Additional points to consider 16 3.2.4 Process for proposal evaluation 16 3.3 Obligations of researchers 17 4.0 Research themes 18 4.1 Theme 1 – Natural ecosystems 18 4.1.1 Key research topics 19 4.1.1.1 Ecosystem dynamics 19 4.1.1.2 Population ecology 20 4.1.1.3 Disease 20 4.1.1.4 Systematics 21 4.1.1.5 Biogeography 21 4.1.1.6 Physiology 21 4.1.1.7 Pedology 21 4.2 Theme 2 – Effects of introduced biota 22 4.2.1 Key research topics 22 4.2.1.1 Effects of introduced animals 22 4.2.1.2 Effects of introduced plants 23 4.2.1.3 Exotic biota as agents of disease transmission 23 4.2.1.4 Eradication of introduced biota 23 4.3 Theme 3 – Human impacts and social interaction 23 4.3.1 Key research topics 24 4.3.1.1 History and archaeology 24 4.3.1.2 Human interactions with wildlife 25 4.3.1.3 -
Part 4 Appendices
Part 4 Appendices HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 139 Appendix 1. Proclamation of Heard Island and McDonald Islands Marine Reserve 140 MANAGEMENT PLAN HEARD ISLAND AND MCDONALD ISLANDS MARINE RESERVE 141 142 MANAGEMENT PLAN Appendix 2. Native Fauna of the HIMI Marine Reserve Listed Under the EPBC Act Scientific Name Common Name Birds recorded as breeding Aptenodytes patagonicus king penguin S Catharacta lonnbergi subantarctic skua S Daption capense cape petrel S Diomeda exulans wandering albatross V S M B J A Diomeda melanophrys black–browed albatross S M B A Eudyptes chrysocome southern rockhopper penguin S Eudyptes chrysolophus macaroni penguin S Larus dominicanus kelp gull S Macronectes giganteus southern giant petrel E S M B A Oceanites oceanicus Wilson’s storm petrel S M J Pachyptila crassirostris fulmar prion S Pachyptila desolata Antarctic prion S Pelecanoides georgicus South Georgian diving petrel S Pelecanoides urinatrix common diving petrel S Phalacrocorax atriceps (e) Heard Island cormorant V S Phoebetria palpebrata light mantled sooty albatross S M B A Pygoscelis papua gentoo penguin S Sterna vittata Antarctic tern V S Non–breeding birds Catharacta maccormicki south polar skua S M J Diomedea epomophora southern royal albatross V S M B A Fregetta grallaria white–bellied storm petrel S Fregetta tropica black–bellied storm petrel S Fulmarus glacialoides southern fulmar S Garrodia nereis grey–backed storm petrel S Halobaena caerulea blue petrel V S Macronectes halli northern giant petrel V S M B A Pachyptila belcheri -
The Island Rule and Its Application to Multiple Plant Traits
The island rule and its application to multiple plant traits Annemieke Lona Hedi Hendriks A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand 2019 ii “The larger the island of knowledge, the longer the shoreline of wonder” Ralph W. Sockman. iii iv General Abstract Aim The Island Rule refers to a continuum of body size changes where large mainland species evolve to become smaller and small species evolve to become larger on islands. Previous work focuses almost solely on animals, with virtually no previous tests of its predictions on plants. I tested for (1) reduced floral size diversity on islands, a logical corollary of the island rule and (2) evidence of the Island Rule in plant stature, leaf size and petiole length. Location Small islands surrounding New Zealand; Antipodes, Auckland, Bounty, Campbell, Chatham, Kermadec, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Norfolk, Snares, Stewart and the Three Kings. Methods I compared the morphology of 65 island endemics and their closest ‘mainland’ relative. Species pairs were identified. Differences between archipelagos located at various latitudes were also assessed. Results Floral sizes were reduced on islands relative to the ‘mainland’, consistent with predictions of the Island Rule. Plant stature, leaf size and petiole length conformed to the Island Rule, with smaller plants increasing in size, and larger plants decreasing in size. Main conclusions Results indicate that the conceptual umbrella of the Island Rule can be expanded to plants, accelerating understanding of how plant traits evolve on isolated islands. -
Taxonomy and Population Genetics of the Flightless Moth Genus, Pringleophaga in the Sub-Antarctic
Taxonomy and Population Genetics of the Flightless Moth Genus, Pringleophaga in the Sub-Antarctic by Catharina Wilhelmina Groenewald Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree "Master of Science in Zoology" at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof. Bettine Jansen van Vuuren Co-supervisor: Prof. Steven L. Chown Faculty of Science March 2013 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za II DECLARATION By submitting this thesis/dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. March 2013 ………………………………………. Catharina Wilhelmina Groenewald Copyright © 2013 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za III ABSTRACT Sub-Antarctic Islands are of considerable conservation importance due to their high endemicity and unique ecosystems. Furthermore, the rich geological and glaciological histories of these islands provide a unique platform to study the biodiversity and biogeography of its biota. Sub-Antarctic islands are divided into three biogeographic regions; the South Indian Ocean Province includes the Prince Edward Islands, Îles Kerguelen, Îles Crozet, Heard Island and McDonald Island. One of the taxa that have long fascinated biogeographers and taxonomists alike is the flightless moth, genus Pringleophaga, which is endemic to the Kerguelen, Crozet and Prince Edward Islands. This study addressed three questions relating to the genus Pringleophaga at various spatial and evolutionary scales. -
2017REN1B041.Pdf
ANNÉE 2017 THÈSE / UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 sous le sceau de l’Université Bretagne Loire pour le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE RENNES 1 Mention : Biologie et Sciences de la Santé Ecole doctorale Ecologie, Géosciences, Agronomie ALimentation Alice GADEA Préparée dans l’unité de recherche UMR CNRS 6553 EcoBio - PHENOME Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution - UFR des Sciences de la Vie et de l’Environnement et dans l’unité de recherche UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR - CORINT Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - Faculté de Pharmacie Thèse soutenue à Rennes Lichens et le 11 décembre 2017 devant le jury composé de : Gastéropode du Catherine LEBLANC Directrice de Recherche au CNRS, Station Biologique Subantarctique : de Roscoff / rapporteur Olivier GROVEL Professeur à l’Université de Nantes / rapporteur Ecologie chimique et Martin GRUBE Professeur à l’Université de Graz, Autriche / examinateur relations trophiques Luc MADEC Professeur à l’Université de Rennes 1 / examinateur Anne-Cécile LE LAMER Maître de Conférences à l’Université de Toulouse 3 / Examinatrice Françoise LOHEZIC-LE DEVEHAT Maître de Conférences à l’Université de Rennes 1 / Examinatrice Joël BOUSTIE Professeur à l’Université de Rennes 1 / Co-directeur de thèse Maryvonne CHARRIER Maître de Conférences à l’Université de Rennes 1 / Directrice de thèse Lexique de lichnologie Apothécie : organe produit par le mycobiote permettant la reproduction sexuée du lichen par la production de spores. Céphalodie : Petit organe bien délimité, soit à l’intérieur du thalle, soit émergent en petite excroissance à la surface de celui-ci, contenant les cyanobactéries lorsqu’elles sont présentes en tant que photosymbiote secondaire. Cordon axial : Ensemble d’hyphes très serrés parallèles à l’axe, formant un cordon très résistant dans la partie centrale du thalle (essentiellement chez les usnées). -
Overcoming Deterrent Metabolites by Gaining Essential Nutrients a Lichen
Overcoming deterrent metabolites by gaining essential nutrients A lichen/snail case study Alice Gadea, Maryvonne Charrier, Mathieu Fanuel, Philippe Clerc, Corentin Daugan, Aurélie Sauvager, Hélène Rogniaux, Joël Boustie, Anne-Cécile Le Lamer, Françoise Lohezic-Le Devehat To cite this version: Alice Gadea, Maryvonne Charrier, Mathieu Fanuel, Philippe Clerc, Corentin Daugan, et al.. Overcom- ing deterrent metabolites by gaining essential nutrients A lichen/snail case study. Phytochemistry, Elsevier, 2019, 164, pp.86-93. 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.04.019. hal-02150227 HAL Id: hal-02150227 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02150227 Submitted on 18 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Title page Overcoming deterrent metabolites by gaining essential nutrients: a lichen/snail case study 1 Gadea Alice a,b, Charrier Maryvonne b, Fanuel Mathieu c, Clerc Philippe d, Daugan Corentin a, Sauvager 2 Aurélie a, Rogniaux Hélène c, Boustie Joël a, Le Lamer Anne-Cécile e¥ and Lohézic – Le Devehat Françoise 3 a*¥ 4 5 a Univ Rennes, -
2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment
IUCN World Heritage Outlook: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ Heard and McDonald Islands - 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment Heard and McDonald Islands 2020 Conservation Outlook Assessment SITE INFORMATION Country: Australia Inscribed in: 1997 Criteria: (viii) (ix) Heard Island and McDonald Islands are located in the Southern Ocean, approximately 1,700 km from the Antarctic continent and 4,100 km south-west of Perth. As the only volcanically active subantarctic islands they ‘open a window into the earth’, thus providing the opportunity to observe ongoing geomorphic processes and glacial dynamics. The distinctive conservation value of Heard and McDonald – one of the world’s rare pristine island ecosystems – lies in the complete absence of alien plants and animals, as well as human impact. © UNESCO SUMMARY 2020 Conservation Outlook Finalised on 02 Dec 2020 GOOD The values for which the site was inscribed remain relatively well preserved, largely as a result of its isolation and highly challenging logistic needs to access the islands. The current distribution and abundance of invasive grass Poa annua on the rapidly increasing ice-free areas is of significant concern. The site’s extreme geographical remoteness, however, also limits the ability to undertake regular on-site monitoring management operations and research activities necessary for informed contemporary management and conservation of the values. The current management plan is effectively structured to conserve the sites values, however to address the threats to the site more effectively, contemporary information on the main threats of climate change and non-native species invasion is urgently required. The findings of the most recent marine research voyage undertaken in 2016 provided some valuable new information on the marine environment, but information on the state of terrestrial ecosystems that contribute significantly to the values of the site are now seriously dated, with the last terrestrial research on the island undertaken in 2003/04. -
Revue D'ecologie
Revue d’Ecologie (Terre et Vie), Suppt 12 « Espèces invasives », 2015 : 28-32 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HABITATS COLONIZED BY THE ALIEN GROUND BEETLE MERIZODUS SOLEDADINUS AT THE KERGUELEN ISLANDS 1* 2 3 1 1 D. RENAULT , M. CHEVRIER , M. LAPARIE , P. VERNON & M. LEBOUVIER 1 Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, 263 avenue du Gal Leclerc. F-35042 Rennes, France. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Station Biologique de Paimpont, Université de Rennes 1, UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio. F-35380 Paimpont, France. E- mail: [email protected]; 3 UR0633, Unité de Recherche Zoologie Forestière, INRA, 2163 Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, CS 40001 Ardon, 45075 Orléans, France. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author. Tél: + 33 2 23 23 66 27; Fax: + 33 2 23 23 50 26 RÉSUMÉ.— Caractérisation des habitats colonisés par le coléoptère terrestre allochtone Merizodus soledadinus aux îles Kerguelen.— Dans le présent travail, nous avons conduit une étude de terrain visant à identifier les habitats colonisés par Merizodus soledadinus, un coléoptère terrestre allochtone afin de comprendre sa dynamique spatiale aux îles Kerguelen. Nous avons pratiqué un piégeage régulier dans plusieurs habitats côtiers sur l’île Haute, combiné à des recherches actives et opportunistes de cette espèce dans d’autres sites de cet archipel subantarctique. Au total 1081 sites ont été visités, et nos données ont révélé que les adultes de M. soledadinus se rencontrent très souvent sur la partie supérieure des estrans (372/540 obs., i.e. -
The Vegetation Communities Macquarie Island Vegetation
Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark The Vegetation Communities Macquarie Island vegetation Pleurophyllum hookeri Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark 1 Macquarie Island vegetation Community (Code) Page Coastal slope complex (QCS) 4 Coastal terrace mosaic (QCT) 6 Kelp beds (QKB) 8 Macquarie alpine mosaic (QAM) 10 Mire (QMI) 12 Short tussock grassland/rushland with herbs (QST) 14 Tall tussock grassland with megaherbs (QTT) 16 General description the surface and is part of its identified value as a World Heritage Area. The vegetation mapping of Macquarie Island was prepared by P.M. Selkirk and D.A. Adamson in 1998 All of the vegetation of Macquarie Island is and is based on vegetation structure rather than herbaceous, with no woody species present. community composition. Vegetation categories Megaherbs are a distinctive and unique feature of indicate foliage density and foliage height, similar to the sub-Antarctic, occurring nowhere else in the scheme of Specht (Specht et al. 1995). Using Tasmania. There are two megaherbs on Macquarie Specht’s classes, ‘closed vegetation’ equates to Island – Stilbocarpa polaris (Macquarie Island foliage projective cover >70%; and ‘open vegetation’ cabbage) and Pleurophyllum hookeri. In tall tussock equates to foliage projective cover <70%. ‘Tall grasslands dominated by Poa foliosa, there are often vegetation’ describes vegetation where the foliage swathes of Stilbocarpa polaris. stands higher than 0.4 to 0.5m above the ground, The vegetation communities that make up the while ‘short vegetation’ has foliage <0.4m high. Coastal terrace mosaic are much more widespread Seven structural vegetation types have been than currently mapped. Components of this mosaic identified in the mapping of Macquarie Island (mire, herbland, tall grassland, bryophytes, lakes, vegetation.