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Study of Antibacterial Effect of Novel Thiazole, Imidazole, and Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives Against Listeria Monocytogenes
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Study of Antibacterial Effect of Novel Thiazole, Imidazole, and Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives against Listeria Monocytogenes Behzad Ghasemi,1* Hamid Beyzaei,2 Hadi Hashemi3 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. 3Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. ABSTRACT Purpose: In this study, we have focused on antibacterial effect of newly synthesized thiazole, imidazole, and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives in Iran on listeria monocytogenes. Materials and Methods: For evaluation of antibacterial effect, the disk diffusion method was applied to measure the growth inhibition zone diameter and broth micro dilution was performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results: Assessing the antibacterial effect showed that only thiazole derivative 6d had inhibitory effect on listeria monocytogenes and the other thiazole, imidazole and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives lacked any inhibitory clue on this organism. The inhibitory effect of thiazole derivative 6d was shown by minimum inhibitory concentration = 64 and growth inhibition zone diameter = 23 ± 0.1. In antibiogram test, also the most susceptibility was recorded for gentamicin and penicillin with minimum inhibitory concentration = 1 µg/mL. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of thiazole, imidazole and tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives differs from each other and cross connections such as linkage of oxygen to thiazole ring in derivative 6d, could reinforce this effect. By proving the in vitro antibacterial effect of the novel thiazole derivative on listeria monocytogenes, to more recognize this compound, next step is determining the toxicity and therapeutic effects in laboratory animals. Keywords: listeriosis; drug therapy; treatment outcome; antifungal agents; chemistry; pharmacology. -
Synthesis of New Thiazole and Thiazolyl Derivatives of Medicinal Significant-A Short Review
MOJ Bioorganic & Organic Chemistry Mini Review Open Access Synthesis of new thiazole and thiazolyl derivatives of medicinal significant-a short review Abstract Volume 2 Issue 2 - 2018 In the field of therapeutic science, thiazoles are of extraordinary importance, because of their potent and significant biological activities. Likewise thiazole and their Weiam Hussein,1 Gülhan Turan- derivatives are found in various powerful naturally and biologically active compounds Zitouni2 which possess a broad spectrum of biological activity therefore, synthesis of this 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aden University, compound is of remarkable concern. This review primarily focuses on the updated Yemen research papers reported in literature for the synthesis of thiazole and thiazolyl 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, compounds. Turkey Keywords: thiazoles, thiazolyl, synthetic procedures, biological activity Correspondence: Weiam Hussein, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey, Tel +905074929053, Email [email protected] Received: February 23, 2018| Published: March 12, 2018 Introduction Kaplancikli et al. 11 reported a simple and three steps-reaction procedure for the synthesis of new benzimidazole-thiazole derivatives. The synthesis of heterocyclic rings has been a fascinating field 4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)benzaldehyde was prepared by reacting in therapeutic science. Various heterocyclic compounds containing 1H-benzimidazole and 4-fluorobenzaldehyde under microwave nitrogen and sulfur have flexible frameworks for drugs development irradiation, then, the reaction between 4-(1H-benzimidazol- and design.1 Thiazole is one of the most intensively studied classes of 1-yl)benzaldehyde and hydrazine carbothioamide gave as a aromatic five-membered heterocyclics. It was first defined by Hantzschresult 2-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)benzylidene)hydrazine-1- and Weber in 1887. -
Aldrich Vapor
Aldrich Vapor Library Listing – 6,611 spectra This library is an ideal tool for investigator using FT-IR to analyze gas phase materials. It contains gas phase spectra collected by Aldrich using a GC-IR interface to ensure chromatographically pure samples. The Aldrich FT-IR Vapor Phase Library contains 6,611 gas phase FT-IR spectra collected by Aldrich Chemical Company using a GC interface. The library includes compound name, molecular formula, CAS (Chemical Abstract Service) registry number, Aldrich catalog number, and page number in the Aldrich Library of FT-IR Spectra, Edition 1, Volume 3, Vapor-Phase. Aldrich Vapor Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 6417 ((1- 3495 (1,2-Dibromoethyl)benzene; Styrene Ethoxycyclopropyl)oxy)trimethylsilane dibromide 2081 (+)-3-(Heptafluorobutyryl)camphor 3494 (1-Bromoethyl)benzene; 1-Phenylethyl 2080 (+)-3-(Trifluoroacetyl)camphor bromide 262 (+)-Camphene; 2,2-Dimethyl-3- 6410 (1-Hydroxyallyl)trimethylsilane methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane 6605 (1-Methyl-2,4-cyclopentadien-1- 2828 (+)-Diisopropyl L-tartrate yl)manganese tricarbonyl 947 (+)-Isomenthol; [1S-(1a,2b,5b)]-2- 6250 (1-Propynyl)benzene; 1-Phenylpropyne Isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexano 2079 (1R)-(+)-3-Bromocamphor, endo- 1230 (+)-Limonene oxide, cis + trans; (+)-1,2- 2077 (1R)-(+)-Camphor; (1R)-(+)-1,7,7- Epoxy-4-isopropenyl-1- Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan- 317 (+)-Longifolene; (1S)-8-Methylene- 976 (1R)-(+)-Fenchyl alcohol, endo- 3,3,7-trimethyltricyclo[5.4.0 2074 (1R)-(+)-Nopinone; (1R)-(+)-6,6- 949 (+)-Menthol; [1S-(1a,2b,5a)]-(+)-2- Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2- -
Identification of an Unknown Constituent in Hemp-Derived Extract Using Reversed-Phase Orthogonal Methodology
34 February / March 2018 Identification of an Unknown Constituent in Hemp-Derived Extract Using Reversed-Phase Orthogonal Methodology by Catharine E. Layton*, Shawn C. Helmueller and Andrew J. Aubin Waters Corporation, 34 Maple St. Milford, MA, 01757, USA *Corresponding author: [email protected] The analysis of Cannabis sativa L. extracts can pose significant challenges due to complexities derived from extraction efficiency, cultivar genetic influences, and environmental factors such as weather and growing conditions. With over 400 constituents in the cannabis plant as a whole, potentially synergistic bioactive relationships are actively being investigated. The ‘entourage effect’ is an enhanced effect derived from a combination of two or more bioactive compounds. When referencing this phenomenon in the discussion of cannabis, this term usually is applied to cannabis strains selectively bred for target ratios of the most popular synergistic cannabinoids; such as cannabidiol (CBD) and (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 THC), although more recently, it has been applied to low Δ9 THC cannabis varieties classified as hemp. The goal of this manuscript is to demonstrate an approach for identification of an unknown constituent, present in a significant amount, in hemp-derived extract by employing orthogonal, reversed phase separation techniques on a fast, highly efficient Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) platform. Introduction cannabis varieties classified as hemp [7,8]. for a significant number of infused cannabis products [14]. Factors which influence Cannabis is a complex plant with over Cannabinoids accumulate in the secretory inaccurate results may be attributed 400 chemical entities of which more than cavity of the glandular trichomes, which are to inadequate sampling procedures, 60 are cannabinoid compounds [1]. -
Chapter Four – TRPA1 Channels: Chemical and Temperature Sensitivity
CHAPTER FOUR TRPA1 Channels: Chemical and Temperature Sensitivity Willem J. Laursen1,2, Sviatoslav N. Bagriantsev1,* and Elena O. Gracheva1,2,* 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 2Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Contents 1. Introduction 90 2. Activation and Regulation of TRPA1 by Chemical Compounds 91 2.1 Chemical activation of TRPA1 by covalent modification 91 2.2 Noncovalent activation of TRPA1 97 2.3 Receptor-operated activation of TRPA1 99 3. Temperature Sensitivity of TRPA1 101 3.1 TRPA1 in mammals 101 3.2 TRPA1 in insects and worms 103 3.3 TRPA1 in fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians 103 3.4 TRPA1: Molecular mechanism of temperature sensitivity 104 Acknowledgments 107 References 107 Abstract Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a polymodal excitatory ion channel found in sensory neurons of different organisms, ranging from worms to humans. Since its discovery as an uncharacterized transmembrane protein in human fibroblasts, TRPA1 has become one of the most intensively studied ion channels. Its function has been linked to regulation of heat and cold perception, mechanosensitivity, hearing, inflam- mation, pain, circadian rhythms, chemoreception, and other processes. Some of these proposed functions remain controversial, while others have gathered considerable experimental support. A truly polymodal ion channel, TRPA1 is activated by various stimuli, including electrophilic chemicals, oxygen, temperature, and mechanical force, yet the molecular mechanism of TRPA1 gating remains obscure. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of TRPA1 physiology, pharmacology, and molecular function. -
The Emerging Role of Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Chronic Lung Disease
BACK TO BASICS | TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNELS IN CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE The emerging role of transient receptor potential channels in chronic lung disease Maria G. Belvisi and Mark A. Birrell Affiliation: Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. Correspondence: Maria G. Belvisi, Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. E-mail: [email protected] @ERSpublications Transient receptor potential channels are emerging as novel targets for chronic lung diseases with a high unmet need http://ow.ly/GHeR30b3hIy Cite this article as: Belvisi MG, Birrell MA. The emerging role of transient receptor potential channels in chronic lung disease. Eur Respir J 2017; 50: 1601357 [https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01357-2016]. ABSTRACT Chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are a major and increasing global health burden with a high unmet need. Drug discovery efforts in this area have been largely disappointing and so new therapeutic targets are needed. Transient receptor potential ion channels are emerging as possible therapeutic targets, given their widespread expression in the lung, their role in the modulation of inflammatory and structural changes and in the production of respiratory symptoms, such as bronchospasm and cough, seen in chronic lung disease. Received: Jan 08 2017 | Accepted after revision: April 14 2017 Conflict of interest: Disclosures can be found alongside this article at erj.ersjournals.com Copyright ©ERS 2017 https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01357-2016 Eur Respir J 2017; 50: 1601357 TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL CHANNELS IN CHRONIC LUNG DISEASE | M.G. -
Nerve Agent - Lntellipedia Page 1 Of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of MILLIONS of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com Nerve Agent - lntellipedia Page 1 of9 Doc ID : 6637155 (U) Nerve Agent UNCLASSIFIED From lntellipedia Nerve Agents (also known as nerve gases, though these chemicals are liquid at room temperature) are a class of phosphorus-containing organic chemicals (organophosphates) that disrupt the mechanism by which nerves transfer messages to organs. The disruption is caused by blocking acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that normally relaxes the activity of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. ...--------- --- -·---- - --- -·-- --- --- Contents • 1 Overview • 2 Biological Effects • 2.1 Mechanism of Action • 2.2 Antidotes • 3 Classes • 3.1 G-Series • 3.2 V-Series • 3.3 Novichok Agents • 3.4 Insecticides • 4 History • 4.1 The Discovery ofNerve Agents • 4.2 The Nazi Mass Production ofTabun • 4.3 Nerve Agents in Nazi Germany • 4.4 The Secret Gets Out • 4.5 Since World War II • 4.6 Ocean Disposal of Chemical Weapons • 5 Popular Culture • 6 References and External Links --------------- ----·-- - Overview As chemical weapons, they are classified as weapons of mass destruction by the United Nations according to UN Resolution 687, and their production and stockpiling was outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993; the Chemical Weapons Convention officially took effect on April 291997. Poisoning by a nerve agent leads to contraction of pupils, profuse salivation, convulsions, involuntary urination and defecation, and eventual death by asphyxiation as control is lost over respiratory muscles. -
* * * Chemical Agent * * * Instructor's Manual
If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. · --. -----;-:-.. -----:-~------ '~~~v:~r.·t..~ ._.,.. ~Q" .._L_~ •.• ~,,,,,.'.,J-· .. f.\...('.1..-":I- f1 tn\. ~ L. " .:,"."~ .. ,. • ~ \::'J\.,;;)\ rl~ lL/{PS-'1 J National Institute of Corrections Community Corrections Division * * * CHEMICAL AGENT * * * INSTRUCTOR'S MANUAL J. RICHARD FAULKNER, JR. CORRECTIONAL PROGRAM SPECIALIST NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CORRECTIONS WASIHNGTON, DC 20534 202-307-3106 - ext.138 , ' • 146592 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated In tl]!::; document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this "'"P 'J' ... material has been granted by Public Domain/NrC u.s. Department of Justice to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). • Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system reqllires permission of the f ._kt owner, • . : . , u.s. Deparbnent of Justice • National mstimte of Corrections Wtulringttm, DC 20534 CHEMICAL AGENTS Dangerous conditions that are present in communities have raised the level of awareness of officers. In many jurisdictions, officers have demanded more training in self protection and the authority to carry lethal weapons. This concern is a real one and administrators are having to address issues of officer safety. The problem is not a simple one that can be solved with a new policy. Because this involves safety, in fact the very lives of staff, the matter is extremely serious. Training must be adopted to fit policy and not violate the goals, scope and mission of the agency. -
Laboratory Manual
International Program UAM-Boston University Laboratory Manual Organic Chemistry I 2013-2014 Departamento de Química Orgánica Ernesto Brunet Romero Ana María Martín Castro Ramón Gómez Arrayás Laboratory Manual Table of Contents ............................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 2 Prelab preparation ............................................................................... 2 Notebook ............................................................................. 3 Safety .............................................................................. 3 Laboratory Practices and Safety Rules ............................................................. 4 Accidents and injuries ........................................................................... 5 Fires ............................................................................. 5 Chemical Wastes ............................................................................. 6 Cleaning Responsibilities ............................................................................. 6 Lab cleanliness ............................................................................. 6 Laboratory Equipment ............................................................................. 7 Proper use of glassware ............................................................................. 8 Some techniques in lab experiments Heating, cooling and stirring ............................................................................ -
Thiazole Cores As Organic Fluorophore Units
116 T HIAZOLE CORE S AS ORGANIC FLUOROPHORE UNITS: SYNTHESIS AND FLUORESCENCE DOI: http://dx.medra.org/ 10.17374/targets.2020.23.116 Nataliya P. Belskaya * a,b , Irena Kostova c , Zhijin Fan d a Ural Federal University, Mira str. 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia b Institut e of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Academy of Science , 620219 E katerinburg, Russia c Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University , Dunav s tr. 2, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria d State Key Laboratory of Elemento - Organic Chemistry, College of Chemis try, Nankai University, 30 0 071 Tianjin, PR China , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering ( Tianjin ) , Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin , P . R . China (e - mail: [email protected] ) Abstract. M ethods for the synthesis of thiazole s , which display ph otoph y sical properties, are present ed and analy z ed . T he scope and limitation s of well - known pathways used to construct th is heterocyclic core , and the introduction of funct ional groups, substituents , and linear linkers to tune the fluorescence , are described . R elationships between structure and photoph y sical properties , and applications as photoswitches and in i on recognition, are also discussed . Contents 1. Introduction 2. Synthesis of fluorescent thiazoles 2.1 . M ain approaches to thiazole core construction 2.1.1. Erlenmeyer method for thiazole ring construction 2.1.2. Different methods for thiazole ring construction 2.2 . Modification of the thiazole core 2.2.1. Aryl/heteroarylation of the thiazole ring 2.2.2. Alkylation of hydroxythiazoles 2.2.3. Introduction of substituents containing C=C, С=N, and N=N bonds 2. -
Hemp Chemistry
An Introduction to HempHemp ChemistryChemistry andand LabLab ResultsResults Daniel Jackson and Jason Lessl, Agricultural and Environmental Services Lab Timothy Coolong and Noelle Fuller, Department of Horticulture Background With the passage of the 2018 U.S. Farm Bill, industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) was declassified as a Schedule I drug and is now legal (with restrictions) for production in the U.S. Hemp and marijuana are both Cannabis sativa but are distinguished from each other based on the concentration of the psychoactive compound, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Industrial hemp is defined by law as a cannabis plant with total THC concentrations on a dry weight basis of less than 0.3% (+/- a measurement of uncertainty). Total THC includes the sum of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and its acidic precursor, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinnolic acid (Δ9-THCA) (multiplied by a correction factor). Cannabis plants with THC levels greater than 0.3% (plus a measure of uncertainty) are classified as marijuana, which is currently listed as a Schedule I controlled substance. Industrial hemp is a versatile crop offering many potential uses including production for food, fiber, fuel, or for medicinal properties. This publication will focus primarily on the production of industrial hemp for medicinal products. Currently, much of the industrial hemp being grown in the U.S. is to produce cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid compound with reported antioxidative and anti- inflammatory properties. In addition to CBD, growers and processors have an interest in a broad spectrum of cannabinoids that will be discussed later in this publication. Testing these compounds is critical because growers and processors are ultimately attempting to produce industrial hemp with the highest amount of CBD or other cannabinoids without exceeding the legal limits of total THC. -
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS)
Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) A to Z Index Follow FDA FDA Voice Blog Most Popular Searches Home Food Drugs Medical Devices Radiation-Emitting Products Vaccines, Blood & Biologics Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Tobacco Products Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) FDA Home Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS) - The list below is an alphabetical inventory representing only five of 196 fields in FDA/CFSAN's PAFA database. Definitions of the labels that are found in the inventory are: Label Definition DOCTYPE An indicator of the status of the toxicology information available for the substance in PAFA (administrative and chemical information is available on all substances): A Fully up-to-date toxicology information has been sought. S P E There is reported use of the substance, but it has not yet been assigned for toxicology literature search. A F N There is reported use of the substance, and an initial toxicology literature search is in progress. E W NI Although listed as a added to food, there is no current reported use of the substance, and, therefore, L although toxicology information may be available in PAFA, it is not being updated. N There is no reported use of the substance and there is no toxicology information available in PAFA. U L B The substance was formerly approved as a food additive but is now banned; there may be some toxicology A data available. N DOCNUM PAFA database number of the Food Additive Safety Profile volume containing the printed source information concerning the substance.