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INDEX

Page numbers in italic type refer to photos.

A. Philip Randolph Institute, 49, 147, African Americans, 147–148, 235 266 African National Congress, 235 Abel, I.W., 50, 55, 73, 81 Agee, Philip, 186 abortion, 268–272 Airline Pilots, 113, 125 Abzug, Bella, 60, 76, 137 air traffic controllers, 122–128, 255, affirmative action, 268–269 277–278 AFL-CIO (American Federation of Alexander, Lawrence Sterling, 14 Labor-Congress of Industrial Allen, Richard V., 126, 192 Organizations). See also American Allende, Salvador, 234 Institute for Free Labor Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Development (AIFLD); Committee Workers, 103, 260 on Political Education (COPE); American Center for International Labor individual names of labor leaders, politi- Solidarity, 213 cians, unions American Committee on U.S.-Soviet Ad Hoc Committee on Reproductive Relations, 245 Issues, 270–273 American Federation of Government on communism, 67–71 Employees (AFGE), 103, 212 on contra aid, 208 American Federation of Labor (AFL), on defense, 91–92, 132–134 30–37 Department of Social Security, 39 AFL-CIO merger, 38–39 in Eastern Europe, 232 history of, 30–31 Evolution of Work Committee, American Federation of State, County, 258–261 and Municipal Employees executive council, 56, 102–103, (AFSCME), 73, 75, 299, 302, 307 133–134, 266–268, 295 American Federation of Teachers, 84, financial assistance to Polish Solidarity, 95–96, 101 165–167, 169–170, 186, 188–189 American Institute for Free Labor membership level,COPYRIGHTED 83, 260, 297, 306 Development MATERIAL (AIFLD), 191–192, merger of AFL and CIO, 38–39 209, 234 on oil industry, 91 criticism of, 202–203, 210 opposition to Kirkland within, 292–300 dissolution of, 212–213 perestroika committee, 229 El Salvador murders and, 195–196, on Reagan’s economic plan, 119 199, 208 on SALT II, 91–92 Kissinger Commission and, 198–201, Strategic Approaches Committee, 260 213, 313 Supreme Court and, 272–274 purpose of, 193–194 Sweeney as president of, 302–308 American Labor Alliance, 53 trade legislation results, 300–301 Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), on trade policy, 79–80 50 Africa, 216. See also individual country names Americans for Energy Independence, 67 332 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 333

INDEX 333

Anderson, Mark, 283, 286 Brown, Irving, 162, 174, 183, 215–218, Antall, Joszef, 233–234 225, 226, 228 antiapartheid campaign, 235–236 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 80, 170 antiglobalization movement, 305 Bukovsky, Vladimir, 68–69, 168 April 25 Mobilization, 209, 212 Bush, George H. W., 6, 119, 128, 211, ARENA, 208, 210 252, 253, 276–277 Aronson, Bernard, 145, 211 on abortion, 270 Asner, Ed, 207–208 election campaigns of, 275–276, 276, “Atari Democrats,” 139, 144 278–281 Auchter, Thorne, 120 on labor, 262 Avila, Eduardo, 192 Polish solidarity and, 174 Thomas appointment by, 273–274 Baggett, Joan, 101 Business Roundtable, 87 Bahr, Morton, 210, 257–258, 272, 300, Butler, Landon, 109 302 Bywater, Bill, 288 Baker, Howard, 127 Baker, James A., III, 121, 174, 231 Califano, Joseph, 107 Baker, Jim, 228, 279, 292–294, 296 Canada, 261, 285–288, 297 balanced budget amendment, 134 Cappiello, Steve, 97 Balcerowicz, Leszek, 233 Carey, Ron, 280, 296, 305–306, 309 Barkan, Al Carter, Jimmy, 5, 80–83, 105–108, as director of COPE, 72, 73, 75, 98, 136–137, 157, 166, 176–177, 298 108, 113–114 arms control and, 69 retirement of, 100–101, 142 election campaigns of, 75–78, 108–115, Barkley, Alben, 35–36 137, 144 Barry, John J., 294, 295, 300 foreign policy of, 80 Barzani, Mustafa, 70 labor law reform and, 85–87 Becker, George, 256, 295, 296 Meany and, 77–79, 89 Beirne, Joseph, 50, 55 minimum wage policy of, 79, 80 Bell, Daniel, 105 National Accord and, 108–110 Bensinger, Richard, 232, 260 on situs picketing, 84, 86–87 Berlin Airlift, 60–61 trade policy of, 79–80 Bethune, Ed, 120 on visas, 70–71 Biden, Joseph, 276 Carter, Rosalynn, 107 Bieber, Owen, 296 Casey, William, 119, 174 Bielecki, Czeslaw, 186, 189–190 Catholic Church, 270–271 Biemiller, Andrew, 43, 83–84 CBS Radio, 128 Bilderberg Society, 8 Celinski, Andrzej, 190 black lung program, 120, 121 Central America. See El Salvador; Blanchard, James, 152 Nicaragua Blaylock, Ken, 103, 202–203, 207, 212 Chaikin, Sol “Chick,” 91, 114 Blumenthal, W. Michael, 107 Chamorro, Violetta, 206, 209, 211 Board for International Broadcasting, “Changing Situation of Workers and 226 Their Unions, The” (Evolution of Bork, Robert, 272–274 Work Committee), 259–260 Borusewicz, Bogdan, 186–187 Chavez, Cesar, 53, 168, 290 Boyle, Emmett R., 256 Chavez-Thompson, Linda, 304 Brennan, Peter, 65 Chenoweth, Eric, 182 Bricklayers Union, 101 Chile, 68, 168, 234–235 Bridges, Harry, 71, 262 China, 52, 236–237 Brinkley, David, 227 Chojecki, Miroslaw, 182, 183 Brinkley, Susan, 227 Chretien, Jean, 297 Brock, Bill, 224–225, 242–243 Christ, Hans, 192 Brooks, George, W., 53–54 Christiani, Alfredo, 210 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 334

334 INDEX

Christopher, Warren, 170, 282 Communist Labor Federation (CGT), Chrysler Corporation, 144, 245 184, 216 Church, Frank, 46, 60 Communist Party, 63 Church, Sam, 250 Kirkland on Vietnam War and, 41 CIA, 52, 81, 83, 217, 221 perestroika, 228–233 AFL-CIO and, 169, 170 comparable worth, 269 Polish solidarity and, 174, 186–187 Confederation of Salvadoran Workers Rockefeller Commission and, 59–61 (CST), 194 Citibank, 233 Congress of Industrial Organizations Citizen Action, 306 (CIO), 51 civil rights, 264–269 AFL-CIO merger, 38–39 Civil Rights Act (1964), 42–44, 264, history of, 31–34 273, 274 Conquest, Robert, 231 Kirkland on, 56, 264–265 constituency quotas, 72, 101, 136 Solidarity Day and, 129 Contadora process, 205 Cleary, Ed, 207 Continental Airlines, 253 Clews, Carter, 118 contra aid, 208 Clinton, Bill, 95, 156, 226, 255, 290–291, Contract with America, 289 297, 311–312 Coors, Peter, 252 employment and, 307 Coors Brewing Company, 252 NAFTA and, 279–288 Cranston, Alan, 140 NATO and, 310 Crockett, William K., 28 1992 election of, 275–276, 278–281 Cruikshank, Nelson, 39 PATCO and, 128 Cuomo, Mario, 257, 278 Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 282, 288, 290 Czechoslovakia, 62–63, 215 Coalition for a Democratic Majority, 75, 142 Danbury hatters’ case, 125 Coalition of Labor Union Women, 103, D’Aubuisson, Roberto, 196, 199–200 270 Davis, John, 180 Coia, Arthur, 296 Davis-Bacon Act, 112 Colby, William, 59 Dean, Howard, 307 Cold War, 4, 50. See also communism Debs, Eugene V., 251 collective bargaining, 6, 241, 278 “Defense Democrats,” 133 Commission on Critical Choices for DeGaulle, Charles, 225–226 America. See Rockefeller deindustrialization, 6 Commission Delaney, Joseph, 41, 42 Committee for the Present Danger, 245 Dellums, Ron, 137 Committee on Political Education democracy movement, 215 (COPE), 49, 72, 75, 112–114, democracy promotion, 195, 214–222, 314 142–143, 145 Democratic Party, 6, 134, 151–152. See leadership of, 100–101 also individual names of politicians, scorecard on Congress, 140, 144, operatives 242–243 Democratic Leadership Council, 276, Commonor, Barry, 113 279 Communications Satellite Corporation, Democratic National Committee, 101, 89 306 Communications Workers of America Kirkland as speechwriter for, 35–36 (CWA), 50, 73, 75, 89, 257–258, 262 liberal constituencies of, 100–101 Communications Workers of America v. National Institute for International Beck, 277 Affairs, 223 communism, 2–3, 67–71. See also “process liberals,” 84 Solidarity; individual names of com- deregulation, 124, 131, 253 munist organizations and leaders Devine, Donald, 126 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 335

INDEX 335

Dignity (Polish underground press), 186 Fahrenkopf, Frank, 224 diversity Fair Employment Practices Commission, on AFL-CIO executive council, 56, 265 102–103, 266–268 Farabundo Marti Liberation Front civil rights and, 264–269 (FMLN), 194 constituency quotas, 72, 101, 136 Fascell, Dante, 224 Kirkland on, 101 Ferraro, Geraldine, 150–151 on presidential ticket, 150–151 Fishman, Sam, 152, 154 racial, 107 Fitzsimmons, Frank, 53, 122, 244, 246 Sweeney and, 306 Flying University, 164 Doherty, William C., Jr., 192, 206 Foley, Thomas, 288, 289 Dole, Elizabeth, 252, 253, 276 foreign policy, 7–8, 51–54, 57–59, 314. Dominczyk, Miroslaw “Coleslaw,” See also individual names of countries 183–184 under Carter administration, 80 Donahue, Thomas R., 56, 79, 95, 99, democracy promotion and, 214–218 158, 258–260 international labor movement, AFL-CIO presidency election and, 170–171 302–304 PATCO strike and, 122, 126 Coors and, 252 Foreign Relations Committee, 46 Kirkland retirement and, 296, 298, 300 Fortune, Ronald, 204 on NAFTA, 286, 289–290 France, 183, 184, 216, 297 Teamsters and, 246 Fraser, Douglas, 112–113, 122, 125–126, views on Kirkland, 257, 312 158, 167, 202, 244–245 Donovan, Raymond J., 117–119, 240, free trade area of the North Atlantic, 297 242 Free Trade Union Institute, 186, 189, Dorfman, Red, 37–38 223, 226 Dority, Douglas, 297, 300 Dotson, Donald R., 240–242 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 50 Duarte, Jose Napoleon, 204, 205, 208, Garment, Leonard, 256 210 garment industry, 34, 57, 101, 118 Dubinsky, David, 34, 50, 56–57, 217 Gates, Robert M., 187 Dubrow, Evelyn, 101, 311 gay rights, 129, 151, 266, 268 Dukakis, Michael, 276 Gdansk accords, 179 Dunlop, John T., 77, 78, 109, 110, 117 General System of Preferences, 181, 234 Georgetown University, 30, 311 Eagleburger, Lawrence, 177, 178 Georgia, 76 Easterling, Barbara, 304 Georgine, Bob, 93, 246, 248, 300, 302, Eastern Airlines, 252–253, 255, 295 312 Eastern Europe, 167. See also Solidarity Gephardt, Dick, 307 Kirkland criticized for devotion to, 296 Geremek, Bronislaw, 180, 183, 188, 263 Ehrlichman, John, 74 Gershman, Carl, 165, 225, 227, 313 Eisenhower, Dwight, 116–117, 139 Gersten, Chris, 145 Ellison, Gordon, 195–196 Gierek, Edward, 164 El Salvador, 202–204, 205, 212 Gingrich, Newt, 287, 289, 292 AIFLD murder investigation, 192–196, glasnost, 229, 230 199, 208 Gleason, Teddy, 166 Kissinger Commission on, 196, Glenn, John, 140, 142 198–201, 213, 313 globalism, 5, 111 land reform effort in, 191, 194–195 globalization, of jobs, 236–237, 263, 305 equal employment, 43, 78 Goldfinger, Nat, 44 Estonia, 231 Goldwater, Barry, 44, 152 European Union, 297 Gomez, Leonel, 192 Evolution of Work Committee, 258–261 Gompers, Samuel, 31, 82 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 336

336 INDEX

Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 164 International Brotherhood of Electrical Gorbachev, Mikhail, 228–229 Workers, 294 Gore, Albert, 156, 288 International Confederation of Free Gould, William IV, 287 Trade Unions (ICFTU), 52–53, 167, Grace, J. Peter, 194 173, 217–219, 235–236 Green, William, 30–31, 34, 38, 244, 311 International Labor Organization (ILO), Greenspan, Alan, 59, 198 181, 218, 234 Grenada, 179 International Ladies’ Garment Workers Grogan, John, 97–98 Union (ILGWU), 34, 57, 101 Guthrie, Alvin, 197, 203, 211 International Longshoremen’s and Guyette, James, 254 Warehousemen’s Union (ILWU), 71, 262 Haig, Alexander, 74–75, 176 International Longshoremen’s Hall, Paul, 55, 56, 78, 98 Association (ILA), 166–167, 198, Hammer, Frank, 203–204 247, 262 Hammer, Michael, 191–196, 199, International Metalworkers Federation, 203–204, 208 167 Hammer, Michael, Jr., 203–204 International Republican Institute, 223 Hanley, Ed, 248 International Rescue Committee, Hanley, Frank, 296, 303 220–221 Hardesty, Rex, 44, 105, 127, 128, 299 International Transport Workers’ Harkin, Tom, 278, 279 Federation, 167 Hart, Gary, 140, 144, 146–149, 220, 275 International Typographers’ Union Hatch, Orrin, 114, 117, 224 (ITU), 34, 258 Healey, Denis, 173, 220 International Union of Electrical health care, 281, 288 Workers, 258, 288 Height, Dorothy, 290 International Union of Operating Helms, Jesse, 208 Engineers (IUOE), 39, 41–42, 282, Herman, Alexis, 156 303 Higgins, Msgr. George, 128, 172, 271 Internet, 299 Hill, Anita, 273 Iraq, 308 Hill, Norman, 266 Ireland, Patricia, 270 Hines, Lew, 35 Israel, 63–66, 219, 227–228, 312, 313 Hispanics, 150 Italy, 184 Histadrut, 65, 84 Hoboken, 97–98 Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 65, 66, 71, 73, Hoffa, James P. (son), 306 75–76 Hoffa, Jimmy, 33, 53, 74, 244 Jackson, Jesse, 106, 107, 142, 147–148, Holocaust, 61–64 150, 267–268 Hooks, Ben, 267 James, E. Pendleton, 120 Hormel, 253–255 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 164, 172–173, 175, Horowitz, Rachelle, 84, 95–96, 101 177–179, 187, 220 Hotel and Restaurant Workers, 247, 248 Jessup, David, 143, 205–206 Humphrey, Hubert, 47–50, 71–73, 137, Jewish Labor Committee, 228 142 Jews, 57, 65, 71, 227–228 Hungary, 233–234 Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 42, 44–47, 132, Hutchinson, Barbara, 103 161, 221 Jordan, Barbara, 290 identity politics, 136, 143 Jordan, Hamilton, 99, 112 Ikle, Fred, 176 Jordan, Vernon, 267, 282 Inside the Company (Agee), 186 Joyce, Jack, 93, 94, 103–104, 133–134, Institute for Religion and Democracy 209–210, 294, 300 (IRD), 206 J. P. Stevens, 253–254 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 337

INDEX 337

Juppe, Alain, 297 marriages of, 28–29, 62, 64–65 media and, 104–105 Kahn, Alfred, 110 on religion, 40 Kahn, Tom, 73, 134, 176, 182, 186, 206 retirement of, 10, 212, 291, 293, 296, Kantor, Mickey, 282, 290 299–303, 308, 309–313 Karatnycky, Adrian, 99, 182, 186, 228, smoking habit of, 17, 64, 310–311 231–233 speaking style of, 96–98, 256–257, 301, Kemble, Eugenia, 226 314 Kennedy, Edward, 96, 100, 107–108, as speechwriter, 35–36, 39, 41, 42 110–112, 115, 138–139, 248 strategic planning by, 257–263 Kennedy, John F., 4 union leaders opposed to, 292–297 Kennedy, Robert, 42, 47–48 Kirkland, Louise Beardsley Richardson Kernaghan, Charles, 201 (mother), 16, 20–21, 22, 27, 155 King, Coretta Scott, 267 Kirkland, Louise “Rikki” Richardson King, Martin Luther, Jr., 43, 47, 265, 266 (daughter), 39 Kirkland, Blair Hollyday (daughter), 29, Kirkland, Lucy Alexander (daughter), 29, 39 39 Kirkland, Edith “Edie” Hollyday (wife), Kirkland, Mary “Mollie” (sister), 16, 23, 28–29, 39, 41, 62 28 Kirkland, Edith “Holly” Hollyday Kirkland, Randolph “Rannie” Withers III (daughter), 39 (brother), 16–18, 20–23, 26, 28, 155 Kirkland, Irena Neumann (wife), 21, Kirkland, Randolph Withers (father), 14, 61–65, 69–70, 94–95, 126, 156, 160, 16–17, 20–24, 27, 40, 155 162, 231 Kirkland, Thomas Jefferson (brother), Kirkland, Joseph Lane (brother), 16 16, 19–20, 22–23, 27, 28 Kirkland, Katharine (sister), 16, 21, 23, Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., 192, 223–224 28 Kissinger, Henry, 57, 198–201, 213, 237, Kirkland, Katherine “Kitty” (daughter), 311, 312 39 Kissinger Commission, 196, 198–201, Kirkland, Lane, 155–162 313 ancestors of, 11–16, 155 Knapik, Jacek, 186 awarded Presidential Medal of Konrad Adenauer Foundation, 208 Freedom, 290–291 KOR (Committee to Defend Workers), on bipartisanship, 226–227 164, 165 characteristics of, 3–10, 39–42, 93–94, Kourpias, George, 295–297, 303 227–228, 293, 313–315 Kroll, Fred, 113 childhood of, 16–24 Kulerski, Wiktor, 172, 185 children of, 29, 39 Kurds, 69–70 as civil libertarian, 247–248 on communism, 67–71, 94, 163–164, Labedz, Leo, 164–165 229 Laborers Union, 247 death of, 311–313 Labor Institute for Public Affairs, 260 early career of, 24–28, 30, 31, 34–35, labor law reform, 85–88, 102 39–42 labor-management relations, 5–6, 240, elected AFL-CIO president, 1–2, 261. See also individual names of corpo- 93–95 rations elected secretary-treasurer of AFL- Labor Party (Israel), 65 CIO, 55–57 labor unity, 2, 34, 97, 243–252, 257–259, Four Freedoms award, 298 262–263 fund-raising by, 44–45 Labour Party (England), 173, 176 illness of, 311 Lance, Bert, 151 leadership style of, 98–105 Lane Kirkland Scholarship Program, 313 on liberalism, 50, 69 Larson, Reed, 86 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 338

338 INDEX

Lasota, Irena, 182, 185 on communism, 67–71 Lee, Ernest, 98, 217 death of, 98 Lemnitzer, Lyman, 60–61 on foreign policy, 51–54 Lenin Shipyard, 163 Johnson and, 45, 46 Levine, Irving R., 105 Kirkland’s views on, 92–93, 100 Lewis, Drew, 123–124 Lovestone and, 217 Lewis, Flora, 168 named AFL chairman, 37 Lewis, John L., 32, 38, 148, 243–244, 250 named AFL-CIO president, 38–39 Liberation (France), 225–226 Nixon and, 57–58 Lindsay, John V., 71 retirement of, 90–93 Linowitz, Sol, 106–107 Teamsters and, 244 Lipset, Seymour Martin, 279 on union corruption, 41–42 Lis, Bogdan, 186 media, 104–105 Lithuania, 230, 231 AFL-CIO media relations, 301 Long, Huey, 256 of CIA, 221–222 Long, Russell, 88 Communications Workers of America Lopez Sibrian, Rodolfo, 192, 195–196, and, 257–258 196 of Solidarity, 182–188 Lorenzo, Frank, 253 Sweeney and, 307–308 Lourie, Alena Neumann, 61–64 Meese, Ed, 117, 119, 127, 174 Lourie, Norman, 61, 64 Meir, Golda, 65, 156 Lovestone, Jay, 98, 217 Merchant Marine Academy, 25 Lucassen, Sigurd, 296, 303 Mexico, 283–288 Lundberg, Harry, 34 Michigan, 152 Lynch, Leon, 207 Middle East, 63–66, 71, 219, 227–228, Lyons, Jack, 133–134, 246 312, 313 Milewski, Jerzy, 182, 186 Machinists Union, 73, 125, 295, 297 Miller, Bruce, 81, 82, 105 Maldonado, Samuel, 196, 200 Miller, Joyce, 103, 270 Manatt, Charles, 137, 151, 224 Miller, Lenore, 256, 296 Mandela, Nelson, 235 minimum wage, 79, 80, 114, 120–121 March on Washington (1963), 43–44, Mondale, Walter “Fritz,” 6, 79, 115, 129, 266 141–142, 267, 275–276, 307 Marine Engineers Beneficial Association, AFL-CIO endorsement of, 136–141 141 Hart and, 144–149 Marshall, F. Ray, 78, 109, 110 “special interests” label, 143–147, 154 Mauzy, Oscar, 37–38 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 59, 76, 95 McBride, Lloyd, 82 Murphy, Betty Southard, 117–118 McCarthy, Eugene, 46–50 Murray, Philip, 38 McCarthy, Joseph, 50 Muskie, Edmund, 71, 72, 168, 169, 192 McDonald, David, 38 McEntee, Gerald NAACP, 66, 265, 267 Central America policy and, 202 Nance, James, 174 Kirkland retirement and, 292, 293, National Accord, 5, 108–110, 115 296, 299, 300, 302, 303, 307 National Bipartisan Commission on McGovern, George, 71–75, 136, 139, Central America (Kissinger 144 Commission), 196, 198–201, 213, McGovern amendment, 71 313 McGuire, Dick, 45 National Commission on Productivity, Meany, Eugenie, 90 59 Meany, George, 1, 4–5, 47, 48, 64, 71, National Committee on Human Rights 159 and Democracy in El Salvador, Carter and, 77–79, 89 202–204 on civil rights, 43–44 National Democratic Front (FDN), 194 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 339

INDEX 339

National Endowment for Democracy Oswald, Rudy, 112 (NED), 8, 165, 187, 189, 233, 314 on China, 237 Palestine Liberation Organization creation of, 214, 222–223 (PLO), 66, 71, 219 National University Union and, 225–226 Panama, 200 National Labor Relations Act, 277 Panetta, Leon, 283 National Labor Relations Board PAP (Polish press agency), 168 (NLRB), 85, 102, 241–242, 259, 276 pay equity, 269 National Organization for Women, 150, Pearlman, Mark, 191–196, 199, 208 270 “pelf,” 97–98 National Republican Alliance (ARENA), pension plans, 36–39 194 per capita contributions, 245, 249 National Right to Life Committee, Percy, Charles, 120–121 270–271 Perkins, John, 99, 130, 138, 142–143, National Right-to-Work Committee, 145, 150, 151 86–87, 117–118, 240, 241 Pilarska, Joanna, 184 National University Union (UNI), Pinochet, Augusto, 68, 234–235 225–226 Pittston Coal Corporation, 250–252, 295 NATO, 309–310 Plattner, Marc, 225–226 Negro-American Labor Council, 266 Poland, 163–164, 231–233, 312, 313 New Deal, 3, 32, 298 ambassadorship, 30, 280, 294 New Hampshire, 147 financial status, 175, 177, 179 New Left, 82 martial law in, 173–175, 178–179, 233 New Right, 86 Solidarity, 163–168, 173–175, Nicaragua, 179, 191–192, 197, 205, 209, 181–190, 190, 251, 262–263 211, 212 U.S. sanctions against, 175–181, 189 Nixon, Richard, 47–50, 57–59, 64–65, Poli, Robert, 124, 127, 128 71–75, 139 Popieluszko, Father Jerzy, 190 Nofziger, Lyn, 121 postal workers’ strike (1970), 123 Noriega, Manuel, 200 Poznan uprising (1956), 164 North American Free Trade Agreement Presidential Medal of Freedom, 290–311 (NAFTA), 8, 300 President’s Commission on Financial Clinton election campaign and, Structure and Regulation, 59 279–281 President’s Commission on Organized passage of, 288–290 Crime, 247 terms of, 281–288 Presser, Jackie, 246, 248–249 Professional Air Traffic Controllers’ Obando y Bravo, Cardinal, 206 Organization (PATCO), 122–128, Occupational Safety and Health 255, 277–278 Administration (OSHA), 120 Progressive Policy Institute, 279 O’Connor, John (cardinal of New York), Pudysz, Zbigniew, 186 271 O’Donnell, J.J., 113, 125 race relations, 22–23, 264–265. See also Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers, 75 civil rights oil industry, 66–67, 91, 111 Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt O’Neal, Frederick, 102 Organizations Act (RICO), 248 Onyszkiewicz, Janusz, 180, 184–185 Radio Free Europe, 221, 226 Operation PUSH, 107 Radio Liberty, 221, 226 Order of the White Eagle, 312 Radom strike (1976), 164 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Randolph, A. Philip, 44, 265, 266 Countries (OPEC), 66–67, 91, 111 Rauh, Joseph, 82 Organizing Institute, 260, 301 Rauschenberg, Robert, 310 Ortega, Daniel, 197–199, 209, 211 Ravenswood Aluminum Company, Osborne, Arthur, 204 255–256, 295 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 340

340 INDEX

Reagan, Ronald, 5, 6, 111–112, 116, Santer, Jacques, 297 120–122, 240 Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 50 Bork nomination by, 272 Schlesinger, James, 81, 107 on Central America, 192, 196, 198, Schlossberg, Stephen, 243 205, 207–208 Schnitzler, William, 39 constructive engagement policy, 236 Schorr, Daniel, 283, 284, 311 Department of Labor under, 240–243 Schultz, George, 127, 177, 181 Donovan appointed by, 117–119 Schultze, Charles, 110 election of, 113–115, 139–154 Screen Actors Guild, 131, 207, 240 NLRB board and, 241 Seafarers Union, 34, 98 PATCO strike and, 122–128 Selden, David, 56 Polish solidarity and, 171–172, 174, September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, 308 176–178, 180, 189 Service Employees International Union, “Reaganomics,” 114, 119–120, 121, 134 304 on Rockefeller Commission, 60–61 Shanker, Albert, 56, 229, 248, 300, 302 Solidarity Day and, 128–130 Sheinkman, Jack, 202–203, 228 Teamsters and, 131 Shultz, George, 56, 58, 205, 226, 235 Redoubt (Polish underground press), 186 Silber, John, 198–201, 213 Regan, Donald, 122 Simon, Paul, 153 Rehnquist, William, 272–273 Simons, Thomas, 178, 180, 181 Reich, Robert, 95, 156, 284 situs picketing, 84, 86–87 Reilly, Hugh, 241 slavery, 12, 13, 265 Republican Party, 23, 223, 244. See also Snow, Tony, 105 individual names of politicians, opera- Soares, Mario, 231 tives social issues, 5 Reuther, Victor, 53, 82, 245 Solidarity, 128, 163–164, 163–166 Reuther, Walter, 32–33, 38, 44, 51–54, Communist Party defeated by, 251 218, 244 1990 congress, 190 Reynolds, William, 28 as inspiration for U.S. labor, 262–263 Rich, Marc, 255–256 international assistance to, 181–188 Richardson, Alan, 15–16 labor settlement, 187–190 Richardson, Charles, 14–15 martial law and, 173–175 Richardson, Joseph Lane, 14, 15 Solidarnosc, 2, 116, 167–168 Richardson, Mary Jacobs Jones, 15–16 Solidarity Day, 128–130, 172 right-to-work laws, 33, 76–77, 86–87, Solidarity van, 153 117–118, 240, 241 Solidarnosc, 2, 116, 167–168. See also Rockefeller, Nelson, 49, 59–61 Solidarity Rockefeller Commission, 59–61, 69, 131 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 67, 69, 168 Rogers, Ray, 253–255 Sorensen, Theodore, 81, 83 Romaszewski, Zbigniew, 180 South Africa, 235–236 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 3, 32, 265, 298 Southern United States, 3, 16–24, 264 Rostropovich, Mstislav, 231 Soviet Union, 67, 245. See also individual Rubenstein, Jack (Ruby), 37–38 names of dissidents Rustin, Bayard, 171, 265–267, 312 glasnost and perestroika, 228–233 perestroika, 228–233 Sadat, Anwar, 162 on Polish workers’ strike, 169 Sadlowski, Ed, 81–83, 250 SALT II, 91–92 Safire, William, 131, 227 Speakes, Larry, 131 Sakharov, Andrei, 67, 175, 231 Specter, Arlen, 273–274 Salinas, Carlos, 283 St. John, David, 97–99 Salvadoran Institute of Agrarian Stevenson, Adlai, 39, 41 Transformation, 191 Strategic Approaches Committee, 260 Sandinista Liberation Front, 191–192, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT 197, 205, 207–208 II), 91–92 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 341

INDEX 341

Strathotte, Willy, 256 “union summer,” 305 Strauss, Robert, 75, 199 United Auto Workers (UAW), 2, 38, 73, striking, 123, 125, 164, 250–257. See also 75 Solidarity aid to Polish workers by, 167 Kirkland participation in, 250–251 during 1968 election, 49 by public workers, 122–128, 255 reaffiliation of, 244–245 striker replacements, 255, 277–278 withdrawal from AFL-CIO, 51–54, 55, Sturdivant, John, 212 97, 218–219 Sweden, 183, 185 United Food and Commercial Workers, Sweeney, John J., 154, 210, 212, 260 248, 250, 253–255, 297 AFL-CIO presidency of, 297–308 United Mine Workers, 2, 32, 160 Kirkland retirement and, 293–294, 296 reaffiliation of, 243–244, 249–252 Swoboda, Frank, 292–295 Reagan’s black lung program and, 120, 121 Taft-Hartley Act, 30–31, 33–34, 73, United Nations (UN), on Middle East, 76–77, 85 66 TASS (Soviet news agency), 168–169 United Steelworkers of America, 33, 38, taxes 50, 81–83, 92, 250, 255–256 Mondale on, 151–152 Uoka, Kazimieras, 230 Reagan and, 111–112, 119, 132–133 Ursus strike (1976), 164 Teamsters, 2, 33, 34, 41, 42, 73, 117 U.S. Agency for International in American Labor Alliance, 53 Development (USAID), 194, 224 Clinton supported by, 280 U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 87 leadership of, 305–306 U.S. Department of Labor reaffiliation of, 97, 244, 245–249 Brennan, 65 Reagan and, 131 Brock, 242–243 Thatcher, Margaret, 122 Dole, 252, 253, 276 Theobold, Thomas, 233 Donovan, 117–119, 240 Thomas, Clarence, 273–274 Dotson, 240–242 Thornburgh, Dick, 278 Wirtz, 39 Thurmond, Strom, 266 U.S. Justice Department, 248 Tobin, Dan, 34 U.S. Navy, 30 “To Clear the Record” (AFL-CIO), U.S. Supreme Court, 269–270, 272–273 53–54 Usery, W. J., 252 trade unionism, 10 U.S.S.R. See Soviet Union Transfer Amendment, 92 Trilateral Commission, 8 Vance, Cyrus, 71, 80, 194–195, 219 Trofimov, Genrikh, 169 Vasev, Vladillen, 169 Tr uman, Harry, 35, 42 Viera, Rodolfo, 191–196, 199, 208 Tr umka, Rich, 160, 250–252, 293, 295, Vietnam War, 41 296, 304, 306 Tsongas, Paul, 278, 279 wages Tu rner, J. C., 93 in Asia, 236 under Carter administration, 79, 80, “unfettered” free markets, 233 109–110 Union Communal Salvadorena (UCS), comparable worth, 269 194–196 Davis-Bacon Act, 112 unions, 21. See also individual names of for teenagers, 114, 120–121 unions and union officials Walesa, Lech, 2, 161, 165, 169, 262–263, associate memberships in, 260 311, 312 Kirkland’s early positions on, 26 imprisonment of, 173–175 officials’ salaries, 249 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to, 179 perception of, 259, 261 on U.S. sanctions, 180–181 post World War II, 34 Wallace, George C., 49, 71–73, 137 bindex.qxd 11/10/04 10:29 AM Page 342

342 INDEX

Wallaert, Steve, 129 Wirtz, Willard, 39 Ward, Martin, 93, 95 Withers, T. J., 12 Warnke, Paul, 69, 80 Wofford, Harris, 278 Washington Post, 292–295 Woll, Al, 41–42 Waste Material Handlers Local Union, Woll, Matthew, 34 37–38 Woodcock, Leonard, 245 Watergate, 74–75 World Federation of Trade Unions, 52 Wattenberg, Ben J., 142 World War II, 24–27, 34, 36–38, 60–64, Watts, Glenn, 89 265 Weidenbaum, Murray, 122 Wu, Harry, 237 Weinstein, Allen, 223 Wurf, Jerry, 56, 132, 299 Wellstone, Paul, 284 Wynn, William, 246, 248, 250, 254, 271 West Germany, 184 White, Robert, 192, 194–195 yellow-dog contracts, 127 White, Theodore, 49–50, 73 Yeltsin, Boris, 231 Wilkins, Roy, 66 Young, Ken, 57, 84, 99–100, 112, Will, George, 10, 61, 73, 146, 227 148–149, 151, 246 Williams, Lynn, 82, 256, 261 Mondale campaign and, 145 Williams, Roy, 131, 246 PATCO and, 125, 128 Willis, Norman, 235–236 United Mine Workers and, 250 Wilson, Dick, 143, 152, 258 Winpisinger, William, 70, 90, 113, 125, Zumwalt, Elmo, 67 132, 202–203, 228