Road Needs Study - 2013

Frontenac Corridor

D.M. Wills Project Number 13-4449

D.M. Wills Associates Limited PARTNERS IN ENGINEERING

Peterborough North Bay

January 2014

Executive Summary

As a result of Ministry of Transportation highways downloads, the Townships of North, Central, and South Frontenac and Frontenac Islands assumed their respective geographic portions of former Highways 506, 509, 38, 95 and 96. These highways, connected together provide for a complete corridor through the County of Frontenac and across Wolfe Island, coined the “Frontenac Corridor”. While providing a County/Regional transportation function, these roads remain the responsibility of each of the local Townships.

The Townships of North, Central, and South Frontenac and Frontenac Islands recognize the regional function of this road corridor as a commuter, commercial and recreational link across the Townships. In such, they also recognize the benefit in managing the corridor collaboratively to ensure the application of consistent road standards and treatments throughout and to ensure the overall health of the entire road corridor.

To this end the Townships have agreed to partner in the management and funding of the “Frontenac Corridor”. In particular, the Townships have lobbied to see the Frontenac Corridor considered as a separate entity by higher levels of government in consideration for future funding opportunities.

The Townships intend to be proactive in their response to potential future funding opportunities with respect to roads and in particular the Frontenac Corridor. An assessment of the road network and a related asset management/financial plan for road maintenance and improvement is necessary to support future funding requests.

The collective Townships of Frontenac Islands, South Frontenac, Central Frontenac and North Frontenac jointly retained the services of D.M. Wills Associates (Wills) to undertake a review of the Frontenac Corridor and develop a road maintenance/improvement plan. Data collected as a result of the field review was used to develop a prioritized listing of the road network needs, the results of which are documented in this report.

The Frontenac Corridor (the Corridor) spans a total of approximately 185 km primarily within a rural setting. The road network includes surfaces of both low class bituminous (LCB)( surface treatment) and high class bituminous (HCB) or hot mix paved (asphalt). The Corridor has approximately 111 km of surface treated road (low class bituminous (LCB)), and 74 km of asphalt paved road (HCB).

An overall corridor adequacy has been calculated based on a number of road characteristics including:

 Capacity  Structural Adequacy  Geometrics  Drainage  Surface Condition  Maintenance Demand  Shoulder and Road Widths

The overall corridor adequacy for the 2013 Road Needs Study is 42%. However, all of the roads identified as deficient are such due to inadequate surface type based on current traffic volumes; their overall structural adequacy and surface condition generally being good. Stated another way, the corridor is fully adequate except for a number of road sections which are considered to have a less than desirable road surface type given the traffic loading. The adjusted adequacy rating, excluding surface type deficient roads, is 100%

Capital Improvements

Prioritization and recommendations for planned capital improvements have been developed based on condition rating and traffic demands on each road. Those roads identified as having a “NOW”, “1-5” and “6-10” year capital reconstruction requirement (with the exception of drainage improvements) have been included in the capital plan. Road segments noted as a now need strictly due to surface type have been excluded from the plan as it is felt most appropriate to replace and upgrade the road surface only after the full service life of the existing pavement is realized. Upgrading of the road surface is recommended with the next reconstruction cycle.

The total length of approximately 32 km of road was identified for capital reconstruction works in the Now, 1-5, and 6-10 year periods i.e. over the next 10 years. The estimated cost of the capital works is approximately $ 6.0 M.

Resurfacing

Based on the noted typical degradation rates for surface treatment and hot mix, a resurfacing program/budget is recommended as follows:

Surface Treated Roads:

 111 km of surface treated roads (LCB)  Degradation rate 0.625/year (rating drops from “10” to “5” over a 8 year period)  Annual Resurfacing 14 km/year  Annual Budget $308,000 (14 km/yr. x $22,000/km ST1)

Hot Mix (Paved) Roads:

 74 km of paved roads (Asphalt)  Degradation rate 0.25/year (rating drops from “10” to “5” over a 20 year period)  Annual Resurfacing 4 km /year  Annual Budget $ 1,144,000 (4 km/yr. x $143,000/ln RMP1 x 2 lanes)

The total resurfacing program, (hot mix and surface treatment) is estimated at $1,452,000 per year, or approximately $7.26 M over the next 5 years. The relative allocation of resurfacing costs between individual Townships will varying depending on the location of the priority road sections.

Preventative Maintenance

It is recommended that regular maintenance in the form of roadside ditch cleanout and clearing be undertaken in order to extend the useful service life of the existing roads. Additionally, preventative maintenance in the form of crack sealing is recommended, as detailed in the recommended work plan.

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Table of Contents

1.0 Purpose, Background and Study Method ...... 1 1.1 Purpose ...... 1 1.2 Background ...... 1 1.3 Study Objectives ...... 2 1.4 Study Methodology ...... 2 2.0 The Road System ...... 4 2.1 Existing Infrastructure ...... 4 2.2 Traffic Data ...... 7 3.0 State of Infrastructure ...... 7 3.1 General Information ...... 7 3.2 Critical Deficiencies ...... 7 3.3 Priority Ratings of Roads ...... 8 3.4 Road Needs Study Summary Table ...... 9 3.5 Types of Improvements ...... 9 3.6 Benchmark Construction Costs...... 10 3.7 Preliminary Recommendations ...... 10 4.0 Level of Service ...... 12 5.0 Best Management Practices ...... 13 5.1 Preservation Management Approach ...... 18 6.0 Improvement Plan ...... 20 6.1 Capital Improvements ...... 20 6.2 Resurfacing ...... 22 6.3 Road Maintenance ...... 26 6.4 Guide Rail ...... 26 7.0 Discussion ...... 26 7.1 Structures ...... 26 7.2 Replacement Cost ...... 28 7.3 Prioritization of Projects...... 28 7.4 Integrated Capital Planning ...... 28

List of Appendices

Appendix A – Road Needs Summary Spreadsheet Appendix B – Road Improvement Costs Appendix C – Level of Service

Frontenac Corridor Study 2013 Townships of Frontenac Islands, South, Central and North Frontenac

1.0 Purpose, Background and Study Method

1.1 Purpose

The information derived from the study and documented in this report will provide assistance to the Townships for developing and executing a planned road maintenance and improvement program and effectively will serve as the Asset Management Plan for the Frontenac Corridor.

1.2 Background

We wish to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. Mike Richardson, Mr. Mark Segsworth, and Mr. Jim Phillips, Public Works Managers for their respective Townships, in preparing this document.

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1.3 Study Objectives

The purpose of the Road Assessment for the Frontenac Corridor is to provide a current inventory and value of the road corridor asset, assess its condition and develop a priority listing for construction needs and improvements. The study and related recommendations considers the overall corridor as an asset group, spanning across 4 municipalities.

The collective Townships of Frontenac Islands, South Frontenac, Central Frontenac and North Frontenac recognize the need to manage the Frontenac Corridor as a single asset spanning across municipal boundaries, both from an operational and fiscal planning perspective. The Frontenac Corridor Assessment will ensure a harmonized approach to maintenance and improvements within the corridor resulting in the lowest overall life cycle costs and extension of the overall life cycle of the asset.

To ensure compliance with the latest MTO guidelines, the inventories were completed in accordance with the most current editions of the Inventory Manual for Municipal Roads (the Inventory Manual).

1.4 Study Methodology

The procedure utilized to complete the study was generally in accordance with the Ministry of Transportation’s Inventory Manual for Municipal Roads (February 1991).

During the field study the following road characteristics were reviewed and documented to assess the current adequacy of the road:

 Platform Width (overall width of road)  Surface Width (width of pavement surface)  Shoulder Width  Surface Type (gravel, low class bituminous, or high class bituminous)  Drainage Type (open ditches vs. storm sewers etc.)  Surface Condition (rated on a scale of 1 (poor condition) to 10 (excellent condition))  Maintenance Demand  Roadside Environment  Capacity  Alignment  Guiderail Installations

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Critical Deficiencies Critical deficiencies represent road characteristics that result in increased maintenance costs and which lead to an inadequate level of service. Road sections may be assessed as critically deficient if any one of the following characteristics fall below the minimum tolerable standards defined in the Inventory Manual:

 Surface type - Insufficient surface type for traffic volumes.  Surface width - Insufficient width of the road surface, excluding the shoulders.  Capacity - Inability of the road to accommodate traffic volumes at peak periods.  Structural Adequacy - Inability of the road base to support vehicular traffic.  Drainage - Increased frequency of flooding or excessive maintenance effort required to prevent flooding.

Surface Type The following parameters were used to assess the adequacy of the road surface type. Roads with traffic volumes (AADT) in excess of the values recommended below for various surface types were noted as critically deficient triggering a “Now” need.

Table 1 - Surface Type by Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)

AADT Surface Type Recommended 0 – 200 Gravel 201 – 400 Low Class Bituminous >400 High Class Bituminous

Surface Width Surface widths that fall below minimum tolerable standards, as detailed in the MTO Inventory Manual were noted as critically deficient triggering a “Now” need.

Capacity An in-depth traffic capacity analysis was not completed as part of the scope of this Road Needs Study. Decisions with respect to expansion of roads should be made within the context of Official Plan for the Townships or a Master Transportation Plan for the County. However, from a general perspective a two lane road can typically provide adequate service up to an AADT of approximately 12,000 vehicles. The functionality of a road from a capacity standpoint is of course dependent upon other factors in combination with volume. Adjacent uses, number of access points i.e. entrances and sideroads etc. also have a significant impact on how the road functions.

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A rural road with limited entrances and sideroads will have a much greater capacity to flow traffic versus an urban street with many entrances and sideroad intersections. The AADT of 12,000 can be used as a rule of thumb to trigger further analysis on the road capacity and operation. For the purposes of this study, the AADT of 12,000 was used to trigger a “Now” need for expansion of a road beyond two (2) lanes.

Structural Adequacy In cases where road base or structure is showing distress over more than 20% of the length of the road section and the required maintenance effort is considered excessive, a “Now” need is assessed for structural adequacy.

Drainage A road section is assessed as a “Now” need for drainage generally when a road becomes impassible due to water one or more times a year.

2.0 The Road System

2.1 Existing Infrastructure

All road segments in the corridor were inventoried according to the methods outlined in the Inventory Manual for Municipal Roads.

The inventory procedure requires that each road in the system be studied as a separate unit. Initially, the road system was divided into sections so that each conformed, as close as possible, to the following requirements:

 Uniform traffic volume  Uniform terrain  Uniform physical conditions  Uniform adjacent land Depending on location with respect to the built up areas, roads were classified in a manner generally descriptive of the type of construction as follows:

 Urban Roads with curb and gutter and storm sewer drainage.  Semi-Urban Roads in built up areas without curb and gutter or curb and gutter on one (1) side only.  Rural Roads with ditch and culvert drainage outside built up areas.

Rural roads were further evaluated based on estimated traffic volumes such as 0 to 50 vehicles per day, 51 to 200, and 201 to 400 etc.. For the purpose of this study, traffic

D.M. Wills Associates Limited Page 4 Project Number 12-4449 Frontenac Corridor Study 2013 Townships of Frontenac Islands, South, Central and North Frontenac volumes were adopted from existing traffic data and recent 2013 traffic counts at select locations, provided by the Township.

A physical appraisal of each road segment was carried out to verify characteristics such as length, surface type, width and condition.

The physical characteristics of each inventoried road section were compared to the required standard that should exist for the type of service the road provides.

Table 2 and 3 below summarize the total corridor length in kilometres by surface type and road environment as of September 2013.

The Frontenac Corridor (the Corridor) spans a total of approximately 185 km primarily within a rural setting. The road network includes surfaces of both low class bituminous (LCB)( surface treatment) and high class bituminous (HCB) or hot mix paved (asphalt). The Corridor has approximately 111 km of surface treated roads (low class bituminous (LCB)), and 74 km of asphalt paved road (HCB); all being approximate and rounded to the nearest kilometre.

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Table 2 - Road System Attributes

Frontenac Corridor Road System in Kilometres as of September 2013

A. Surface Type Totals* Low Class Bituminous (LCB) 111 Hot Mix (HCB) 74 Total A 185 B. Roadside Environment

(i) Rural

Earth 0 Gravel 0 LCB 111 HCB 66 Total Rural 177 km (ii) Semi-Urban

Gravel 0 LCB 0

HCB 1 Total Semi-Urban 1 km (iii) Urban

Gravel 0 LCB 0 HCB 7 Total Urban 7

Totals B 185 km *Estimated to the nearest kilometre.

Table 3: Road Surface by Township

HCB LCB Total

North Frontenac 0.6 73.38 73.98

Central Frontenac 32 10.6 42.6

South Frontenac 24.35 0 24.35

Frontenac Islands 16.7 26.5 43.2

TOTAL 73.65 110.48 184.13

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2.2 Traffic Data

Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) is an important measure of annual vehicular use of any particular road section. Design standards, road classification and priority for improvements all depend to a large extent on this information.

The AADT for each road was derived from estimated or actual traffic counts as available by the Townships. Where counts were unavailable, volumes were estimated based general knowledge of traffic movements and based on available traffic counts for adjacent areas in the corridor.

It is important to note the significance of the recreational traffic use of the corridor as evidenced by an increased to Summer Average Daily Traffic (SADT) versus AADT.

3.0 State of Infrastructure

3.1 General Information

The primary purpose of the study is to develop a list of all road sections within the Corridor ranked according to priority with respect to road construction needs.

The method of evaluating construction needs in terms of type, cost and timing of improvements is identified in the Inventory Manual for Municipal Roads.

It is important to note that budgetary restrictions will often influence the level of upgrades to the road system and therefore it is imperative to maximize the improvements based on availability of funds and needs priority. Additionally, a preservation management approach to extend the useful service life of each road segment is necessary.

3.2 Critical Deficiencies

The inventory of the road system revealed that certain road sections are now deficient or will become deficient during the study period.

As noted previously, critical deficiencies include road characteristics which result in increased maintenance costs and which inevitably lead to an inadequate level of service. A road section is critically deficient if any one of the following characteristics fall below the minimum tolerable standards defined in the Inventory Manual.

 Surface type Incorrect surface type to suit traffic volumes on the roadway. See Table 1.  Surface width Insufficient width of the road surface excluding the shoulders.  Capacity Inability of the road to accommodate traffic volumes at peak periods.

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 Structural Adequacy Inability of the road base to support vehicular traffic.  Drainage Increased frequency of flooding or excessive maintenance effort required to prevent flooding.

As discussed previously, an AADT rule of thumb was used to assess capacity of the existing roads. Two-lane roads with AADTs in excess of 12,000 were considered deficient for calculation of the overall system adequacy. No roads within the Corridor had traffic volumes in excess of 12,000 AADT. The highest AADT amongst the road segments was approximately 4000 vehicles.

Of the 188 km of road inventoried, a total of 107 km were found to be critically deficient.

The overall system adequacy for the Corridor, which is based upon the total road kilometres less the identified critically deficient roads, is as follows:

2013 System Adequacy = 185 - 107 x 100% = 42% 185

It is important to note that all 107 km of roads considered to be deficient are rated deficient due to inadequate surface type; that is, given the volume of traffic within the corridor, a HCB (hot mix) surface is recommended. Excluding roads of inadequate surface type, the adjusted overall system adequacy is 100%, as follows:

(Adjusted) 2013 System Adequacy = 185 – 0 x 100% = 100% 185

3.3 Priority Ratings of Roads

A mathematical empirical formula was used to calculate the priority rating for each road section. The priority rating is a weighted calculation which takes into account the existing traffic volume and overall condition rating of the road based of various road characteristics including geometry, width, surface condition, structure, drainage and maintenance demands.

This priority analysis is an impartial procedure to place the deficiencies in order of relative need. A higher Priority Rating Number indicates a relatively greater need for improvement.

The formula takes into account the current traffic volume (AADT), whether it is from actual road counts or estimated road counts and the condition rating of the road at the time of this road needs study. The formula is as follows:

Priority Rating = 0.2 x (100 - CR) x (AADT + 40) 0.25

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In utilizing the above equation Wills identified a priority listing for review with Township staff. It is important to emphasize that the priority rating calculation considers a number of input parameters, as noted previously. By nature of the calculation a road which is otherwise in very good condition structurally may score high on the priority list for intervention based on its geometrics or perhaps surface width. Alternatively a road with good geometrics and widths may score as a high priority based on poor drainage and structural adequacy, as an example.

When developing the recommended capital expenditure plan consideration may be given to the remaining useful service life of a road/roadbed with a view to coordinating major reconstruction efforts and upgrades at/near the end of the road’s life. With this in mind, a Revised Priority Rating was assigned to each road segment based on surface condition, structural adequacy, maintenance demand, drainage, and AADT only.

Further consideration may be given to the impact of seasonal variations in traffic volumes, given the importance of the Frontenac Corridor for recreational traffic, when assessing relative road section priorities. For those road segments scoring a similar priority rating, SADT (summer traffic volume) may be used to influence the relative timing of rehabilitation/resurfacing activities.

3.4 Road Needs Study Summary Table

The Road Needs Study Summary Table provides a complete priority listing of the Corridor’s road system in descending order of priority rating, (highest priority to lowest). The Summary Table is included in Appendix A.

3.5 Types of Improvements

All of the top road priorities were examined to appraise the extent and type of improvement necessary. As noted previously, a road may yield a high priority rating due to poor geometrics and road width but may otherwise be in excellent condition, as an example. Widening of the road in an urban area or improving geometrics may not be feasible due to property constraints. In such cases, despite having a high priority rating, an improvement recommendation is not provided.

For the purpose of this study, priority is given to those roads experiencing distress or degradation of the road structure (roadbed) and those roads with higher traffic volumes.

For deficient surface treated rural roads having an AADT greater than 200, minor deficiencies can be eliminated by base reconstruction, with necessary major improvements being accommodated by complete reconstruction to design standard. In many cases, pulverizing the existing base may be an effective reconstruction methodology. Consideration is given to upgrading to a HCB surface.

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For corrections of critical deficiencies on hot mix paved roads, other than spot improvements, generally a base and surface course treatment was recommended based on traffic volumes i.e. reconstruction or pulverize and pave. Milling and paving was recommended in some areas with curb and gutter.

3.6 Benchmark Construction Costs

A Unit Price Form based on average prices for the local area was prepared. The unit prices were used to prepare an array of benchmark construction costs. The Unit Price Form for the 2013 Road Assessment Study is included in Appendix B together with benchmark construction costs for various types and standards of road improvements.

For the Corridor, the following design standards (Table 3) were utilized for development of the benchmark cost estimate for reconstruction. It should be noted that these are suggested standards and therefore should not necessarily be used as standards for detail design of roadway improvements. Additionally, these do not necessarily represent the “minimum tolerable standard”, as detailed in the Inventory Manual.

Table 3 - Design Standards for Construction Cost Estimates

Surface Granular A Granular B Hot Mix Shoulder Functional classification Width Depth Depth Depth Width (m) (m) (mm) (mm) (mm)* Rural R200 (50 to 199 vpd) 6.0 1.5 150 300 - Rural R300 (200 to 399 vpd) 6.0 1.5 150 300 16* Rural R400 (400 to 999 vpd) 6.5 1.5 150 450 50 Semi - Urban Local Residential 6 1.5 150 250 50 Semi - Urban Local Industrial 6.5 1.5 150 300 50 Urban Local Residential 8.5 - 150 300 100

Urban Local Industrial 9.0 - 150 300 100 *Prime and Double Surface Treatment is based on 16 mm of Hot Mix.

3.7 Preliminary Recommendations

Preliminary recommendations have been developed for each of the road segments included within the 5-Year Plan priorities list. The recommendations and associated estimated costs are included in the Road Needs Summary Table. “6-10” Year Needs are also identified in the Road Needs Study Summary Table under Critical Deficiencies.

The roads included in the 5-Year Plan list that are considered High Class Bituminous roads (HCB) or hot mix asphalt roads have rehabilitation alternatives ranging from a simple overlay to complete reconstruction. The following is a listing of standard road rehabilitation techniques that were considered for HCB or hot mix asphalt roads.

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RO1 Resurfacing, Single-Lift Overlay RO2 Resurfacing, Double-Lift Overlay RMP1 Resurfacing, Mill and Pave 1-Lift RMP2 Resurfacing, Mill and Pave 2-Lifts PP1 Pulverize and Pave 1-Lift PP2 Pulverize and Pave 2-Lifts Recon 1 Excavate and Reconstruct Road and Pave 1-Lift Recon 2 Excavate and Reconstruct Road and Pave 2-Lifts Recon 2U Excavate and Reconstruct Urban Road and Pave 2-Lifts

Surface treated roads are generally able to be rehabilitated with either a single or double LCB overlay treatment. They may also be upgraded to HCB pavement or downgraded to gravel. In some cases, previous resurfacing of LCB roads has occurred or the LCB surface or road structure has deteriorated to a state where a simple overlay surface treatment is not feasible. In these cases consideration can be given to removal of the existing surface treatment and placement of a new application. In some cases, where it is necessary to improve the overall roadbed structure, the addition of Granular A to build up the road and the reapplication of a surface treatment is recommended. The following is a listing of standard road rehabilitation techniques that were considered for LCB (surface treated) roads.

ST1 Single Surface Treatment ST2 Double Surface Treatment ST2R Double Surface Treatment with Removal of Existing ST2A Double Surface Treatment over new Granular A

“Order of Magnitude” construction costs were developed for each of the above options on a per kilometer basis, as detailed in Appendix B. An estimated cost for isolated frost heave repairs was also considered and included in Appendix B. The estimated costs for rehabilitation of each of the 5-Year Plan roads are included in the Road Needs Summary Table.

The above alternative rehabilitation strategies are considered preliminary in nature and are intended to assist in providing an order of magnitude cost estimate to rehabilitate the road. Further engineering design is required to confirm and develop the rehabilitation strategies for each road.

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4.0 Level of Service

The Townships have adopted a Level of Service standard as part of the development of the Corridor Asset Management Plan. The Level of Service standard builds from the Minimum Maintenance Standards for Municipal Highways, Ontario Reg. 239/02 and will guide the program for the maintenance of roads and bridge in the corridor. Appendix C sets out the Townships’ Levels of Service for roads and bridges.

The Level of Service provides a comprehensive approach to the maintenance of municipal infrastructure by setting out the objectives (or expectations) to be achieved and level of service standards for each class of infrastructure .

Levels of service provide a measuring stick to ensure that municipal infrastructure is maintained to a standard that protects the municipal investment and sustains or prolongs the life of bridges, roads, buildings, equipment and other infrastructure. By establishing a level of service, the townships will be able to identify the condition of all infrastructure on an ongoing basis and undertake measures to repair, upgrade or better all municipal assets over their lifespan. The intent of establishing levels of service is to also ensure that regulatory requirements are also met, notably, the minimum maintenance standards for municipal highways (Ontario Regulation 239/02).

The Level of Service document is attached as Appendix C to this Asset Management Plan and has been prepared as a standalone supplement in a convenient booklet form that can be used by a roads/bridges manager.

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5.0 Best Management Practices

The key to managing a pavement network is the timing of maintenance and rehabilitation activities. This idea evolves from the fact that a pavement's structural integrity does not fall constantly with time. A pavement generally provides a constant, acceptable condition for the first part of its service life and then begins to deteriorate very rapidly. In many cases, maintenance and rehabilitation measures are not taken until structural failure or noticeable changes in ride quality become apparent. This is the “fix it once it is already broken” approach.

The unfortunate consequence of this decision is that maintenance and rehabilitation becomes exponentially more expensive over the life of the pavement and is often overlooked until the pavement condition reaches a severe state of distress. There is opportunity for substantial cost savings when intervention is made before the pavement becomes severely compromised; i.e. “fix it before it breaks”. Figure 1 illustrates the underlying principle in support of a preservation management approach to pavement infrastructure. Significant cost savings will result from proactive intervention rather than simply waiting as long as possible before performing maintenance. The Townships have adopted a preservation management approach as a key component to the corridor asset management.

Examples of approaches to road maintenance with their associated cost implications over the lifecycle of a road are set below under the Life Cycle Cost Analysis Example Section and are provided as an illustration of the benefit of a “preservation management approach”.

Figure 1. Typical Service Life of an Asphalt Pavement

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Example Life Cycle Cost Analysis

The following life cycle costs analysis compares three different municipalities Municipality 1, Municipality 2 and Municipality 3, each with three distinct approaches to pavement management. For this analysis we will assume each of the three municipalities have 7000 m2 of pavement i.e. 1km of asphalt paved road that is 7m wide. In each scenario, the road is assumed to have been constructed in 2013 and will operate under normal traffic loading.

The Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) assumes no user costs. The LCCA uses a discount rate of 2.5% / year.

The LCCA shows the three different municipalities and tracks their pavement management decisions and related condition over the specified time period. Municipality 1 represents decisions made based on strategic preventive maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R), Municipality 2 represents decisions based on no preventive M&R and Municipality 3 represents decisions based on resurfacing only.

The figure below illustrates a time- pavement condition plot for each municipality.

Figure 8.2. Time-Condition Plot for 3 Municipalities

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The costs associated with the corresponding maintenance and rehabilitation decisions are outlined in the following tables:

Preventive M&R

Year Age Treatment ∆ PCI PCIq Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Present Worth -- Annual Ditching/Clearing -- 2018 5 Localized Preventive - Rout and Seal 81-90 Satisfactory-Good 1000 m $1.50 $1,500.00 $1,325.78 2023 10 Global Preventive - Slurry Seal 70-81 Satisfactory-Good 7000 m2 $6.50 $45,500.00 $35,544.53 Surface Course Mill and Dispose of Surface Course 7000 m2 $12.00 $84,000.00 2033 20 64-100 Poor-Good 50mm Surface Course 892.5 t $135.00 $120,487.50 $204,487.50 $124,792.78 2038 25 Localized Preventive - Rout and Seal 81-88 Satisfactory-Good 4500 m $1.50 $6,750.00 $3,640.89 2043 30 Global Preventive - Slurry Seal 68-78 Satisfactory-Good 7000 m2 $6.50 $45,500.00 $21,691.79 Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2048 35 N/A N/A 5% m2 $30.00 $10,500.00 $4,424.40 Patching/Leveling Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2053 40 N/A N/A 10% m2 $30.00 $21,000.00 $7,821.04 Patching/Leveling Full Reconstruction Remove Asphalt Full Depth 7000 m2 $15.00 $105,000.00 Add and Compact Corrective Aggregate/Correct Crossfall (25mm 420 t $35.00 $14,700.00 2058 45 32-100 Serious-Good avg.) 40mm Base Course 686 t $125.00 $85,750.00 50mm Surface Course 892.5 t $135.00 $120,487.50 $325,937.50 $107,290.28 2063 5 Localized Preventive - Rout and Seal 81-90 Satisfactory-Good 1000 m $1.50 $1,500.00 $436.41 Final PCI in 2063: 90 Good Net: $306,967.90 Residual Value: $85,346.08 Total Cost: $221,621.82

The policy of Municipality 1 is to strategically intervene with preventative maintenance measures over the course of the pavement's service life. Two significant maintenance measures are performed on the pavement at various times and ultimately extend the service life of the pavement, prorating the total cost of the pavement over a longer period of time. Eventually, a full reconstruction is required and this cycle repeats. The total life cycle costs are substantially less when compared to Municipality 2 and 3,at a total of $221,622 over 50 years.

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No Preventive M&R

Year Age Treatment ∆ PCI PCIq Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Present Worth Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2023 10 N/A N/A 5% m2 $30.00 $10,500.00 $8,202.58 Patching/Leveling Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2028 15 N/A N/A 10% m2 $30.00 $21,000.00 $14,499.78 Patching/Leveling Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2030 17 N/A N/A 20% m2 $30.00 $42,000.00 $27,602.19 Patching/Leveling Full Reconstruction Remove Asphalt Full Depth 7000 m2 $15.00 $105,000.00 Add and Compact Corrective Aggregate/Correct Crossfall (25mm 420 t $35.00 $14,700.00 2036 23 10-100 Poor-Good avg.) 40mm Base Course 686 t $125.00 $85,750.00 50mm Surface Course 892.5 t $135.00 $120,487.50 $325,937.50 $184,707.88 Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2043 7 N/A N/A 5% m2 $30.00 $10,500.00 $5,005.80 Patching/Leveling Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2048 12 N/A N/A 10% m2 $30.00 $21,000.00 $8,848.79 Patching/Leveling Safety/Stopgap Maintenance - AC 2053 17 N/A N/A 20% m2 $30.00 $42,000.00 $15,642.09 Patching/Leveling Full Reconstruction Remove Asphalt Full Depth 7000 m2 $15.00 $105,000.00 Add and Compact Corrective Aggregate/Correct Crossfall (25mm 420 t $35.00 $14,700.00 2059 23 10-100 Poor-Good avg.) 40mm Base Course 686 t $125.00 $85,750.00 50mm Surface Course 892.5 t $135.00 $120,487.50 $325,937.50 $104,673.45 Final PCI in 2063: 86 Good Net: $369,182.56 Residiual Value: $81,552.92 Total Cost: $287,629.64

The policy of Municipality 2 is to simply construct the pavement and wait until serious deficiencies begin to appear before acting. This approach unfortunately remains common still today. Over the last period of the pavement's life, maintenance is required to ensure safety and operation until the pavement becomes completely destroyed. Once the pavement has failed, a complete reconstruction is carried out restoring the pavement to new condition. This cycle repeats again until a second reconstruction is required. The total costs are substantial and total $287,630 over 50 years.

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Resurfacing Only

Year Age Treatment ∆ PCI PCIq Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Present Worth Surface Course Mill and Dispose of Surface Course 7000 m2 $12.00 $84,000.00 2028 15 64-100 Poor-Good 50mm Surface Course 892.5 t $135.00 $120,487.50 $204,487.50 $141,191.58 Full Reconstruction Remove Asphalt Full Depth 7000 m2 $15.00 $105,000.00 Add and Compact Corrective Aggregate/Correct Crossfall (25mm 420 t $35.00 $14,700.00 2051 23 10-100 Serious-Good avg.) 40mm Base Course 686 t $125.00 $85,750.00 50mm Surface Course 892.5 t $135.00 $120,487.50 $325,937.50 $127,534.43 Surface Course Mill and Dispose of Surface Course 7000 m2 $12.00 $84,000.00 2067 15 64-100 Poor-Good 50mm Surface Course 892.5 t $135.00 $120,487.50 $204,487.50 $53,898.67 Final PCI in 2063: 66 Good Net: $322,624.67 Residiual Value: $62,587.12 Total Cost: $260,037.55

The policy of Municipality 3 is periodic resurfacing. The pavement is constructed and time passes until early signs of serious distress are observed. This occurs after the time when preventive maintenance is neither appropriate nor possible, but before the pavement becomes completely destroyed. Resurfacing is performed and restores the pavement to almost new condition. The pavement then deteriorates for the remainder of its life, requiring significant maintenance in the last years before it becomes completely destroyed. A full reconstruction is then carried out and the cycle continues. The total costs are in between that of Municipality 1 and 2 at $260,038 over 50 years.

It may be easy to see upfront cost savings by understanding that as long as any costs associated with maintaining the pavement are deferred as long as possible, money will be saved. The reality is that extending a pavements service life prorates the total cost of the pavement over a longer period of time and ultimately becomes more economical in the long run. If preventive maintenance measures are strategically planned and carried out then the service life of the pavement can be maximized and substantial reconstruction costs can be deferred for longer periods of time. In a time when economy and efficiency are becoming more and more important, this type of proactive management is essential in the management of infrastructure.

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5.1 Preservation Management Approach

A. Surface Treated Roads

Surface treated roads have a hard wearing surface that must be preserved in order to be effective. Unlike gravel roads, a significant investment has been made in the surface and consequently these roads must be managed properly to obtain the longest possible service life from the surface. The Townships will employ the following preservation management strategy for surface treated roads.

Table 5.1A – Preservation Management Approach – Surface Treated Roads

Activity Age Condition Service Life (Years) Rating Extension (years) Slurry seal 3 8 4 Slurry seal 6 7 3 Double surface treatment (DST) 10 6 5 Pulverize and DST 14 <4 8

In addition to the above noted preservation approach, the following best management practices will be employed to preserve the surface, extend the service life and reduce life cycle costs of surface treated roads:

1. Surface treatment shall be applied to the entire road platform, from “grass to grass”, including any shoulders. This will eliminate grading on surface treated roads, which has a tendency to damage the edge of the surface treatment and cause premature failure of the surface. 2. Suitable new technologies will be utilized where they can be demonstrated to reduce life cycle costs, such as fibre-reinforced surface treatment. This technology can be used to mitigate reflective cracking when a single or double surface treatment is applied over an aging surface. It can eliminate the need for pulverizing the underlying surface in certain situations and can reduce overall costs. 3. Assess drainage and culvert needs prior to any significant renewal or rehabilitation strategy and complete any improvements concurrently. This will eliminate the need to cut/excavate a relatively new surface to replace a culvert. 4. Ditching and clearing (brushing) of the right-of-ways to improve roadbed drainage and safety.

B. Asphalt Roads

Asphalt surfaces are the smoothest and most durable hard top surface used by the Townships however, they are also the most expensive. Asphalt provides a constant, acceptable condition for the initial portion of its service life but then begins to deteriorate rapidly as it ages. Surface defects such as cracking and raveling are the first signs of the deterioration. If left untreated, the pavement will rapidly

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deteriorate to the point where reconstruction is the only option. A preservation management strategy can mitigate this by applying renewal treatments earlier in the pavements life before the conditions begin to deteriorate too far. Table 5.1B below summarizes the preservation management strategy to be used for asphalt roads:

Table 5.1B - Rural Asphalt Roads Activity Age Condition Service Life (Years) Rating Extension (years) Crack seal 2-6 9 2 Slurry seal/ Microsurface* 4-8 8 4-6 Overlay 12-15 6-7 10 Pulverize and Pave 20-25 <5 20 Reconstruct 30 <4 30 *Slurry seal can be used on lower volume paved roads (less than 1000 vehicles per day). For roads with volumes in excess of 1000 vpd, microsurfacing should be used.

In addition to the above noted preservation approach, the following best management practices will be employed to extend the service life and reduce life cycle costs of asphalt roads:

1. Review the condition of other infrastructure, particularly underground infrastructure prior to implementing any major renewal or rehabilitation of the pavement. Any repairs or capital upgrades to other infrastructure should be coordinated (refer to Section 7.4 for discussion on Integrated Capital Planning). This should reduce utility cuts in newer asphalt. 2. Repair potholes in the surface in a timely fashion to prevent saturation and weakening of road base. 3. Undertake regular shouldering program of rural paved roads to promote proper drainage. Poorly maintained shoulders allow surface water to pond and saturate the road base, which weakens the base and leads to cracking at the edge of pavements. 4. Undertake a ditching program to ensure there is adequate drainage for road base on rural roads. This will reduce the likelihood of structural distresses caused by softening of the road base due to poor drainage. 5. Specify the appropriate type of performance graded asphalt cement for the location. 6. Undertake a clearing program to reduce shading of the roadbed and remove roots/vegetation from the road base.

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6.0 Improvement Plan

6.1 Capital Improvements

An excerpt from the Road Needs Study Summary Table is included on the next page noting the recommended Capital Construction Plan in terms of priorities throughout the Corridor. All costs are based on 2013 dollars and should be adjusted for inflation based on program year, for budgeting purposes. The full Roads Needs Study Summary Table is included in Appendix A. Note, the capital improvements included in the plan are recommended for completion within the next 10 year timeframe.

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Table 6.1: Capital Construction Plan

Corridor Preliminary Guiderail Priority Road Location - Length Cost Structure Structure Section Township To AADT Improvement (# inst. - Rating Name From (km) ($1,000'S) Location Work No. Recommendation condition) Recon 2U - Full Centre Seventh 21 1060 Frontenac Islands Road 96 0.60 874 Reconstruction + 2 $643 Street Line Lifts Recon 2S - Full 18 1010 Frontenac Islands Road 96 Hitchcock Hillcrest 0.60 1174 Reconstruction + 2 $395 Lifts Recon 2S - Full 17 1210 Frontenac Islands Road 95 School Baseline 2.05 709 Reconstruction + 2 $1,349 Lifts Seventh PP2 - Pulverize and 17 1260 Frontenac Islands Road 95 End 2.10 709 $582 Line Pave 2 Lifts 18 - Burke Road 509 Road Ardoch PP1 - Pulverize and Fair/Good 16 3130 Central Frontenac Settlement 5.80 607 $915 Bridge, 5.9 km N/A 509 Road Pave 1 Lift (incl. 2 Road North of Hwy 7 SBGR) Recon 2U - Full 16 1200 Frontenac Islands Road 95 Road 96 School 0.25 709 Reconstruction + 2 $268 Lifts Seventh PP2 - Pulverize and 16 1250 Frontenac Islands Road 95 Stephenson 1.00 709 $277 Line Pave 2 Lifts Burke Road PP1 - Pulverize and 14 3120 Central Frontenac Highway 7 Settlement 3.50 607 $552 509 Pave 1 Lift Road Central/No Road Ardoch rth PP1 - Pulverize and 4 - 14 3140 Central Frontenac 1.30 607 $205 509 Road Frontenac Pave 1 Lift Fair/Good Boundary PP1 - Pulverize and 14 1080 Frontenac Islands Road 96 Eighth Line Ninth Line 1.60 754 $252 Pave 1 Lift PP1 - Pulverize and 12 1230 Frontenac Islands Road 95 Reed's Bay Ridgeroad 1.20 709 $189 Pave 1 Lift Reed's Bay PP1 - Pulverize and 10 1220 Frontenac Islands Road 95 Baseline 2.40 709 $379 Road Pave 1 Lift Total Cost: Capital $6,007 Construction Notes: 1. Priorities in descending order. The higher the priority rating the greater the need. 2. Rehabilitation strategy to be confirmed by geotechnical investigations at detail design. 3. Timing of storm sewer work should be considered in conjunction with road reconstruction and vice versa, where applicable.

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6.2 Resurfacing

Based on the noted typical degradation rates for surface treatment and hot mix, a resurfacing program/budget is recommended as follows:

Surface Treated Roads:

Hot Mix (Paved) Roads:

The total resurfacing program, (hot mix and surface treatment) is estimated at $1,452,000 per year, or approximately $7.26 M over the next 5 years.

Relative road resurfacing priorities are based on the priority ranking in the summary table, Appendix A and below. Note the higher the priority rating, the higher the need, i.e. the largest priority rating is the top priority.

As noted previously, a significant number of roads have been identified for upgrading of the surface type from surface treatment to asphalt. For those roads, the estimated resurfacing cost includes the recommended surface upgrades and related base work e.g. pulverizing. The resurfacing budget of approximately $10 M has therefore been allocated to facilitate these upgrades.

It is recognized that the actual program year for various resurfacings may be subject to fiscal pressure and other priorities for the Townships. Should the full annual resurfacing plan, as proposed, not be achieved in the intended year, priority should be given to these projects in the subsequent year(s), with consideration to the then current road condition(s).

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Table 6.2: Resurfacing Plan

Preliminary Guiderail Priority Section Location - Length Cost Structure Township Road To AADT Improvement Structure Work (# inst. / Rating No. From (km) ($1,000'S) Location Recommendation condition)

Concrete repairs Lions Club to abutment wall; South Road PP2 - Pulverize and Verona Bridge, 5 - 27 2050 Leonard Pit Road Curb & 3.90 10800 $1,082 replacement of Frontenac 38 Pave 2 Lifts South of Bellrock Fair/Good Gutter expansion joints. ($204,000, >2018) Road 38 Culvert, Repair barrel South Road Desert Lake Piccadily PP2 - Pulverize and 400m North of 4 - 21 2080 3.60 3846 $818 concrete. Frontenac 38 Road North Road Pave 2 Lifts Desert Lake Fair/Good ($19,500, >2018) Road Recon 2U - Full South Road Lions Club Pine Ridge 20 2060 1.20 7000 Reconstruction + 2 $1,287 Frontenac 38 Road Road Lifts Culvert Under South Road End of Curb & Road 38, 1.9 km 2 - 18 2040 Leonard Pit 4.75 10100 Rout and Seal $38 N/A Frontenac 38 Gutter north of Fair/Good Rutledge Road Recon 2S - Full South Road Pine Ridge Desert Lake 17 2070 0.50 3846 Reconstruction + 2 $329 Frontenac 38 Road Road Lifts Murvale Creek South Road Boundary at Culvert, 700m 3 - 17 2000 Yarker road 1.70 7600 Rout and Seal $14 N/A Frontenac 38 Murton Rd north of Murton Fair/Good Road Harrowsmith South Road 2 - 17 2010 Yarker Road South 3.50 7600 Rout and Seal $28 Frontenac 38 Fair/Good Boundary Harrowsmith South Road Colebrook 15 2020 South 1.10 7600 Rout and Seal $9 Frontenac 38 Road East Boundary Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and 14 1080 Eighth Line Ninth Line 1.60 754 $252 Islands 96 Pave 1 Lift

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County Road 38 6 - Central Road South Limit of North Limit of RMP1 - Mill & Pave, Bridge, 400 m S Fair/Good 15 3100 2.10 3007 $601 N/A Frontenac 38 Sharbot Lake Sharbot Lake 1 Lift of Elizabeth St (inc. 4 (south end) SBGR) North South Road Colebrook Harrowsmith, RMP1 - Mill & Pave, 14 2030 0.50 10100 $143 Frontenac 38 Road East End of Curb & 1 Lift Gutter Frontenac Road RMP1 - Mill & Pave, 13 1000 Centre Street Hitchcock 0.20 1234 $57 Islands 96 1 Lift South Road Piccadily North 13 2090 0.30 3846 Rout and Seal $2 Frontenac 38 Road Boundary Road Central/North Black Creek North 509 Robertsville PP1 - Pulverize and Replace culvert. 5 - 12 4000 Frontenac 1.80 650 $284 Culvert, 2.4 km N Frontenac (Class Road Pave 1 Lift ($405,000, 2017) Fair/Good Boundary of Ardoch Rd 4) Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and 12 1050 Third Line Second Line 1.40 934 $221 Islands 96 Pave 1 Lift Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and 1 - 12 1070 Seventh Line Eighth Line 1.30 814 $205 Islands 96 Pave 1 Lift Fair/Good Road Mississippi River 4 - 2 Poor Mississippi Elphin- North 509 PP1 - Pulverize and Bridge, 1.1 km Replace Bridge. Need 11 4020 River Bridge Maberley 1.11 650 $175 Frontenac (Class Pave 1 Lift South of Elphin- ($2,000,000, 2013) Repair, 2 North to Road 4) Maberley Road Fair 4 - incl. 1 County Road 38 Works yard. SBGR, 1 3- Central Road Township RO1 - Hot Mix Box Culvert, 11 3000 8.7 km North 8.70 3846 $1,417 N/A CGR Poor Frontenac 38 Boundary Overlay, 1 Lift 500m North of of Boundary Needs Westport Road Repair Frontenac Road Seventeenth PP1 - Pulverize and 11 1160 Sixteenth Line 1.30 274 $205 Islands 96 Line Pave 1 Lift Road 4.4 km West of North 506 Boundary Westerly 0.9 PP1 - Pulverize and 5 - 10 4450 0.90 540 $142 Frontenac (Class between km Pave 1 Lift Fair/Good 4) Wards 1 & 2 Road 14.85 km West 1 - North 506 of Boundary Westerly to PP1 - Pulverize and 10 4520 1.90 540 $300 Fair/Good Frontenac (Class between Hwy 41 Pave 1 Lift (SBGR) 4) Wards 1 & 2 Frontenac Road RO1 - Hot Mix 10 1180 Eighteenth Nineteenth 1.30 154 $212 Islands 96 Overlay, 1 Lift

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Frontenac Road Seventeenth RO1 - Hot Mix 10 1170 Eighteenth 3.30 214 $538 Islands 96 Line Overlay, 1 Lift Frontenac Road Stephenson PP1 - Pulverize and 9 1240 Ridgeroad 2.30 709 $363 Islands 95 Lane Pave 1 Lift Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and 9 1090 Ninth Line Tenth Line 1.40 694 $221 Islands 96 Pave 1 Lift Hinchinbrooke Workks Yard, Central Road Landfill Site, RO1 - Hot Mix 5 - 9 3010 8.7 km North 3.50 3616 $570 Frontenac 38 12.2 km North Overlay, 1 Lift Fair/Good of Boundary of Boundary Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and 9 1100 Tenth Line Eleventh Line 1.30 634 $205 Islands 96 Pave 1 Lift Road North 506 0.25 km West Westerly 1.1 PP1 - Pulverize and 6 - 9 4300 1.10 580 $174 Frontenac (Class of Road 509 km Pave 1 Lift Fair/Good 4) Road North 506 2.05 km West Westerly 0.16 PP1 - Pulverize and 9 4320 0.16 580 $25 Frontenac (Class of Road 509 km Pave 1 Lift 4) Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and 9 1110 Eleventh Liine Twelveth Line 3.20 574 $505 Islands 96 Pave 1 Lift Road 1.9 km West of North 506 Boundary Westerly 2.5 PP1 - Pulverize and 9 4440 2.50 540 $394 Frontenac (Class between km Pave 1 Lift 4) Wards 1 & 2 Road 12.55 km West North 506 of Boundary Westerly 1.44 PP1 - Pulverize and 9 4500 1.44 540 $227 Frontenac (Class between km Pave 1 Lift 4) Wards 1 & 2 Road 13.85 km West North 506 of Boundary Westerly 1.0 PP1 - Pulverize and 9 4510 1.00 540 $158 Frontenac (Class between km Pave 1 Lift 4) Wards 1 & 2 Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and 9 1120 Twelveth Line Thirteenth Line 1.30 514 $205 Islands 96 Pave 1 Lift

Notes: 1. Priorities in descending order. The higher the priority rating the greater the need. 2. Rehabilitation strategy to be confirmed by geotechnical investigations at detail design. 3. Timing of storm sewer work should be considered in conjunction with road reconstruction and vice versa, where applicable.

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6.3 Road Maintenance

Preventative road and roadside maintenance is critical to prolonging the useful service life of a road and maximizing the capital investment. A continuous road and roadside maintenance program is recommended to reduce the road degradation rates. This can either be accomplished through dedicated internal Township forces or sub- contracting to private contractors. Ditch cleanout and clearing of vegetation from the right-of-way should be carried out on a regular basis. Consideration may be given to a dedicated capital program of ditch cleanout and clearing, to ensure resources are dedicated to these important activities.

6.4 Guide Rail

A total of 301 guide rail installations were inventoried throughout the corridor, including 26 installations of steel beam guide rail (SBGR); the remainder being 3-cable guide rail (3-CGR). Of the 301 installations, 13 were identified as requiring repair, the remainder being in fair/good condition. Those road sections with guide rail installations requiring repair are noted in the road inventory summary table in Appendix A.

7.0 Discussion

In general, the corridor is considered to be in fair to good overall condition with deficiencies as identified herein. A focus toward maintenance and resurfacing of the existing road network to extend the life of the “good” roads while making continued strategic capital improvements to the road inventories is required to ensure the overall health of the system.

Upgrading of surface treated roads to asphalt pavement, where traffic volumes warrant, should be considered as the existing surface treatment deteriorates. Given the traffic loading, increased rates of surface treatment deterioration are expected. Allocation of a portion of the annual surface treatment resurfacing budget to hot mix is appropriate.

As a corridor, the road segments exhibit similar characteristics with the exception of Road 509. A change in road surface (hot mix to surface treatment) as well as a general reduction in pavement/shoulder widths is evident. A motorist travelling the corridor from “top to bottom” would realize a difference in the road through the above noted section and would have to revise their driving style accordingly. The recommended upgrades to road surface and accompanying opportunity for minor roadbed widening will help to establish consistency in the corridor.

7.1 Structures

D.M. Wills Associates Limited (“Wills”) was retained by the Townships under a separate assignment to complete detailed visual inspections of their structure inventory in

D.M. Wills Associates Limited Page 26 Project Number 12-4449 Frontenac Corridor Study 2013 Townships of Frontenac Islands, South, Central and North Frontenac accordance with the Public Transportation and Improvement Act. Specifically, Ontario Regulation 104/97 ‘Standards for Bridges’ made under the Act requires that:

“The structural integrity, safety and condition of every bridge shall be determined through the performance of at least one inspection in every second calendar year under the direction of a professional engineer and in accordance with the Ontario Structure Inspection Manual …”

A summary of the structures contained within the Frontenac Corridor is included in this report for the purpose of integrated capital planning, where feasible. The recommended bridge works and relative costs are included in the summary and also included in the road inventory summary in Appendix A.

Table 7: Corridor Structure Summary Frontenac Corridor Structure Inventory Capital Road Estimated Budget Structure Name Location Recommended Works Priority Section Costs Year No. South Frontenac 2012 Murvale Creek Culvert 700 m N of Murton Rd N/A $ - 2000 2012 Culvert Under Road 38 1.9 km N of Rutledge Rd N/A $ - 2040 Concrete repairs to abutment wall; 2012 Verona Bridge S of Bellrock Rd replacement of expansion joints. >2018$ 204,000 2050 2012 Road 38 Culvert 400 m N of Desert Lake Rd Repair barrel concrete. >2018$ 19,500 2080 Central Frontenac 2013 County Road 38 Box Culvert 500 m N of Westport Rd N/A $ - 3000 2013 County Road 38 Box Culvert 10 m S of York Road N/A $ - 3020 County Road 38 Concrete 2013 300 m S of Wagarville Rd N/A Open Frame Culvert $ - 3030 County Road 38 Concrete Box 2013 200 m N of Hempton Rd N/A Culvert $ - 3070 County Road 38 Concrete Box 2013 200 m N of Shibley Rd N/A Culvert $ - 3090 400 m S of Elizabeth St (south 2013 County Road 38 Bridge N/A end) $ - 3100 Railing replacement and concrete 150 m N of Elizabeth St (north 2013 County Road 38 Overpass repairs. Consider Replacement with end) Culvert for Trail. 2015 $ 322,500 3110 2013 Road 509 Bridge 5.9 km N of Hwy 7 N/A $ - 3130 North Frontenac 2012 Black Creek Culvert 2.4 km N of Ardoch Rd Replace culverts. 2017 $ 405,000 4000

2012 Mississippi River Bridge 1.10 km S of Elphin-Maberly Rd Replace Bridge 2013 $ 2,000,000 4020 2.35 km N of Elphin-Maberly 2012 Antome Creek Culvert Replace north end of culvert. Rd 2015 $ 91,000 4030 Replacement of posts, bracing, repair 2012 Buckshot Creek Bridge 2.4 km E of Mountain Rd of concrete and repave deck. 2014 $ 52,000 4260 Replace or rehabilitate culvert (invert 2012 Buckshot Creek Culvert 250 m E of James Rd pave). Add rock protection to all embankments and replace guide rail. 2016 $ 295,000 4260 2012 Buckshot Creek Bridge 100 m E of Buckshot Lake Rd N/A $ - 4280 2012 Swamp Creek Culvert 2 km W of Ardoch Rd N/A $ - 4350

2012 Myer Cave Road 200 m E of Myers Cave Rd Replace bearings and expansion joints. >2018$ 170,000 4470

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7.2 Replacement Cost

In conjunction with the corridor assessment study, a replacement cost for the road asset was calculated based strictly on roadbed materials i.e. sub-base, base and surface. Road design standards noted in Table 3 were used to estimate the existing depth of road bed materials for the purpose of the replacement cost calculation.

The total replacement cost for the Frontenac Corridor road infrastructure is approximately $ 50.2 Million.

Note this cost represents the theoretical road bed materials costs only and does not include items such as signs, pavement markings, lighting, drainage infrastructure, guide rail etc.

7.3 Prioritization of Projects

The Townships have developed levels of service (LOS) for their roads and bridges. The respective LOS sets the benchmark or expectations of the townships and their constituents/ratepayers. The prioritization of projects within each class of asset and across the various classes of assets may still be required where financing limitations or emergency activities are required. In general, project prioritization shall be undertaken using the following criteria:

 User safety  Life-cycle cost and remaining service life  Risk management  Size of User Group (e.g. Volume of traffic for roads, number of bridge users)  Economic Development  Recreation  Aesthetics

7.4 Integrated Capital Planning

While it is important to manage each asset group as a system, e.g. road network, bridge network etc., it is also important to understand and implement an integrated capital planning approach to realize maximum value for money and economies of scale, and ensure the full service life is realized from each capital asset investment. As an example, it is not economical or feasible to replace a road in Year 1, only to go back and replace services beneath the road, and have to replace the road again on 5 years later. The scheduling and prioritizing of projects should be an integrated approach across related assets.

The following integrated capital planning practices shall be adopted by the municipality in developing work priorities.

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 Replacement of underground services beneath a road surface shall be coordinated with renewal of the road base and/or surface, wherever feasible, and vice versa.

 Road rehabilitation work adjacent to structures planned for replacement shall be considered for tender with the structure replacement work or after structure work is complete.

 Culvert replacements shall be done in conjunction with road rehabilitations wherever possible.

 Road and bridge priorities shall give due consideration to short and long term development plans. E.g. turning lane requirements, utility cuts etc

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Statement of Limitations

This report has been prepared by D.M. Wills Associates on behalf of the Townships of South, Central and North Frontenac and Frontenac Islands. The conclusions and recommendations in this report are based on available background documentation and discussions with applicable Township staff at the time of preparation.

The report is intended to document the 2013 Corridor Roads Needs Study findings and assist the Township in developing asset management plans for investment into their road network.

Any use which a third party makes of this report, other than as a Road Needs Study is the responsibility of such third parties. D.M. Wills Associates Limited accepts no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by a third party as a result of decisions made or action taken based on using this report for purposes other than as a summary of the 2013 Road Needs Study findings.

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Appendix A Road Needs Summary Spreadsheet

Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Critical Deficiency

Operating Revised Corridor AADT Preliminary Guiderail (# Speed Priority Length Surface Surface Struct. Cost Structure Recommended Roadside Surface Platform Surface Shoulder Terrain and Soil Speed (km/h) - # of Road Priority Section Township Road Name Location - From To Est./Act. - AADT Drain Improvement inst. - Drain Limit Traffic Operation Rating (km) Type Width Adequc. ($1,000'S) Location Structure Work Environment Type Width (m) Width (m) Width (m) Type Comfort Lanes Class Rating* No. Year Recommendation condition) (km/h) Criteria

Verona Concrete repairs South Lions Club Road Two Way 27 27 2050 Road 38 Leonard Pit 3.90 10800 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $1,082 Bridge, South to abutment wall; 5 - Fair/Good 14.2 7.4 3.4 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 800 Frontenac Curb & Gutter Undivided of Bellrock replacement of PP2 - Pulverize and Pave expansion joints. A-2011-C 2 Lifts ($204,000, >2018) R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

Frontenac (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 20 21 1060 Road 96 Centre Street Seventh Line 0.60 874 ADEQ ADEQ 1-5 6 - 10 $643 U 9.8 6.5 N/A (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch 40 40 2 C/R Islands Flat Undivided Recon 2U - Full A-2012-E Reconstruction + 2 Lifts HCB Road 38 Culvert, 400m South Desert Lake Road 4 - Two Way 34 21 2080 Road 38 Piccadily Road 3.60 3846 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $818 North of Repair barrel 12.5 6.7 2.9 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 700 Frontenac North Fair/Good Undivided PP2 - Pulverize and Pave Desert Lake concrete. A-2013-C 2 Lifts Road ($19,500, >2018) R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

South (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 18 20 2060 Road 38 Lions Club Road Pine Ridge Road 1.20 7000 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Recon 2U - Full $1,287 9 9 N/A 40 50 2 C/R Frontenac Flat Undivided A-2013-E Reconstruction + 2 Lifts U HCB (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch Culvert Under Road South 38, 1.9 km Two Way 18 18 2040 Road 38 End of Curb & Gutter Leonard Pit 4.75 10100 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $38 N/A 2 - Fair/Good 14 7 3.5 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 60/80 80 2 800 Frontenac north of Undivided Rutledge A-2012-C Rout and Seal Road R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac Recon 2S - Full (DS) Ditch and Storm (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 28 18 1010 Road 96 Hitchcock Hillcrest 0.60 1174 ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $395 S 8.7 7.1 0.8 40 40 2 C/R Islands A-2012-E Reconstruction + 2 Lifts HCB Sewer Rolling Undivided South Recon 2S - Full Two Way 17 17 2070 Road 38 Pine Ridge Road Desert Lake Road 0.50 3846 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $329 13.5 7.5 3 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 50 80 2 700 Frontenac A-2013-E Reconstruction + 2 Lifts R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Undivided

Murvale Creek South Boundary at Murton Two Way 17 17 2000 Road 38 Yarker road 1.70 7600 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $14 Culvert, 700m N/A 3 - Fair/Good 15.5 8.1 3.7 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 90 2 800 Frontenac Rd Undivided north of Murton Road A-2013-E Rout and Seal R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

South Harrowsmith South (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 17 17 2010 Road 38 Yarker Road 3.50 7600 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $28 2 - Fair/Good 13 7 3 80 90 2 800 Frontenac Boundary Rolling Undivided A-2013-E Rout and Seal R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

Frontenac (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 25 17 1210 Road 95 School Baseline 2.05 709 ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 Recon 2S - Full $1,349 R 8 6.7 0.65 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands Rolling Undivided A-2012-C Reconstruction + 2 Lifts HCB

Frontenac (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 30 17 1260 Road 95 Seventh Line End 2.10 709 ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $582 R 6.4 6.4 0 (OD) Open Ditch 80 60 2 400 Islands PP2 - Pulverize and Pave Rolling Undivided A-2012-E 2 Lifts HCB Road 509 18 - Central Burke Settlement Bridge, 5.9 Two Way 25 16 3130 Road 509 Ardoch Road 5.80 607 NOW ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $915 N/A Fair/Good 9.6 6.2 1.7 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac Road PP1 - Pulverize and km North of Undivided (incl. 2 SBGR) A-2012-C Pave 1 Lift Hwy 7 R ST (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac Recon 2U - Full (DS) Ditch and Storm (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 15 16 1200 Road 95 Road 96 School 0.25 709 ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $268 U 7.7 7.7 N/A 40/80 2 C/R Islands A-2012-E Reconstruction + 2 Lifts HCB Sewer Rolling Undivided Frontenac PP2 - Pulverize and Pave (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 34 16 1250 Road 95 Stephenson Seventh Line 1.00 709 ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $277 R 6.2 6.2 0 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E 2 Lifts HCB Rolling Undivided

South Harrowsmith South (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 15 15 2020 Road 38 Colebrook Road East 1.10 7600 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $9 13 7 3 50 50 2 800 Frontenac Boundary A-2012-C Rout and Seal R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Rolling Undivided

County Road Central South Limit of Sharbot North Limit of Sharbot 38 Bridge, 6 - Fair/Good Two Way 13 15 3100 Road 38 2.10 3007 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $601 N/A 10.8 7.2 N/A (RR) Rocky, Rolling 60/40 60 2 C/R Frontenac Lake Lake 400 m S of (inc. 4 SBGR) Undivided Elizabeth St A-2012-E RMP1 - Mill & Pave, 1 Lift (south end) U HCB (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch Central Burke Settlement PP1 - Pulverize and Two Way 15 14 3120 Road 509 Highway 7 3.50 607 NOW ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $552 11 6.8 2.1 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 70 2 400 Frontenac Road A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift R ST (OD) Open Ditch Undivided

Central Central/North Two Way 14 14 3140 Road 509 Ardoch Road 1.30 607 NOW ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $205 4 - Fair/Good 11 6.5 2.25 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac Frontenac Boundary Undivided A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift R ST (OD) Open Ditch

South North Harrowsmith, (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 12 14 2030 Road 38 Colebrook Road East 0.50 10100 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $143 13 7 N/A 50 50 2 C/R Frontenac End of Curb & Gutter Rolling Undivided A-2013-E RMP1 - Mill & Pave, 1 Lift U HCB (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch

Frontenac (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 17 14 1080 Road 96 Eighth Line Ninth Line 1.60 754 NOW ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $252 R 9.2 6.8 1.2 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands Rolling Undivided A-2012-C Pave 1 Lift ST Frontenac (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 12 13 1000 Road 96 Centre Street Hitchcock 0.20 1234 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $57 U 9.8 9.8 N/A (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch 40 40 2 C/R Islands A-2012-E RMP1 - Mill & Pave, 1 Lift HCB Rolling Undivided

South (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 27 13 2090 Road 38 Piccadily Road North Boundary 0.30 3846 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $2 12.2 6.7 2.75 80 80 2 700 Frontenac A-2013-E Rout and Seal R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Rolling Undivided Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Replacement Cost per m Total Replacement Cost

Revised Surface Level of Maint. Condition Horiz Align Vert Align Shoulder Surface Width Str. Adeq. Condition Length Road Name Location - From To Condition Service Drain (15)* Demand Rating Photo ID Comments Surface Base Sub-Base Surface Base Sub-Base (10) (10) Width (10) (R-15, U-25) (20)* Rating (km) (10)* (20) (10)* (100) (55)*

Asphalt repaving and patching. Few Lions Club Road Road 38 Leonard Pit 10 10 7 10 15 0 15 14 6 87 42 7 transverse cracks. 5 guiderail installations. 3.9 135.98$ 132.91$ 129.36$ $ 530,302.50 $ 518,356.80 $ 504,504.00 Curb & Gutter C&G and 60km/h at Bellrock road

Curb and Sidewalk for ~250m, both sides. 5932, Sidewalk on one side (alternating) for an 5959, Road 96 Centre Street Seventh Line N/A N/A 6 1 25 20 11 13 6 82 36 additional approx.350m. Platform narrows 0.6 238.88$ 60.84$ 64.68$ $ 143,325.00 $ 36,504.00 $ 38,808.00 5960, east of going street, approaching seventh 5961 line.

Some localized shoulder patching. 4 guiderail Desert Lake Road Road 38 Piccadily Road 10 10 7 9.64 7 0 15 14 6 78 42 9 installations. PPS, FPS on hills. Rougher ride 3.6 123.11$ 117.00$ 115.08$ $ 443,205.00 $ 421,200.00 $ 414,288.00 North than previous.

Longitudinal cracks. Slight wheel rutting in Road 38 Lions Club Road Pine Ridge Road N/A N/A 7 1 25 20 16 14 7 90 44 8 Verona. Widens to 9.5m platform north end of 1.2 330.75$ 84.24$ 85.68$ $ 396,900.00 $ 101,088.00 $ 102,816.00 village.

2 Guide Rail. Severe, regular transverse Road 38 End of Curb & Gutter Leonard Pit 10 10 7 10 15 0 17 14 8 91 46 6 cracks, not sealed. PPS. Curb and gutter, 4.75 128.63$ 131.04$ 127.68$ $ 610,968.75 $ 622,440.00 $ 606,480.00 sewers in Harrington. 60km/h in Harrington.

Road 96 Hitchcock Hillcrest N/A N/A 7 1 15 20 13 13 7 76 40 5934 curb stops after ~100ft 0.6 130.46$ 81.43$ 83.16$ $ 78,277.50 $ 48,859.20 $ 49,896.00

Road 38 Pine Ridge Road Desert Lake Road 10 10 7 10 15 0 16 14 7 89 44 9 FPS. Aged asphalt. 0.5 137.81$ 126.36$ 123.48$ $ 68,906.25 $ 63,180.00 $ 61,740.00

3 Guide Rail, fully paved shoulders at hills. Boundary at Murton Road 38 Yarker road 10 10 7 10 15 0 17 14 8 91 46 1, 2 Severe, regular transverse cracks, not sealed. 1.7 148.84$ 145.08$ 140.28$ $ 253,023.75 $ 246,636.00 $ 238,476.00 Rd PPS

Harrowsmith South 2 Guide Rail. Severe, regular transverse Road 38 Yarker Road 10 10 7 10 15 0 17 14 8 91 46 3 3.5 128.63$ 121.68$ 119.28$ $ 450,187.50 $ 425,880.00 $ 417,480.00 Boundary cracks, not sealed. PPS

5944, Road 95 School Baseline 10 10 6 2.35 15 0 13 14 6 76 39 5945, first 100m worse than rest. 2.05 123.11$ 74.88$ 77.28$ $ 252,380.63 $ 153,504.00 $ 158,424.00 5946 5955, 5956, Curve warning (50km) in place. Shoulders Road 95 Seventh Line End 9 10 6 1 12 0 13 14 6 71 39 2.1 117.60$ 59.90$ 63.84$ $ 246,960.00 $ 125,798.40 $ 134,064.00 5957, overgrown. 5958

Significant edge breakup and patching .18 Burke Settlement Road 509 Ardoch Road 10 10 7 10 7 0 14 12 6 76 39 25 guiderail incl. 2 SBGR. Low marsh area within 5.8 43.54$ 89.86$ 90.72$ $ 252,532.00 $ 521,164.80 $ 526,176.00 Road limit, poor drainage. Several rock cuts.

Road 95 Road 96 School N/A N/A 6 1 25 20 13 14 7 86 40 curb/sidewalk for first 200m only 0.25 282.98$ 72.07$ 74.76$ $ 70,743.75 $ 18,018.00 $ 18,690.00

Road 95 Stephenson Seventh Line 10 10 7 1 7 0 13 14 6 68 40 5954 Shoulders overgrown 1 113.93$ 58.03$ 62.16$ $ 113,925.00 $ 58,032.00 $ 62,160.00

Harrowsmith South Road 38 Colebrook Road East 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 14 8 92 47 4 1m PPS, trasverse cracking, not sealed. 1.1 128.63$ 121.68$ 119.28$ $ 141,487.50 $ 133,848.00 $ 131,208.00 Boundary

SS/SW one side only at south limit to Elizabeth South Limit of Sharbot North Limit of Sharbot St. and from south of Cannon Road to limit. 6 Road 38 N/A N/A 8 1 25 20 16 14 7 91 45 22 2.1 264.60$ 67.39$ 70.56$ $ 555,660.00 $ 141,523.20 $ 148,176.00 Lake Lake guiderail incl. 4 SBGR. Platform narrows where curb only one side to two lanes.

Burke Settlement Significant edge breakup and patching.15 Road 509 Highway 7 10 9 7 10 15 0 14 14 6 85 41 24 3.5 43.54$ 102.96$ 102.48$ $ 152,390.00 $ 360,360.00 $ 358,680.00 Road guiderail Significant edge breakup and patching .4 Central/North Road 509 Ardoch Road 10 10 7 10 15 0 14 14 6 86 41 26 guiderail. Significant commercial traffic 1.3 43.54$ 102.96$ 102.48$ $ 56,602.00 $ 133,848.00 $ 133,224.00 Frontenac Boundary (dump trucks) Hwy 7 to Robertsvillle Road

North Harrowsmith, 3m parking/shoulder. Curb both sides, grass Road 38 Colebrook Road East N/A N/A 8 1 25 20 18 14 8 94 48 5 0.5 257.25$ 65.52$ 68.88$ $ 128,625.00 $ 32,760.00 $ 34,440.00 End of Curb & Gutter blvd,concrete sidewalk both sides.

5964, Combination HCB and ST, changes to ST @ Road 96 Eighth Line Ninth Line 10 10 8 7.3 15 0 13 14 7 84 42 5965, 1.6 43.54$ 86.11$ 87.36$ $ 69,664.00 $ 137,779.20 $ 139,776.00 Hwy 7051. Wheel rutting. 5966 Village, curb both sides, sidewalk one side, Road 96 Centre Street Hitchcock N/A N/A 7 1 25 20 17 14 6 90 44 5933 0.2 360.15$ 91.73$ 92.40$ $ 72,030.00 $ 18,345.60 $ 18,480.00 parking one side

Road 38 Piccadily Road North Boundary 10 10 8 9.1 7 0 17 14 8 83 47 10 PPS 0.3 123.11$ 114.19$ 112.56$ $ 36,933.75 $ 34,257.60 $ 33,768.00 Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Critical Deficiency

Black Creek North Road 509 Central/North Culvert, 2.4 Replace culvert. Two Way 12 12 4000 Robertsville Road 1.80 650 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $284 5 - Fair/Good 9.8 6.5 1.65 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Frontenac Boundary PP1 - Pulverize and km N of ($405,000, 2017) Undivided A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift Ardoch Rd R ST (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and Two Way 22 12 1050 Road 96 Third Line Second Line 1.40 934 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $221 R 6.7 6.7 0 (OD) Open Ditch (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Undivided Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 17 12 1070 Road 96 Seventh Line Eighth Line 1.30 814 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $205 1 - Fair/Good R 12 7 2.5 (OD) Open Ditch 40/80 40/80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift HCB Rolling Undivided Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 21 12 1230 Road 95 Reed's Bay Ridgeroad 1.20 709 NOW ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $189 R 7 7 0 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Rolling Undivided

Mississippi River Bridge, 4 - 2 Poor North Road 509 Mississippi River Bridge Elphin-Maberley 1.1 km South Two Way 16 11 4020 1.11 650 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $175 Need Repair, R 10 6.5 1 (OD) Open Ditch (RR) Rocky, Rolling 50 50 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) North to Road of Elphin- Undivided 2 Fair Maberley PP1 - Pulverize and Replace Bridge. Road A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift ($2,000,000, 2013) ST

County Road 38 Box 4 - incl. 1 Central Works yard. 8.7 km Culvert, 500m SBGR, 1 3- Two Way 12 11 3000 Road 38 Township Boundary 8.70 3846 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $1,417 N/A 13 7.4 2.8 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 85 2 700 Frontenac North of Boundary North of CGR Poor Undivided RO1 - Hot Mix Overlay, 1 Westport Needs Repair A-2012/13-E Lift Road R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 19 11 1160 Road 96 Sixteenth Line Seventeenth Line 1.30 274 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $205 R 7.5 6.2 0.65 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 300 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift HCB Rolling Undivided Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 20 10 1220 Road 95 Baseline Reed's Bay Road 2.40 709 NOW ADEQ 6 - 10 6 - 10 $379 R 7 7 0 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Rolling Undivided 4.4 km West of North Road 506 Two Way 10 10 4450 Boundary between Westerly 0.9 km 0.90 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $142 5 - Fair/Good 10.4 6.8 1.8 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Undivided Wards 1 & 2 A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift R ST (OD) Open Ditch

14.85 km West of 1 - North Road 506 (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 10 10 4520 Boundary between Westerly to Hwy 41 1.90 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $300 Fair/Good 11.4 7 2.2 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) PP1 - Pulverize and Flat Undivided Wards 1 & 2 (SBGR) A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift R ST (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac RO1 - Hot Mix Overlay, 1 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 16 10 1180 Road 96 Eighteenth Nineteenth 1.30 154 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $212 R 7.3 6.4 0.45 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 200 Islands A-2012-E Lift HCB Rolling Undivided Frontenac RO1 - Hot Mix Overlay, 1 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 16 10 1170 Road 96 Seventeenth Line Eighteenth 3.30 214 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $538 R 7.7 6.3 0.7 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 300 Islands A-2012-E Lift HCB Rolling Undivided Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 20 9 1240 Road 95 Ridgeroad Stephenson Lane 2.30 709 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $363 R 7 7 0 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Rolling Undivided Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 14 9 1090 Road 96 Ninth Line Tenth Line 1.40 694 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $221 R 9 7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Rolling Undivided

Hinchinbrooke Central Workks Yard, 8.7 km Two Way 12 9 3010 Road 38 Landfill Site, 12.2 km 3.50 3616 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $570 5 - Fair/Good 12 7 2.5 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 85 2 700 Frontenac North of Boundary RO1 - Hot Mix Overlay, 1 Undivided North of Boundary A-2012/13-E Lift R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 14 9 1100 Road 96 Tenth Line Eleventh Line 1.30 634 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $205 R 9 6.7 1.15 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Rolling Undivided

North Road 506 0.25 km West of Road (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 9 4300 Westerly 1.1 km 1.10 580 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $174 6 - Fair/Good R 10.4 6.8 1.8 50 50 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) 509 Flat Undivided A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift ST (OD) Open Ditch North Road 506 2.05 km West of Road PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 9 4320 Westerly 0.16 km 0.16 580 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $25 R 10.3 6.7 1.8 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) 509 A-2012-C Pave 1 Lift ST (OD) Open Ditch Rolling Undivided Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 19 9 1110 Road 96 Eleventh Liine Twelveth Line 3.20 574 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $505 R 8 7 0.5 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Rolling Undivided 1.9 km West of North Road 506 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 9 4440 Boundary between Westerly 2.5 km 2.50 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $394 10.7 7.1 1.8 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Rolling Undivided Wards 1 & 2 A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift R ST (OD) Open Ditch 12.55 km West of North Road 506 (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 9 4500 Boundary between Westerly 1.44 km 1.44 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $227 11.7 6.9 2.4 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Flat Undivided Wards 1 & 2 A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift R ST (OD) Open Ditch 13.85 km West of North Road 506 (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 21 9 4510 Boundary between Westerly 1.0 km 1.00 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 PP1 - Pulverize and $158 10.9 7 1.95 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Flat Undivided Wards 1 & 2 A-2013-E Pave 1 Lift R ST (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac PP1 - Pulverize and (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 19 9 1120 Road 96 Twelveth Line Thirteenth Line 1.30 514 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 $205 R 8.2 7 0.6 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E Pave 1 Lift ST Rolling Undivided Frontenac (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 18 8 1130 Road 96 Thirteenth Line Fourteenth Line 3.60 454 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.5 7 0.75 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E ST Rolling Undivided

6 - 5 North Road 509 Fair/Good, 1 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 8 8 4230 River Road Westerly Ward 3 Boundary 3.40 660 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 9.6 6.6 1.5 (OD) Open Ditch 50 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) SBGR Poor Rolling Undivided Needs Repair

A-2013-E ST Frontenac (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 17 8 1140 Road 96 Fourteenth Line Fifteenth Line 1.30 394 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.2 6.8 0.7 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 300 Islands A-2012-E ST Flat Undivided

North Road 509 Robertsvillee Road Mississippi River 19 - (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 8 8 4010 5.45 650 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10 6.5 1.75 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) N'ly Bridge Fair/Good Rolling Undivided A-2013-E ST Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Replacement Cost per m Total Replacement Cost

Significant edge breakup and patching . 5 Road 509 Central/North Robertsville Road 10 10 8 10 15 0 15 14 6 88 43 27 guiderail. Significant commercial traffic 1.8 43.54$ 91.73$ 92.40$ $ 78,372.00 $ 165,110.40 $ 166,320.00 (Class 4) Frontenac Boundary (dump trucks) Hwy 7 to Robertsvillle Road

Road 96 Third Line Second Line 10 10 7 1 15 0 16 13 8 80 44 5939 limited ditching. 1.4 43.54$ 62.71$ 66.36$ $ 60,956.00 $ 87,796.80 $ 92,904.00

Guide rail along bay. Shoulder in urban area Road 96 Seventh Line Eighth Line 5 10 7 10 15 0 16 14 7 84 44 5962 1.3 128.63$ 112.32$ 110.88$ $ 167,212.50 $ 146,016.00 $ 144,144.00 is 3.0m and 2.0. Curve warning signs in place.

Road 95 Reed's Bay Ridgeroad 10 10 8 1 15 0 14 14 8 80 44 5949 older ST that adjacent section (above) 1.2 43.54$ 65.52$ 68.88$ $ 52,248.00 $ 78,624.00 $ 82,656.00

Road 509 Mississippi River Bridge Elphin-Maberley 50 km/h through Snow Road Stn. 4 guiderail 2 10 10 7 5.5 15 0 16 14 7 85 44 29 1.11 43.54$ 93.60$ 94.08$ $ 48,329.40 $ 103,896.00 $ 104,428.80 (Class 4) North to Road in need of repair.

E/P cracking. Surface good base "wavey". Works yard. 8.7 km Road 38 Township Boundary 10 10 9 9.28 15 0 16 14 9 92 48 11, 12 PPS. 4 guiderail incl. 1 SBGR, 1 3CGR in need 8.7 135.98$ 121.68$ 119.28$ $ 1,182,982.50 $ 1,058,616.00 $ 1,037,736.00 North of Boundary of repair.

Potential HCB ultrathin/overlay. Small pot Road 96 Sixteenth Line Seventeenth Line 8 10 7 2.35 15 0 16 13 6 77 42 5979 1.3 113.93$ 70.20$ 73.08$ $ 148,102.50 $ 91,260.00 $ 95,004.00 holes. Surface appears polished/smooth. 5947, Previous HCB overlaid by ST. Water collecting Road 95 Baseline Reed's Bay Road 10 10 9 1 15 0 13 14 9 81 45 2.4 43.54$ 65.52$ 68.88$ $ 104,496.00 $ 157,248.00 $ 165,312.00 5950 in wheel rutting 4.4 km West of Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 0.9 km 10 10 7 10 15 0 16 14 8 90 45 7 5 guiderail 0.9 43.54$ 97.34$ 97.44$ $ 39,186.00 $ 87,609.60 $ 87,696.00 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2

14.85 km West of Road 506 Rough ride, edge beakup and patching. 1 Boundary between Westerly to Hwy 41 10 10 7 10 15 0 17 14 7 90 45 1.9 43.54$ 106.70$ 105.84$ $ 82,726.00 $ 202,737.60 $ 201,096.00 (Class 4) SBGR Wards 1 & 2

Potential HCB ultrathin/overlay. Trees close to Road 96 Eighteenth Nineteenth 10 10 7 1 15 0 16 13 6 78 42 5985 1.3 117.60$ 68.33$ 71.40$ $ 152,880.00 $ 88,826.40 $ 92,820.00 road. 5982, Potential HCB ultrathin/overlay. Small pot Road 96 Seventeenth Line Eighteenth 9 10 7 2.8 15 0 16 14 6 80 43 3.3 115.76$ 72.07$ 74.76$ $ 382,016.25 $ 237,837.60 $ 246,708.00 5983 holes. Surface appears polished/smooth. 5951, Road 95 Ridgeroad Stephenson Lane 9 10 8 1 15 0 16 14 8 81 46 Chevrons in place at curve. 2.3 43.54$ 65.52$ 68.88$ $ 100,142.00 $ 150,696.00 $ 158,424.00 5954 5967, Road 96 Ninth Line Tenth Line 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 17 13 8 87 46 Possible ST over HCB. 1.4 43.54$ 84.24$ 85.68$ $ 60,956.00 $ 117,936.00 $ 119,952.00 5970

Hinchinbrooke Workks Yard, 8.7 km Slight E/P cracking. PPS, FPS on hill. 5 Road 38 Landfill Site, 12.2 km 10 10 9 8.2 15 0 17 14 9 92 49 13 3.5 128.63$ 112.32$ 110.88$ $ 450,187.50 $ 393,120.00 $ 388,080.00 North of Boundary guiderail. North of Boundary

Possible ST over HCB. Horizontal cufve @ end, Road 96 Tenth Line Eleventh Line 8 10 8 6.85 15 0 17 13 8 86 46 1.3 43.54$ 84.24$ 85.68$ $ 56,602.00 $ 109,512.00 $ 111,384.00 chevrons in place.

Road 506 0.25 km West of Road Breaking up at edges. Consider Hot Mix Westerly 1.1 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 13 8 91 46 1.1 43.54$ 97.34$ 97.44$ $ 47,894.00 $ 107,078.40 $ 107,184.00 (Class 4) 509 Overlay on next resurfacing. 6 guiderail

Road 506 2.05 km West of Road Westerly 0.16 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 14 7 91 46 0.16 43.54$ 96.41$ 96.60$ $ 6,966.40 $ 15,425.28 $ 15,456.00 (Class 4) 509 Possible ST over HCB. Chevrons in place at Road 96 Eleventh Liine Twelveth Line 9 10 8 1 15 0 17 13 8 81 46 3.2 43.54$ 74.88$ 77.28$ $ 139,328.00 $ 239,616.00 $ 247,296.00 curve. 1.9 km West of Edgebreakup and patching predominantly at Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 2.5 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 14 7 91 46 curves. Consider Hot Mix Overlay on next 2.5 43.54$ 100.15$ 99.96$ $ 108,850.00 $ 250,380.00 $ 249,900.00 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 resurfacing. 12.55 km West of Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 1.44 km 10 10 7 10 15 0 18 14 7 91 46 Rough ride, edge beakup and patching. 1.44 43.54$ 109.51$ 108.36$ $ 62,697.60 $ 157,697.28 $ 156,038.40 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 13.85 km West of Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 1.0 km 4 4 7 10 15 0 18 14 7 79 46 Rough ride, edge beakup and patching. 1 43.54$ 102.02$ 101.64$ $ 43,540.00 $ 102,024.00 $ 101,640.00 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 Possible ST over HCB. Chevrons in place at Road 96 Twelveth Line Thirteenth Line 8 10 8 1.9 15 0 17 13 8 81 46 1.3 43.54$ 76.75$ 78.96$ $ 56,602.00 $ 99,777.60 $ 102,648.00 curve. Possible ST over HCB. Chevrons in place at Road 96 Thirteenth Line Fourteenth Line 7 10 8 3.25 15 0 17 13 8 81 46 3.6 43.54$ 79.56$ 81.48$ $ 156,744.00 $ 286,416.00 $ 293,328.00 curve. Edge breakup and patching. 6 guiderail incl. 1 SBGR at Palmerston Lake,which requires repair. Rock cut close to road on inside of Road 509 River Road Westerly Ward 3 Boundary 10 10 8 10 15 0 18 14 7 92 47 31/32 curve at boundary. Impact to sight lines. 3.4 43.54$ 89.86$ 90.72$ $ 148,036.00 $ 305,510.40 $ 308,448.00 (Class 4) Consider removal with road rehab. if no existing operatioal or safety issues. No ditch at rock cut. Possible ST over HCB. Chevrons in place at Road 96 Fourteenth Line Fifteenth Line 8 10 8 2.8 15 0 17 13 8 82 46 1.3 43.54$ 76.75$ 78.96$ $ 56,602.00 $ 99,777.60 $ 102,648.00 curve.

Road 509 Robertsvillee Road Mississippi River Newly resurfaced with ST. south 80m. 50km/h 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 14 8 92 47 28 5.45 43.54$ 93.60$ 94.08$ $ 237,293.00 $ 510,120.00 $ 512,736.00 (Class 4) N'ly Bridge through Mississipi Stn. 19 guiderail. Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Critical Deficiency

Frontenac (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 14 8 1190 Road 96 Nineteenth End 2.70 94 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 6.5 6.5 0 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 200 Islands A-2012-E HCB Flat Undivided

Frontenac (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 32 8 1020 Road 96 Hillcrest fifth line 1.20 1114 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 6.4 6.4 0 (OD) Open Ditch 40/80 60 2 500 Islands Rolling Undivided A-2012-E ST Frontenac Two Way 18 8 1030 Road 96 Fifth Line Fourth Line 0.80 1054 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 1 - Fair/Good R 7 7 0 (OD) Open Ditch (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 500 Islands A-2012-E ST Undivided North Road 506 1.35 km West of Road Two Way 8 8 4310 Westerly 0.7 km 0.70 580 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 5 - Fair/Good R 10.1 6.8 1.65 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) 509 A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch Undivided Frontenac Two Way 23 8 1040 Road 96 Fourth Line Third Line 1.70 994 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 1 -Fair/Good R 6.7 6.7 0 (OD) Open Ditch (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Islands A-2012-E ST Undivided North Road 506 4.6 km West of Road (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 8 8 4340 Westerly 0.11 km 0.11 560 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10.3 6.7 1.8 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) 509 Westerly 0.11 km A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch Rolling Undivided Frontenac Two Way 16 8 1150 Road 96 Fifteeth Line Sixteenth Line 1.80 334 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 1 - Fair/Good R 8.2 6.8 0.7 (OD) Open Ditch (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 300 Islands A-2012-E ST Undivided

North Road 506 18 - (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 8 8 4400 North Road Westerly 0.6 km 0.60 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10 7 1.5 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Fair/Good Rolling Undivided A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch North Road 506 0.6 km West of North Two Way 8 8 4410 Westerly 1.50 km 1.50 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10 7 1.5 (RF) Rocky, Flat 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Road A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch Undivided Westerly to Boundary North Road 506 2.1 km West of North Two Way 8 8 4420 between Wards 1 & 2.58 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10 7 1.5 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Road A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch Undivided 2 11.20 km west of North Road 506 (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 10 8 4490 Boundary between Westerly 1.35 km 1.35 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 11.2 7 2.1 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Flat Undivided Wards 1 & 2 A-2013-E R ST (OD) Open Ditch

County Road Central Two Way 11 8 3030 Road 38 York Road Parham South Limits 2.60 3156 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 38 Concrete N/A 5 - Fair/Good 12.2 7.4 2.4 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 700 Frontenac Open Frame Undivided Culvert, 300m South of Wagarsville A-2012/13-E Road R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

30 - incl. 5 County Road SBGR - 1 Ducharme Road, 3.3 38 Concrete Central South Limit of Sharbot SBGR Poor Two Way 14 7 3090 Road 38 km North of Bradshaw 7.20 3007 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Box Culvert, 11 7.3 1.85 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 90 2 700 Frontenac Lake Needs Undivided Road 200m North Repair, Rest of Shibley Fair/Good A-2012-C Road R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

Railing Central North Limit of Sharbot replacement and Two Way 7 7 3110 Road 38 Highway 7 1.90 3007 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 4 - Fair/Good 13 7 3 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 70 70 2 700 Frontenac Lake County Road concrete repairs. Undivided 38 Overpass Consider Bridge, 150 m replacement with N of Elizabeth culvert for trail. A-2012-E St (north end) ($322,500, 2015) R HCB (OD) Open Ditch North Road 509 4.8 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 12 7 4160 Northerly 0.4 km 0.40 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.7 6.7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided North Road 509 5.2 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 12 7 4170 Northerly 2.95 km 2.95 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.7 6.7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided North Road 509 9.9 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 8 7 4190 Westerly 0.5 km 0.50 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 9.8 6.9 1.45 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided

North Road 509 2.75 km West of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 7 7 4250 Westerly 1.65 km 1.65 620 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 9.6 6.6 1.5 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Boundary Rolling Undivided A-2013-E ST Swamp Creek North Road 506 4.71 km West of Road (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 7 7 4350 Westerly 3.5 km 3.47 560 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Culvert, 2 km N/A 8 - Fair/Good R 11.7 6.9 2.4 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) 509 Rolling Undivided W of Ardoch A-2013-E Rd ST (OD) Open Ditch North Road 506 1.60 km West of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 10 7 4360 Westerly 2.0 km 2.00 560 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 5 - Fair/Good R 11 7 1.2 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Ardoch Road A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch Rolling Undivided

County Road 38 Concrete Central North Limit of 5 - Fair/Good Two Way 8 7 3070 Road 38 Bradshaw Road 1.15 2236 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Box Culvert, N/A 12 7.5 2.25 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 600 Frontenac Tichborne incl. 4- SBGR Undivided 200m North of Hempton A-2012/13-E Road R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

North Road 506 4.77 km West of Westerly to North (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 14 7 4390 1.45 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 2 - Fair/Good R 8.1 6.8 0.65 50 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Ardoch Road Westerly Road Rolling Undivided A-2012-C ST (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Replacement Cost per m Total Replacement Cost

Road 96 Nineteenth End 10 10 7 1 15 0 16 13 7 79 43 2.7 119.44$ 60.84$ 64.68$ $ 322,481.25 $ 164,268.00 $ 174,636.00

40 km/h changes to 80 at 0.8km from ferry at 5935, Road 96 Hillcrest fifth line 7 10 8 1 7 0 18 13 9 73 48 Mill Street. Embankment with guide rail. 1.2 43.54$ 59.90$ 63.84$ $ 52,248.00 $ 71,884.80 $ 76,608.00 5936 Curve warning signs posted. Guide rail, good cable, fair posts (similar Road 96 Fifth Line Fourth Line 10 10 8 1 15 0 18 14 8 84 48 5937 0.8 43.54$ 65.52$ 68.88$ $ 34,832.00 $ 52,416.00 $ 55,104.00 throughout) Road 506 1.35 km West of Road 5 guiderail. Consider Hot Mix Overlay on next Westerly 0.7 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 18 13 8 92 47 0.7 43.54$ 94.54$ 94.92$ $ 30,478.00 $ 66,175.20 $ 66,444.00 (Class 4) 509 resurfacing. Guide rail and embankment, curve warning Road 96 Fourth Line Third Line 8 8 8 1 15 0 18 14 8 80 48 5938 1.7 43.54$ 62.71$ 66.36$ $ 74,018.00 $ 106,610.40 $ 112,812.00 sign (60km) Road 506 4.6 km West of Road Westerly 0.11 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 18 14 7 92 47 0.11 43.54$ 96.41$ 96.60$ $ 4,789.40 $ 10,604.88 $ 10,626.00 (Class 4) 509 Westerly 0.11 km

Road 96 Fifteeth Line Sixteenth Line 8 10 8 2.8 15 0 17 13 8 82 46 Guiderail present. 1.8 43.54$ 76.75$ 78.96$ $ 78,372.00 $ 138,153.60 $ 142,128.00

Road 506 18 guiderail in total. Some edge breakup, but North Road Westerly 0.6 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 14 8 92 47 0.6 43.54$ 93.60$ 94.08$ $ 26,124.00 $ 56,160.00 $ 56,448.00 (Class 4) less than most likely due to wider surface.

Road 506 0.6 km West of North Westerly 1.50 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 14 8 92 47 1.5 43.54$ 93.60$ 94.08$ $ 65,310.00 $ 140,400.00 $ 141,120.00 (Class 4) Road Westerly to Boundary Road 506 2.1 km West of North between Wards 1 & 10 10 8 10 15 0 17 14 8 92 47 2.58 43.54$ 93.60$ 94.08$ $ 112,333.20 $ 241,488.00 $ 242,726.40 (Class 4) Road 2 11.20 km west of Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 1.35 km 8 10 8 10 15 0 18 14 7 90 47 Consider Hot Mix Overlay on next resurfacing. 1.35 43.54$ 104.83$ 104.16$ $ 58,779.00 $ 141,523.20 $ 140,616.00 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2

Slight E/P cracking. PPS, FS on curve. 5 Road 38 York Road Parham South Limits 10 10 9 7.84 15 0 19 13 9 93 50 15 guiderail. Significant rock outcrop east side. 2.6 135.98$ 114.19$ 112.56$ $ 353,535.00 $ 296,899.20 $ 292,656.00 Marshy south end.

Ducharme Road, 3.3 Significant E/P cracking. PPS, FPS on South Limit of Sharbot Road 38 km North of Bradshaw 10 10 9 5.86 15 0 19 13 9 91 50 20 curve/guiderail. 30 guiderail incl 5 SBGR. 1 7.2 134.14$ 102.96$ 102.48$ $ 965,790.00 $ 741,312.00 $ 737,856.00 Lake Road SBGR in need of repair.

North Limit of Sharbot Road 38 Highway 7 10 10 9 10 15 0 19 13 9 95 50 22 PPS, FPS on hill/curve. 4 guiderail. 1.9 128.63$ 121.68$ 119.28$ $ 244,387.50 $ 231,192.00 $ 226,632.00 Lake

Road 509 4.8 km North of Northerly 0.4 km 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 18 14 8 89 48 0.4 43.54$ 81.43$ 83.16$ $ 17,416.00 $ 32,572.80 $ 33,264.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road Road 509 5.2 km North of Northerly 2.95 km 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 18 14 8 89 48 2.95 43.54$ 81.43$ 83.16$ $ 128,443.00 $ 240,224.40 $ 245,322.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road Road 509 9.9 km North of Westerly 0.5 km 10 10 8 9.55 15 0 18 14 8 93 48 94 taken into account in sect 13 0.5 43.54$ 91.73$ 92.40$ $ 21,770.00 $ 45,864.00 $ 46,200.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road

Road 509 2.75 km West of Westerly 1.65 km 10 10 9 10 15 0 18 14 7 93 48 Edge breakup and patching. 1.65 43.54$ 89.86$ 90.72$ $ 71,841.00 $ 148,262.40 $ 149,688.00 (Class 4) Boundary

Road 506 4.71 km West of Road Westerly 3.5 km 10 10 9 10 15 0 19 13 7 93 48 8 guiderail. Edge breakup throughout. 3.47 43.54$ 109.51$ 108.36$ $ 151,083.80 $ 380,006.64 $ 376,009.20 (Class 4) 509

Road 506 1.60 km West of 5 guiderail combined. Edge break up and Westerly 2.0 km 10 10 9 7.3 15 0 19 13 7 90 48 2 43.54$ 102.96$ 102.48$ $ 87,080.00 $ 205,920.00 $ 204,960.00 (Class 4) Ardoch Road patching.

North Limit of Slight E/P cracking. PPS, FPS on curve. 5 Road 38 Bradshaw Road 10 10 9 8.875 15 0 18 14 9 94 50 18 1.15 137.81$ 112.32$ 110.88$ $ 158,484.38 $ 129,168.00 $ 127,512.00 Tichborne guiderail incl. 4 SBGR.

Road 506 4.77 km West of Westerly to North 10 10 9 2.35 15 0 19 13 7 85 48 Fernleigh. 2 guiderail. 1.45 43.54$ 75.82$ 78.12$ $ 63,133.00 $ 109,933.20 $ 113,274.00 (Class 4) Ardoch Road Westerly Road Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Critical Deficiency

7.59 km West of Myers Cave Replace bearings North Road 506 21 - Two Way 9 7 4470 Boundary between Westerly 1.56 km 1.56 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Bridge, 200 m and expansion 10.1 7 1.55 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Fair/Good Undivided Wards 1 & 2 E of Myers joints. ($170,000, A-2013-E Cave Rd >2018) R ST (OD) Open Ditch

Antome Creek North Road 509 Elphin-Maberley Road (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 20 6 4030 Northerly 2.4 km 2.40 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Culvert, 2.35 2 - Fair/Good R 8.5 6.2 1.15 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Northerly 2.4 km km North of Rolling Undivided Elphin- Replace north Maberley end of culvert. A-2013-E Road ($91,000, 2015) ST North Road 509 2.4 km North of Elphin- (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 10 6 4040 North 1.0 km 1.00 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.9 6.8 1.05 (ND) No Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Maberley Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided 3.68 km North of North Road 509 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 11 6 4050 Elphin-Maberley Road North 0.32 km 0.32 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 1 - Fair/Good R 8.7 6.7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Rolling Undivided North 0.32 km A-2013-E ST

North Road 509 3.46 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 11 6 4060 North 0.22 km 0.22 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.7 6.7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Elphin-Maberley Road Rolling Undivided A-2013-E ST

3.4 km North of Elphin- North Road 509 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 11 6 4070 Maberley Road North North 0.06 km 0.06 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.7 6.7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Rolling Undivided 0.06 km A-2013-E ST 4.0 km North of Elphin- North Road 509 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 11 6 4080 Maberley Road North North 0.8 km 0.80 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 9 7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Rolling Undivided 0.8 km A-2013-E ST

4.8 km N of Elphin- North Road 509 North 1 km (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 14 6 4090 Maberley Rd North 1 1.00 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8 6.7 0.65 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) (SpringFlowers La) Rolling Undivided km (SpringFlowers La) A-2013-E ST

North Road 509 5.8 km North of Elphin- (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 10 6 4100 North 0.3 km 0.30 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.8 6.7 1.05 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Maberley Road Rolling Undivided

A-2013-E ST North Road 509 6.1 km North of Elphin- 0.6 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 6 4110 1.45 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 9.1 6.7 1.2 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Maberley Rd Morrow Rd A-2013-C ST Rolling Undivided

North Road 509 0.6 km North of 0.2 km Northerly, (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 6 4120 0.20 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 1 - Fair/Good R 9.1 6.7 1.2 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Rd Donaldson Road Flat Undivided A-2013-E ST 22 - 14 North Road 509 0.8 km North of Fair/Good, 8 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 13 6 4130 Northerly 0.74 km 0.74 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.2 6.7 0.75 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road Poor Require Rolling Undivided A-2013-E Repair ST North Road 509 1.5 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 11 6 4140 Northerly 2.6 km 2.60 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.7 6.7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided North Road 509 4.0 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 20 6 4150 Northerly 0.8 km 0.80 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.4 6.6 0.9 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided North Road 509 8.15 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 11 6 4180 Northerly to 1.75 km 1.75 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 8.5 6.6 0.95 (OD) Open Ditch 80 70 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided North Road 509 11.3 km North of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 6 6 4210 Westerly 0.56 km 0.56 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10 7 1.5 (OD) Open Ditch 50 50 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided North Road 509 12.1 km North of Westerly 0.75 km to (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 7 6 4220 0.75 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10.1 7.3 1.4 (OD) Open Ditch 50 50 1 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road Ompah (River Road) A-2013-E ST Rolling Undivided

County Road Hinchinbrooke Landfill Central 38 Box Two Way 6 6 3020 Road 38 Site, 12.2 km North of York Road 1.00 3386 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 N/A 3 - Fair/Good 12.9 7 2.95 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 85 2 700 Frontenac Culvert, 10m Undivided Boundary South of York A-2012/13-E Road R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Replacement Cost per m Total Replacement Cost

7.59 km West of Road 506 21 guiderail Myer`s Cove to Marble Lake. Boundary between Westerly 1.56 km 8 10 7 10 15 0 19 14 8 91 48 1.56 43.54$ 94.54$ 94.92$ $ 67,922.40 $ 147,476.16 $ 148,075.20 (Class 4) Traffic counter btwn Myers and Marble. Wards 1 & 2

Some edge breakup and patching. 2 Road 509 Elphin-Maberley Road Northerly 2.4 km 9 9 8 6.85 7 0 18 14 9 80 49 30 guiderail. 0.5km at north end re-surface 2.4 43.54$ 79.56$ 81.48$ $ 104,496.00 $ 190,944.00 $ 195,552.00 (Class 4) Northerly 2.4 km treated recently.

Road 509 2.4 km North of Elphin- North 1.0 km 10 10 8 5.95 15 0 18 14 9 90 49 Combine 1 43.54$ 83.30$ 84.84$ $ 43,540.00 $ 83,304.00 $ 84,840.00 (Class 4) Maberley Road 3.68 km North of Road 509 High fill adjacent to water, consider new Elphin-Maberley Road North 0.32 km 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 18 14 9 90 49 0.32 43.54$ 81.43$ 83.16$ $ 13,932.80 $ 26,058.24 $ 26,611.20 (Class 4) guiderail. 1 guiderail North 0.32 km

Road 509 3.46 km North of North 0.22 km 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 18 14 9 90 49 Combine 0.22 43.54$ 81.43$ 83.16$ $ 9,578.80 $ 17,915.04 $ 18,295.20 (Class 4) Elphin-Maberley Road

3.4 km North of Elphin- Road 509 Maberley Road North North 0.06 km 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 18 14 9 90 49 Combine 0.06 43.54$ 81.43$ 83.16$ $ 2,612.40 $ 4,885.92 $ 4,989.60 (Class 4) 0.06 km

4.0 km North of Elphin- Road 509 Maberley Road North North 0.8 km 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 18 14 9 90 49 Combine 0.8 43.54$ 84.24$ 85.68$ $ 34,832.00 $ 67,392.00 $ 68,544.00 (Class 4) 0.8 km

4.8 km N of Elphin- Road 509 North 1 km Maberley Rd North 1 10 10 8 2.35 15 0 18 14 9 86 49 Combine 1 43.54$ 74.88$ 77.28$ $ 43,540.00 $ 74,880.00 $ 77,280.00 (Class 4) (SpringFlowers La) km (SpringFlowers La)

Road 509 5.8 km North of Elphin- North 0.3 km 10 10 8 5.95 15 0 18 14 9 90 49 Combine 0.3 43.54$ 82.37$ 84.00$ $ 13,062.00 $ 24,710.40 $ 25,200.00 (Class 4) Maberley Road

Road 509 6.1 km North of Elphin- 0.6 km North of Combine. New 6.5 m HCB patch at post 10 10 8 7.3 15 0 18 14 9 91 49 1.45 43.54$ 85.18$ 86.52$ $ 63,133.00 $ 123,505.20 $ 125,454.00 (Class 4) Maberley Rd Morrow Rd office box at Morrow Road.

Road 509 0.6 km North of 0.2 km Northerly, 10 10 8 7.3 15 0 18 14 9 91 49 1 guiderail 0.2 43.54$ 85.18$ 86.52$ $ 8,708.00 $ 17,035.20 $ 17,304.00 (Class 4) Morrow Rd Donaldson Road

22 guiderail throughout. 8 require repair. Fair Road 509 0.8 km North of condition, need maintenance. 2 bad Northerly 0.74 km 10 10 8 3.25 15 0 18 14 9 87 49 0.74 43.54$ 76.75$ 78.96$ $ 32,219.60 $ 56,796.48 $ 58,430.40 (Class 4) Morrow Road horizontal curves, 1 bad vertical. All similar condition. Traffic counter present. Road 509 1.5 km North of Northerly 2.6 km 10 10 8 5.5 15 0 18 14 9 90 49 2.6 43.54$ 81.43$ 83.16$ $ 113,204.00 $ 211,723.20 $ 216,216.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road Road 509 4.0 km North of Northerly 0.8 km 2 10 8 4.6 15 0 18 14 9 81 49 0.8 43.54$ 78.62$ 80.64$ $ 34,832.00 $ 62,899.20 $ 64,512.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road Road 509 8.15 km North of Northerly to 1.75 km 10 10 8 5.05 15 0 18 14 9 89 49 1.75 43.54$ 79.56$ 81.48$ $ 76,195.00 $ 139,230.00 $ 142,590.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road Road 509 11.3 km North of Westerly 0.56 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 18 14 9 94 49 0.56 43.54$ 93.60$ 94.08$ $ 24,382.40 $ 52,416.00 $ 52,684.80 (Class 4) Morrow Road Road 509 12.1 km North of Westerly 0.75 km to 10 10 8 9.1 15 0 18 14 9 93 49 0.75 43.54$ 94.54$ 94.92$ $ 32,655.00 $ 70,902.00 $ 71,190.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road Ompah (River Road)

Hinchinbrooke Landfill Road 38 Site, 12.2 km North of York Road 10 10 9 9.82 15 0 19 14 9 96 51 14 Slight E/P cracking. PPS. 3 guiderail. 1 128.63$ 120.74$ 118.44$ $ 128,625.00 $ 120,744.00 $ 118,440.00 Boundary Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Critical Deficiency

#1 Replacement of posts, bracing, #1 Buckshot repair of Creek Bridge, concrete and North Road 509 4.40 km West of 2.4 km East of repave deck. (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 6 4260 Westerly 3.6 km 3.60 600 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 4 - Fair/Good R 9.6 7 1.3 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 1 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Boundary Mountain ($52,000, 2014) Rolling Undivided Road. #2 Replace #2 Buckshot cables/posts, Creek repave invert and Culvert, 250 add rock m East of protection. A-2013-E James Road. ($295,000, 2016) ST North Road 506 3.60 km West of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 6 6 4370 Westerly 1.11 km 1.11 560 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10.3 6.7 1.8 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Ardoch Road A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch Rolling Undivided North Road 506 4.71 km West of (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 6 6 4380 Westerly 0.06 km 0.06 560 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10.3 6.7 1.8 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Ardoch Road A-2013-E ST (OD) Open Ditch Rolling Undivided Central Parham North Limits Two Way 4 6 3040 Road 38 Parham South Limits 0.60 2926 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 11 7.3 N/A (RR) Rocky, Rolling 60 60 2 C/R Frontenac (end of C&G) A-2012/13-E U HCB (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch Undivided North Road 506 Boundary between Two Way 7 6 4430 Westerly 1.9 km 1.90 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 2 - Fair/Good 9.5 6.8 1.35 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 A-2013-E R ST (OD) Open Ditch Undivided 5.3 km West of North Road 506 (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 6 6 4460 Boundary between Westerly 2.29 km 2.29 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 10.3 6.7 1.8 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Rolling Undivided Wards 1 & 2 A-2013-E R ST (OD) Open Ditch 10.75 km West of North Road 506 Boundary between (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 14 6 4480 Westerly 0.45 km 0.45 540 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 10.8 8 1.4 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 Westerly Rolling Undivided 0.45 km A-2013-E R ST (OD) Open Ditch Central Tichborne (start of Two Way 7 6 3050 Road 38 Parham North Limits 2.40 2696 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 7 - Fair/Good 11.8 7.3 2.25 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 600 Frontenac C&G) A-2012/13-E R HCB (OD) Open Ditch Undivided

Central South Limit of North Limit of Two Way 4 6 3060 Road 38 0.85 2466 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 10 7.2 N/A (RR) Rocky, Rolling 50 50 2 C/R Frontenac Tichborne Tichborne Undivided A-2012/13-E U HCB (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch

Central Ducharme Road, 3.3 19 - Frontenac/ Two Way 10 5 2100 Road 38 Bradshaw Road km North of 3.30 2015 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Fair/Good 10.8 7.3 1.75 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 600 South Undivided Bradshaw Road incl., 4-SBGR Frontenac A-2012/13-C R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

Central Ducharme Road, 3.3 19 - Frontenac/ Two Way 10 5 3080 Road 38 Bradshaw Road km North of 2015 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 Fair/Good 10.8 7.3 1.75 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 600 South Undivided Bradshaw Road incl., 4-SBGR Frontenac A-2012/13-C R HCB (OD) Open Ditch

North Road 509 10.4 km North of Two Way 8 5 4200 Westerly 0.9 km 0.90 680 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10 7 1.5 (OD) Open Ditch (RR) Rocky, Rolling 50 50 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Morrow Road Undivided A-2013-E ST North Road 509 Two Way 5 5 4240 Ward 3 Boundary Westerly 2.75 km 2.75 640 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 2 - Fair/Good R 9.5 6.5 1.5 (OD) Open Ditch (RR) Rocky, Rolling 50/80 50/80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) A-2013-E ST Undivided North Road 509 8.0 km West of (NG) Non-Rocky, Two Way 9 5 4270 Westerly 1.40 km 1.40 580 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 3 - Fair/Good R 9 7 1 (OD) Open Ditch 80 80 1 400 Frontenac (Class 4) Boundary A-2013-E ST Rugged Undivided North Road 506 Westerly 0.25 km (NR) Non-Rocky, Two Way 4 5 4290 Junction of Road 509 0.25 580 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 U 7.5 7.5 N/A 50 50 2 C/R Frontenac (Class 4) (west end of C&G) A-2013-E HCB (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch Rolling Undivided

Buckshot 9.4 km West of Bdry North Road 509 Creek Bridge, (NF) Non-Rocky, Two Way 4 5 4280 (start of C&G East End Road 506 0.35 250 ADEQ ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 N/A U N/A 7.5 N/A (SS) Storm Sewer no Ditch 50 50 2 C/R Frontenac (Class 4) 100 m E of Flat Undivided of Plevna) Buckshot A-2013-C Lake Rd HCB North Road 506 2.21 km West of Road 10 - Two Way 5 5 4330 Westerly 2.39 km 2.39 560 NOW ADEQ ADEQ 6 - 10 R 10.9 7.3 1.8 (RR) Rocky, Rolling 80 80 2 400 Frontenac (Class 4) 509 A-2013-E Fair/Good ST (OD) Open Ditch Undivided 184.13 NOW Needs 107 0 0 0 HCB LCB Total "NOW" Needs 107.38 km North Frontenac 0.6 73.38 73.98 "NOW" Needs < 50 AADT 0.00 km Central Frontenac 32 10.6 42.6 "NOW" Needs Excl. Surface Type and < 50 AADT 0.00 km South Frontenac 24.35 0 24.35 System Adequacy 42% (excludes AADT < 50) Frontenac Islands 16.7 26.5 43.2 (Adjusted) System Adequacy 100% (exlcudes AADT < 50 and surface type deficiencies) TOTAL 73.65 110.48 184.13 Frontenac Corridor Road Inventory/Condition Summary - 2013

Replacement Cost per m Total Replacement Cost

Road 509 4.40 km West of Recently resuraced with surface treatment. 4 Westerly 3.6 km 9 10 9 8.2 15 0 19 13 8 91 49 3.6 43.54$ 89.86$ 90.72$ $ 156,744.00 $ 323,481.60 $ 326,592.00 (Class 4) Boundary guiderail.

Road 506 3.60 km West of Westerly 1.11 km 10 10 9 10 15 0 19 14 7 94 49 1.11 43.54$ 96.41$ 96.60$ $ 48,329.40 $ 107,012.88 $ 107,226.00 (Class 4) Ardoch Road Road 506 4.71 km West of Westerly 0.06 km 10 10 9 10 15 0 19 14 7 94 49 0.06 43.54$ 96.41$ 96.60$ $ 2,612.40 $ 5,784.48 $ 5,796.00 (Class 4) Ardoch Road Parham North Limits Asphalt blvd east side, s/w west side. Sharp Road 38 Parham South Limits N/A N/A 9 1 25 20 19 14 9 97 51 15 0.6 268.28$ 68.33$ 71.40$ $ 160,965.00 $ 40,996.80 $ 42,840.00 (end of C&G) curve at intersection in midle of village. Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 1.9 km 10 10 8 8.65 15 0 19 14 8 93 49 2 guiderail. 1.5m x 3.5m slight dip in EB road 1.9 43.54$ 88.92$ 89.88$ $ 82,726.00 $ 168,948.00 $ 170,772.00 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 5.3 km West of Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 2.29 km 10 10 8 10 15 0 19 14 8 94 49 50km/h in Myers Cave. 2.29 43.54$ 96.41$ 96.60$ $ 99,706.60 $ 220,774.32 $ 221,214.00 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 10.75 km West of Road 506 Boundary between Westerly 0.45 km 3 10 8 9.1 15 0 19 14 8 86 49 0.45 43.54$ 101.09$ 100.80$ $ 19,593.00 $ 45,489.60 $ 45,360.00 (Class 4) Wards 1 & 2 Westerly 0.45 km Tichborne (start of Slight E/P cracking. PPS, FPS on curve. 7 Road 38 Parham North Limits 10 10 9 8.875 15 0 19 14 9 95 51 16 2.4 134.14$ 110.45$ 109.20$ $ 321,930.00 $ 265,075.20 $ 262,080.00 C&G) guiderail. Asphalt blvd one side, s/w other side. Widens South Limit of North Limit of Road 38 N/A N/A 9 1 25 20 19 14 9 97 51 17 to 10.8m platform in village. Railway crossing 0.85 264.60$ 67.39$ 70.56$ $ 224,910.00 $ 57,283.20 $ 59,976.00 Tichborne Tichborne at north end of village.

Ducharme Road, 3.3 Significant E/P cracking. PPS, FPS on Road 38 Bradshaw Road km North of 10 10 9 6.625 15 0 19 14 9 93 51 19 3.3 134.14$ 101.09$ 100.80$ $ 442,653.75 $ 333,590.40 $ 332,640.00 curve/guiderail. 19 guiderail incl 4 SBGR. Bradshaw Road

Ducharme Road, 3.3 Significant E/P cracking. PPS, FPS on Road 38 Bradshaw Road km North of 10 10 9 6.625 15 0 19 14 9 93 51 19 0 134.14$ 101.09$ 100.80$ $ - $ - $ - curve/guiderail. 19 guiderail incl 4 SBGR. Bradshaw Road

Road 509 10.4 km North of Appears to have been recently re Surface Westerly 0.9 km 7 10 9 10 15 0 19 13 9 92 50 74 0.9 43.54$ 93.60$ 94.08$ $ 39,186.00 $ 84,240.00 $ 84,672.00 (Class 4) Morrow Road Treated.

Road 509 Ward 3 Boundary Westerly 2.75 km 10 10 9 10 15 0 18 14 9 95 50 33 2 guiderail 2.75 43.54$ 88.92$ 89.88$ $ 119,735.00 $ 244,530.00 $ 247,170.00 (Class 4) Road 509 8.0 km West of Westerly 1.40 km 10 10 9 5.5 15 0 19 14 8 91 50 3 Guiderail. Edge breakup and patching. 1.4 43.54$ 84.24$ 85.68$ $ 60,956.00 $ 117,936.00 $ 119,952.00 (Class 4) Boundary Road 506 Westerly 0.25 km Junction of Road 509 N/A N/A 9 1 25 20 19 13 9 96 50 Curb on 2 sides, Asphalt S/W on 2 sides 0.25 275.63$ 70.20$ 73.08$ $ 68,906.25 $ 17,550.00 $ 18,270.00 (Class 4) (west end of C&G)

9.4 km West of Bdry Road 509 (start of C&G East End Road 506 N/A N/A 8 1 25 20 18 14 9 95 49 Curb on 2 sides, Asphalt S/W on 1 side 0.35 275.63$ 70.20$ 73.08$ $ 96,468.75 $ 24,570.00 $ 25,578.00 (Class 4) of Plevna)

Road 506 2.21 km West of Road Westerly 2.39 km 10 10 9 10 15 0 19 14 8 95 50 10 guiderail, edge breakup and patching. 2.39 43.54$ 102.02$ 101.64$ $ 104,060.60 $ 243,837.36 $ 242,919.60 (Class 4) 509 $ 15,376,659.20 $ 17,349,003.36 $ 17,425,648.80 Total Road Replacement Cost$ 50,151,311.36

Appendix B Road Improvement Costs

ROAD IMPROVEMENT COSTS Frontenac Corridor Unit Costs Units Unit Cost Granular A t $26.00 Granular B t $14.00 Hot Mix t $150.00 Earth Excavation m3 $29.00 Asphalt Removal m2 $4.00 Asphalt Removal - Partial Depth m2 $2.50 Removal of Concrete Curb & Gutter m $19.00 Concrete Curb & Gutter m $110.00 In-Place Full Depth Reclamation m2 $1.10

Granular A Conversion 2.4 t/m3 Granular B Conversion 2 t/m3 Hot Mix Conversion 2.45 t/m3

Gravel (75mm) Width - Depth - Conversion Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor (x 1000) Granular A 7.0 75 2.4 t 1260 $26.00 $ 33 G $ 33 Frost Heave Treatment Cost/50m Width - Depth - Conversion Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost Digout (x m mm Factor 1000) Earth Excavation 8.0 800 m3 320 $29.00 $ 9 Granular A 7.0 150 2.4 t 126 $26.00 $ 3 Granular B 8.0 650 2 t 520 $14.00 $ 7 FT 20 Surface Treatment - Rural/Semi Urban - Single [ST1] Width - Depth - Conversion Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor (x 1000) Surface Treatment - Single (Overlay) 7.0 m2 7000 $3.08 $ 22 ST1 22

Surface Treatment - Rural/Semi Urban - Double [ST2] Width - Depth - Conversion Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor (x 1000) Surface Treatment - Double (Overlay) 7.0 m2 7000 $6.22 $ 44 ST2 44

Surface Treatment - Rural/Semi Urban - Double with Removal of Existing [ST2R] Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Surface Treatment - Double 7.0 m2 7000 $4.00 $ 28 Removal Asphalt Pavement 7.0 16 m2 7000 $4.00 $ 28 ST2R 56 Surface Treatment - Rural/Semi Urban - Double with Granular Base [ST2A] Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Surface Treatment - Double 7.0 m2 7000 $4.00 $ 28 Granular A 7.0 300 2.4 t 5040 $26.00 $ 131 ST2A 159

Resurfacing - Rural/Semi Urban Single Lift Overlay [RO1] Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction ** (x 1000) Hot Mix 3 50 2.45 t 74 441 $150.00 $ 66 Granular A 1.5 50 2.4 t 180 $26.00 $ 5 Minor Items @ 15% $ 11 RO1 81 (per Lane Kilometre) Resurfacing - Rural/Semi Urban - Double Lift Overlay [RO2] Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction ** (x 1000) Hot Mix 3 90 2.45 t 66 728 $150.00$ 109 Granular A 1.5 90 2.4 t 324 $26.00 $ 8 Minor Items @ 15% $ 18 RO2 135 (per Lane Kilometre) Resurfacing - Urban - Single Lift Mill and Pave [RMP1] Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Hot Mix 4.25 50 2.45 t 521 $150.00 $ 78 Remove Curb and Gutter m 200 $19.00$ 3.80 Curb and Gutter - 20% m 200 $110.00$ 22.00 Milling 4.25 m2 4250 $2.50$ 10.63 Minor Items @ 25% $ 29 RMP1 143 (per Lane Kilometre) Resurfacing - Urban - Double Lift Mill and Pave [RMP2] Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Hot Mix 4.25 90 2.45 t 937 $150.00$ 141 Remove Curb and Gutter m 200 $19.00$ 3.80 Curb and Gutter - 20% m 200 $110.00$ 22.00 Milling 4.25 m2 4250 $3.50$ 14.88 Minor Items @ 25% $ 45 RMP2 227 (per Lane Kilometre) Pulverize and Pave One Lift [PP1] Rural/Semi-Urban Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Hot Mix 3 50 2.45 t 367.5 $150.00 $ 55 Granular A 1.5 50 2.4 t 180 $26.00 $ 5 Pulverize 3 m2 3000 $1.10$ 3.30 Minor Items @ 25% $ 16 PP1 79 (per Lane Kilometre) Pulverize and Pave Two Lifts [PP2] Rural/Semi-Urban Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Hot Mix 3 90 2.45 t 661.5 $150.00 $ 99 Granular A 1.5 90 2.4 t 324 $26.00 $ 8 Pulverize 3 m2 3000 $1.10 $ 3 Minor Items @ 25% $ 28 PP2 139 (per Lane Kilometre) Semi-Urban: Resurfacing and Widening Residential (Single Lift Widening) Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction ** (x 1000) Earth Excavation 2 500 m3 1000 $29.00 $ 29 Granular A 5 150 2.4 t 1800 $26.00 $ 47 Granular B 5 300 2 t 3000 $14.00 $ 42 Hot Mix 8 50 2.45 t 196 1176 $150.00$ 176 Milling 4 m2 4000 $2.50 $ 10 Minor Items @ 25% $ 76 (per Lane Kilometre) RW1 380 (widening one side) Commercial and Industrial (Double Lift Widening) Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Earth Excavation 2 600 m3 1200 $29.00 $ 35 Granular A 5 150 2.4 t 1800 $26.00 $ 47 Granular B 5 450 2 t 4500 $14.00 $ 63 Hot Mix 8 90 2.45 t 353 2117 $150.00$ 318 Milling 4 m2 4000 $2.50 $ 10 Minor Items @ 25% $ 118 (per Lane Kilometre) RW2 590 (widening one side) Gravel Road Widening Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Earth Excavation 2 450 m3 900 $29.00 $ 26 Granular A 1 150 2.4 t 360 $26.00 $ 9 Granular B 1 300 2 t 600 $14.00 $ 8 Minor Items @ 25% $ 11

(per Lane Kilometre) GW 55 (widening one side) Rural: Full Excavation and Reconstruction - Gravel (6 m surface width) Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000)

Earth Excavation 5 450 m3 2250 $29.00 $ 65 Granular A 3 150 2.4 t 1080 $26.00 $ 28 Granular B 5 300 2 t 3000 $14.00 $ 42

Minor Items @ 25% $ 34 Recon G 169 (per Lane Kilometre) Rural: Full Excavation and Reconstruction - 1 Lift Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000)

Asphalt Removal - Full Depth 3 m2 3000 $4.00 $ 12 Earth Excavation 5 500 m3 2500 $29.00 $ 73 Granular A 4 150 2.4 t 1440 $26.00 $ 37 Granular B 5 300 2 t 3000 $14.00 $ 42 Hot Mix 3 50 2.45 t 368 $150.00 $ 55 Minor Items @ 25% $ 55 Recon 1S 274 (per Lane Kilometre) Semi-Urban: Full Excavation and Reconstruction - 2 Lift Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Asphalt Removal - Full Depth 3 m2 3000 $4.00 $ 12 Earth Excavation 5 500 m3 2500 $29.00 $ 73 Granular A 4 150 2.4 t 1440 $26.00 $ 37 Granular B 5 300 2 t 3000 $14.00 $ 42 Hot Mix 3 90 2.45 t 662 $150.00 $ 99 Minor Items @ 25% $ 66 Recon 2S 329 (per Lane Kilometre)

Urban: Full Excavation and Reconstruction - 2 Lift Width - Depth - Conversion Crossfall Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost m mm Factor Correction (x 1000) Asphalt Removal - Full Depth 4.25 m2 4250 $4.00 $ 17 Earth Excavation 5.5 500 m3 2750 $29.00 $ 80 Granular A 4.5 150 2.4 t 1620 $26.00 $ 42 Granular B 5.5 300 2 t 3300 $14.00 $ 46 Hot Mix 4.25 90 2.45 t 937 $150.00$ 141 Remove Curb and Gutter m 1000 $19.00$ 19.00 Curb and Gutter m 1000 $110.00$ 110.00 Minor Items @ 25% $ 81 Recon 2U 536 (per Lane Kilometre)

Rout and Seal Cost/km Item Unit Quantity Unit Cost (x 1000) Rout and Seal m 1000 $4.00 $ 4

RS 4 (per Lane Kilometre)

Appendix C Level of Service

Frontenac Corridor Study

Levels of Service

D.M. Wills Project No. 13-4449

D.M. Wills Associates Limited PARTNERS IN ENGINEERING

Peterborough North Bay

January 2014

Frontenac Corridor Study - January 2014

Contents Section 1: Bridges and Culverts ...... 1 Category No. 1-1: Bridges ...... 1 Section 2: Roads - Maintenance ...... 2 Category No. 2-1: Ditching ...... 2 Category No. 2-2: Brushing ...... 3 Section 3 – Roads - Resurfacing ...... 3 Category No. 3-1: Road Resurfacing ...... 4 Section 4: Roads - Repairs ...... 5 Category No. 4-1: Road Base Repairs (Hard Top) ...... 5 Section 5: Roads - Capital Improvements ...... 6 Category No. 5-1: Capital Improvements ...... 6

Levels of Service

Levels of service provide a measuring stick to ensure that municipal infrastructure is maintained to a standard that protects the municipal investment and sustains or prolongs the life of bridges, roads, buildings, equipment and other infrastructure. By establishing a level of service, the municipality will be able to identify the condition of all infrastructure on an ongoing basis and undertake measures to repair, upgrade or better all municipal assets over their lifespan. The intent of establishing levels of service is to also ensure that regulatory requirements are also met, notably, the minimum maintenance standards for municipal highways (Ontario Regulation 239/02).

The levels of service set out in the following pages provide a written series of procedures that will guide Council in making financial decisions designed to maintain the Frontenac Corridor’s capital assets to the level appropriate given its relative priorities and minimum legislated requirements. The service level standards will ensure the delivery of a quality level of services and an appropriate measure of accountability to municipal taxpayers.

The levels of service are organized by the type of asset or infrastructure and a series of objectives to be achieved through adherence to specific standards or levels of service. In a rural township municipality, the most significant assets are roads and bridges as they are crucial to the conveyance of people and goods and services. Council has taken measures to improve the condition of the road network through better ditching, brushing, graveling and grading; however, careful capital programming will be required to sustain the road system over the coming years. Performance targets require the municipality to maintain capital assets by undertaking repairs immediately or on an as needed basis where required and by ditching, brushing and resurfacing roads on a regular cycle. Council intends to provide adequate funding of road and bridge improvements to replace these facilities within their prescribed lifespan.

The individual Townships of South, Central, and North Frontenac, and Frontenac Islands will continue to have bridge and culvert structures inspected by a professional engineer once every two years, followed by the implementation of the recommended program for repairing and upgrading these structures. The road network shall be reviewed every five years, as a minimum, to assign priorities for road resurfacing and reconstruction.

Frontenac Corridor Study - January 2014

Section 1: Bridges and Culverts Asset Type: Bridges (including Culverts >=3.0 span) Category No. 1-1: Bridges Effective Date: December 31, 2013

• Objectives • To ensure safe vehicular and pedestrian passage as part Bridges: of an efficient transportation network. • To protect public investment in all bridge structures • To comply with Ontario Reg. 239/02

• Level of Service • Annual bridge reinvestment shall be undertaken to maintain the bridge network asset. • Bridge deck spalls and bridge deck surfaces shall be repaired in accordance with O. Reg 239/02. • All bridges will be inspected every second year by a Professional Engineer to ensure compliance with provincial legislation and regulations. Bridges: • Bridges will shall be planned for replacement upon reaching their lifespan. • Bridges shall be programmed for rehabilitation or replacement in advance of load restriction posting, unless otherwise deemed unnecessary. • Priority will be given to interventions directly related to maintaining the loading capabilities of the structure an/or realization or extension of its useful service life, provided no other safety or operational issues have been identified.

Frontenac Corridor Study - January 2014

Section 2: Roads - Maintenance Asset Type: Roadside Maintenance - Ditching Category No. 2-1: Ditching Effective Date: December 31, 2013

• Objectives •To maintain the road drainage system so as to control and remove surface water within the road allowance. Ditching: •To prevent erosion and and/or water ponding on the traveled surface of the road. •To prevent damage to the road caused by excessive water saturating the road base or sub-base. •To comply with Ontario Reg. 239/02.

•Level of Service •Routine road patrols shall be conducted in accordance with Ontario Reg. 239/02, as a minimum. •Obstructions to the flow of water shall be removed on an as- needed basis. Ditching: •The Townships recognize a free draining roadbed is critical to the long-term health of the roadbed and road surface. An annual ditching program shall be maintained to ensure ditches remain free of debris, woody vegetation, and sediment and serve their intended function. •Ditches shall be constructed to direct surface runoff to a suitable outlet.

Frontenac Corridor Study - January 2014

Section 3 – Roads - Resurfacing Asset Type: Roadside Maintenance - Brushing Category No. 2-2: Brushing Effective Date: December 31, 2013 Asset Type: Road Surface

• Objectives • To maintain safe sightline distances • To reduce or eliminate snow drifting conditions and reduce Brushing: or eliminate road frosting by reducing road shading. • To protect the road base structure by removing brush and trees rooting in the sub-base • To comply with Ontario Reg. 239/02

•Level of Service • Trees, brush and limbs on or overhanging the right-of-way will be removed where they present a traffic hazard. • Brush growing in such a manner that restricts drainage or sight lines shall be removed. Priority will be given to brushing on curves, at intersections/entrances , and locations prone to wildlife crossing. Brushing: • Stumps will be removed or cut at the ground line. • Permission shall be obtained from a property owner to enter onto private property to remove encroaching trees or limbs. • An annual brushing program shall be maintained to provide safe sight lines, road base drainage, and road exposure to the sun. • Brushing shall be a priority in those locations which are prone to road frosting due to shading.

Frontenac Corridor Study - January 2014

Category No. 3-1: Road Resurfacing Effective Date: December 31, 2013

• Objectives Bituminous •To provide a smooth, safe riding surface. •To protect the investment in the road surface and minimize life Surfaces: cycle cost of the road network while maximizing asset value. •To comply with Ontario Reg. 239/02

• Level of Service •The Townships adopt a preservation management approach to road infrastructure management. •Surface Treated road segments shall be considered for resurfacing every 8 - 10 years, as required. Hot Mix Asphalt surface road segments shall be considered for Bituminous resurfacing every 15-20 years, as required. Surfaces: •Road resurfacing priorities shall be based on road condition and traffic volumes (AADT), with consideration of exceptional seasonal volumes (SADT) where warrented. •The Townships shall strive to maintain a minimum individual road surface condition rating of 6 out of 10, as defined in the MTO Inventory Manual for Municipal Roads, February 1991. • Road surfaces shall be maintained in accordance with Ontario Reg. 239/02.

Frontenac Corridor Study - January 2014

Section 4: Roads - Repairs Asset Type: Road Base Repairs (Hard Top) Category No. 4-1: Road Base Repairs (Hard Top) Effective Date: December 31, 2013

• Objectives • To provide a free draining road base suitable to carry the Road Base expected traffic volumes and loads for the class of road. • To support the road surface and prevent premature Repairs: deterioration of the surface. • To protect the investment in the road. • To comply with Ontario Reg. 239/02

• Level of Service • Upon reconstruction of a road, the road base will be improved to the level required to support the expected traffic loading over the life of the overlying hard top surface. • Frequent or extensive areas of pavement deterioration or Road Base distress shall be investigation to confirm the root cause. Repairs: • Localized areas of deterioration or distress will be repaired where feasible, by municipal forces. • Road sections exhibiting severe deterioration or distress along more than 15% of its length i.e. a structural adequacy score of less than 12/20 as per the MTO Inventory Manual for Municipal Roads, February 1991, shall be considered for reconstruction.

Frontenac Corridor Study - January 2014

Section 5: Roads - Capital Improvements Asset Type: Roads Capital Improvements (Reconstruction or Upgrades) Category No. 5-1: Capital Improvements Effective Date: December 31, 2013

• Objectives Capital •To maintain the Frontenac Corridor in a safe and functional Improvements condition. for Roads: •To support land accessibility and economic development. •To comply with Ontario Reg. 239/02

•Level of Service •A roads needs assessment will be prepared by a qualified professional at least every 5 years. •Road reconstruction priorities shall be based on road condition and traffic volumes (AADT and SADT, as warranted). •The Townships shall endeavor to maintain a road and road surface consistent with the volume of traffic carried by the road, as follows: AADT 0 to 199 - Gravel AADT 200 to 399 - Low Class Bituminous (Surface Treated) Capital AADT 400+ - High Class Bituminous (Hot Mix Asphalt) •Roads shall not be reconstructed strictly due to surface Improvements width or type deficiencies provided there is no history of for Roads: safety or operational concerns. •Road replacement or upgrading shall be undertaken once the full service life of the existing road has been realized, provided there is no history of safety or operational concerns. •Consideration shall be given to the age and condition of underground services associated with a road and coordinated with road reconstruction, where feasible. •Upon reconstruction of a road segment, the road base will be improved to the level required to support the expected traffic loading over the life of the overlying hard top surface. •Consideration shall be given to HCB surfaces adjacent to drainage infrastructure, e.g. curb and gutter, or other "built up" areas, regardless of traffic volume.