The Erosion of the Holderness Coast’ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 20, 32-39 Schedule of Lines Measured (66 Locations) ______

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Erosion of the Holderness Coast’ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 20, 32-39 Schedule of Lines Measured (66 Locations) ______ Thompson, C (1923) ‘The erosion of the Holderness coast’ Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 20, 32-39 Schedule of Lines Measured (66 locations) __________________________________________________________________ Sheet 146 Bridlington A From edge of cliff at south end of sea-wall to a point in line with edge of maximum loss. B From N.E. corner of farm buildings at Wilsthorpe. C The ruin at Auburn. Sheet 163 Barmston A From the N.W. abutment of bridge to cliff edge in a N.E. by E. direction to pass the truncated angle of cliff. B From the cliff edge along the road to N.W. corner of Coastguard Station, Ulrome. Sheet 180 Skipsea A Edge of cliff to farm gate at junction of Cliff Lane with road from Skipsea. B Distance of mouth of Withow Dike from road fence. C Edge of cliff to S. end of Cliff Lane. D Edge of cliff to small pond in field, Skirlington. E Edge of cliff to sharp bend in drain just S. of Low Skirlington. F Edge of cliff at Moot Hill to N. end of Long Lane. G Edge of cliff along road from Atwick to S. end of Long Lane. H Edge of cliff to gate post at N end of Hornsea Cliff Lane. Sheet 197 Hornsea A Edge of cliff to fence. Measured along the direction of footpath to Hornsea Waterworks. B Edge of cliff to triangular duck pond, Hornsea Burton. C Edge of cliff to pond in first field from site of Hornsea Burton Farm. D The edge of cliff touches N.E. corner of field immediately S. of second farm from H.B. [Hornsea Burton] E Edge of cliff to N.E. corner of shed in same field. F Edge of cliff along U. D. By. [Urban District boundary] to post in fence. F6 Edge of cliff to small pond, due E. from Rolston Hall. F7 From Crown of main road along Cliff Lane to edge of cliff. G Cliff cuts small pond near road from Church. H From cliff edge to end of road from Church. J Length of north bank of gap at Mappleton. K Edge of cliff to first bend in parish boundary, Easthorpe Hill. L Edge of cliff along field-division to drain, Easthorpe Hill. M Edge of cliff along hedgerow to drain in same field. N Corner of field due E. of northernmost farm, Great Cowden, only 2ft. from cliff-edge (October 23, 1922). Sheet 213 Aldborough A From sharp corner of road. Measured at right-angles to cliff edge. B From cliff edge to dated stone in building. 1 C From cliff-edge to N.E. corner of Moat Farm. D From cliff edge to N.E. corner of Chapel. E From cliff edge to pond in field near Frank Hill Gate. F From cliff edge to southern bend in 6ft. drain same field. G From cliff edge to N.E. corner of Black House Barn. H Shortest distance of outbuilding, Talbot Hotel, from cliff edge. J From cliff edge to S.W. corner of Beer House. K From dip in cliff to hedge. L Along hedge to gorse patch, East Newton. M Cliff comes up to corner of field to N. of Ringborough Farm. N From cliff edge to pond in old field-division E. of above farm. O Cliff cuts off corner of field immediately south of above farm. Sheet 228 Hilston A From cliff edge to pond N.E. of Hilston. B From cliff edge to N. end of Pastures Lane. C From cliff edge to hedge opposite Guide Post, at junction of Hilston Road and Pastures Lane. D From cliff edge to Bridle Path E. of Tunstall Church. E From cliff edge to crown of road at L bend south of Tunstall Coastguard Station. F From cliff edge to corner of field containing “The Bungalow.” G From cliff edge to pond in line of fence. H Cliff now cuts another pond in same field. Sheet 243 Withernsea A Measured on 1852 Map from edge of the cliff to point plotted as edge of cliff at back of North Cliff Farm to-day. B From cliff edge to N.E. corner of shed near fold-yard gate, Intack Farm. C From cliff edge along hedgerow to S. of nearest field to sea, Neville’s [Farm]. D Length of S. bank of “The Runnell” to first hedge. E From edge of cliff to pond near “Look Out” at Cliff House Farm, Holmpton. Sheet 257 Easington A Line crossing site of ruined Chapel, Out Newton. Measured N.E. from fence of fold-yard. B Shortest distance from cliff edge to N.E. corner of field containing Cliff Farm. C From edge of cliff to corner of field. Measured along parish boundary on Dimlington High Land. D From edge of cliff to N.E. corner of Dimlington Farm buildings. E From edge of cliff to crown of road at Warmer Lane corner. F Cliff cuts corner of field due east of Easington Mill. G From cliff edge to first hedge south of 10 Chain Road. H From cliff edge to fence round Kilnsea Beacon. J Line o[f] maximum loss for sheet, two fields south of the Beacon. Measured on map at right-angles to old cliff line. Sheet 269 Kilnsea A Maximum loss at top of sheet. Measured on map at right-angles to old cliff' line. B From edge of cliff to stone in Blue Bell Inn. 2 .
Recommended publications
  • Housing Land Supply Position Statement 2020/21 to 2024/25
    www.eastriding.gov.uk www.eastriding.gov.uk ff YouYouTubeTube East Riding Local Plan 2012 - 2029 Housing Land Supply Position Statement For the period 2020/21 to 2024/25 December 2020 Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1 National Policy .................................................................................................................. 1 Performance ...................................................................................................................... 3 Residual housing requirement ......................................................................................... 5 2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 7 Developing the Methodology ........................................................................................... 7 Covid-19 ............................................................................................................................. 8 Calculating the Potential Capacity of Sites .................................................................... 9 Pre-build lead-in times ................................................................................................... 10 Build rates for large sites ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • House Number Address Line 1 Address Line 2 Town/Area County
    House Number Address Line 1 Address Line 2 Town/Area County Postcode 64 Abbey Grove Well Lane Willerby East Riding of Yorkshire HU10 6HE 70 Abbey Grove Well Lane Willerby East Riding of Yorkshire HU10 6HE 72 Abbey Grove Well Lane Willerby East Riding of Yorkshire HU10 6HE 74 Abbey Grove Well Lane Willerby East Riding of Yorkshire HU10 6HE 80 Abbey Grove Well Lane Willerby East Riding of Yorkshire HU10 6HE 82 Abbey Grove Well Lane Willerby East Riding of Yorkshire HU10 6HE 84 Abbey Grove Well Lane Willerby East Riding of Yorkshire HU10 6HE 1 Abbey Road Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 4TU 2 Abbey Road Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 4TU 3 Abbey Road Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 4TU 4 Abbey Road Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 4TU 1 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 3 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 5 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 7 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 9 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 11 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 13 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 15 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 17 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 19 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 21 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 23 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16 7NA 25 Abbotts Way Bridlington East Riding of Yorkshire YO16
    [Show full text]
  • Geography: Example Erosion
    The Physical and Human Causes of Erosion The Holderness Coast By The British Geographer Situation The Holderness coast is located on the east coast of England and is part of the East Riding of Yorkshire; a lowland agricultural region of England that lies between the chalk hills of the Wolds and the North Sea. Figure 1 The Holderness Coast is one of Europe's fastest eroding coastlines. The average annual rate of erosion is around 2 metres per year but in some sections of the coast, rates of loss are as high as 10 metres per year. The reason for such high rates of coastal erosion can be attributed to both physical and human causes. Physical Causes The main reason for coastal erosion at Holderness is geological. The bedrock is made up of till. This material was deposited by glaciers around 12,000 years ago and is unconsolidated. It is made up of mixture of bulldozed clays and erratics, which are loose rocks of varying type. This boulder clay sits on layer of seaward sloping chalk. The geology and topography of the coastal plain and chalk hills can be seen in figure 2. Figure 2 The boulder clay with erratics can be seen in figure 3. As we can see in figures 2 and 3, the Holderness Coast is a lowland coastal plain deposited by glaciers. The boulder clay is experiencing more rapid rates of erosion compared to the chalk. An outcrop of chalk can be seen to the north and forms the headland, Flamborough Head. The section of coastline is a 60 kilometre stretch from Flamborough Head in the north to Spurn Point in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • HOLDERNESS COAST FISHERY LOCAL ACTION GROUP DRAFT STRATEGY May 2011
    Sustainable Seas - Better Businesses - Closer Communities HOLDERNESS COAST FISHERY LOCAL ACTION GROUP DRAFT STRATEGY May 2011 1 Contents 1. Introduction Page 3 2. A Coastal Area with a Distinctive Identity Page 4 3. The Holderness Coast Fishery Page 11 4. SWOT Analysis Page 18 5. Key Issues Affecting the Fishing Industry and its Communities Page 20 6. The Role of the FLAG Page 22 7. Development of the Strategy Page 23 8. Strategic Objective Page 24 9. Priority Themes and Programmes Page 24 10. Delivery of the Strategy Page 36 11. Measuring Success Page 41 Appendix 1 Consultation List Appendix 2 Summary of Key Projects Appendix 3 FLAG Board Members Appendix 4 Partnership Agreement Appendix 5 FLAG Co-ordinator Job Description Appendix 6 Expression of Interest Form Appendix 7 Project Application Form Appendix 8 Application Process Appendix 9 Project Selection Criteria 2 1 Introduction The Holderness Coast Fishery Local Action Group (FLAG) area covers all of the coastal parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire from Bempton and Flamborough in the north to Easington in the south. The area encompasses the main fishing communities and resort towns of Bridlington, Hornsea and Withernsea, together with smaller landings at Flamborough, Tunstall and Easington (see map 1). The area has a coastline of over 40 miles, from the chalk cliffs of Flamborough Head, by way of the brown sea-washed cliffs of Bridlington Bay to the sand and shingle banks of Spurn Point. The FLAG area has a population of 63,761, the largest settlement and principal fishing town being Bridlington which has a population of 35,192 while the remainder of this relatively remote coastal area has a low density of population.
    [Show full text]
  • Minutes of the Council Meeting 8 March 2017
    Beswick Parish Council Meeting of the Council held at 7 pm on Wednesday, 8 March 2017 at Kilnwick Village Hall DRAFT MINUTES 1 Apologies for Absence: Apologies received from Cllr Plowman. Present: Parish Councillors Reid (Chair), Scaife, Feasby, Quinn, Julia Bugg (Clerk) and 2 members of the parish. 2 Declarations of pecuniary and non-pecuniary interests: None. 3 Minutes: Minutes of the meeting held on 11 January 2017 were approved as an accurate record. 4 Matters Arising from the Minutes: 4 Tuesday Club/Club for Retirees. Cllr Reid reported that attendance at the meetings on 31 January and 28 February were heartening (25 and 28 persons, respectively). At the next meeting (28 March), guest speakers Ron and Helen Chambers will be giving a presentation on Bees and Flowers. A trip to Lincoln Castle has been organised for 27 April. 4 Damage to Bench in Beswick. Cllr Scaife reported that the bench has been repaired and is now back in place. An invoice has been submitted and payment requested. Action: Clerk to inform ERYC that the repair has been carried out. Additionally, the Beswick South bus shelter guttering has been repaired and a request made for payment. 5 Proposed Storage Development at LKAB Minerals. Cllr Reid reported on correspondence with LKAB on possible contributions by LKAB to the Council for community projects. John Wallace has passed our request on to senior managers; awaiting decision. 9 Appointment of Internal Auditor. Cllr Quinn reported that Kate Johnson has once again agreed to act as IA. 10.1 Copy for Newsletter. Cllr Reid stated that, following the distribution of a draft version, the preparation was almost complete.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Influence of Groyne Fields and Other Hard Defences on the Shoreline Configuration
    1 The Influence of Groyne Fields and Other Hard Defences on the Shoreline Configuration 2 of Soft Cliff Coastlines 3 4 Sally Brown1*, Max Barton1, Robert J Nicholls1 5 6 1. Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, 7 University Road, Highfield, Southampton, UK. S017 1BJ. 8 9 * Sally Brown ([email protected], Telephone: +44(0)2380 594796). 10 11 Abstract: Building defences, such as groynes, on eroding soft cliff coastlines alters the 12 sediment budget, changing the shoreline configuration adjacent to defences. On the 13 down-drift side, the coastline is set-back. This is often believed to be caused by increased 14 erosion via the ‘terminal groyne effect’, resulting in rapid land loss. This paper examines 15 whether the terminal groyne effect always occurs down-drift post defence construction 16 (i.e. whether or not the retreat rate increases down-drift) through case study analysis. 17 18 Nine cases were analysed at Holderness and Christchurch Bay, England. Seven out of 19 nine sites experienced an increase in down-drift retreat rates. For the two remaining sites, 20 retreat rates remained constant after construction, probably as a sediment deficit already 21 existed prior to construction or as sediment movement was restricted further down-drift. 22 For these two sites, a set-back still evolved, leading to the erroneous perception that a 23 terminal groyne effect had developed. Additionally, seven of the nine sites developed a 24 set back up-drift of the initial groyne, leading to the defended sections of coast acting as 1 25 a hard headland, inhabiting long-shore drift.
    [Show full text]
  • Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire
    94i2 . 7401 F81p v.3 1267473 GENEALOGY COLLECTION 3 1833 00727 0389 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center http://www.archive.org/details/pedigreesofcount03fost PEDIGREES YORKSHIRE FAMILIES. PEDIGREES THE COUNTY FAMILIES YORKSHIRE COMPILED BY JOSEPH FOSTER AND AUTHENTICATED BY THE MEMBERS, OF EACH FAMILY VOL. fL—NORTH AND EAST RIDING LONDON: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED FOR THE COMPILER BY W. WILFRED HEAD, PLOUGH COURT, FETTER LANE, E.G. LIST OF PEDIGREES.—VOL. II. t all type refer to fa Hies introduced into the Pedigrees, i e Pedigree in which the for will be found on refer • to the Boynton Pedigr ALLAN, of Blackwell Hall, and Barton. CHAPMAN, of Whitby Strand. A ppleyard — Boynton Charlton— Belasyse. Atkinson— Tuke, of Thorner. CHAYTOR, of Croft Hall. De Audley—Cayley. CHOLMELEY, of Brandsby Hall, Cholmley, of Boynton. Barker— Mason. Whitby, and Howsham. Barnard—Gee. Cholmley—Strickland-Constable, of Flamborough. Bayley—Sotheron Cholmondeley— Cholmley. Beauchamp— Cayley. CLAPHAM, of Clapham, Beamsley, &c. Eeaumont—Scott. De Clare—Cayley. BECK.WITH, of Clint, Aikton, Stillingfleet, Poppleton, Clifford, see Constable, of Constable-Burton. Aldborough, Thurcroft, &c. Coldwell— Pease, of Hutton. BELASYSE, of Belasvse, Henknowle, Newborough, Worlaby. Colvile, see Mauleverer. and Long Marton. Consett— Preston, of Askham. Bellasis, of Long Marton, see Belasyse. CLIFFORD-CONSTABLE, of Constable-Burton, &c. Le Belward—Cholmeley. CONSTABLE, of Catfoss. Beresford —Peirse, of Bedale, &c. CONSTABLE, of Flamborough, &c. BEST, of Elmswell, and Middleton Quernhow. Constable—Cholmley, Strickland. Best—Norcliffe, Coore, of Scruton, see Gale. Beste— Best. Copsie—Favell, Scott. BETHELL, of Rise. Cromwell—Worsley. Bingham—Belasyse.
    [Show full text]
  • Design, Access, Planning and Heritage Statement
    Design, Access, Planning and Heritage Statement for Erection of 4 dwellings, a detached garage & associated landscaping (retrospective) & proposed outbuilding (alteration) At Manor Garth, School Lane, Holmpton East Yorkshire, HU19 2QS DATE: February 2021 REF: LENNY 02 2021 LENNY 02 2021 - Page 1 INTRODUCTION This statement has been based on the best guidance issued by CABE to accompany the Government publication ‘Guidance on changes to the development control system.’ To be read in conjunction with plans as retained / proposed submitted with this Design, Access, Planning & Heritage Statement. BACKGROUND INFORMATION DESCRIPTION Erection of 4 dwellings, a detached garage and associated landscaping (retrospective) and proposed outbuilding (alterations) at Manor Garth, School lane, Holmpton, East Yorkshire, HU19 2QS APPLICANT Mr M Lenny AGENT Frank Hill & Son (Architectural Services) Ltd, 18 Market Place, Patrington, HU12 0RB LENNY 02 2021 - Page 2 DESIGN ASSESMENT EXISTING SITE PHOTOS The red circle denotes the location the site at the junction between School Lane and Out Newton Road. LENNY 02 2021 - Page 3 PHYSICAL CONTEXT Holmpton is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, in an area known as Holderness. It is situated approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Withernsea town centre and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the village of Patrington. It lies just inland from the North Sea coast. According to the 2001 UK census, Holmpton parish had a population of 193 which since the census will have increased to around 300. The parish church of St Nicholas is a Grade II listed building. The image below taken from Google Earth shows the site (outlined in red), in relation to the rest of the village built environment.
    [Show full text]
  • BC 0004 6 Page Proof
    ENQUIRE VISIT US TODAY! TODAY! What’s Local Beverley Racecourse | 30 minutes Have a day out in the historic market town of Burton Constable Hall | On Your Doorstep Beverley and check out the beautiful Beverley Offering acres of countryside Racecourse while you’re there! Home to the Constable family for over 700 years, this Elizabethan Stately Home is one of Yorkshire’s to explore and discover most fascinating English country houses. Tunstall Beach | 25 minutes With its unique rural charm and wide sandy beach, Ganstead Park Golf Club | 10 minutes Tunstall is the perfect spot for those wanting to get away from it all. An established leading golf course of East Riding, Ganstead Park is a beautiful and easily accessible An Exclusive 5 Star Holiday Park by grassy mounds, mature trees and sculptured in the idyllic rural setting lakes and bunkers. of East Yorkshire Burton Constable Holiday Park, The Old Lodges, Hornsea Beach | 25 minutes Sproatley, Rise Great Cowden A classic seaside resort with an extensive sand and South Landing Beach | 50 minutes East Yorkshire, perfect for relaxing peacefully. HU11 4LJ Set within an area designated as a Local Nature A165 Reserve, South Landing Beach is backed by grassy, 01964 562508 East Newton chalk cliffs overlooking a sandy, pebbled beach. Burton For Holiday Homes Swine [email protected] Constable Sproatley For Camping, Glamping & Rentals Fitling [email protected] @bchpa Preston @info_BCHP A1033 Call us on 01964 562508 @burtonconstable_holidaypark ENQUIRE Visit England TODAY! 5 Star Rated Caravan Holiday Homes For Sale Holiday Park When you fancy a bit of peace and quiet in the Yorkshire countryside, but don’t relish the idea of towing a caravan, our luxurious static holiday homes offer the perfect solution.
    [Show full text]
  • East Riding of Yorkshire Council
    East Riding of Yorkshire Council Allocations Document Proposed Submission Sustainability Appraisal Appendices Volume I January 2014 Allocations SA Vol I Appendices EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL – SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL OF THE ALLOCATIONS DOCUMENT East Riding of Yorkshire Council Allocations Document Proposed Submission Sustainability Appraisal Appendices Volume I January 2014 Notice This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for East Riding of Yorkshire Council information and use in relation to Sustainability Appraisal of the East Riding of Yorkshire Council Allocations Development Plan Document. This report may not be used by any person other than East Riding of Yorkshire Council without East Riding of Yorkshire's express permission. In any event, Atkins accepts no liability for any costs, liabilities or losses arising as a result of the use of or reliance upon the contents of this report by any person other than East Riding of Yorkshire. EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL – SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL OF THE ALLOCATIONS DOCUMENT Document History JOB NUMBER: 5039046 DOCUMENT REF: Vol I Allocations Document SA Appendices.docx EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE COUNCIL – SUSTAINABILITY APPRAISAL OF THE ALLOCATIONS DOCUMENT Contents Section Page Appendices Volume I Appendix A - Plans, Policies and Programmes Review 7 Appendix B - Baseline Data Tables 17 Appendix C – Consultees’ Comments 63 List of Tables Table A.1– Relevant Plans and Programmes 8 Table B.1– Baseline Data, Indicators and Trends for Social Issues 18
    [Show full text]
  • Hornsea Hospital Services Will Be Expanded
    Hornseaand district www.murrayhillssolicitors.co.uk COMMUNITY NEWS [email protected] Wills . Probate . Property Law . Power of A orney Issue 52 - March 2019 www.hornseacommunitynews.uk Hornsea hospital services will be expanded Services Provider to review the services provided in the reassured by the answers to my ques ons and I look SERVICES at Hornsea Co age Hospital will be expanded hospital. forward to mid-March when it should all happen, including from March Hornsea Town Council have heard at a recent Carol Waudby confi rmed that services would be expanding extra wound clinic's, extra podiatry clinic's, more physio mee ng. to include wound care clinics every weekday, foot care and new con nence, bowel and bladder clinic. All this is The council welcomed Jane Hawkard, Chief Offi cer at East clinics two days a week, musculoskeletal clinics two days a dependent on ge ng the staff . I am so pleased that we Riding of Yorkshire Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) week in the bespoke physiotherapy space at the hospital seem to be moving forward with new op ons and keeping and Carol Waudby, Chief Opera ng Offi cer at City Health and a regular con nence, bowel and bladder clinic. Carol the hospital available for the future of our residents in Care Partnership (CHCP) CIC to talk to them prior to their hoped the new metable would be available from early to Hornsea and North Holderness.” mee ng on Monday, February 4. The representa ves met mid-March. Jane con nued, “The CCG is working with the League of MP Graham Stuart added: “I was
    [Show full text]
  • The Rural Economy of Holderness Medieval
    !. ii' i ~ , ! The Rural Economy of Medieval i li i Holderness h i By D. J. SIDDLE HE student of the medieval landscape The plain of Holderness is the triangular is often confronted by apparently con- peninsula which forms the south-eastern ex- T flicting evidence. This fact is nowhere tremity of Yorkshire. The region is bounded better illustrated than in the plain of Holder- to the west and north by the dip slopes of the ness, one of England's smallest and most dis- Yorkshire Wolds, and to the south and east tinctive regions. The chronicler of the Cister- by the Humber estuary and the North Sea. cian monastery of Meaux (in the Hull valley), In the case of Holderness, the use of the word recording the partition of lands which fol- plain is deceptive. Within the limits of its lowed the Norman conquest, noted that the subdued relief, the region contains consider- new earle of Holderness inherited a land; able topographical variety. In the east are a "... which was exceedingly barren and in- series of arcuate moraines, extending from fertile at this time, so that it produced nothing north-east to south-east, representing various but oats. ''1 In his recent study of the Domes- stages in the glacial retreat. They often rise day material, Maxwell summarizes the Hol- to 25 ft, but are rarely above 5° ft. Much dis- derness returns in this way, "... in spite of its sected by post-glacial stream erosion, these marshy nature, Holderness was the most areas of boulder clay display little continuity, prosperous part of the East Riding in the especially in south Holderness.
    [Show full text]