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Proquest Dissertations Late Prehistoric technological and social reorganization along the Mogollon Rim, Arizona Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Kaldahl, Eric James, 1971- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 18:48:00 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284218 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may t)e from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print t>leedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. in the unlikely event that the author did not serKJ UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to t>e removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overiaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6' x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and teaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 LATE PREHISTORIC TECHNOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL REORGANIZATION ALONG THE MOGOLLON RIM, ARIZONA by Eric James Kaldahl Copyright © Eric James Kaldahl 2000 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2000 UMI Number 9983912 Copyright 2000 by Kaldahl, Eric James All rights reserved. UMI^ UMi Microform 9983912 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17. United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ® GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by James Kaldahl entitled Late Prehistoric Technological and- Social Reorganization alcxig the Mogollon Rim, Arizcxia and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Etulosophy Mills Date Steven L. Kuhn^ Date n Reid Date K. Davis jf Date Dean Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Dissertation DirectorI- Barbara J. Mills Date STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without sfjecial permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of sources is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copvTight holder. SIGNED 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee: Dr. Barbara J. Mills, who has guided me through my graduate career and has been an inspiring professional role model as both educator and scholar; Dr. Steve Kuhn, whose humor, insight, and chipped stone acumen vastly improved this research project and made its development far more enjoyable; and Dr. Jeff Reid, whose knowledge of Pueblo sites and the Grasshopper collections was indispensable to the successful conclusion of this study. I would also like to express thanks to my minor committee members. Dr. Jeff Dean and Dr. Owen Davis, both of whom opened my eyes to different research directions. I would like to thank my three greatest research inspirations: Dr. Margaret Nelson provided wonderful insights in the early stages of this study; Dr. John Whittaker helped me work through the critical Room 246 collection and provided wonderful insights into Grasshopper Pueblo's flintknappers; and Dr. Mike Schiffer, who served on my committee for a time, and provided invaluable comments on prior drafts. All three of these scholars produced dissertations on the subject of chipped stone artifacts in pueblos, and those documents became well-loved friends over the course of this study. For fiscal support, I would like to thank the Jacob K. Javits Congressional Fellowship Program that supported me during the first two years of this study; and the Field Museum of Natural History Scholarship Committee who provided me with needed travel funds to access their collections. Part of my livelihood during the analysis of the artifacts for this study came from research grants awarded to SC.ARP's Director Dr. Barbara Mills and Assistant Director Dr. Sarah Herr. For professional courtesy. I would like to thank Dr. Steve Nash of the Field Museum of Natural Histor>'. whose help was invaluable to me in accessing the artifacts and archives of the Paul S. Martin collection; and Susan Stinson. who lent me her petrographic e.xpertise for the identification of a diabase specimen. The site maps that were used in this dissertation from the Grasshopper area were originally created by Dr. Charles Riggs and for the Silver Creek area by Doug Gann, unless otherwise cited. 1 would like to thank all of the members of the Silver Creek research team with whom 1 worked closely for their ideas, professional collaboration, and personal support: Sarah Herr. Jenny Homer, Billy Graves, Joarme Newcomb, Liz Perry. Susan Stinson, Trenna Valado, and Scott Van Keuren. In addition to the SCARP research team, I would like to thank Todd Surovell, whose ideas early on in this project were ver}' thought-provoking, and Dr. Patti Cook, whose encouragement at the end of the project provided some much needed inspiration. And always, I express my gratitude to my family. Most especially Henry and Bertha Reifschneider, my grandparents; Tim and Christine Kaldahl, my brother and sister-in-law: and my parents, Phil and .A.nn Kaldahl. I could never have done this without you. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES 9 LIST OF FIGURES 14 ABSTRACT 16 CHAPTER I: CHIPPED STONE TOOLS IN PUEBLO SOCIETY 18 The Organization of Technology; Frameworks for Inquir>' 21 Elevating the Chipped Stone Step-Child in the American Southwest 24 Organization of Theoretical Chapters 27 CHAPTER II: SOCIAL REORGANIZATION AND INTERNAL FRONTIERS 31 Pueblo Migrations in Late Prehistor\' 33 Migration and the Mogollon Rim Internal Frontier 35 Chipped Stone Technological Expectations 39 Aggregation and Social Processes 43 Household and Inter-Household Economics Ties 48 Aggregation and the Labor Pool 52 Social Integration in the Aggregated Settlement 56 Chipped Stone Technological Expectations 59 Chipped Stone Technological Expectations 59 Theoretical and Technological Expectation Summary" 70 CHAPTER III: CULTURAL FORMATION PROCESSES AND SETTLEMENT AGGREGATION 75 Energy. Organi2:ation. and Aggregation 76 Ethnographic Models of Flintknapping Reftise Disposal Behavior 79 Chipped Stone Technological Expectations 82 Sampling a Pueblo 86 Deposit Structure and Techjiological Expectations 89 CHAPTER IV: BEHAVIORAL CHAINS AND CHAINE OPERATOIRE: METHODS OF TECHNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS 95 Chaine Operatoire and Cultural Technolog>' 98 Behavioral Chains and Behavioral Archaeology 101 Linking Chains and Chaines 104 The Organizing Technological Model 109 Variables to Model a Dynamic Chain of Action 111 Artifact Morphology Variables 117 Organization of Data Presentation Chapters 120 CHAPTER V: STUDY AREA OVERVIEW 122 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS-Commr/ec/ The Natural Setting 122 Climate 122 Paleoecological Reconstructions for East-Central Arizona 123 Ecology of the Study Area 127 Mogollon Rim Climate 130 The Flintknapper's Palette: Geology of the Study Area 131 Geologic History 131 Available Raw Materials and their Properties 136 Raw Material Acquisition in Pueblo Arizona 140 Site Descriptions: Hay Hollow Valley Area 140 Carter Ranch 141 Broken K Pueblo 144 Site Descriptions: Southern Silver Creek Area 147 Hough's Great Kiva and AZ P:16:160(ASM) 148 Cothrun's Kiva 153 Potter>' Hill 155 Bailey Ruin 157 Site Descriptions: The Grasshopper Plateau Area 159 Grasshopper Spring 160 Chodistaas 161 Grasshopper Pueblo 164 CHAPTER VI: SETTLEMENT AGGREGATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL DIVERSITY 168 Raw Material Acquisition 173 Chipped Stone Tool Production 177 Tool Use (Consumption) 181 Discard 184 Summary 187 CHAPTER VII: ACTIVITY AREAS AND CULTURAL FORMATION PROCESSES 189 AZP:16:160 189 Cothrun's
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