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Fluoride-Containing Toothpastes Available in Two European Countries

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Fluoride-Containing Toothpastes Available in Two European Countries PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 16(2): 187–195, 2006 187 Short Communication Fluoride-containing toothpastes available in two European countries Fusao Nishikawara*1,2, Yoshiaki Nomura*1,2, Yoh Tamaki*1,2,3, Seiko Katsumura*4, Yoshinobu Asada*5 and Nobuhiro Hanada*2 *1 Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Health, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, JAPAN *2 Department of Oral Health, National Institute of Public Health 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, JAPAN *3 Division of Oral Health, Department of Health Science, Kanagawa Dental College 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, JAPAN *4 Department of Anatomy, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, JAPAN *5 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, JAPAN Abstract The caries-preventive effect of fluoride is well known. The Key words widespread use of fluoride-containing toothpastes and mouthrinses has been Fluoride, recommended to reduce dental caries. Many kinds of fluoride-containing Prevention of dental caries, toothpastes are available in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the Toothpastes current status of fluoride-containing toothpastes on the market in two European countries. Fluoride-containing toothpastes were purchased from retail outlets in Cardiff, United Kingdom, and Frankfurt, Germany. The ingredients labels were studied to determine the type and concentration of fluoride. Most of the toothpastes contained sodium fluoride (56.4%); some contained monofluoroacetic sodium (31.7%), stearyl trihydroxyethyl propylenediamine dihydrofluoride (1.0%), aluminium fluoride (1.0%), stannous fluoride (2.0%), or amine fluoride (5.0%). The concentration of fluoride in these products ranged from 800 to 1,500 ppm. The effectiveness of fluoride for the prevention of prevention of dental caries3). dental caries has been clearly established. There Many kinds of fluoride-containing toothpastes are several methods for the application of fluoride, are available throughout the world. In Japan, 87% of including water fluoridation, varnishes, and several the toothpastes currently on the market contain some other commercially available professional and self- form of fluoride4). A review indicated that between applied products. In Japan, according to the water 20% and 40% of toothpastes contain fluoride as an quality standards of the Japan Waterworks Law, the anticaries agent. Moreover, it has been suggested fluoride concentration of tap water should be kept at that fluoride-containing toothpastes may also have a level not exceeding 0.8 ppm. However, in fact, the an anti-caries effect in children5,6). Because many concentration of fluoride in the public water supply toothpastes containing fluoride are available in in most districts of Japan has been reported to be Europe, we carried out a field survey to gain a less than 0.1 ppm1,2). The World Health Organization better understanding of the market sales of these (WHO) recommends a concentration of 0.5 to products in two countries. We visited pharmacies, 1.0 ppm of fluoride in the drinking water for the supermarkets, general shops, and kiosks in Cardiff and Frankfurt, from which we purchased many Received on March 24, 2006 toothpastes. The products obtained are shown in Accepted on July 31, 2006 Table 1a–b. A total of 52 and 49 fluoride-containing 187 188 Nishikawara, F., Nomura, Y., Tamaki, Y. et al. Table 1a The toothpastes purchased in Cardiff, United Kingdom that contained fluoride Fluoride Country of Company Product name Ingredients concentration production (ppm) aqua, sorbitol, hydrated silicate, cellulose, sodium citrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, disodium phosphate, sodium phosphate, aroma, sodium Boots Whitening — 1,090 carboxymethylcellulose, zinc citrate, sodium fluoride, sodium saccharide, clorofene bromide, dye The Boots Co. sorbitol, aqua, cellulose, caprylic acid/capric acid triglyceride, hydrated silicate, sodium tripolyphosphate, xylitol, sodium citrate, PEG1600, Boots Advanced — aroma, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, citric 1,450 Stainguard System acid, sodium fluoride, sodium saccharide, sodium sulfate, sodium hydrate, dye aqua, aluminium hydroxide, sorbitol, calcium levofolinate dihydrate, glycerin, aroma, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, monofluoroacetic Carter Products Ltd. Pearl Drops Toothpolish — 1,000 sodium phosphate, polysorbic acid 20, sodium saccharide, methylparaben, menthol sorbitol, aqua, hydrated silicate, glycerin, tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, Carter-Wallace Ltd. Pearl Drops Smokers — sodium lauryl sulfate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, PEG600, aroma, — sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium saccharide, sodium fluoride, dye sodium bicarbonate, aqua, glycerin, sodium saccharide, PEG400, Arm & Hammer Dental USA sarcosine sodium, aroma, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium 1,100 Care Original lauryl sulfate, sodium fluoride sorbitol, silicic acid anhydride, aqua, glycerin, alumina, aroma, sodium Arm & Hammer P.M. Church & Dwight USA lauryl sulfate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, monofluoroacetic sodium 1,320 Night-Time Protection Co. Inc. phosphate, zinc citrate, sodium saccharide sodium bicarbonate, aqua, glycerin, alumina, tetrasodium Arm & Hammer pyrophosphate, aroma, PEG400, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium USA 1,100 Extra Whitening lauryl sulfate, sodium saccharide, monofluoroacetic sodium phosphate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, glycerin, sorbitol, sodium Colgate fluoride, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, monofluoroacetic sodium UK 1,450 Cavity Protection phosphate, PEG600, sodium lauryl sulfate, saccharin sodium, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, aroma, aqua purificate calcium carbonate, aqua, sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulfate, monofluoroacetic sodium phosphate, PEG600, aroma, carrageenan, Colgate UK sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium silicate, sodium saccharide, 1,450 Herbal methylparaben, propylparaben, tee-tree extract, sage extract, eugenol, mirrh extract, chamomilla extract, dye sorbitol, aqua, hydrated silicate, PEG600, sodium lauryl sulfate, aroma, Colgate UK sodium carboxymethylcellulose, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium 1,450 Fresh Confidence fluoride, sodium saccharide, triclosan, glycerin, dye sorbitol, aqua, hydrated silicate, glycerin, PEG600, sodium lauryl Colgate UK sulfate, aroma, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium fluoride, sodium 1,450 Triple Cool Stripe saccharide, dye glycerin, hydrated silicate, sodium bicarbonate, propylene glycol, aqua, sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium lauryl Colgate UK sulfate, monofluoroacetic sodium phosphate, aroma, calcium peroxide, 1,450 Sensation Deep Clean carrageenan, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium hydrate, sodium saccharide, dye aqua, hydrated silicate, sorbitol, glycerin, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, Colgate poly methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, aroma, sodium lauryl UK 1,450 Colgate-Palmolive Whitening sulfate, titanium dioxide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, carrageenan, UK sodium fluoride, sodium hydrate, sodium saccharide aqua, hydrated silicate, sorbitol, glycerin, PEG600, tetrasodium Colgate pyrophosphate, poly methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, sodium Anti-Tartar with UK 1,100 lauryl sulfate, aroma, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium hydrate, Whitening carrageenan, sodium saccharide, sodium fluoride, dye poly methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, hydrated silicate, Colgate glycerin, sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium fluoride, aroma, sodium UK 1,450 Total carboxymethylcellulose, titanium dioxide, sodium saccharide, carrageenan, sodium hydrate, aqua FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTES IN EUROPE 189 poly methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, hydrated silicate, glycerin, sorbitol, sodium lauryl sulfate, aroma, sodium Colgate UK carboxymethylcellulose, sodium fluoride, titanium dioxide, sodium 1,450 Total Fresh Stripe saccharide, carrageenan, sodium hydrate, hydrated silicate, aluminium potassium sulfate, aqua, dye aqua, hydrated silicate, sorbitol, glycerin, poly methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, sodium lauryl sulfate, aroma, sodium Colgate UK carboxymethylcellulose, sodium hydrate, sodium fluoride, triclosan, 1,450 Total Plus Whitening carrageenan, sodium saccharide, hydrated silicate, aluminium potassium sulfate, dye aqua, calcium carbonate, sorbitol, glycerin, hydrated silicate, sodium lauryl sulfate, aroma, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, monofluoroacetic Ultrabrite — 1,000 sodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium saccharide, methylparaben, propylparaben calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, glycerin, alumina, sorbitol, Rembrandt aqua, sodium citrate, cocamidopropyl betaine, aroma, monofluoroacetic USA 1,200 Extra Whitening sodium phosphate, sodium lauryl sulfate, papain, citric acid, sodium saccharide, methylparaben, dye Den-Mat calcium hydrogen phosphate, aqua, glycerin, sorbitol, alumina, Rembrandt Plus cocamidopropyl betaine, aroma, zinc citrate, monofluoroacetic sodium USA 1,200 Superior Whitening phosphate, carrageenan, papain, citric acid, calcium peroxide, sodium saccharide, methylparaben calcium carbonate, aqua, sorbitol, glycerin, zeolite, hydrated silicate, sodium lauryl sulfate, aroma, titanium dioxide, sodium Clinomyn E.C. De Witt & Co. — carboxymethylcellulose, monofluoroacetic sodium phosphate, trisodium 1,000 Smokers Toothpaste phosphate, methyl polysiloxane, sodium saccharide, methylparaben, propylparaben aqua, sorbitol, hydrated silicate,
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