Glenn Seaborg 1912 - 1999
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Cell Circuitry || Science Teaches English || The Chicken Genome Is Hot || Magnets in Medicine SEPTEMBER 2002 www.hhmi.org/bulletin Leading Doublea Life It’s a stretch, but doctors who work bench to bedside say they wouldn’t do it any other way. FEATURES 14 On Human Terms 24 The Evolutionary War A small—some say too small—group of Efforts to undermine evolution education have physician-scientists believes the best science evolved into a 21st-century marketing cam- requires patient contact. paign that relies on legal acumen, manipulation By Marlene Cimons of scientific literature and grassroots tactics. 20 Engineering the Cell By Trisha Gura Adam Arkin sees the cell as a mechanical system. He hopes to transform molecular 28 Call of the Wild biology into a kind of cellular engineering Could quirky, new animal models help scien- and in the process, learn how to move cells tists learn how to regenerate human limbs or from sickness to health. avert the debilitating effects of a stroke? By M. Mitchell Waldrop By Kathryn Brown 24 In front of a crowd of 1,500, Ohio’s Board of Education heard testimony on whether students should learn about intelligent design in science class. DEPARTMENTS 2 NOTA BENE 33 PERSPECTIVE ulletin Intelligent Design Is a Cop-Out 4 LETTERS September 2002 || Volume 15 Number 3 NEWS AND NOTES HHMI TRUSTEES PRESIDENT’S LETTER 5 JAMES A. BAKER, III, ESQ. 34 Senior Partner, Baker & Botts A Creative Influence In from the Fields ALEXANDER G. BEARN, M.D. Executive Officer, American Philosophical Society 35 Lost on the Tip of the Tongue Adjunct Professor, The Rockefeller University UP FRONT Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Cornell University Medical College 36 Biology by Numbers FRANK WILLIAM GAY 6 Follow the Songbird Former President and Chief Executive Officer, SUMMA Corporation JAMES H. -
Early Synchrotrons in Britain, and Early Work for Cern
EARLY SYNCHROTRONS IN BRITAIN, AND EARLY WORK FOR CERN J. D. Lawson Formerly Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxon, UK Abstract Early work on electron synchrotrons in the UK, including an account of the conversion of a small betatron in 1946 to become the world’s first synchrotron, is described first. This is followed by a description of the design and construction of the 1 GeV synchrotron at the University of Birmingham which was started in the same year. Finally an account is given of the work of the international team during 1952–3, which formed the basis for the design of the CERN PS before the move to Geneva. It was during this year that John Adams showed the outstanding ability that later brought the project to such a successful conclusion. 1 EARLY PLANS IN BRITAIN: THE WORLD’S FIRST SYNCHROTRON During the second world war Britain’s nuclear physicists were deployed in research directed towards winning the war. Many were engaged in developments associated with radar, (or ‘radiolocation’ as it was then called), both at universities and at government laboratories, such as the radar establishments TRE and ADRDE at Malvern. Others contributed to the atomic bomb programme, both in the UK, and in the USA. Towards the end of the war, when victory seemed assured, the nuclear physicists began looking towards the peacetime future. The construction of new particle accelerators to achieve ever higher energies was seen as one of the more important possibilities. Those working at Berkeley on the electromagnetic separator were familiar with the accelerators there, and following the independent invention (or discovery?) there of the principle of phase stability by Edwin McMillan in 1945, exciting possibilities were immediately apparent [4]. -
MASTER NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C 1983
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN C0NP 830214 RESEARCH WITH TRANSPLUTONIUM ELEMENTS DE85 010852 Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology Committee on Nuclear and Radlochemistry Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources National Research Council DISCLAIMER This iw.oort was prepared as an account of work spcnsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsi- bility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any infonnation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Refer- ence herein to any specific commercial product, process, or scivice by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recom- mendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. MASTER NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C 1983 DISTBIBUHOU OF THIS DOCUMENT IS Workshop Steering Committee Gerhart Friedlander, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Chairman Gregory R. Choppin, Florida State University Richard L. Hoff, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Darleane C. Hoffman, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Ex-Officio James A. Ibers, Northwestern University Robert A. Penneman, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Thomas G. Spiro, Princeton University Henry Taube, Stanford University Joseph Weneser, Brookhaven National Laboratory Raymond G. Wymer, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Ex-Officio NRC Staff William Spindel, Executive Secretary Peggy J. Posey, Staff Associate Robert M. -
Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©
22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A. -
Melvin Calvin
M ELVIN C A L V I N The path of carbon in photosynthesis Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1961 Introduction It is almost sixty years since Emil Fischer was describing on a platform such as this one, some of the work which led to the basic knowledge of the struc- ture of glucose and its relatives 1 . Today we will be concerned with a de- scription of the experiments which have led to a knowledge of the principal reactions by which those carbohydrate structures are created by photo- synthetic organisms from carbon dioxide and water, using the energy of light. The speculations on the way in which carbohydrate was built from carbon dioxide began not long after the recognition of the basic reaction and were carried forward first by Justus von Liebig and then by Adolf von Baeyer and, finally, by Richard Willstätter and Arthur Stall into this century. Actually, the route by which animal organisms performed the reverse reaction, that is, the combustion of carbohydrate to carbon dioxide and water with the utili- zation of the energy resulting from this combination, turned out to be the first one to be successfully mapped, primarily by Otto Meyerhof 2 and Hans Krebs 3. Our own interest in the basic process of solar energy conversion by green plants, which is represented by the overall reaction began some time in the years between 1935 and 1937, during my post- doctoral studies with Professor Michael Polanyi at Manchester. It was there I first became conscious of the remarkable properties of coordinated metal compounds, particularly metalloporphyrins as represented by heme and chlorophyll. -
Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science
Nuclear Science—A Guide to the Nuclear Science Wall Chart ©2018 Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP) Appendix E Nobel Prizes in Nuclear Science Many Nobel Prizes have been awarded for nuclear research and instrumentation. The field has spun off: particle physics, nuclear astrophysics, nuclear power reactors, nuclear medicine, and nuclear weapons. Understanding how the nucleus works and applying that knowledge to technology has been one of the most significant accomplishments of twentieth century scientific research. Each prize was awarded for physics unless otherwise noted. Name(s) Discovery Year Henri Becquerel, Pierre Discovered spontaneous radioactivity 1903 Curie, and Marie Curie Ernest Rutherford Work on the disintegration of the elements and 1908 chemistry of radioactive elements (chem) Marie Curie Discovery of radium and polonium 1911 (chem) Frederick Soddy Work on chemistry of radioactive substances 1921 including the origin and nature of radioactive (chem) isotopes Francis Aston Discovery of isotopes in many non-radioactive 1922 elements, also enunciated the whole-number rule of (chem) atomic masses Charles Wilson Development of the cloud chamber for detecting 1927 charged particles Harold Urey Discovery of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) 1934 (chem) Frederic Joliot and Synthesis of several new radioactive elements 1935 Irene Joliot-Curie (chem) James Chadwick Discovery of the neutron 1935 Carl David Anderson Discovery of the positron 1936 Enrico Fermi New radioactive elements produced by neutron 1938 irradiation Ernest Lawrence -
Regional Oral History Office University of California the Bancroft Library Berkeley, California
Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Program in Bioscience and Biotechnology Studies RONALD E. CAPE, M.B.A., Ph. D. BIOTECH PIONEER AND CO-FOUNDER OF CETUS Interviews Conducted by Sally Smith Hughes in 2003 Copyright © 2006 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by legal agreements between The Regents of the University of California and Ronald Cape, dated December 18, 2003. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. -
Documenting the Biotechnology Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area
Documenting the Biotechnology Industry In the San Francisco Bay Area Robin L. Chandler Head, Archives and Special Collections UCSF Library and Center for Knowledge Management 1997 1 Table of Contents Project Goals……………………………………………………………………….p. 3 Participants Interviewed………………………………………………………….p. 4 I. Documenting Biotechnology in the San Francisco Bay Area……………..p. 5 The Emergence of An Industry Developments at the University of California since the mid-1970s Developments in Biotech Companies since mid-1970s Collaborations between Universities and Biotech Companies University Training Programs Preparing Students for Careers in the Biotechnology Industry II. Appraisal Guidelines for Records Generated by Scientists in the University and the Biotechnology Industry………………………. p. 33 Why Preserve the Records of Biotechnology? Research Records to Preserve Records Management at the University of California Records Keeping at Biotech Companies III. Collecting and Preserving Records in Biotechnology…………………….p. 48 Potential Users of Biotechnology Archives Approaches to Documenting the Field of Biotechnology Project Recommendations 2 Project Goals The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Library & Center for Knowledge Management and the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) are collaborating in a year-long project beginning in December 1996 to document the impact of biotechnology in the Bay Area. The collaborative effort is focused upon the development of an archival collecting model for the field of biotechnology to acquire original papers, manuscripts and records from selected individuals, organizations and corporations as well as coordinating with the effort to capture oral history interviews with many biotechnology pioneers. This project combines the strengths of the existing UCSF Biotechnology Archives and the UCB Program in the History of the Biological Sciences and Biotechnology and will contribute to an overall picture of the growth and impact of biotechnology in the Bay Area. -
Profiles, Pathways and Dreams: from Naïveté to the Hist Award
Bull. Hist. Chem., VOLUME 43, Number 2 (2018) 45 PROFILES, PATHWAYS AND DREAMS: FROM NAÏVETÉ TO THE HIST AWARD Jeffrey I. Seeman, Department of Chemistry, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA, 23173, [email protected] Editor’s Note the Bulletin for the History of Chemistry publishes that presentation. Seeman, a strong supporter of the Bulletin, Jeffrey I. Seeman of the University of Richmond preferred to be in the audience rather than lecture at the is the 2017 recipient of the HIST Award for Outstand- symposium. Nonetheless, he happily provided an award ing Lifetime Achievement in the History of Chemistry, manuscript for the Bulletin. He consulted several col- awarded annually by the American Chemical Society leagues on an appropriate topic for his award paper, and (ACS) Division of the History of Chemistry (HIST). This the following article is the result. In what follows, readers international award has been granted since 1956 under will get to know several of the 20th century’s prominent sequential sponsorships by the Dexter Chemical Com- organic chemists as well as Seeman. pany, the Sidney M. Edelstein Family and the Chemical Heritage Foundation, and HIST. Among the highlights —Carmen Giunta, Editor of Seeman’s work in history of chemistry are numerous articles on the history of 20th-century organic chemistry, Introduction service on the executive committee of HIST including a term as chair, founding and administering HIST’s Cita- Work like you don’t need the money. Love like tion for Chemical Breakthrough Award program, the pro- you’ve never been hurt. Dance like nobody’s watching. -
In This Issue to Launch Celebration of 20Th Anniversary of IACS
Vol. 15 No. 1 • February 2016 Promoting Cardiovascular Education, Research and Prevention CV Network THE OFFICIAL BULLETIN OF THE INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES PUBLISHED WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE DAVID N DREMAN FOUNDATION, MYLES ROBINSON MEMORIAL HEART TRUST & ST. BONIFACE HOSPITAL FOUNDATION In this issue To launch celebration of 20th Anniversary of IACS 02 Special Recognition for Ivan Berkowitz MBA 02 A Message from the President 03 Medal of Merit Recipients 21 Other IACS Awards Winners 23 2016 IACS Awards and Acknowledgements 24 IACS Fellows 26 IACS Officers and Executive Council Members 27 IACS Fellows Emeritus 27 Editorial Board 28 20 years of IACS meetings held around the world 31 Official Journals of IACS 32 Winnipeg Caribbean Community Launches CVD Program 33 CTAEGYPT 2016 – Cairo, Egypt – April 28-30, 2016 34 Peru/Brazil Postdoctoral Joint Meeting – Lima, Peru – May 20-21, 2016 35 Argentina/Brazil Postdoctoral Joint Meeting – Buenos Aires, Argentina July 21, 2016 36 4th Cardiovascular Forum for Promoting Centres of Excellence and Young Investigators – Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada – September 22-24, 2016 37 European Section Cruise – October 1-4, 2016 38 26th Scientific Forum – Belo Horizonte, Brazil – October 20-22, 2016 39 8th International Conference on Translation Research in Cardiovascular Science – Gujarat, India 42 XXV Scientific Forum – International Congress of Cardiovascular Sciences in Brazil 43 Officers of Different Sections of the Academy 44 Remembering Someone Special 44 Honorary Life Presidency 45 Retire? Not a chance – it’s time for a major new focus! 48 Bill Clinton – Decide to live a healthier life www.heartacademy.org CV Network – Vol. -
Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates
Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates In December 1902, the first Nobel Prize was awarded in Stockholm to Wilhelm Roentgen, the discoverer of X-rays. Alfred Nobel (1833-96), a Swedish industrialist and inventor of dynamite, had bequeathed a $9 million endowment to fund significant cash prizes ($40,000 in 1901, about $1 million today) to those individuals who had made the most important contributions in five domains (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace); the sixth, in "Economic Sciences," was added in 1969. Nobel could hardly have imagined the almost mythic status that would accrue to the laureates. From the start "The Prize" became one of the most sought-after awards in the world, and eventually the yardstick against which other prizes and recognition were to be measured. Certainly the roster of Nobel laureates includes many of the most famous names of the 20th century: Marie Curie, Albert Einstein, Mother Teresa, Winston Churchill, Albert Camus, Boris Pasternak, Albert Schweitzer, the Dalai Lama and many others. Nobel Prizes have been awarded to approximately 850 laureates of whom at least 177 of them are/were Jewish although Jews comprise less than 0.2% of the world's population. In the 20th century, Jews, more than any other minority, ethnic or cultural, have been recipients of the Nobel Prize. How to account for Jewish proficiency at winning Nobel’s? It's certainly not because Jews do the judging. All but one of the Nobel’s are awarded by Swedish institutions (the Peace Prize by Norway). The standard answer is that the premium placed on study and scholarship in Jewish culture inclines Jews toward more education, which in turn makes a higher proportion of them "Nobel-eligible" than in the larger population. -
Remembering Melvin Calvin (1911–1997), a Highly Versatile Scientist of the 20Th Century
Remembering Melvin Calvin (1911–1997), a highly versatile scientist of the 20th century Govindjee Govindjee, Arthur Nonomura & Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler Photosynthesis Research Official Journal of the International Society of Photosynthesis Research ISSN 0166-8595 Photosynth Res DOI 10.1007/s11120-019-00693-y 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Nature B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Photosynthesis Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s11120-019-00693-y HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY Remembering Melvin Calvin (1911–1997), a highly versatile scientist of the 20th century Govindjee Govindjee1 · Arthur Nonomura2 · Hartmut K. Lichtenthaler3 Received: 7 October 2019 / Accepted: 17 November 2019 © Springer Nature B.V. 2019 Abstract Melvin Calvin (1911–1997) was the recipient of the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of the canonical pho- tosynthetic carbon reduction cycle. We present here a very brief glimpse of this extraordinary American scientist, who in his time was a preeminent force in physical and organic chemistry.