NO. 164, WINTER (JAN-MAR) 2021

INSIDE THIS ISSUE

ƒƒ OCEAN VIEW: 2021 – LOOKING AHEAD 2

ƒƒ I AM WILD OCEANS: WILD OCEANS Wild BOARD MEMBER JODY BRIGHT 3 ƒƒ 2020: OUR YEAR IN REVIEW 4

ƒƒ 2020 OCEAN HONOR ROLL 5

ƒƒ TURNING THE TIDE: WILD OCEANS NEWS AND ACTIVITIES 6

ƒƒ FLORIDA FORAGE FISH COALITION The Horizon SCIENCE CORNER 7

ADAPTING TO A CHANGING OCEAN Rethinking Fisheries Flexibility By Theresa Labriola case scenarios and potential solu- shifts on predators that depend on Pacific Program Director tions for responding to the effects this prey. Only then can we evaluate As extreme cold poured into south- of climate change. “Flexibility” con- harvest strategies to preserve biodi- ern states in February, power fail- tinues to gain attention. versity and ecological relationships. ures followed and cast a spotlight on Flexibility is often construed as the Fisheries may need to adapt their whether energy companies and reg- ability to quickly change regula- methods, gear, vessels and markets ulators are adequately preparing for tions to allow fishing activity in a to successfully target a newly-avail- climate change. This echoes a similar new place, at a new time or for a able species. concern in fisheries management. new species. The focus has been on Adaptability relies on commercial The extreme weather that scientists maximizing yield in response to un- and recreational fishing diversity. A warn will become more common predictable events and stock shifts. diverse fishing community provides has strained power plants and has But, flexibility for the sake of maxi- the infrastructure needed to seize also caused ocean changes, shifted mizing yield comes at the expense of new opportunities. Adaptability stocks and disrupted the supply of sustainability. also relies on innovation. In South- sustainable seafood. Experts agree Discovering solutions to climate ef- ern California, deep-set buoy gear we need to change our paradigm; we fects requires an understanding of was developed that not only targets must think about worst-case scenari- ecosystem structure and function with more than 80% effi- os to reduce our vulnerability. and how human actions might impact ciency, it steers clear of threatened As ocean conditions change and fish the changing ecosystem. We must and endangered species. Designing stocks shift, we must build durable ensure that new fishing activity will selective gear becomes more impor- responses that protect ecosystems not undermine ecosystem health. tant in a shifting landscape where while encouraging fisheries to adapt. Then we can ask, "Are our fisheries the ability to engage in new oppor- Then we can avoid a black swan flexible and adaptable enough to op- tunities may hinge on avoiding non- event and ensure ocean resources erate in the new paradigm?" target species. and opportunities thrive to their full- For example, as West Coast forage The push towards flexibility must not est extent. fish shift northward, new fishing op- pull attention away from the impact Fishery managers are preparing by portunities will arise for squid, sar- of human activities on the ocean. We using climate scenario planning to dine or anchovy. We must first un- can adapt our fishing practices to identify potential challenges, worst- derstand the impact of these stock new opportunities that contribute to a sustainable future. 

P.O. Box 272122, Tampa, FL 33688 WildOceans.org Ocean View

2021 – Looking Ahead With a challenging 2020 in the rearview In 2020, The Driftnet Modernization and were pleased when the idea of this leg- mirror and our new 5-year Strategic Plan Bycatch Reduction Act passed the U.S. islation was first mentioned. The Forage complete, it’s time to look to the coming Senate unanimously and was approved Fish Conservation Act, as introduced in year with optimism and focus. While we by the House only to be vetoed by the the 116th Congress, had good provisions experienced a couple setbacks in two of President. In 2021, we will work to again but was problematic, excluding im- our decades-long campaigns this past year, help pass this important legislation which portant forage species groups such as Wild Oceans is not about giving up. It is our will permanently (and finally) ban the use squid. In 2021, we will advocate for legis- perseverance that has allowed us to exist of drift gillnets in all U.S .waters. lation that promotes ecologically-sustain- for nearly a half a century. So, 2021 holds • Magnuson-Stevens Act Reauthorization: able management of all forage fisheries the promise of progress by doing what we The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conser- through science-based best practices. do best – “sticking with an issue until we vation and Management Act (MSA), the • Conserving at Home and Abroad: get a win for the fish.” In addition to our primary law governing fisheries in fed- Wild Oceans and the International Game on-going interaction with regional fishery eral ocean waters, was last amended Fish Association led the charge in the managers, we will be working on the fol- and reauthorized in 2006. In December passage of The Billfish Conservation Act, lowing federal priorities. 2020, a discussion draft was released which prohibits billfish imports and sales • Gear Restricted Areas: Despite strong that addresses many of our priorities by in the U.S., providing a limited exemp- recommendations from more than 60 incorporating climate change science in tion for traditional fisheries and markets groups and 16,000 public comments, fisheries management, adding new tools in Hawaii and nearby territories. With the in January 2020, NOAA announced that and procedures for attending to shifting U.S. billfish market restricted to these lo- it would reopen the surface longline stocks, strengthening essential fish habi- cal sales, we turned our attention to the fi shery in the Gulf of Mexico, including tat protection and conserving forage domestic and international management areas of peak spawning for the western fish. In 2021, we will continue to provide of billfish, where limits on landings are population of . In input on MSA reauthorization bills as they needed. In 2021, we will work interna- 2021 we aim to overturn this new rule by move through Congress to ensure that tionally and domestically to adopt a per- educating decision makers and working to legislation advances conservation and manent rebuilding plan for Pacific striped reinstate these proven conservation mea- responsible management of our nation’s . We will focus on research efforts sures. fisheries. to better understand billfish spawning • Drift Gillnet Legislation: For more than • Forage Fish Conservation Act: As an grounds and will work to strengthen man- 3 decades, Wild Oceans has worked to organization that has spent decades agement measures to protect them. remove drift gillnets from U.S. waters. advancing forage fish conservation, we – Rob Kramer, President For the Future of Fishing Wild Oceans is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to keeping the oceans wild to preserve fishing opportunities for the future. Our Goals: Officers and Staff: Board of Directors: ●● preventing overfishing and restoring Tim Choate, Chairman Mary Barley (Islamorada, FL) depleted fish populations to healthy Tim Ervin, Vice Chairman Bill Boyce (Saugus, CA) levels Rob Kramer, President C. J. Bright, Jr. (Kailua-Kona, HI) ●● promoting sustainable use Pam Lyons Gromen, Executive Director Tim Choate (Coral Gables, FL) policies that balance commercial, recreational and ecological values Theresa Labriola, Pacific Program Director Stephanie Choate Oppenheimer (Tulsa, OK) Tim Ervin (Onekama, MI) ●● modifying or eliminating wasteful fishing practices Ken Hinman (Lovettsville, VA) Contact Us: ●● improving our understanding of Wild Oceans Frankie Labriola (Misquamicut Beach, RI) fish and their role in the marine P.O. Box 272122 Peter Truslow (St. Petersburg, FL) environment Tampa FL 33688 Directors Emeritus office: 727.677.8127 ●● preserving fish habitat and water Stanley Arkin (New York, NY) quality web: wildoceans.org John Heyer (Sedona, AZ) 2 JODY BRIGHT WILD OCEANS BOARD MEMBER I am Wild Oceans

When I told my Dad I was going to turned into a lifetime take “a year off from college” to go and, I probably would chase marlin, he was not pleased. have made more mon- I shook my head at that. I mean, it ey working on things was his fault. that required a college It’s not that I was one of those kids degree. who couldn’t wait to get away from But then I would have their parents. It was just that he’s never become a “regu- the one who raised me fishing. lar” on the Great Barri- how do I create a Hawaii Conserva- He was the guy who made me clean er Reef during the giant tion Association (HCA)?" most of the fish while letting my seasons. Nor would I have left the With HCA we passed reef fish legis- brothers off to go swim. When I GBR after each season to join a salty lation in the State Capitol when the asked why, he said, “Because I think old scalawag named Leo Wooten requisite State agency would take no you like fishing more than they do.” on Bora Bora, supplying fish to the administrative action. Armed with I shook my head at that too. legendary Bloody Mary’s restaurant. experience gained at FFA and from On The Reef I learned how to catch a gig Nichol’s got me with the Food My Dad was one in a group of bud- giant black marlin. This helped Leo dies who founded the Poco Bueno and Agriculture Organization of the and I catch the largest blue marlin of United Nations, I once approached tournament and the Gulf Coast Con- my life. From Leo I learned that stor- servation Association (GCCA). GCCA the Western Pacific Council on the ing tools in the oily bilge kept them subject of long line management. is now the Coastal Conservation from rusting, how to win at check- Association. They did a number of ers while he cheated and about the I learned I could spend the rest of things that made a difference. Forty moon. my life beating my head against the years later, I’d like to think that I’m wall in there, walked out and swore now just doing the same sort of stuff I learned about Wild Oceans (then I’d never return to fishery politics. I I was raised around as a kid. National Coalition for Marine Con- shifted to marine science field work, servation) from Tim Choate (Wild Dad was right about a couple of and helped deploy pop up satellite Oceans' Chairman) while fishing all tags across the Pacific. things though: That “one year off” over the world, and about Pacific com- But I wake up in the middle of the mercial fisheries from night thinking of fishery issues and Paul Nichols, a British during the day I find myself push- fisheries officer at Fo- ing aside work that generates rev- rum Fisheries Agency enue when a marine science project (FFA) in Honiara. But is more interesting – even when it it wasn’t until Gulf earns me not one single dime. shrimp boats came And yep. It’s all my Dad’s fault. Well, to Hawaii and repur- most of it is anyways. posed themselves I blame the rest on Tim Choate. into long liners that I called home and said I am Wild Oceans. “Gee, thanks. Now 3 2020: Our Year in Review by Pam Lyons Gromen, Executive Director

The year 2020 will be one for the history books. We could not antici- pate, much less plan for, the unprecedented challenges we faced. Agility and adaptability – two traits that have defined Wild Oceans since our inception – were essential to remaining effective. While the coronavirus pandemic has changed the way we conduct our work (fishery management and coalition meetings moved to webi- nar and video conference platforms), it has not changed the way we approach our work, with sound science, integrity, perseverance, passion and respect for the diversity of people reliant on healthy and sustainable marine fishery resources. These are the values at the core of our operation. Here are highlights from our work in 2020. Wild Oceans Five-Year Strategic Plan Completed. The plan outlines clear and measurable goals, objectives and strategies for four priority conservation areas: 1) Large Marine Fish Conservation, Photo courtesy of Wild Oceans Board member Bill Boyce 2) Sustainable Fishing Practices, 3) Ecosystems, and 4) Climate Change. As a road map for our future work, this plan will enable us to evaluate and demonstrate the value of our efforts and our ability to deliver on our mission. Proposals to Recover Pacific Bluefin Tuna and Progress at International Meetings. The 2020 benchmark stock assessment for Pacific bluefin tuna showed promising signs of recruitment in the stock, but bluefin still hover at historically-low levels. Striped marlin has languished at historically-low spawning stock levels for decades. Our Pacific Program Director, Theresa Labriola, is a member of the Permanent Advisory Committee for the U.S. Commissioners in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC). She successfully advocated for maintaining the current international bluefin tuna conservation and management measures even as Japan asked for increased quotas because of the uptick in recruitment. Theresa is also leading the charge for rebuilding striped marlin, and she worked with the U.S. delegation to advance a rebuilding plan at the December 2020 WCPFC meeting. Ecological Reference Points (ERPs) for Atlantic Menhaden Adopted. The new reference points are designed to account for menhaden’s critical role in the food web by setting menhaden catch according to the needs of striped bass, one of the predators most dependent on menhaden and therefore, a good indicator of impacts to other predators. The adoption of ERPs was a major milestone in our decades-long campaign to conserve menhaden and other key forage fish. Wild Oceans closely followed years of science and management meetings as the ERPs developed, holding the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) accountable for a promise it made to the public to maintain menhaden at levels that support predators. Preparations Underway For Shifting Fish Stocks along the West Coast. The Pacific Fishery Management Council is in the third year of its Climate and Communities Initiative, a project exploring how climate-related shifting stock availability and other factors might affect west coast fishing communities over the next 20 years. Wild Oceans has participated in the project since it began, attending workshops to identify tools, products, and processes to help management entities and coastal communities navigate uncertainty and react to potential future states of the ecosystem. Mackerels Added as Ecosystem Components to Dolphin Wahoo Plan. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council approved an amendment to the Fishery Management Plan for the Dolphin Wahoo Fishery that adds bullet and frigate mackerel to the plan as ecosystem components. Bullet and frigate mackerel comprise 30-50% of the wahoo diet and are also important prey for blue marlin and . Wild Oceans worked on the amendment from its early beginnings in 2018, when we encouraged the Council to take up the issue and to reach out to the public for feedback. Support among the angling community was resounding. Because the Dolphin Wahoo plan extends along the coast, the designation supports action to protect the mackerels in the mid-Atlantic region where they are vulnerable to industrial trawling. 

4 2020 Ocean Honor Roll

Wild Oceans extends a debt of gratitude to the foundations, companies, groups and individuals who support our work. Because of your generosity, we can celebrate another year of accomplishments for the future of fishing.

The Tim & Karen Hixon Marisla Foundation Foundation Mostyn Foundation Joseph & Catherine Johnson The Curtis & Edith Munson Family Foundation Foundation Herbert Kameon Charitable Oshay Family Foundation Lead Trust The Relgalf Charitable Foundation A.P. Kirby, Jr. Foundation Andrew Sabin Family Foundation Los Angeles Rod & Reel Club Foundation The John A. & Elizabeth F. Taylor Charitable Foundation

Christine Doby William Rowell William Akin David Leavitt Ron Elenbaas Dale Schroeder Stanley J. Arkin Wistar Lewis John J. Evans, Sr. Bill Shedd /AFTCO Roberta & Marty Ken Liu Nina B. Griswold Eddie Smith, Jr./ Arostegui George G. Grady White Boats Lin Bacon John W. Heyer Matthews Nick Smith Mary Barley John & Linda John Minder Jolley Terry Starck Mike Blower Kevin Muench Robert B. Keiser Peter & Andrea Frank Carlton Miguel Nido Truslow Sabrina Kleinknecht Tim Choate Stephanie Choate Gillian Wackowski Bob & Sally Kurz Oppenheimer Larry & Marilyn Susanna B. Weld Dahlberg Doug Lasko/Okuma Bruce Posthumus Fishing Tackle West Palm Beach Darlene DelGuercio Eric Rogger Corp. Fishing Club Turning the Tide Wild Oceans News and Activities

Bringing Back the Big Fish • At the end of 2020, Theresa joined deep-set buoy gear limited entry cri- • In December, Wild Oceans President the U.S. delegation at the annual teria that the Council adopted in Sep- Rob Kramer attend the Atlantic High- meetings of the Inter-American tember 2019. She urged the HMSMT ly Migratory Species (HMS) Advisory Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) to interpret the criteria broadly to be Panel meeting. Of particular interest and the Western and Central Pacific inclusive of and give priority to both were the dramatic increase in white Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), bod- researchers and commercial fisher- marlin and round scale spearfish ies that manage tuna stocks in the men who developed, tested, modi- landings in 2020. In the 3rd quarter of eastern and western Pacific respec- fied, and fished the gear. An inclusive 2020, landings of these two species tively. The virtual meetings made definition is consistent with public were up 42% over the same quarter consensus difficult. The IATTC meet- sentiment and is our best bet for in 2019. Most of this increase was ing ended without an agreed upon maximizing the use of DSBG, increas- attributable to tournament catch- management measure for tropical ing our domestic swordfish catch, es. The harvest of Atlantic blue and tuna stocks including bigeye, yellow- building an economically viable fish- is capped at 250 fish an- fin and skipjack tuna, jeopardizing ery and improving the fishing com- nually per the current HMS Fisheries the sustainability of these stocks and munity’s access to resources while Management Plan. The high land- the marine ecosystem. An extraor- addressing unforeseen and unavoid- ings in 2020 triggered the first-ever dinary meeting was organized, and able social, ecological or cultural con- change to catch-and-release status countries quickly resolved to car- flicts. for these species since the estab- ryover the 2020 management mea- Restoring a Depleted East Coast sures for 2021. The WCPFC agreed to lishment of the cap. Various man- Forage Base agement alternatives and voluntary rollover 2020 management measures • The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries changes to tournament rules were for tropical tunas and Pacific bluefin Commission's (ASMFC) Shad and River discussed to prevent exceeding this tuna, which has seen positive signs Herring Management Board (Board) cap in the future. of rebuilding. Unfortunately, little progress was made on advancing a convened on February 4th to hear rec- • Our Pacific Program Director, There- rebuilding plan for western Pacific ommendations from its Technical Com- sa Labriola, attended the November striped marlin. mittee (TC) and Advisory Panel (AP) meetings of the Pacific Fishery Man- for actions that should be taken to re- • On January 26-28, Theresa joined agement Council and its Highly Mi- store American shad, which continue several dozen international organiza- gratory Species Management Team to be depleted coastwide. As chair of tions to discuss collective priorities (HMSMT) to advocate for continued the Shad & River Herring AP, Executive at regional tuna fishery management precautionary commercial catch lim- Director Pam Lyons Gromen presented organizations (RFMO). While each its for Pacific bluefin tuna. The U.S. the AP report, which emphasized the RFMO has a specific geographic fo- commercial bluefin fishery did not importance of genetic testing of shad cus, priority issues such as establish- catch its annual allowable quota in caught as ocean bycatch. 2019 or 2020. In an effort to increase ing more precautionary tuna harvest American shad from different river catch, the National Marine Fisheries strategies, reducing bycatch and systems school together at sea, and Service (NMFS) and the Council rec- increasing observer coverage are genetic testing is needed to determine ommended raising the purse seine shared across boundaries. the impact of bycatch on individual daily trip limit from 15 mt to 20 mt Advancing Sustainable Gear runs. The Board passed a motion task- and removing a pre-trip notification. Development ing the TC to evaluate bycatch removals While these measures will incentiv- • Theresa attended a meeting of the in mixed-stock fisheries in state waters ize fishing, they will not ensure the Pacific Council's Highly Migratory (out to 3 miles from shore). In addition, U.S. meets its conservation and man- Species Management Team (HMSMT) a letter was sent to NOAA Fisheries agement obligations in 2021. Subse- and Advisory Subpanel (HMSAS) on requesting that shad sampling, in par- quently, we expressed our concern th January 15 . The HMSMT and HMSAS ticular genetic testing, be prioritized in in written comments to NMFS. met to provide clarification to the federal sampling programs.

6 • American shad were also a topic at management in the Forage Fish Con- fisheries for the unmanaged mackerels the Mid-Atlantic Fishery Management servation Act and the recent Magnu- until science is available to assess eco- Council's February meeting. The Coun- son-Stevens Act Reauthorization Draft system impacts. cil reviewed white papers exploring introduced by Representatives Huff- The issue came before the full Council options to address river herring and man and Case. (See Ocean View, p. 2) on December 14th, when Pam voiced shad bycatch in the Atlantic mack- Managing Forage Fisheries to support for a motion to add a bullet erel fishery. A river herring and shad Provide for Predator Needs and frigate mackerel possession limit bycatch cap for the mackerel fishery action to the 2021 work plan. The mo- • An action to implement a possession was first implemented in 2014 and is tion was approved by the full Council, limit on bullet and frigate mackerel is set based on median rates of historical and the action is now on the Council's now part of the Mid-Atlantic Council's bycatch. Concerns have been raised schedule for the October 5-7 meeting 2021 Implementation Plan. Bullet and about the unknown conservation ben- in New York City. efit of the cap and its impact on the frigate mackerel are prey for many mackerel fishery. species, especially blue marlin, yel- Promoting Ecosystem-based lowfin tuna and wahoo. Because bullet Approaches to Management Pam attended the Council's River Her- and frigate mackerel are the main prey ring and Shad AP meeting on February • The Pacific Council’s Ad Hoc Ecosys- for wahoo, the South Atlantic Fishery 8th to provide input on the white pa- tem Workgroup continues its work to Management Council unanimously pers. The Council agreed to pursue a edit the Fishery Ecosystem Plan. The- voted to recognize their importance biologically-responsive cap and asked resa attended their January meeting by designating them as ecosystem the Northeast Fisheries Science Center to discuss how to bring ecosystem sci- component species in its Dolphin Wa- (NEFSC) to explore approaches that ence into the Council process. hoo Fishery Management Plan. could synthesize available surveys. On February 2-3, Theresa participated The Council also asked NEFSC to inves- Bullet and frigate mackerel are bycatch in the Pacific Council’s Climate Scenar- tigate the feasibility of time/area clo- in commercial fisheries operating in io Planning workshop, which sought to sures to complement the cap. the mid-Atlantic region, and there are identify specific challenges that West no limits in place to protect them from Because river herring and shad by- Coast fishing communities could be commercial exploitation. Wild Oceans, catch is a problem shared by multiple facing and to formulate potential solu- the International Associa- federally-managed fisheries deploying tions and actions to respond to the ef- tion, the American Sportfishing Asso- small-mesh trawls (e.g., Atlantic her- fects of climate change. She focussed ciation, the Virginia Saltwater Sport- ring, longfin squid and whiting), action the discussion on maintaining ecosys- fishing Association and the American taken for the mackerel fishery alone is tem structure and function, consider- Saltwater Guides Association submit- bound to fall short. Wild Oceans con- ing adequate forage for predators, ted a letter to the Mid-Atlantic Coun- tinues to advocate for a federal man- and preserving diversity of coastal fish- cil's Executive Committee for its Octo- agement plan for shad and river her- ing opportunities including small-scale ber 5th meeting, requesting action to ring. We support provisions for federal commercial, recreational, charter, in- prohibit the development of directed digenous and subsistence fishing.

Fellows Press On During Pandemic has been collecting environmental Dakota Lewis is pursuing a Master of Sci- DNA (eDNA) samples from the Indian ence in Biology at the University of Cen- River Lagoon to augment traditional tral Florida. She is applying advanced gear-based sampling techniques that statistical models to discover the effects may miss a number of important of disturbance, specifically algal blooms Despite COVID-19 restrictions at Uni- species. eDNA is DNA passively shed resulting in fish kills, on estuarine fish versities and in Florida Fish and Wildlife by organisms into their environment. communities. Dakota has found these al- Conservation Commission (FWC) sam- Using eDNA to determine the species gal blooms affect both sport and forage pling, our two current Florida Forage composition in marine and freshwater fish with the latter being affected more Fish Research Program fellows have systems has proven to be highly accurate rapidly. She recently submitted the first made tremendous progress with their without the need to directly observe or of her fellowship manuscripts for peer projects. Emily Farrell and Dakota Lewis capture organisms. We look forward to review, and we look forward to seeing were awarded fellowships in June 2020, learning more about the new techniques her work published.  marking the fourth year of the fellow- associated with eDNA research on The Florida Forage Fish Coalition supports ship program. forage and sport fish and are excited the Florida Forage Fish Research Program Emily Farrell is a doctoral student at about the species hotspot maps Emily is by funding fellowship awards. Visit the University of Central Florida. Emily constructing from her data. floridaforagefish.org to learn more about our work.

7 Wild

P.O. Box 272122 Tampa, FL 33688

www.wildoceans.org

8

using science, law and ecosystem-based solutions ecosystem-based and law science, using

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