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Housing That Lacks Basic Amenities in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2018

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Housing That Lacks Basic Amenities in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2018 Housing that Lacks Basic Amenities in Aotearoa New Zealand, 2018 A supplement to the 2018 Census Estimate of Severe Housing Deprivation Helen Viggers, Dr Kate Amore, Professor Philippa Howden-Chapman He Kainga Oranga, Housing and Health Research Programme University of Otago, Wellington www.healthyhousing.org.nz May 2021 Page | 1 Disclaimer Access to the data used in this study was provided by Stats NZ under conditions designed to give effect to the security and confidentiality provisions of the Statistics Act 1975. The results presented in this study are the work of the authors, not Stats NZ or individual data suppliers. The views and interpretations in this report are those of the researchers and not the official position of Te Tūāpapa Kura Kāinga – Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. Acknowledgements We would like to warmly acknowledge the expert assistance from our colleagues Miranda Devlin, Dr Rosemary Goodyear, June Atkinson, Nick Garrett, Angela Fabian and Keriata Stuart. Page | 2 Table of Contents Table of Tables ...................................................................................................................... 5 Key Results ................................................................................................................................ 8 Dwellings lacking basic amenities ......................................................................................... 8 Severely deprived dwellings which lack basic amenities and the residents have low income ................................................................................................................................................ 9 People in dwellings lacking basic amenities .......................................................................... 9 People in Severe Housing Deprivation caused by lack of amenities ..................................... 9 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 11 Caveats ..................................................................................................................................... 13 Housing Lacking Basic Amenities........................................................................................... 17 Characteristics of dwellings that lack basic amenities ......................................................... 17 Characteristics of the occupants of housing lacking basic amenities .................................. 23 Sex........................................................................................................................................ 23 Age ....................................................................................................................................... 23 Ethnicity ............................................................................................................................... 25 Housing lacking basic amenities and the definition of homelessness ..................................... 31 Technical Points ................................................................................................................... 31 Interaction of those considered homeless under the first three parts of the definition with housing lacking basic amenities........................................................................................... 32 Uninhabitable housing—Person level.................................................................................. 35 Uninhabitable housing - Dwelling level .............................................................................. 41 Appendix 1: Housing which lacks access to basic amenities - Method .................................. 44 Background: Legal requirements for housing in New Zealand/Aotearoa ........................... 44 New Zealand Definition of Severe Housing Deprivation .................................................... 44 2018 Census data ................................................................................................................. 45 Amenities ............................................................................................................................. 47 Possible Definitions ............................................................................................................. 48 Appendix 2: Additional tables ................................................................................................. 52 Further tables by sex ............................................................................................................ 52 Further tables by age group.................................................................................................. 53 Further tables by ethnicity ................................................................................................... 56 Further Tables ...................................................................................................................... 60 Geography ............................................................................................................................ 61 Region .............................................................................................................................. 61 Page | 3 Auckland Local Board ..................................................................................................... 66 Housing lacking basic amenities definition ......................................................................... 69 Definition - Geography—Regional Council .................................................................... 71 Definition - Geography—Auckland local board.............................................................. 73 Appendix Three – An example with thresholds ...................................................................... 75 References ................................................................................................................................ 77 Page | 4 Table of Tables Table 1: Quality ratings of 2018 Census variables rated Moderate, Poor or Very Poor used in this report ................................................................................................................................. 14 Table 2: Absence of relevant basic amenities (number and percentage of dwellings) ............ 17 Table 3: Dwellings lacking basic amenities, by dwelling typology (number and percentage of dwellings) ................................................................................................................................. 17 Table 4: Type and tenure of dwellings, by access to basic amenities (percentage of dwellings) .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Table 5: Dwelling room and occupancy characteristics, by access to basic amenities (percentage of dwellings) ......................................................................................................... 19 Table 6: Percentage of households below income poverty threshold by number of basic amenities (percentage of dwellings) ........................................................................................ 20 Table 7: Equivalized household income percentiles, by access to basic amenities (dwelling level, $) .................................................................................................................................... 20 Table 8: Availability of communication, heating and refrigerator amenities in dwellings, by access to basic amenities (percentage of dwellings) ................................................................ 21 Table 9: Dwelling mould and damp levels, by access to basic amenities (percentage of dwellings) ................................................................................................................................. 21 Table 10: Region and rurality, by access to basic amenities (percentage of dwellings) ......... 22 Table 11: Percentage of people living in dwellings lacking basic amenities, by age group and dwelling type (percentage of people) ....................................................................................... 25 Table 12: Percentage of people living in dwellings lacking basic amenities, by disability and ethnic group (percentage of people) ........................................................................................ 26 Table 13: Tenure, and crowding for people living in dwellings lacking basic amenities, by ethnic group (percentage of people) ........................................................................................ 27 Table 14: Address change, years living in New Zealand and birthplace of people living in dwellings lacking basic amenities, by ethnic group (percentage of people)............................ 28 Table 15: Percentage of people living in housing lacking basic amenities, by regional council and ethnic group (percentage of people) .................................................................................. 29 Table 16: Auckland local board and ethnicity groupings exposure to housing lacking basic amenities (percentage of people) ............................................................................................. 30 Table 17: Number of basic amenities available by dwelling type (number of people) ........... 33 Table 18: Number of basic amenities available for people classified as Severely Housing Deprived under the initial
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