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Level 1 History (90211) 2010

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Level 1 History (90211) 2010 9 0 2 11 902110 1 For Supervisor’s use only Level 1 History, 2010 90211 Interpret historical sources Credits: Four 2.00 pm Friday 19 November 2010 Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page. You should answer ALL the questions in this booklet. If you need more space for any answer, use the page(s) provided at the back of this booklet and clearly number the question. Check that this booklet has pages 2–16 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank. YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION. For Assessor’s use only Achievement Criteria Achievement Achievement Achievement with Merit with Excellence Accurately identify historical Accurately identify a range of Accurately identify a wide range facts, ideas and points of view. historical facts, ideas and points of historical facts, ideas and of view. points of view. Describe an historical Describe some historical Describe the historical relationship indicated by the relationships indicated by relationships indicated by evidence provided in the the evidence provided in the the evidence provided in the sources. sources. sources. Make a valid judgement about Make some valid judgements Make several valid judgements the usefulness / reliability of about the usefulness / reliability about the usefulness / reliability the evidence provided in the of the evidence provided in the of the evidence provided in the sources. sources. sources. Overall Level of Performance (all criteria within a column are met) © New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority. 2 You are advised to spend 45 minutes answering the questions in this booklet. INTRODUCTION Christmas Eve, 1953, was a fine day with no rain and there was nothing to suggest that by 10.20 that evening the Whangaehu River would be in flood. The collapse of Mount Ruapehu’s crater lake, however, changed everything. A huge flood of water and silt flowed down the side of the mountain, carrying uprooted trees, rock and ice into the river. This giant wave of water, mud, and rock hit and swept away one concrete support of the rail bridge at Tangiwai, about 10 km from Waiouru, in the Central North Island. At 10.21, the Wellington–Auckland express, travelling at about 65 km per hour, rocketed onto the weakened bridge. As the express left the bank, the bridge collapsed and the engine flew off the edge, almost hitting the opposite bank. Five carriages followed and were broken up by the force of the water – there was little hope for the passengers in these carriages. The sixth carriage teetered on the edge of the bridge and also fell; however, all but one of passengers in this carriage were saved. Passengers from the other carriages struggled to get to shore, but many were drowned or smothered by the thick silt in the river; some passengers were swept down river and out to sea, their bodies never recovered. The crash was witnessed by Arthur Bell and his wife, who, together with soldiers from the Waiouru Army Camp and local volunteers, rescued survivors from the wreckage. History 90211, 2010 3 QUESTION ONE: FACTS, IDEAS, AND POINTS OF VIEW Assessor’s use only Source A: Prime Minister’s Statement “It is with profound regret ... have been recovered 15 miles downstream…” — Prime Minister Sir Sidney Holland, 25 December 1953 For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Stewart, The Tangiwai Disaster: A Christmas Eve Tragedy (Wellington: Grantham House, 2003), p 28. (a) When did this accident occur? (b) According to Source A, how many people were unaccounted for in the disaster? (c) Quote a phrase that shows the scale of the disaster. History 90211, 2010 4 Source B: Eyewitness Account Assessor’s use only A survivor had this to say: “What greeted us I will never forget ... wherever one stepped.” For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Stewart, The Tangiwai Disaster: A Christmas Eve Tragedy (Wellington: Grantham House, 2003), p 5. (d) What was the author’s opinion of the accident scene when he arrived there? (e) Give evidence to support your answer in (d) above. (f) Give ONE fact from Source B. History 90211, 2010 5 Source C: Eyewitness Account Assessor’s use only An eyewitness had this to say: “Unsuspecting passengers ... forever in the ocean.” For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Conley and G Stewart, Tragedy on the Track: Tangiwai and other New Zealand Railway Accidents (Wellington: Grantham House, 1986), p 7. (g) Give ONE fact from Source C. (h) Quote a phrase that shows that the passengers had no idea what was happening. (i) What were the TWO main causes of death? (1) (2) History 90211, 2010 6 QUESTION TWO: HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIPS Assessor’s use only An important historical relationship is that of cause and effect. Refer to Sources D and E. Source D: Account of the Lahar The most tragic of all natural disasters ... have never been accounted for. For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source (adapted): http://teara.govt.nz/1966/D/DisastersAndMishapsRailways/TheTangiwaiTragedy/en (a) According to Source D, what caused the derailment at Tangiwai? (b) Using Source D, give ONE effect of your answer above. History 90211, 2010 7 Source E: The Result of the Lahar Assessor’s use only For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Conley and G Stewart, Tragedy on the Track: Tangiwai and other New Zealand Railway Accidents (Wellington: Grantham House, 1986), p 7. (c) Describe how Source E backs up Source D. History 90211, 2010 8 An important historical relationship is that of specific and general. Refer to Sources F and G. Assessor’s use only Source F: Diagram of the Crash and Lahar Damage For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Conley and G Stewart, Tragedy on the Track: Tangiwai and other New Zealand Railway Accidents (Wellington: Grantham House, 1986), p 51. (d) According to Source F, what area did the remains of the fourth carriage end up? (e) Using Source F, what conclusions can be drawn about the spread of the flood? History 90211, 2010 9 Source G: Crash Damage Assessor’s use only For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Conley and G Stewart, Tragedy on the Track: Tangiwai and other New Zealand Railway Accidents (Wellington: Grantham House, 1986), pp 14–15. (f) Describe how Source G backs up Source F. History 90211, 2010 10 QUESTION THREE: USEFULNESS AND RELIABILITY Assessor’s use only Source F: Diagram of the Crash and Lahar Damage For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Conley and G Stewart, Tragedy on the Track: Tangiwai and other New Zealand Railway Accidents (Wellington: Grantham House, 1986), p 51. (a) Refer to Source F. Describe how useful Source F would be to an historian studying the effects of the lahar at Tangiwai. Use evidence to support your judgments. This evidence could come from other sources in this booklet. Your description should include: • how useful Source F would be to an historian • how reliable Source F is to an historian studying the Tangiwai crash • additional sources an historian could use to check the reliability of Source F • the type of information these additional sources could provide for an historian. History 90211, 2010 11 Assessor’s use only History 90211, 2010 12 Source B: Eyewitness Account Assessor’s use only A survivor had this to say: “What greeted us I will never forget ... wherever one stepped.” For copyright reasons, this resource cannot be reproduced here. Source: G Stewart, The Tangiwai Disaster: A Christmas Eve Tragedy (Wellington: Grantham House, 2003), p 5. (b) Refer to Source B. Describe how reliable Source B would be for an historian researching the effects of the derailment at Tangiwai. Use evidence to support your judgments. This evidence could come from other sources in this booklet. Your description should include: • how reliable Source B would be to an historian • how useful Source B is to an historian studying the Tangiwai crash • additional sources an historian could use to check the reliability of Source B • the type of information these additional sources could provide for an historian. History 90211, 2010 13 Assessor’s use only History 90211, 2010 14 Extra paper for continuation of answers if required. Assessor’s use only Clearly number the question. Question number History 90211, 2010 15 Extra paper for continuation of answers if required. Assessor’s use only Clearly number the question. Question number History 90211, 2010 16 Extra paper for continuation of answers if required. Assessor’s use only Clearly number the question. Question number 9 0 2 11 History 90211, 2010.
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