DOCSLIB.ORG

Strengtheningtheplurali

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Strengtheningtheplurali STRENGTHENING THE PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM IN NEPAL A MEAS Rapid Scoping Mission carried out from December 1 to 21, 2011 March 2012 March 2012 Strengthening the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Nepal © Tahseen Jafry and MEAS Project. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Users are free: • To share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work. • To remix — to adapt the work. Under the following conditions: • Attribution — users must attribute the work to the authors but not in any way that suggests that the authors endorse the user or the user’s use of the work. Technical editing by Kathryn Heinz. Production by Andrea Bohn. This Discussion Paper was produced as part of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project “Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services” (MEAS). www.meas-extension.org Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-L-10-00003. The report was made possible by the generous support of the American people through USAID. The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. Strengthening the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Nepal STRENGTHENING THE PLURALISTIC AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM IN NEPAL Report on the MEAS Rapid Scoping Mission carried out from December 1 to 21, 2011 Final Version submitted to USAID/Nepal on March 20, 2012 Report prepared by: Dr. Murari Suvedi, Michigan State University Dr. Paul McNamara, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Director, Modernizing Extension and Advisory Services (MEAS) Project www.meas-extension.org Leader with Associates Cooperative Agreement No. AID-OAA-L-10-00003 Disclaimer: The views and recommendations expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of USAID and make no implication for commitment to fund or in any way support them. Strengthening the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Nepal TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ 1 Strengthening the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Nepal ................................................... 8 Food and Agriculture Situation in Nepal .............................................................................................. 11 Historical Development of Agricultural Extension in Nepal ................................................................. 13 Agricultural Extension ............................................................................................................. 13 Agricultural Research .............................................................................................................. 18 Agricultural Education ............................................................................................................ 19 Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) ......................................... 21 Himalayan College of Agricultural Science and Technology (HICAST) .................................... 21 Other Institutions ................................................................................................................... 21 Findings from Interviews, Observations, and Online Survey ............................................................... 22 Current Extension System: Organization, Participants, and Capacity .................................... 22 Agricultural Information and Communication Center (AICC) ................................................. 27 NGOs and Private Sector Involvement in Extension ............................................................... 28 Funding for Current Extension................................................................................................ 30 Information and Advisory Service Needs ............................................................................... 34 Social Capital Formation and Producer Groups ...................................................................... 37 Gender Equity ......................................................................................................................... 38 Extension Support Services and Training Centers .................................................................. 39 Decentralization of Extension Services ................................................................................... 42 Strategies to Improve Local Food Production ........................................................................ 43 Strategies to Improve Extension............................................................................................. 44 Overall Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations ........................................................................ 47 i | Strengthening the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Nepal Major Findings ........................................................................................................................ 47 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 49 Recommendations for Consideration ..................................................................................... 50 Recommendations for Capacity Building ............................................................................... 52 Recommendations for Implementation ................................................................................. 52 Annex A: Terms of Reference and Scope of Work .............................................................................. 54 Annex B: Visit Itinerary and Meeting Schedule .................................................................................... 56 Annex C: Key People Consulted with During the RSM ......................................................................... 58 Annex D: List of persons who participated in the online survey ......................................................... 62 Annex E: References Cited/Documents Reviewed ............................................................................... 65 Annex F: Online Survey Questionnaire ................................................................................................. 67 Annex G: Suggestions for Improving Extension Services ..................................................................... 75 Annex H: Information Relevant to Extension Service in Proposed FtF Project Districts ...................... 80 ii | Strengthening the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Nepal ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AICL Agricultural Input Company Limited ANSAB Asia Network of Sustainable Agriculture and Bio-resources APP Agricultural Perspective Plan B.Sc. Ag. Bachelor of Science in Agriculture B.V.Sc. & A.H. Bachelor of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CEAPRED Centre for Environmental Policy, Research, Extension and Development CTEVT Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training DADO District Agriculture Development Office DFTQC Department of Food Technology and Quality Control DLS Department of Livestock Services DLSO District Livestock Services Office DOA Department of Agriculture DATWG District Agriculture Technical Working Group FtF Feed the Future HICAST Himalayan College of Agriculture Sciences and Technology IAAS Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science ICT Information and Communication Technology I.Sc. Intermediate in Science JT Junior Technicians JTA Junior Technical Assistant M.Sc. Ag Masters in Science Agriculture M.V. Sc. Masters in Veterinary Science MOAC Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives NARC Nepal Agriculture Research Council NGO Non-Governmental Organization NPC National Planning Commission NTFP Non-Timber Forest Products RRN Rural Reconstruction Nepal SLC School Leaving Certificate SMS Subject Matter Specialist USAID United States Agency for International Development VAHW Village Animal Health Worker VDC Village Development Committee iii | Strengthening the Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in Nepal ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank all the individuals who gave freely of their time when we talked with them, and shared documents or information about agricultural extension services in Nepal. In particular, we benefitted tremendously from conversations with Kipp Sutton, Agriculture Officer at USAID/Nepal, who provided the link between USAID/Nepal’s Feed the Future team and Nepal’s Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. We acknowledge feedback from members of USAID/Nepal’s Feed the Future team— Rave Aulakh, Luis Guzman, Amy Prevatt, and Navin Hada. John Stamm, Director of General Development Office, provided excellent feedback on the final presentation and report. We are grateful to many agricultural development professionals in Nepal for their time to meet with us and share their invaluable experience with us. Particularly, we are grateful to Mr. Dipendra Bahadur Kshetri, Honorable Vice-Chairman of National Planning Commission, Mr. Nathu Prasad Choudhary, Secretary of MOAC, Dr. Prabhakar Pathak, Joint Secretary of MOAC,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nepal, November 2005
    Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Nepal, November 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: NEPAL November 2005 COUNTRY Formal Name: Kingdom of Nepal (“Nepal Adhirajya” in Nepali). Short Form: Nepal. Term for Citizen(s): Nepalese. Click to Enlarge Image Capital: Kathmandu. Major Cities: According to the 2001 census, only Kathmandu had a population of more than 500,000. The only other cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants were Biratnagar, Birgunj, Lalitpur, and Pokhara. Independence: In 1768 Prithvi Narayan Shah unified a number of states in the Kathmandu Valley under the Kingdom of Gorkha. Nepal recognizes National Unity Day (January 11) to commemorate this achievement. Public Holidays: Numerous holidays and religious festivals are observed in particular regions and by particular religions. Holiday dates also may vary by year and locality as a result of the multiple calendars in use—including two solar and three lunar calendars—and different astrological calculations by religious authorities. In fact, holidays may not be observed if religious authorities deem the date to be inauspicious for a specific year. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Sahid Diwash (Martyrs’ Day; movable date in January); National Unity Day and birthday of Prithvi Narayan Shah (January 11); Maha Shiva Ratri (Great Shiva’s Night, movable date in February or March); Rashtriya Prajatantra Diwash (National Democracy Day, movable date in February); Falgu Purnima, or Holi (movable date in February or March); Ram Nawami (Rama’s Birthday, movable date in March or April); Nepali New Year (movable date in April); Buddha’s Birthday (movable date in April or May); King Gyanendra’s Birthday (July 7); Janai Purnima (Sacred Thread Ceremony, movable date in August); Children’s Day (movable date in August); Dashain (Durga Puja Festival, movable set of five days over a 15-day period in September or October); Diwali/Tihar (Festival of Lights and Laxmi Puja, movable set of five days in October); and Sambhidhan Diwash (Constitution Day, movable date in November).
    [Show full text]
  • Participant I Directory
    PARTICIPANT I DIRECTORY FY 1974-1978 SUPPLEMENT, JANUARY 1979 UPDATED, SEPTEMBER 1985 PARTICIPANT DIRECTORY 1974 - 1978 UPDATED 1985 Table of Contents Page Number Section ... ... ... ... ... ... ... i Preface ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ii List of Acronyms ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... A-i Alphabetical Index of Participants ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... G-I Geographical Location of Participants by Area of Training ... ... ... ... U-i ... ...*... ... ... ... Brief Description of the Survey and Utilization Tally Summary ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1-1 Principal Listing of Participants : Code 100, Agriculture and Natural Resources ... ... ... 2-1 Code 200, Industry and Mining* ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3-1 Code 300, Transportation ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5-1 Code 500, Health aud Sanitation ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 6-1 Code 600, Education ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7-1 Code 700, Public Administration ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8-1 Code 800, Community Development ... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... 9-i Code 900, Miscellaneous* ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... * No participants are listed under these two codes. Pre face This volume updates the USAID/Nepal Participant Directory covering the period FY 1974- FY 1978. In this edition, the "Home Address", "Training Period" where necessary, "Present
    [Show full text]
  • The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal: a Monograph
    THE MAOIST INSURGENCY IN NEPAL: A MONOGRAPH CAUSES, IMPACT AND AVENUES OF RESOLUTION Edited by Shambhu Ram Simkhada and Fabio Oliva Foreword by Daniel Warner Geneva, March 2006 Cover Pictures – clockwise from the top: 1) King Gyanendra of Nepal; 2) Madhav Kumar Nepal, leader of the CPN-UML Party; 3) A popular peace rally; 4) Girija Prasad Koirala, President of the Nepali Congress party; 5) The Maoist leadership; 6) The Maoist People’s Liberation Army (PLA); 7) A political rally of the Seven-party Alliance in Kathmandu; 8) Soldiers from Royal Nepal Army (RNA). This publication has been possible thanks to the financial support of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Bern, and is part of a larger project on the “Causes of Internal Conflicts and Means to Resolve Them: Nepal a Case Study” mandated and sponsored by the SDC in May 2003. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the PSIO. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means - electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise - without the prior permission of the Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales (HEI) Copyright 2006, IUHEI, CH-Geneva 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS __________________________________________________________________________________ LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................. 5 FOREWORD......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups Program'
    Search for Common Ground 'Children Associated with Armed Forces and Armed Groups Program' Evaluation Report Evaluators: Jagadish Dahal Kishor Kafle Kumar Bhattarai June, 2008 List of Contents List of Acronyms ........................................................................................................ 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction of Search for Common Ground (SFCG).......................................... 7 1.1 SFCG in Nepal ................................................................................................. 7 1.2 Nepal's commitment on child rights .................................................................. 9 1.3 Initiatives taken by SFCG on the issues of CAAFAG........................................ 9 2. Objectives of the Evaluation Study ................................................................... 10 3. Scope of the Evaluation Study.......................................................................... 10 4. Methodology of the Evaluation Study ............................................................... 11 4.1 Sample selection .............................................................................................. 11 4.2 Evaluation procedures .................................................................................... 12 4.3 Data collection methods and procedures........................................................ 12 4.4 Data analysis and interpretation ....................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • India–Nepal Relations
    India–Nepal Relations A. Overview As close neighbours, India and Nepal share a unique relationship of friendship and cooperation characterized by open borders and deep-rooted people-to-people contacts. There has been a long tradition of free movement of people across the borders sharing family ties and culture. Nepal shares a border of over 1850 kms in the east, south and west with five Indian States – Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950 forms the bedrock of the special relations that exist between India and Nepal. Under the provisions of this Treaty, the Nepali citizens have enjoyed certain advantages in India, availing facilities and opportunities at par with Indian citizens. Nearly 6 million Nepali citizens live and work in India. B. Recent high level exchanges There are regular exchanges of high level visits and official interactions between India and Nepal. In 2014, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi visited Nepal twice – in August for a bilateral visit and in November for the SAARC Summit. The Nepali Prime Minister, Mr. K.P. Sharma Oli, was on a State visit to India from 19 to 24 February 2016. The Nepali Prime Minister, Mr. Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ paid a state visit to India from 15-18 September 2016. Again, the Prime Minister of Nepal, Mr. Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ visited India from 15-17 October 2016 to participate in the BRICS- BIMSTEC leaders’ Summit in Goa. Shri Pranab Mukherjee, Hon’ble President of India paid a State visit to Nepal from 2-4 November, 2016 accompanied by a high-level delegation included MoS Defence Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • India–Nepal Relations
    India–Nepal Relations A. Overview As close neighbours, India and Nepal share a unique relationship of friendship and cooperation characterized by open borders and deep-rooted people-to-people contacts of kinship and culture. There has been a long tradition of free movement of people across the borders. Nepal has an area of 147,181 sq. kms. and a population of 29 million. It shares a border of over 1850 kms in the east, south and west with five Indian States – Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand – and in the north with the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The India-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950 forms the bedrock of the special relations that exist between India and Nepal. Under the provisions of this Treaty, the Nepalese citizens have enjoyed unparalleled advantages in India, availing facilities and opportunities at par with Indian citizens. Nearly 6 million Nepali citizens live and work in India. B. High Level Exchanges There are regular exchanges of high level visits and interactions between India and Nepal. In 2014, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi visited Nepal twice – in August for a bilateral visit and in November for the SAARC Summit – during which several bilateral agreements were signed. TheNepalese Prime Minister, Mr. K.P. Sharma Oli, was on a State visit to India from 19 to 24 February 2016. During his visit several bilateral agreements were signed. Mr. Bimalendra Nidhi, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs, visited India from 18-22 August 2016 as Special Envoy of the Prime Minister of Nepal.
    [Show full text]
  • Unpunished Crimes from Nepal's Armed Conflict
    Waiting for Justice Unpunished Crimes from Nepal’s Armed Conflict Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-319-6 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org September 2008 1-56432-319-6 Waiting for Justice Unpunished Crimes from Nepal’s Armed Conflict Map of Nepal............................................................................................................ 1 I. Summary...............................................................................................................2 Key Recommendations....................................................................................... 8 Note on Methodology........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Society: Mutual Accountability Project
    CIVIL SOCIETY: MUTUAL ACCOUNTABILITY PROJECT Quarterly Progress Report October 1, 2019 – December 31, 2019 January 31, 2020 Cooperative Agreement Number AID-367-A-16-00007 Project Start and End Date: April 4, 2016 to April 3, 2021 Submitted to: Jack Adrien, Agreement Officer USAID Submitted by: Sajana Maharjan, Acting Chief of Party, Civil Society: Mutual Accountability Project FHI 360 GPO Box 8803, Gopal Bhawan Anamika Galli, Baluwatar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977.1.4437173 Email: [email protected] Civil Society: Mutual Accountability Project Quarterly Progress Report No. 11 Oct. 1, 2019 – Dec. 31, 2019 This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by FHI 360. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 7 2. CONTEXT .................................................................................................................................................. 7 3. PROGRESS OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ 10 4. ACTIVITY PROGRESS ........................................................................................................................... 29 4.1 DEVELOPMENT AND SUBMISSION OF DELIVERABLES .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Media & Telecoms Landscape Guide
    Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide May 2011 1 Index Page Introduction...................................................................................................... 3 Media overview............................................................................................... 10 Radio overview................................................................................................20 Radio stations.................................................................................................29 List of all registered FM radio stations.........................................................41 TV overview.....................................................................................................63 TV stations.......................................................................................................67 Print media overview......................................................................................78 Main newspapers............................................................................................82 Online media ..................................................................................................89 Traditional channels of communication.......................................................91 Media resources..............................................................................................92 Telecoms overview.........................................................................................101 Telecoms companies.....................................................................................105
    [Show full text]
  • Nepalese Nation, Nationalism and Identities in Patriotic Songs
    International Journal of Learning and Development ISSN 2164-4063 2020, Vol. 10, No. 4 Nepalese Nation, Nationalism and Identities in Patriotic Songs Bishnu Prasad Dahal, Ph. D. (Corresponding author) Patan Multiple Campus, Patan Dhoka Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Received: December 11, 2020 Accepted: December 28, 2020 Published: December 31, 2020 doi:10.5296/ijld.v10i4.18135 URL: https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v10i4.18135 Abstract The main purpose of this study is to investigate the different aspects of Nepalese patriotic songs. Here, lyrics of patriotic songs are reviewed and their contents are analyzed. This study is focused on how these patriotic songs assist to promote Nepalese nationalism, national beauties, national identities and national unity. It is the representative expression of all national songs and patriotic songs all over the country. Music in the form of the national songs and patriotic songs were and remain essential components of national identity and national unity. These songs are popular and accepted by Nepalese citizens as a part of their national identity and such affinities are supported by the songs’ repeated broadcast and consumption on Radio Nepal, various other Radios, Nepal Television, private television channels and social media platforms. It is found form the research that patriotic music provides a means for social cohesion, not via the propagation of dogmatic patriotic content, but through the personal and intimate associations that such songs solicit from individual citizens. Keywords: national song, patriotic song, nationalism, national unity, national solidarity, cohesion, etc. 1. Introduction According to Ronald Reagan, “A nation that cannot control its borders is not a nation” and a nationalist as someone who is proud of his country no matter what it does.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Development in Nepal Since 1990: Challenges and Central Role of Regulation and Reform
    Media development in Nepal since 1990: challenges and central role of regulation and reform (Source: Equal Access 2007) Nirmal Prasad Rijal A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Media and Communication Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University Melbourne, Australia March 2014 1 Keywords Nepal, media, democracy, diversity, pluralism, media policy, regulation, conflict, transition 2 Abstract This thesis is the result of an exploration of the development of media in Nepal from 1990. 1990 is the year that Nepal began a prolonged transition to democracy. This transition included multiple civil movements aimed at freedom and democracy; an armed civil conflict; sweeping socio-political transformations; and a protracted and yet incomplete peace process. Nepal emerged from decades of autocracy in 1990 and liberal constitutional and legal provisions facilitated increased citizens’ participation in media and politics, the strengthening of civil society, and an emphasis on identities. However, growing political polarization, bad governance, a decade (1996-2006) of armed conflict, a royal coup and an unresolved peace process have made the transition to democracy complex and protracted. The central argument in this thesis is that media reform is a complicated task when a State is not stable and unable to effectively provide the basic functions related to order, security and rule of law – functions that only the State can provide. In the absence of an effectively functioning State and adequate public policy, there is a high likelihood that media becomes subject to political and commercial manipulation, especially when the existing media regulatory environment fails to keep pace with the rapidly changing media landscape, and when there are gaps in regulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Singapore
    (c) Copyright 2008 by Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Singapore Editors Werner vom Busch Alastair Carthew Publisher Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung 34 Bukit Pasoh Road Singapore 089848 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior consent of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. ISBN 978-981-08-2423-5 Design and Layout TimeEdge Publishing Pte Ltd 10 Anson Road 15-14 International Plaza Singapore 079903 www.tepub.com CONTENTS The Asian Media Project of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung Foreword by Werner vom Busch 5 Director Asia Media Programme Overview of Asian Media by Alastair Carthew 6 Country Listing BANGLADESH by Sayeed Zayadul Ahsan and Major Media Listing Shameem Mahmud An Assessment 11 Print 14 Radio 27 TV 28 CAMBODIA by John Maloy Major Media Listing An Assessment 33 Print 36 TV and Radio 48 Other Media 58 CHINA by Oliver Radtke Major Media Listing An Assessment 57 Print 62 TV and Radio 69 INDIA by Katha Kartiki Major Media Listing An Assessment 75 Print 79 TV and Radio 99 Other Media 108 INDONESIA by Ignatius Haryanto Major Media Listing An Assessment 111 Print 116 TV 118 Radio 120 KOREA by Kim Myong-sik Major Media Listing An Assessment 121 Print 125 TV and Radio 134 Other Media 136 Country Listing MALAYSIA by Sharmin Parameswaran Major Media Listing An Assessment 139 Print 142 TV and Radio 150 MYANMAR by Stuart Deed Major Media Listing An Assessment 155 Print 160 TV and Radio
    [Show full text]