DOCSLIB.ORG

The C.N.T. Speaks G.Oliver and Montsenyf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The C.N.T. Speaks G.Oliver and Montsenyf Nor happiness, nor majesty, nor fame. Nor peace, nor strength, nor skill in arms or arts, Shepherd those herds whom tyranny makes tame — P. B. Shelley (Political Greatness) VOLUME 1, NUMBER 15. JULY 2nd, 1937. PRICE 2d.— U.S.A. 5 CENTS. The C.N.T. Speaks G.Oliver and MontsenyF. In Paris Yk7E have translated, almost in their entirety the speeches delivered by our Comrades Garcia Oliver and Federica Montseny at a big meeting, held in Paris at the Velodrome d’Hiver, at which 12,000 people were present. By so doing we do not in any way mean that we subscribe whole­ heartedly to our comrades’ actions. We shall express our personal opinions at length in the next issue. But we do not agree with those French com­ rades, who openly declared that they would not attend the meeting, as they could no longer consider Garcia Oliver and Federica Montseny as Comrades. Until last week it had been impossible to have an open declara­ tion by them as to their actions and the reasons for certain statements which seemed to jar with the general views of Anarchists. The occasion presented itself in Paris, when the very two Comrades who had been declared “ traitors” by the Federation Anarchiste Frangaise, were to explain their attitudes. Even if their explanation were unsatisfactory, it was the duty of those Comrades who have so outspokenly condemned them, to listen and judge in an impartial manner. We have on several occasions criticized our Spanish comrades. We are therefore giving them ample space in our columns to explain their Arms! Anns, and not telegrams of sympathy for the Spanish attitude and justify their somewhat violent deviations from Anarchist people fighting International Fascism! principles. It is our duty to place before our readers their “ case,” and we trust that the Comrades of “ Terre Libre ” will do likewise in an equally impartial manner. — The Editors. Callousness Or Indifference ? Garcia Oliver, who was the first Because of the cowardice and Prof. Carlo Rosselli’s speaker saitf that he considered it sitation of the bourgeois govern- T H E advent of Dictatorship and Fascism has resulted in appalling indif- necessary, if one was to understand :rt, the Fascists were able to 1 ference to the most harrowing crimes. Time was when political abuses the present situation of the Anar­ te advantage of the situation, Opinion On in any country were met with immediate response from all liberals and cho-Syndicalist movement in Spain, :eting no serious opposition. revolutionaries. Especially was this the case with the victims of Csarism: On the 17th, 18th and 19th July, to trace the history of the CNT Catalan Anarchists more than one heroic fighter in Russia was saved from death or banish­ right up to the fascist uprising. i vigilant masses demanded in | AM not an anarchist; but I deem ment by the concerted action and protest undertaken everywhere outside Until 1911, when the CNT was in arms from the “ civil govern- 1 it my duty in the face of justice formed, Spain was without a poli­ 3 of arms.” As a set-off the to state quite frankly my opinion of Russia. All this wonderful spirit of solidarity and fellowship has gone tical or syndical movement. The ijority were openly helping the on the true nature of Catalan an­ by the board since dictatorship and fascism have infested all ranks. No U.G.T. was merely an ensemble scists, which thus explained the archism, too often represented as matter how heinous the crime committed in their names, hardly a voice ison why many provinces fell in- of small workers’ societies of a a purely critical, destructive, ever is being raised in indignation against them. Indeed they are accepted as strictly corporative nature. Spain their power. The same happened criminal force. Catalan anarchism a matter of course and quite in keeping with dictatorship as a redeemer was a backward country, whilst Catalonia. But the CNT orga- is, apart from everything else, a of the human race. the monarchy though constitution­ sed the struggle, and after three strong current in the western work­ al governed with the support of ys during which they lost 500 ers’ movement. The Libertarian- The astounding accord between land Professor C. Rosselli told me the military and clergy. The clique ad and more than 1,000 wounded, Communists of Catalonia are the Fascism and Dictatorship has of a plan he had perfected for the of Generals who surrounded the 3cism was conquered in Catalo- “voluntaries” to whom social life again been demonstrated in two co-ordination of the militia with­ king, were the real rulers of Spain. i. As a result rapid victories in its entirety is not the result of flagrant recent crimes. I mean the out deadly military drill and com­ Unfortunately, the advent of the re gained in Taragona, Lerida a mechanised development of pro­ murder of Professor Camillo Ber- mand. At the time I was the guest Republic could be considered the d Gerona. ductive forces, but the result of cre­ neri and his comrade Barbieri, of our comrade D. A. de Santillan first step towards a fascist dicta­ “ The CNT— said Comrade Oliver ative willingness, and the struggle anarchists, by Communist police in who was at the head of the militia torship ten times more violent than immediately sent war material to of the masses. Their starting point Barcelona, and the equally foul in Barcelona. I arranged for Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship. ilencia in order to hasten the de- is the individual. According to them murder of Prof. Carlo Rosselli and Carlo Rosselli to see our comrade his brother by Fascist thugs. They The politicians of the dictatorship it of the fascists who were still the revolution must have the ser­ one evening that he may have a all use the identical methods in were to be found also under the 3isting; at the same time they or- vices of the individua' as the start­ chance to present his plan to him. destroying their political dissen- Republic; they stopped all revolu­ nized columns which were to try ing point, as the instrument and as The following day Carlo Rosselli tors. They not only take their tionary elan of the masses. These d free Aragon. Militiamen were the aim. No bureaucratic laws, but came to tell me that comrade San­ lives, they also defame their char­ men are now in the fascist ranks. ut to Andalusia, and help was free association of frie men. tillan was intensely interested in acters. Thus Stalin perpetuates It was then that the CNT begun /en to the Socialists in Madrid A kind of “ libertarian human­ his scheme and had promised help the infamous story that Russia has a revolutionary action which aimed d the Asturias. Until that time, ism,” such is the essence of Catalan and co-operation. Shortly after—- e CNT had not participated in become a cesspool of self-confessed at the cleaning up of the adminis­ anarchism which is a movement Professor Rosselli was wounded—— e Government of the Generality “ spies, traitors, Trotskyists ” and trative framework; but no one steeped in culture. Culture is its and had to leave the front. That— ' r in any central Government. But crooks of every sort. Mussolini on would understand. The leaders of passion. Its greatest martyr was no doubt has interfered with his— e nations passively looked on at the other hand proclaims the con­ determination to carry out his- in®- the Republic, rather than eliminate a teacher, a pedagogue: Francisco e events in Spain. We were alone version of anti-Fascists to his teresting plan. the reactionaries, attacked the CNT Ferrer. The “allegalist anarchists” ; the struggle despite the fact that Durruti, Ascaso, Jover, Oliver foun­ creed. He paints them as miser­ I am mentioning this merely as —thus the Right managed to take able weaklings and renegades who e Spanish people by virtue of its ded in Paris a library at the time a proof of the close unity and co­ control. The Left was surprised have come to see the error of their litical formations was allied to when they were being hunted in operation between the comrades of hut took no action. The CNT alone ways. They are just dying to em­ nilar forces in the world, both Catalonia like thieves. the CNT-FAI and Professor Carlo took up the struggle. It resulted brace Fascism and do the bidding the State and Politically. We I remained 75 days at the front Rosselli. But if there should be to the rising in the Asturias ten of its Master if he will only for- >re obliged to create and organ- with anarchists, and I admire them. anyone so dense as to believe the months later. Reaction as a result get-and-forgive. It is for this rea­ > our war industry; convert our The Catalan anarchists are the fantastic charge that Anarchists became even fiercer, and it was son that the murder of Professor ^tallurgical and chemical factor- heroic vanguard of the Western Re­ have taken the life of their close then that the proletariat became Rosselli and his brother must i into armaments factories, but, volution. With them has been born friend and comrade in arms aware of the necessity for revolu­ needs be laid at the door of the spite all our efforts, the manu- a new world, and it is a great joy against Fascism, Professor Ros­ tionary action. The leaders of the Anarchists. Unfortunately there cture of arms was slow and in- to be able to serve it.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Brief Summer of Anarchy: the Life and Death of Durruti - Hans Magnus Enzensberger
    The Brief Summer of Anarchy: The Life and Death of Durruti - Hans Magnus Enzensberger Introduction: Funerals The coffin arrived in Barcelona late at night. It rained all day, and the cars in the funeral cortege were covered with mud. The black and red flag that draped the hearse was also filthy. At the anarchist headquarters, which had been the headquarters of the employers association before the war,1 preparations had already been underway since the previous day. The lobby had been transformed into a funeral chapel. Somehow, as if by magic, everything was finished in time. The decorations were simple, without pomp or artistic flourishes. Red and black tapestries covered the walls, a red and black canopy surmounted the coffin, and there were a few candelabras, and some flowers and wreaths: that was all. Over the side doors, through which the crowd of mourners would have to pass, signs were inscribed, in accordance with Spanish tradition, in bold letters reading: “Durruti bids you to enter”; and “Durruti bids you to leave”. A handful of militiamen guarded the coffin, with their rifles at rest. Then, the men who had accompanied the coffin from Madrid carried it to the anarchist headquarters. No one even thought about the fact that they would have to enlarge the doorway of the building for the coffin to be brought into the lobby, and the coffin-bearers had to squeeze through a narrow side door. It took some effort to clear a path through the crowd that had gathered in front of the building. From the galleries of the lobby, which had not been decorated, a few sightseers watched.
    [Show full text]
  • FLARR Pages #63: Soledad Gustavo and the Spanish Cultural Canon
    University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well FLARR Pages Journals Fall 2008 FLARR Pages #63: Soledad Gustavo and the Spanish Cultural Canon James Wojtaszek University of Minnesota - Morris Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/flarr Part of the European History Commons, and the Spanish Literature Commons Recommended Citation Wojtaszek, James, "FLARR Pages #63: Soledad Gustavo and the Spanish Cultural Canon" (2008). FLARR Pages. 52. https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/flarr/52 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. It has been accepted for inclusion in FLARR Pages by an authorized administrator of University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 75 File Under: -Anarchist FLARR PAGES # 63 Movement The Foreign Language Association of the Red River in Spain Volume #2 Fall 2008 broke the plates. More frequently, copies of "Soledad Gustavo and the Spanish Cultural La Revista Blanca simply disappeared in Canon," James Wojtaszek, UMM the mail or were seized, making it necessary to deliver the journal by hand. Some ex!les Alongside her husband Federico Urales wondered at the time how it could continue (pseudonym of Joan Montseny), Soledad to exist at all without government Gustavo (pseudonym of Teresa Maiie) was protection, raising questions about its active and influential in Spain's anarchist loyalties. In all likelihood the publishers did movement of the late nineteenth and early have some agreement with government twentieth centuries. The couple published officials not to print any specific material numerous articles and were founders and editors on domestic politics, because none ever of the journals La Revista Blanca and Tierra y 'appeared.
    [Show full text]
  • Authoritarian Communism and Libertarian Communism
    Library.Anarhija.Net Authoritarian Communism and Libertarian Communism Max Nettlau, Federica Montseny Max Nettlau, Federica Montseny Authoritarian Communism and Libertarian Communism 1928 Retrieved on March 31st, 2014 from http://libcom.org/library/ authoritarian-communism-libertarian-communism-max-nettlau Max Nettlau, “Comunismo Autoritario y Comunismo Libertario”, La Revista Blanca (February 1, 1928), VII, No. 113, pp. 513–517; (February 15, 1928), VII, No. 114, pp. 545–550; (March 1, 1928), VII, No. 115, pp. 577–579. Originally written in French, then translated into Spanish by Federica Montseny in 1928 during one of Nettlau’s visits to Spain. Translated from the Spanish translation available online at: http://agitacionrural.no-ip.org/node/68 lib.anarhija.net 1928 Contents Preface: Max Nettlau, or The Choice of Modesty – Federica Montseny 3 Chapter 1 9 Chapter 2 20 Chapter 3 35 2 Preface: Max Nettlau, or The Choice of Modesty – Federica Montseny Blessed are those whose souls are transparent, whose lives are honest, and whose hearts are pure; for theirs is the kingdom of the earth. Blessed are those who believe in human goodness, those who preserve their illusions intact and nourish the hope that for them the doors of life will open. Blessed are those who offer the world their fraternal right hand and friendly visage, those who go with a smile on their lips and cast a light before them. And blessed, too, are those who can love those who can believe, those who can discover within the human wasteland, a tree under which their anxieties concerning their ideal, and their human de- sires for trust and affection, can take shelter.
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Republican Women During the Spanish Civil War
    Article Becoming visible and real: Images of Republican Women during the Spanish Civil War MARTIN MORUNO, Dolorès Abstract Following Donna Haraway’s (1988) doctrine of embodied objectivity, I analyze the construction of the notion of woman in the visual culture produced during the Spanish Civil War, by considering different women’s roles as militiawomen, political leaders, nurses, and workers in the munitions factories. A selection of photographs of the Republican women during the Spanish Civil War reveals how the modern wars of the first half of the 20th century should not be considered exclusively a male domain because women became publicly visible and a political power in their fight against fascism. As it occurred with other North American and European women during World War I and World War II, Spanish women joined the labor forces with the outbreak of the Civil War, becoming aware of their subjugated position for the first time in history. Therefore, the images depicting Republican women mirrored not only the legal and social rights conquered by women since the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931, but they also embodied their emancipation and, furthermore, the roots of Spanish Feminism, a movement which has been [...] Reference MARTIN MORUNO, Dolorès. Becoming visible and real: Images of Republican Women during the Spanish Civil War. Visual Culture & Gender, 2010, vol. 5, p. 5-15 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:28796 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Visual Culture & Gender, Vol. 5, 2010 Reading Gender in Spanish War Photography an annual peer-reviewed international multimedia journal This article explores the representation of Republican women during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) through a selection of photo- BECOMING V ISI B LE AND REAL : graphs, in order to show their political participation in the conflict and, IMAGES OF REPU B LICAN WOMEN DU R ING THE SPANISH CI V IL WA R furthermore, to interpret their particular experience in wartime (see Figure 1).
    [Show full text]
  • The “ Rising” in Catalonia
    I can really be free when those around me, both men and women, are also free. The li­ berty of others, far from limit­ ing or negating my own, is, on the contrary, its necessary con­ dition and guarantee. —B a k u n i n PRICE 2d— U.S.A. 5 CENTS. VOLUME 1, NUMBER 13. JUNE 4th, 1937. OPEN LETTER TO FEDERICA MONTSENY lAfclante, juventod; a luchar como titanes 1 By Camillo Berneri (This letter is taken from the Guerra di Classe of April 14th, 1937 (organ of the Italian Syndicalist Union, affiliated with the A IT ) published at Barcelona. It bears the signature of Camillo Bemert the well known militant anarchist, who, for several months, acted as the political delegate with the Errico Malatesta Battalion— and was addressed to Frederica Atont- seny, member of the Peninsular Committee of the F A I and Minister of Hygiene and Public Assistance in the Valencia Government. The text is reproduced almost in its entirety. The introduction only is missing—and that served solely to eliminate any personal animosity from the discussion by affirming the friendship and esteem of the signatory for his correspondent. — Eds.) REVOLUTIONARY SPAIN AND icith his practical realism, etc.” And I wholeheartedly approved of Voline’s THE POLICY OF reply in “Terre Libre” to your COLLABORATION thoroughly inexact statements on the Russian Anarchist Movement. H AVE not been able to accept But these are not the subjects I calmly the identity— which you I wish to take up with you now. On affirm— as between the Anarchism of these and other things, I hope, some Bakunin and the Federalist Republic­ day, to talk personally with you.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rival Durrutis: the Posthumous Cult of Personality of Buenaventura
    CHRISTOPHER BANNISTER, PHD RESEARCHER, EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE The Rival Durrutis: The Posthumous Cult of Personality of Buenaventura Durruti, November, 1936 – June, 1937 Newcastle University MLitt Dissertation, submitted August 2009 6/29/2010 This is an extract from a Master’s thesis submitted in August 2009, the thesis was concerned with the posthumous cult of personality of Buenaventura Durruti during the Spanish Civil War and detailed the rise of the living cult and the perpetuation of the cult following the subject’s death. This extract details the cult in the period November 1936 to June 1937. Introduction On 22 November 1936 the anarchist working class of Barcelona took to the streets. No barricades were erected, as on this day as the city was not united by revolution, but in grief. The widespread mourning was for the funeral of Buenaventura Durruti, killed in the heroic defence of Madrid. Durruti was, according to press reports, tragically struck down by a snipers bullet as he inspected his troops at the front.11 By the evening of 21 November the city’s streets were impassable as the proletariat gathered to pay their respects to the one they called ‘our Durruti’.2 The funeral began at ten the following morning as the body left the headquarters of the anarchist union, the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (National Confederation of Labour, CNT), and proceeded down the Via Layetana, renamed Via Durruti, in honour of the legendary anarchist.3 The procession was followed by hundreds of thousands of mourners, many carrying banners and flags celebrating the ‘hero of the people’ and ‘the fallen hero of liberty’.4 Those without totems raised their fists in the air and sang the anarchist hymn Hijos del pueblo, (sons of the people).5 As the cortège reached Las Ramblas the crowds swelled further, as people climbed trees to catch a glimpse of the body, the exact number of mourners was never recorded, but estimates put 1 Abel Paz, Durruti in the Spanish Revolution (Edinburgh: AK Press, 2007), p.
    [Show full text]
  • The Image of Women in Graphic and Narrative Representations
    THE IMAGE OF WOMEN IN GRAPHIC AND NARRATIVE REPRESENTATIONS Mandy Lea McGregor A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Romance Languages (Spanish). Chapel Hill 2009 Approved by: Dr. José Polo de Bernabé Dr. Larry King Dr. Irene Gomez-Castellano © 2009 Mandy Lea McGregor ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT MANDY LEA MCGREGOR: The Image of Women in Graphic and Narrative Representations (Under the direction of Dr. José Polo de Bernabé) Spain in the early twentieth century was a country in constant transformation. The Segunda República Española and the Civil War brought social as well as political changes. As the Republicans and Nationalists fought for control, women, and Spanish society as a whole, fought to establish woman’s identity in modern Spain. Images of women in Civil War propaganda posters and in novels reveal the complexities inherent in both Republican and Nationalist attitudes toward women. While Republicans sought to liberate women, Republican propaganda posters and literature demonstrate a tendency to relegate women to tradition roles. The Nationalists, on the other hand , endeavored to maintain women as submissive housewives. Nonetheless, Nationalist propaganda posters and literature often contradict this ideal with images of strong women. These contradictions expose the unstable attitudes toward women on both sides of the Civil War and the difficulties of establishing identity, especially for women, in the modern era. iii To my amazing mother – you are my best editor. You inspire me and rescue my sanity on a daily basis.
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Civil War 1936–9
    CHAPTER 2 Spanish Civil War 1936–9 The Spanish Civil War 1936–9 was a struggle between the forces of the political left and the political right in Spain. The forces of the left were a disparate group led by the socialist Republican government against whom a group of right-wing military rebels and their supporters launched a military uprising in July 1936. This developed into civil war which, like many civil conflicts, quickly acquired an international dimension that was to play a decisive role in the ultimate victory of the right. The victory of the right-wing forces led to the establishment of a military dictatorship in Spain under the leadership of General Franco, which would last until his death in 1975. The following key questions will be addressed in this chapter: + To what extent was the Spanish Civil War caused by long-term social divisions within Spanish society? + To what extent should the Republican governments between 1931 and 1936 be blamed for the failure to prevent civil war? + Why did civil war break out? + Why did the Republican government lose the Spanish Civil War? + To what extent was Spain fundamentally changed by the civil war? 1 The long-term causes of the Spanish Civil War Key question: To what extent was the Spanish Civil War caused by long-term social divisions within Spanish society? KEY TERM The Spanish Civil War began on 17 July 1936 when significant numbers of Spanish Morocco Refers military garrisons throughout Spain and Spanish Morocco, led by senior to the significant proportion of Morocco that was army officers, revolted against the left-wing Republican government.
    [Show full text]
  • From Comrades to Subversives: Mexican Secret Police and ‘Undesirable’ Spanish Exiles, 1939–60
    Journal of Latin American Studies (2021), 53,1–24 doi:10.1017/S0022216X20001017 ORIGINAL ARTICLE From Comrades to Subversives: Mexican Secret Police and ‘Undesirable’ Spanish Exiles, 1939–60 Kevan Antonio Aguilar* Doctoral candidate, History Department, University of California, San Diego *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]. (First published online 16 November 2020) Abstract This article examines the Mexican state’s surveillance of Spanish political exiles. As the Mexican government publicly welcomed over 20,000 political refugees fleeing the Spanish Civil War (1936–9), its intelligence apparatus characterised anarchist and com- munist refugees as subversive threats to the Mexican nation. Despite these efforts, the Mexican secret police failed to prevent the emergence of new political bonds between the two countries’ popular classes. This article shows the consequences of the Mexican secret police’s campaign against radical exiles while also highlighting instances in which Spaniards evaded the state’s purview and contributed to revolutionary projects in Mexico, Latin America and Spain. Keywords: Mexico; Spanish Civil War; exiles; anarchism; communism; surveillance Introduction In the early hours of 20 September 1948, four members of the Juventudes Libertarias Mexicanas (Mexican Libertarian Youth, JLM) were detained by police as they carried a bucket of paste, paintbrushes and over 3,000 leaflets to the Zócalo, Mexico City’s historic centre.1 Since three of the detained youths were Spanish exiles, the Mexican state’s intelligence apparatus, the Dirección de Investigaciones Políticas y Sociales (Directorate of Political and Social Investigations, DIPS), launched an investigation regarding the JLM and its mem- bers.2 Unlike other Spanish political organisations in exile, which primarily focused 1Originating in Spain, the Federación Ibérica de Juventudes Libertarias was re-established by exiled Spanish youth who were among the 20,000 political refugees that fled to Mexico following the victory of Dictator Francisco Franco in 1939.
    [Show full text]
  • Federica Montseny and Mujeres Libres: Two Approaches to Women's Emancipation Based in Spanish Anarchism
    FEDERICA MONTSENY AND MUJERES LIBRES: TWO APPROACHES TO WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION BASED IN SPANISH ANARCHISM by Gretchen A. Bowder SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY June 1987 Copyright (c) 1987 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Signature of Author . / / '~Department of Humanities June 1, 1987 Certified by Professor Margery Resnick Thesis Supervisor Accepted by i . - yw k :XJ - Professor Travis R. Lrtrritt AtS iTSL SltTE Director, Humanities Major Programs O TECHNOLOGY JUN 0 1987 ARCHIVES UBRARIES FEDERICA MONTSENY AND MUJERES LIBRES: TWO APPROACHES TO WOMEN'S EMANCIPATION BASED IN SPANISH ANARCHISM by Gretchen A. Bowder Submitted to the Department of Humanities on June 1, 1987 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science. Abstract From 1936 to 1939 Spain experienced what was probably the bloodiest war in its history - the Spanish Civil War. The leftist political factions that had emerged during the previous decades joined together to combat the fascists. The anarchists were one such group. In theory their ideology demanded the equality of all individuals, but women in the movement found themselves in the same inferior position as always. Federica Montseny and the women of the group Mujeres Libres were important women in the anarchist movement, and they held strong beliefs about the the place of women. Although they collaborated on programs to educate women, their theories were quite different. Montseny's approach to women's problems is based on the responsibility of the individual for his or her state regardless of the social conditions that caused it, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographical Essay
    EMMA GOLDMAN: A GUIDE TO HER LIFE AND DOCUMENTARY SOURCES Candace Falk, Editor and Director Stephen Cole, Associate Editor Sally Thomas, Assistant Editor BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAY THE WORLD OF EMMA GOLDMAN In 1969, nearly sixty years after it first appeared, Dover Publications published a paperback edition of Emma Goldman's Anarchism and Other Essays. A quarter-century later Dover still sells fifteen hundred copies annually, and its 1970 paperback edition of her autobiography, Living My Life (1931), also remains in print--testimony to the continuing interest in Goldman's life and ideas. With the publication of the microfilm edition of The Emma Goldman Papers, researchers will be able to supplement these volumes and other collections of Goldman's work with facsimiles of her correspondence, government surveillance and legal documents, and other published and unpublished writings on an extraordinary range of issues. The purpose of this essay is to assist users of the microfilm who are unfamiliar with Goldman's historical milieu by alerting them to books--secondary sources identified in the course of the Project's fourteen years of research--that will provide context for the documents in the collection. It is not intended to be a comprehensive bibliography; it is confined for the most part to books, excluding, for example, articles in scholarly journals as well as anarchist newspapers and pamphlets. Included, however, are accounts by Goldman and her associates of the movements and conflicts in which they participated that are essential for an appreciation of the flavor of their culture and of the world they attempted to build. Over the years, many of these sources have been reprinted; others have remained out of print for decades (for example, Alexander Berkman's Bolshevik Myth).
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Civil War Refugees and the French Concentration Camps of 1939
    Bennett 1 Cities of Defeat: Spanish Civil War Refugees and the French Concentration Camps of 1939 Emmaline Bennett Undergraduate Senior Thesis Department of History Columbia University 17 April 2020 Seminar Advisors: Professor Natasha Lightfoot, Professor Elisheva Carlebach Second Reader: Professor Camille Robcis Bennett 2 Contents Acknowledgements 3 Maps of the Camps 4 Introduction 5 Chapter 1: A Civil War 18 Chapter 2: An Inferno of Sand 36 Chapter 3: Surveillance, Control, and Evasion 56 Chapter 4: To Live Free in Prison 83 Conclusion 94 Bibliography 98 Bennett 3 Acknowledgements I’d like to thank everyone who helped me develop the ideas for this thesis, starting with Professor Kaye who, in his seminar on Historical Theory and Method, taught me quite a bit about how to engage critically with sources and historiography, in addition to offering helpful feedback on the process of writing a thesis. I’m also immensely indebted to the History department for their Senior Thesis Fellowship for Research in European Archives, which gave me the opportunity to spend six weeks studying archives in Spain and France and made it possible for me to write this thesis in the first place. The feedback of Professor Dodman, Professor Coleman, and all of the other participants in the Paris workshop was immensely helpful to me as I worked through my archival material and further refined the focus of my thesis. Professor Carlebach, my seminar advisor in the fall semester, helped me to think more about the historiographical stakes of my topic, placing me in a much better position to write the initial draft.
    [Show full text]