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Frauenleben in Magenza
www.mainz.de/frauenbuero Frauenleben in Magenza Porträts jüdischer Frauen und Mädchen aus dem Mainzer Frauenkalender seit 1991 und Texte zur Frauengeschichte im jüdischen Mainz Frauenleben in Magenza Frauenleben in Magenza Die Porträts jüdischer Frauen und Mädchen aus dem Mainzer Frauenkalender und Texte zur Frauengeschichte im jüdischen Mainz 3 Frauenleben in Magenza Impressum Herausgeberin: Frauenbüro Landeshauptstadt Mainz Stadthaus Große Bleiche Große Bleiche 46/Löwenhofstraße 1 55116 Mainz Tel. 06131 12-2175 Fax 06131 12-2707 [email protected] www.mainz.de/frauenbuero Konzept, Redaktion, Gestaltung: Eva Weickart, Frauenbüro Namenskürzel der AutorInnen: Reinhard Frenzel (RF) Martina Trojanowski (MT) Eva Weickart (EW) Mechthild Czarnowski (MC) Bildrechte wie angegeben bei den Abbildungen Titelbild: Schülerinnen der Bondi-Schule. Privatbesitz C. Lebrecht Druck: Hausdruckerei 5. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage Mainz 2021 4 Frauenleben in Magenza Vorwort des Oberbürgermeisters Die Geschichte jüdischen Lebens und Gemein- Erstmals erschienen ist »Frauenleben in Magen- delebens in Mainz reicht weit zurück in das 10. za« aus Anlass der Eröffnung der Neuen Syna- Jahrhundert, sie ist damit auch die Geschichte goge im Jahr 2010. Weitere Auflagen erschienen der jüdischen Frauen dieser Stadt. 2014 und 2015. Doch in vielen historischen Betrachtungen von Magenza, dem jüdischen Mainz, ist nur selten Die Veröffentlichung basiert auf den Porträts die Rede vom Leben und Schicksal jüdischer jüdischer Frauen und Mädchen und auf den Frauen und Mädchen. Texten zu Einrichtungen jüdischer Frauen und Dabei haben sie ebenso wie die Männer zu al- Mädchen, die seit 1991 im Kalender »Blick auf len Zeiten in der Stadt gelebt, sie haben gelernt, Mainzer Frauengeschichte« des Frauenbüros gearbeitet und den Alltag gemeistert. -
—PALESTINE and the MIDDLE EAST-N
PALESTINE AND MIDDLE EAST 409 —PALESTINE AND THE MIDDLE EAST-n By H. Lowenberg— PALESTINE THE YEAR BEGINNINO June, 1947, and ending May, 1948 was among the most crucial and critical periods in Palestine's modern history. The United Nations' historic partition decision of November 29, 1947, divided the year into two halves, each of different importance for the Yishuv and indeed for all Jewry: the uneasy peace before, and the commu- nal war after the UN decision; the struggle to find a solution to the Palestine problem before, and to prepare for and defend the Jewish state after that fateful day. Outside Palestine, in the Middle East as a whole, the UN partition decision and the Arab rebellion against it, left a mark scarcely less profound than in Palestine itself. UNSCOP On May 13, 1947, the special session of the General As- sembly of the United Nations created the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) with instructions to "prepare and report to the General Assembly and submit such proposals as it may consider appropriate for the solution of the problem of Palestine . not later than September ,1, 1947." In Palestine, the Arabs followed news of UNSCOP with apparent indifference. They adopted an attitude of hostil- ity towards the Committee, and greeted it with a two-day protest strike starting on June 15, 1947. Thereafter, they 410 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK took no further notice of the Committee, the Arab press even obeying the Mufti's orders not to print any mention of UNSCOP. This worried the Committee, as boycott by one side to the dispute might mean a serious gap in its fact finding. -
The Limits of Separation: Jaffa and Tel Aviv Before 1948—The Underground Story
– Karlinsky The Limits of Separation THE LIMITS OF SEPARATION: JAFFA AND TEL AVIV — BEFORE 1948 THE UNDERGROUND STORY In: Maoz A zaryahu and S. Ilan Troen (eds.), Tel-Aviv at 100: Myths, Memories and Realities (Indiana University Press, in print) Nahum Karlinsky “ Polarized cities are not simply mirrors of larger nationalistic ethnic conflicts, but instead can be catalysts through which conflict is exacerbated ” or ameliorated. Scott A. Bollens, On Narrow Ground: Urban Policy and Ethnic Conflict in Jerusalem and Belfast (Albany, NY, 2000), p. 326. Abstract — This article describes the development of the underground infrastructure chiefly the — water and sewerage systems of Tel Aviv and Jaffa from the time of the establishment of Tel Aviv (1909) to 1948. It examines the realization of the European-informed vision of ’ Tel Aviv s founders in regard to these underground constructs in a basically non-European context. It adds another building block, however small and partial, to the growing number of studies that aspire to reconstruct that scantily researched area of relations between Jaffa and Tel Aviv before 1948. Finally, it revisits pre-1948 ethnic and national relations ’ between the country s Jewish collective and its Palestinian Arab population through the prism of the introduction of a seemingly neutral technology into a dense urban setting, and the role played by a third party (here, mainly, the British authorities) in shaping these relations. Models of Urban Relations in Pre-1948 Palestine The urban history of pre-1948 Palestine has gained welcome momentum in recent years. Traditionally, mainstream Zionist and Palestinian historiographies concentrated mainly on the rural sector, which for both national communities symbolized a mythical attachment to “ ” the land. -
The Story of Israel As Told by Banknotes
M NEY talks The Story of Israel as told by Banknotes Educational Resource FOR ISRAEL EDUCATION Developed, compiled and written by: Vavi Toran Edited by: Rachel Dorsey Money Talks was created by Jewish LearningWorks in partnership with The iCenter for Israel Education This educational resource draws from many sources that were compiled and edited for the sole use of educators, for educational purposes only. FOR ISRAEL EDUCATION Introduction National Identity in Your Wallet “There is always a story in any national banknote. Printed on a white sheet of paper, there is a tale expressed by images and text, that makes the difference between white paper and paper money.” Sebastián Guerrini, 2011 We handle money nearly every day. But how much do we really know about our banknotes? Which president is on the $50 bill? Which banknote showcases the White House? Which one includes the Statue of Liberty torch? Why were the symbols chosen? What stories do they tell? Banknotes can be examined and deciphered to understand Like other commemoration the history and politics of any nation. Having changed eight agents, such as street times between its establishment and 2017, Israel’s banknotes names or coins, banknotes offer an especially interesting opportunity to explore the have symbolic and political history of the Jewish state. significance. The messages 2017 marks the eighth time that the State of Israel changed the design of its means of payment. Israel is considered expressed on the notes are innovative in this regard, as opposed to other countries in inserted on a daily basis, in the world that maintain uniform design over many years. -
Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Israel
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Israel Volume Author/Editor: Michael Michaely Volume Publisher: NBER Volume ISBN: 0-87014-503-7 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/mich75-1 Publication Date: 1975 Chapter Title: Index Chapter Author: Michael Michaely Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c4566 Chapter pages in book: (p. 215 - 219) Index Agorah, 146 "Branch funds," 85—86, 91. See also Agriculture: contribution to employment, Premiums 12; contribution to GNP, 12; British mandatory government: budget of, cooperatives, 3; exports, 17, 148; 2; equalization funds use, 8 3—84; and immigrants, 2, 12; imports, 65—66; exchange rate, 119; foreign-exchange liberalization, 65, 67, 76; productivity policy of, 22; foreign trade policy of, in, 161—162 24,27 American Jewry, 53 Brokencross-rate. See Poundsterling Amiel, Valery D., 93, 114 Budget: under British mandate, 2; and Autarky, 180, 182. See also Openness defense expenditures, 147; deficit in, 20; development of, 155—158, 174, 202; Bank of Israel: and credit expansion, 128, foreign-exchange, 28—33, 37, 55—56; and 130; establishment of, 2; financing of lendingfrom central bank, 2, 147. See exports by, 88; lending to government also Governmentsector by, 2, 147; monetary policy techniques of, 128, 146 Capital:anddomesticsavings, 153—159; Barkai, Haim, 25, 80 imports of, 12—18, 33—34, 53, 121, 130, Baruch, Joseph, 102, 114, 117 150—151,155, 164, 166, 175, 200—201; Beham, Miriam, 148 physical, 11, 15,20,190; andprivate Ben-Shahar, Haim, 105, 117 foreign investment, 150—153, 159; and Bilateral clearing agreements, 50, 54—55 repatriation,151—152 Black market for commodities, 4 1—43, 48, liberalization policy, 64; and 57, 133—134, 178. -
Refugees Storm U. S. Consulate for Visas
HE ISH ERALD VOL. XIII, No. 7 PROVIDENCE, R. I., FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 1938 5 CENTS THE COPY Mann Blames Britain Camival Treasurer REFUGEES STORM U. S. for Nazi fxpansion Infers London Helping Hitler CONSULATE FOR VISAS Los Angeles,-Thomas Mann, ex iled German winner of the Nobel Isaac Hamlin Will Address Europe To Back Prize for literature, blamed Eng land for the increasing Nazifica National Labor Committee Sunday tion of Europe. Arrangements have been com Roosevelt Proposal America, he said an interview, is pleted for the annual conference becoming the one beacon-light of of the National Labor committee Germany Shows democracy. of Palestine, to be held Sunday at Little Interest The tall, shy author declared: 2 o'clock at the Narragansett Ho "England could have stopped Hit tel. London-The United States' pro ler. But I have grudgingly become Isaac Hamlin of New York, Na posal that European and American convinced that she did not want to tional Secretary, will be the guest governments co-operate in afford do so, and is actually helping him. speaker. This is the 14th annual ing political refugees a haven ap A certain dominating group in Eng peared to have met a favorable re land fears-not Communism, which campaign for the Histadruth of Palestine. ception in Europe. will not move westward from Rus LOUIS HURWITZ Reports from Vienna told of sev During the 18 months of Terror sia-but certain reforms v.·hich left Mr. Hurwitz is treasurer of the eral thousand Austrians-many of the Histadruth has carefully watch •Wing Democrats are demanding. -
At the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
From The Collected Works of Milton Friedman, compiled and edited by Robert Leeson and Charles G. Palm. “Flexible Exchange Rates For Israel” by Milton Friedman Lecture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 5 July 1977 CHAIRMAN, Professor Giora Hanoch: Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of the Department of Economics I would like to greet the great scholar and our warm friend for a long time, Professor Milton Friedman. The usual chairman will say that Friedman does not need an introduction, and then go on to introduce him. I will try not to do that. We all are Professor Friedman’s students: those who had the privilege to study under him directly as well as those who studied his scholarly writing and have seen him in his previous visits here and elsewhere. This evening he’s going to talk about the subject of flexible exchange rates for Israel. As you all know, it is a great pleasure and stimulus to disagree with Professor Friedman. Even if we disagree, it’s always a great pleasure to hear him about any topic. I think he chose this particular topic tonight as an example . We all know what is his stand on flexible rates and abolition of controls on foreign exchange. And I’m sure he will go tonight beyond that and try to tell us more specifically how to do it, and not only why to do it. Professor Friedman has been a friend of the Hebrew University and of the Israeli economy for a long time. I remember, I missed his first visit in Israel. -
Spatio-Syntactical Analysis and Historical Spatial Potentials: the Case of Jaffa–Tel Aviv This Research
Journal of Interdisciplinary History, XLIX:3 (Winter, 2019), 445–472. Or Aleksandrowicz, Claudia Yamu, and Akkelies van Nes Spatio-Syntactical Analysis and Historical Spatial Potentials: The Case of Jaffa–Tel Aviv This research note examines the added value of spatio-syntactical analysis in the writing of urban history by providing a diachronic outlook on the transformations of the urban area of Jaffa and Tel Aviv (present- Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/jinh/article-pdf/49/3/445/1693773/jinh_a_01304.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 day Tel Aviv–Yafo). The space-syntax approach to spatial analysis, which crystalized during the 1980s, is based on the theoretical work of Hillier and Hanson. Its main argument is that the spatial organization of a town or a city directly affects the ways by which people perceive, move through, or use space—or, in Hillier’s own words, “How the urban system is put together spatially is the source of everything else.” Space-syntax methodology utilizes a mathematical representation of streets and open spaces to quantify their hierarchical position within a given street network. The quantification then becomes an indicator of the magnitude of movement passing through the streets and the types of activities that they attract. Despite some unresolved methodological prob- lems, space syntax, as a static model of urban life and activities, has gained a considerable amount of scholarly recognition, backed Or Aleksandrowicz is Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology. He is the author of “The Camouflage of War: Planned Destruction in Jaffa and Tel Aviv, 1948,” Planning Perspectives, XXXII (2017), 175–198; “Appearance and Performance: Israeli Building Climatology and Its Effect on Local Architectural Practice (1940–1977),” Architectural Science Review, LX (2017), 371–381. -
Unitzd Nations Conciliation
UNITZD NATIONS-- CONCILIATION COMMISSION-- FOR PWS'TINE RESTRICTED ComeGen&I@/Re~tl 16 January 1950 ENGLISIi ORIGINAL : FRENCH ,__.- .---. I - ,,. STATUS.: OFFTHEQUi$STIGN,.QF 'UNFR&'EZING, . ,...I,.. I, ,.'. ,,I: '? '~'~6E ASSETS,, .' ' i ,yRepo$$ of Dr, Servoise) Page 1. ‘. 3. INTRODUCTIGN 2 * A. Measure.taken by Israel to freeze Palestinian A&b assets, and by Great Britain to freeze Palestinian assets 2 EL The Palestine Conciliation Commission and the unfreezing of Arab assets 2 , Cb The Mixed Comt&ttee of 'Experts' on Blogked Accounts 3 II. THEPROBLEM tiD THE SUGGESTEDP,?RTIAL SOLUTION 4 . 4 - 6 A,', Negotiations L B, The positions of the parties ,_' 6 le' 1The situation concerning accounts blocked in Israel 6 . (a) General 6 (b) Juridical situation 6 (c) -II.De' facto situation 6 (d) Data on the total amount of accounts blocked 7 2, Positions of the parties and conditions laid down 8 -9 (a) Israeli, experts I 9 - 10 '. (b) Arab experts 10 -2.2 6, Analysis of the procedure suggested 52 16’ Role of the Arab Governmsnts (or designated, ,. institutions) 12 -lJ Role of the Government of Israel - 14 : ;: Role of the Trustee - 16 4, Mishellaneous questions Base currency 16 a-V17 Rate of interest 17 Rate of exchange for reimbursement 17 Total amount of the'operation 17 -I 18 Date of the final settlement 33 Place and date of meeting of the Mixed Committee of Experts 18 III, CONCLUSION 18 * 20 , Com,Gen,/Wo8/Revel, page 2 ‘. ,....:..~..,.:~;;‘,,_,,; ,. : _(’ . Y.. 1 .,i ,) .J, ,,. yi,,.. ST/&S OF Tm LJJ~STION OF UNFREEZING OF ACCOUNTS+b . -
Land Ownership in Palestine
LAND OWNERSHIP IN PALESTINE ... ·'·"" ·'· * Sami Hadawi THE PALESTINE ARAB R ~ FUGEE OFFICE 801 2od Avenue, 1o... 801 New York 17, N. Y. LAND OWNERSHIP IN PALESTINE -·- SAMI HADAWI THE PALESTINE ARAB REFUGEE OFFICE 801 2nd Avenue, Room 801 New York 17, N. Y. January 1957 This material is filed with the Department of Justice, where the required statement of "The Palestine Arab Refugee Office," registration No. 897, is available for inspection. Registration does not imply approval O'r disapproval of this material by the United States Government. FOREWORD Most of the material which has been written about Palestine since the tragedy of 1948, has dealt with the political side of the issue. The Israeli propaganda machine tries to give the impression to the outside world that the Palestine problem is nothing more than a case of~ dispute over a country which legally and legitimately belongs to the Jews and which the Arab States covet to annex to their own vast territories. As such, all other problems affecting the rights and interests of the Arab inhabitants of Palestine are of a secondary nature. The fact that is generally over-shadowed by this Israeli and Zionist propaganda, and w,hich, as a result, has been overlooked by world opinion so far as Palestine is concerned, is that the status of a country as belonging to a particular people is judged by the natural rights of the individuals who have been born and have tilled its soil for generations, rather than governed by political or other considerations. For the last four decades, Zionist propaganda has given a distorted picture of the situation in the Holy Land. -
United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine --L
--L~-.IUU-IIP--IILY.."UNITED NATIONS CONCILIATION A..*.--,.-, COMMISSION,_.,-PI___ FOR PALESTINE RESTRICTED w/w 18 July 1949 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: FRENCH NOTE ON CURRENCYAND BANKING IN PALESTINE AND TRANSJORDAW A, Currency Under the former Ottoman Ern$re, several European currencies circulated in Palestine side by side with the Turkish currency, commercial circles before the first world war of 1914-1918 actually preferring French currency (particularly the gold napoleon). At the the of the British occupation (in IL917), it was the Egyptian currency, brought in by the troops, which was considered as the country's legal currency. It was not until 1926 that the Palestine Currency Board, oonsiet- ing of representatives of the colonies, the Crown colonies, the Bank of England and the Palestine Financial Secretary, was established in London for the purpose of supervising Palestine's note circulation, supplying it with paper money and watching over Palestine's interests in currency matters, Starting from November 1927, the Currency Board put into circu- lation a new aurrency which in I..928 became the sole legal currency. This was the Palestine pound, equivalent in value to the pound ster- ling and divided into 1,000 mils, The notes in current circulation in Palestine are Q&, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 and 500. There are also silver coins of 50 and 100 mils and bronze and nickel coins of 5, 10 and 20 mils, - 36 ExtraotsT&m IlLA PALESTINE~~(issued by the Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiqued, 1948), and %A TRANSJOR.DANJE't(Issued by Documentation Francaise, 21 January 1949). -
Metadata on the Exchange Rate Statistics
Metadata on the Exchange rate statistics Last updated 26 February 2021 Afghanistan Capital Kabul Central bank Da Afghanistan Bank Central bank's website http://www.centralbank.gov.af/ Currency Afghani ISO currency code AFN Subunits 100 puls Currency circulation Afghanistan Legacy currency Afghani Legacy currency's ISO currency AFA code Conversion rate 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new); with effect from 7 October 2002 Currency history 7 October 2002: Introduction of the new afghani (AFN); conversion rate: 1,000 afghani (old) = 1 afghani (new) IMF membership Since 14 July 1955 Exchange rate arrangement 22 March 1963 - 1973: Pegged to the US dollar according to the IMF 1973 - 1981: Independently floating classification (as of end-April 1981 - 31 December 2001: Pegged to the US dollar 2019) 1 January 2002 - 29 April 2008: Managed floating with no predetermined path for the exchange rate 30 April 2008 - 5 September 2010: Floating (market-determined with more frequent modes of intervention) 6 September 2010 - 31 March 2011: Stabilised arrangement (exchange rate within a narrow band without any political obligation) 1 April 2011 - 4 April 2017: Floating (market-determined with more frequent modes of intervention) 5 April 2017 - 3 May 2018: Crawl-like arrangement (moving central rate with an annual minimum rate of change) Since 4 May 2018: Other managed arrangement Time series BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.EUR.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AA.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AB.A04 BBEX3.A.AFN.USD.CA.AC.A04 BBEX3.M.AFN.EUR.CA.AA.A01