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!"#$%&#'($&#)(''#("*#+,"$&-#$%&#.//0&-($,1$&"4,/"#/)),5&7,"4#-&5&,1,"7#8("9#5(''4 (6/:$#(#%(-*#$/#5/"$-/'#0&-&"",('#+&&*#5(''&*#;'/-,*(#<&$/"9=##>%&#+&&*#&8&-7&4#,"#$%& )(''#("*#6&5/8&4#(#4&1&-&#'(+"#0-/6'&8#(4#+,"$&-#0-/7-&44&4=##;'/-,*(#<&$/"9#,4#( 0&-&"",('#+&&*#$%($#,4#1&-9#*,)),5:'$#$/#5/"$-/'=##!$#5("#6&#-&5/7",?&*#69#$%&#+%,$&#$/#$(" $:6&-#)/:"*#,"#$%/,'#6&"&($%#$%�'("$#("*#69#$%@:(-$&84#("*#+%,$&A#0,"B#/-#6':& )'/+&-4=##>%,4#$:6&-#-&4&86'&4#(#)($#7-:6#/-#(#-($$'&4"(B&#-($$'&=##C/:#8:4$#*,7#*/+"#$/ ),"*#$%&#$:6&-A#(4#,$#+,''#6-&(B#/))#)-/8#$%�'("$#+%&"#9/:#$-9#$/#0:''#,$#/:$#/)#$%-/:"*=#

>%&4$#+(9#$/#5/"$-/'#;'/-,*(#<&$/"9#,4#$%-/:7%#4(",$($,/"=##.%&5B#(''#":-4&-9#0'("$4 ("*#4/*#6&)/- /:#0'("$#$%&8#,"#9/:-#9(-*=##D/#"/$#0'("$#("9$%,"7#$%($#5/"$(,"4#4,7"4#/) ;'/-,*(#<&$/"9=##E5/:$#6/$%#9/:-#0-/0&-$9#("*#$%&#&*7&4#/)#9/:-#9(-*#-&7:'(-'9#$/#5%&5B )/-#;'/-,*(#<&$/"9=##>%&#:"*&-7-/:"*#-%,?/8&4#5("#40-&(*#@:,$&#-(0,*'9A#4/#&(-'9 FLORIDA BETONY / PENNYWORT / SMILAX*&$&5$, /"#("*#&-(*,5($,/"#(-&#&44&"$,('=#

! "#'("*45(0&*4#$%&#/"'9#4&'&5$,1&#%&-6,5,*&#$%($#$-:'9#5/"$-/'4#$%,4#+&&*#,4#*,5'/6&",'= F/+&1&-A#$%,4#%&-6,5,*&#('4/#+,''#B,''#/-#4&1&-&'9#*(8(7&#%&-6(5&/:4#/-"(8&"$('4A#"&+'9 0'("$&*#+//*9#/-"(8&"$('4A#("*#4/8&#&4$(6',4%&*#0'("$4=##>%&-&)/-&A#)/''/+#'(6&' FLORIDA BETONY, Stachys Floridana *,-&5$,/"4#1&-9#5(-&):''9A#(00'9#/"'9#,"#$%&#+,"$&-A#("*#(00'9#/"'9#(-/:"*#&4$(6',4%&* /-"(8&"$('4#$%($#(-&#"/$#',4$&*#/"#$%&#'(6&'#(4#4:45&0$,6'&=##G"/$%&-#/0$,/"#,4#H'90%/4($&A +%,5%#8(9#6&#(00',&*#(4#(#40/$#$-&($8&"$=##H'90%/4($(9#6/8&+%($#&))&5$,1&A#6:$ How to recognize -&0&($&*#(00',5($,/"4#(-&#"&5&44(-9=##I&8&86&-#$%($#H'90%/4($&#+,''#*(8(7&#/-#B,'' Florida Betony is a perennial weed that is very difficult to control. It *&4,-(6'�'("$4#(4#+&''A#4/#)/''/+#'(6&'#*,-&5$,/"4#("*#(1/,*#("9#40-(9#*-,)$= can be recognized by the white to tan tuber found in the soil ;'/-,*(#<&$/"9#6&5/8&4#(#0-/6'&8#,"#'(+"4#(4#+&''#(4#,"#/-"(8&"$('#6&*4A#("*#,4 beneath the plant and by the square stems and white, pink or blue &40&5,(''9#0-/6'&8($,5#,"#5&"$,0&*&7-(44#("*#E$=#G:7:4$,"-(44=##;/-#.&"$,0&*&#("*#E$= G:7:4$,"&A#;'/-,*(#<&$/"9#8(9#6/"$-/''&*#:4,"7#($-(?,"&#/-#(#5/86,"($,/"#/)#($-(?,"&#J flowers. This tuber resembles a fat grub or a rattlesnake rattle. You 6&"$(?/"=##G00'9#$%&4&#"/+#K)(''L#("*#-&(00'9#,"#8,*M+,"$&-#$/#&(-'9#40-,"7=##I&(*#("* )/''/+#(''#'(6&'#*,-&5$,/"4A#&40&5,(''9#"/$,"7##/-"(8&"$('4#$%($#8(9#6&#*(8(7&*#,)#9/:#(00'9 must dig down to find the tuber,!"#$%& as'( )it *will+#, break-(./+' off01 -from2(!" #the$%& plant','3 $%�-/*:5$#(-/:"*#$%&,-#-//$#?/"&4=##;/-#/$%&-#'(+"4A#0/4$&8&-7&"$#6-/(*'&()#%&-6,5,*&4 when you try to pull it out of the ground. The weed emerges in the 5/"$(,","7#NAOD#J#P.QQ#J#*,5(86(A#/-#5'/09-(',*#J#$-,5'/09-A#0-/1,*/8/"$-/'A#6:$ !"#$%&#'($&#)(''#("*#+,"$&-#$%&#.//0&-($,1$&"4,/"#/)),5&7,"4#-&5&,1,"7#8("9#5(''4 "/$&#$%($#$%&4&#%&-6,5,*/86,"($,/"4#5(""/$#6&#:4&*#/"#(''#7-(44&4=##I&(*#$%&#'(6&' fall and becomes a severe lawn problem as winter progresses. 5(-&):''9#$/#8(B:-&#$%�-/*:5$#9/:#(-:9,"7#5("#4()&'9#6&#:4&*#/"#9/:-#$90&#/)#'(+"A (6/:$#(#%(-*#$/#5/"$-/'#0&-&"",('#+&&*#5(''&*#;'/-,*(#<&$/"9=##>%&#+&&*#&8&-7&4#,"#$%& ("*#8(B:-&#$/#)/''/+#(''#*,-&5$,/"4#-&7(-*,"7#$,8&#("*#8(""&-#/)#(00',5($,/"= )(''#("*#6&5/8&4#(#4&1&-&#'(+"#0-/6'&8#(4#+,"$&-#0-/7-&44&4=##;'/-,*(#<&$/"9#,4#( How to0 &control-&"",('#+& &*#$%($#,4#1&-9#*,)),5:'$#$/#5/"$-/'=##!$#5("#6&#-&5/7",?&*#69#$%&#+%,$&#$/#$(" When$:6&-#)/ Florida:"*#,"#$%& Betony#4/,'#6&"& (is$% #not$%� widespread,'("$#("*#69#$% @digging:(-$&8 4can#("* #+be% ,$an&A#0 ,"B#/-#6':& G"$,5,0($&#$%($#,$#+,''#$(B&#($#'&(4$#$+/#9&(-4#/)#$-&($8&"$#$/#&-(*,5($&#&4$(6',4%&*#(-&(4#/) )'/+&-4=##>%,4#$:6&-#-&4&86'&4#(#)($#7-:6#/-#(#-($$'&4"(B&#-($$'&=##C/:#8:4$#*,7#*/+"#$/ ;'/-,*(#<&$/"9#)-/8#9/:-#'(+"#/-#/-"(8&"$('#6&*4=##!"#$%&("$,8&A#-&8/1&#(''#"&+#;'/-,*( effective way of control. Take special care to remove the <&$/"9#0'("$4#(4#4//"#(4#9/:#"/$,5&#$%&8=##>(B(&5,('#5(-&#$/#-&8/1&#$%&#:"*&-7-/:"* ),"*#$%&#$:6&-A#(4#,$#+,''#6-&(B#/))#)-/8#$%�'("$#+%&"#9/:#$-9#$/#0:''#,$#/:$#/)#$%-/:"*=# underground tubers. Widespread infestation can be controlled $:6&-4=#G#',$$'(-&#"/+#$/#0-&1&"$ $%&#&4$(6',4%8&"$#("*#40-&(*#/) using>%& 4select$#+(9#$/ive#5/ "herbicides.$-/'#;'/-,*(#<&$ /Refer"9#,4#$% -to/: 7%#4(",$($,/"=##.%&5B#(''#":-4&-9#0'("$4 $%,4#+&&*#+,''#4(1 /:#(#7-&($#*&(' http://ipm.ncsu.edu/agchem/agchem.html.("*#4/*#6&)/- /:#0'("$#$%&8#,"#9/:-#9(-*=##D/#"/$#0'("$#( "9$%,"7#$%($#5/"$(,"4#4,7"4#/) /)#%&(*(5%&A#$,8&#("*#8/"&9#$/ ;'/-,*(#<&$/"9=##E5/:$#6/$%#9/:-#0-/0&-$9#("*#$%&#&*7&4#/)#9/:-#9(-*#-&7:'(-'9#$/#5%&5B 5/"$-/'#(#'(-7&-#,")&4$($,/"#,"#$%& ):$:-&= )/-#;'/-,*(#<&$/"9=##>%&#:"*&-7-/:"*#-%,?/8&4#5("#40-&(*#@:,$&#-(0,*'9A#4/#&(-'9 *&$&5$,/"#("*#&-(*,5($,/"#(-&#&44&"$,('=#

PENNYWORT, Hydrocotyle spp. !"#'("*45(0&*4#$%&#/"'9#4&'&5$,1&#%&-6,5,*&#$%($#$-:'9#5/"$-/'4#$%,4#+&&*#,4#*,5'/6&",'= F/+&1&-A#$%,4#%&-6,5,*&#('4/#+,''#B,''#/-#4&1&-&'9#*(8(7&#%&-6(5&/:4#/-"(8&"$('4A#"&+'9 How to recognize 0'("$&*#+//*9#/-"(8&"$('4A#("*#4/8&#&4$(6',4%&*#0'("$4=##>%&-&)/-&A#)/''/+#'(6&' Pennywort, also known as*, dollarweed,-&5$,/"4#1&-9#5( is-&) :a'' 9warmA#(00'9#/-season"'9#,"#$%&#+ perennial,"$&-A#("*#(0 0'9#/"'9#(-/:"*#&4$(6',4%&* /-"(8&"$('4#$%($#(-&#"/$#',4$&*#/"#$%&#'(6&'#(4#4:45&0$,6'&=##G"/$%&-#/0$,/"#,4#H'90%/4($&A weed. It gets the common+ name,%,5%#8( 9dollarweed,#6&#(00',&*#(4#( #4from0/$#$- &its($8 silverdollar&"$=##H'90%/4($-(9#6/8&+%($#&))&5$,1&A#6:$ RSR#./''&7&#.,-5'& shaped leaves. The leaves- &of0& (dollarweed$&*#(00',5($,/" are4#(-& #"round,&5&44( -9bright=##I&8& 8green,6&-#$%( $#H'90%/4($&#+,''#*(8(7&#/-#B,'' .PGE>#<:,'*,"7 fleshy and look like miniature*&4,-( 6lily'� pads'("$4#( 4measuring#+&''A#4/#)/''/+ 1#'(-62”&'#*, in-& 5$,/"4#("*#(1/,*#("9#40-(9#*-,)$= P/-&%&(*#.,$9##T.##NUVVW NVN#NNN#XRVN diameter with a scalloped ;edge.'/-,*(#< &It$ /has"9#6& a5/ low8&4#(-growing#0-/6'&8#," #'habit(+"4#( that4#+&'' #(4#,"#/-"(8&"$('#6&*4A#("*#,4 1++45660'$+*$*+70*27,0287*&8 spreads by seeds, rhizomes&40 and&5,('' 9tubers.#0-/6'&8( $,5#,"#5&"$,0&*&7-(44#("*#E$=#G:7:4$,"-(44=##;/-#.&"$,0&*&#("*#E$= G:7:4$,"&A#;'/-,*(#<&$/"9#8(9#6/"$-/''& *#:4,"7#($-(?,"&#/-#(#5/86,"($,/"#/)#($-(?,"&#J How to control 6&"$(?/"=##G00'9#$%&4&#"/+#K)(''L#("*#-&(00'9#,"#8,*M+,"$&-#$/#&(-'9#40-,"7=##I&(*#("* )/''/+#(''#'(6&'#*,-&5$,/"4A#&40&5,(''9#"/$,"7##/-"(8&"$('4#$%($#8(9#6&#*(8(7&*#,)#9/:#(00'9 In landscape beds dollarweed$%�- /can*:5 $#(be-/ :hand"*#$%& ,-dug#-//$#? or/" &4=##;/-#/$%&-#'(+"4A#0/4$&8&-7&"$#6-/(*'&()#%&-6,5,*&4 controlled with herbicide, 5taking/"$(,","7 care#NAOD#J to#P .protectQQ#J#*,5 (your86(A#/ -#5'/09-(',*#J#$-,5'/09-A#0-/1,*/8/"$-/'A#6:$ shrubs and flowers. Pennywort"/$&#$% ($is#$ %a& 4perennial&#%&-6,5,* /weed86,"( $that,/"4#5 (""/$#6&#:4&*#/"#(''#7-(44&4=##I&(*#$%&#'(6&' can emerge from seeds, tubers5(-&):'' 9and#$/#8 (rhizomes.B:-&#$%� -Once/*:5$#9 /:#(-:9,"7#5("#4()&'9#6&#:4&*#/"#9/:-#$90&#/)#'(+"A ("*#8(B:-&#$/#)/''/+#(''#*,-&5$,/"4#-&7(-*,"7#$,8&#("*#8(""&-#/)#(00',5($,/"= Pennywort has made its way into the landscape bed a herbicide may be necessary if hand pulling is not practical.G"$,5,0($&#$% In($#,$# lawns,+,''#$(B& #a( $#'chemical&(4$#$+/#9& (control-4#/)#$-&( $8may&"$#$ /still#&-( *be,5( $&#&4$(6',4%&*#(-&(4#/) necessary;'/-,*(#<&$/" to9#)- /further8#9/:-#'( reduce+"#/-#/-" (the8&" $dollarweed.('#6&*4=##!"#$% &("$,8&A#-&8/1&#(''#"&+#;'/-,*( <&$/"9#0'("$4#(4#4//"#(4#9/:#"/$,5&#$%&8=##>(B(&5,('#5(-&#$/#-&8/1&#$%&#:"*&-7-/:"* $:6&-4=#G#',$$'(-&#"/+#$/#0-&1&"$ For information on chemical control, refer to$ %http://ipm.ncsu.edu/agchem/agchem.html.&#&4$(6',4%8&"$#("*#40-&(*#/) $%,4#+&&*#+,''#4(1 /:#(#7-&($#*&(' /)#%&(*(5%&A#$,8&#("*#8/"&9#$/ 5/"$-/'#(#'(-7&-#,")&4$($,/"#,"#$%& ):$:-&=

RSR#./''&7&#.,-5'& .PGE>#<:,'*,"7 P/-&%&(*#.,$9##T.##NUVVW NVN#NNN#XRVN 1++45660'$+*$*+70*27,0287*&8 SMILAX, GREENBRIER, CATBRIER, Smilax Rotundifolia

How to recognize Native to the Americas, this is a large group of tough, moderately fast growing, evergreen to deciduous vines that grow from rhizomes or large tubers. Some species are viciously thorny. Greenish or yellowish flowers in spring or early summer are small and insignificant, but the blue-black berries that follow are often showy and are relished by birds; vigorous and climbing to 20 feet.

What it does Extensive underground rhizome tuber system; difficult to control with herbicides; can become very invasive and thorns can cause injury. Either dig tubers or use post emergent application control.

How to control For information on chemical control, refer to http://ipm.ncsu.edu/agchem/agchem.html.

This information is being provided to you by the Carteret County Master Gardener Volunteers in cooperation with the Carteret County Cooperative Extension Office.