Natural Resource Condition Assessment Castillo De San Marcos and Fort Matanzas National Monuments, Florida
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National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Natural Resource Condition Assessment Castillo de San Marcos and Fort Matanzas National Monuments, Florida Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2012/515 ON THE COVER A view of the marsh from Fort Matanzas on left. Castillo de San Marcos NM sign and grounds on right. Photograph by: Jessica L. Dorr, Conservation Management Institute, Virginia Tech Natural Resource Condition Assessment Castillo de San Marcos and Fort Matanzas National Monuments, Florida Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2012/515 Primary Authors/Editors: Jessica L. Dorr1, David M. Palmer1, and Rebecca M. Schneider1 Contributing Authors: John M. Galbraith2, Myles B. Killar3, Scott D. Klopfer1, Linsey C. Marr3, and Eric D. Wolf1 1Conservation Management Institute Virginia Tech 1900 Kraft Drive, Suite 250 Blacksburg, VA 24061-0534 2Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science Virginia Tech 3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech April 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. Printed copies of reports in these series may be produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is also available from the Integrated Resource Management Applications website (http://irma.nps.gov) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM). Please cite this publication as: Dorr, J. L., D. M. Palmer, R. M. Schneider, J. M. Galbraith, M. B. Killar, S. D. Klopfer, L. C. Marr, and E. D. Wolf. 2012. Natural resource condition assessment: Castillo de San Marcos and Fort Matanzas National Monuments, Florida. Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR—2012/515. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 343/113812, 347/113812, April 2012 ii Contents Page Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iii Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vii Figures.......................................................................................................................................... xiii Appendices ................................................................................................................................... xix Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... xxi Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... xxvii Prologue .................................................................................................................................... xxvii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. xxix 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Park and Resources ................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Bio-geographic and Physical Setting ................................................................................. 3 2.1.1 Park Location and Size .............................................................................................. 3 2.1.2 Park Plans and Objectives .......................................................................................... 3 2.1.3 Climate ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.1.4 Geology, Landforms, and Soils ................................................................................. 5 2.1.5 Surface Water and Wetlands ...................................................................................... 6 2.2 Regional and Historic Context ........................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Regional History and Land Use ................................................................................. 8 2.2.2 Site History ................................................................................................................ 8 2.3 Unique and Significant Park Resources and Designations ................................................ 9 2.3.1 Unique Resources ...................................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Special Designations ................................................................................................ 10 3.0 Condition Assessment (Interdisciplinary Synthesis) .............................................................. 11 iii Contents (continued) Page 3.1 Ecosystem Pattern and Process ........................................................................................ 12 3.1.1 Landscape Dynamics ............................................................................................... 12 3.1.1.a Current condition: ............................................................................................................ 12 3.1.1.b Resource threats and stressors: ........................................................................................ 24 3.1.1.c Critical knowledge or data gaps: ..................................................................................... 24 3.1.1.d Condition status summary ............................................................................................... 25 3.1.1.e Recommendations to park managers: .............................................................................. 26 3.1.2 Fire and Fuel Dynamics ........................................................................................... 28 3.1.2.a Current condition: ............................................................................................................ 28 3.1.2.b Resource threats and stressors: ........................................................................................ 34 3.1.2.c Critical knowledge or data gaps: ..................................................................................... 34 3.1.2.d Condition status summary ............................................................................................... 34 3.1.2.e Recommendations to park managers: .............................................................................. 34 3.2 Human Use ...................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.1 Non-point Source Human Effects ............................................................................ 36 3.2.1.a Current condition: ............................................................................................................ 36 3.2.1.b Resource threats and stressors: ........................................................................................ 43 3.2.1.d Condition status summary ............................................................................................... 43 3.2.1.e Recommendations to park managers: .............................................................................. 44 3.2.2 Visitor and Recreation Use ...................................................................................... 45 3.2.2.a Current condition: ............................................................................................................ 45 3.2.2.b Resource threats and stressors: ........................................................................................ 48 3.2.2.c Critical knowledge or data gaps: ..................................................................................... 48 3.2.2.d Condition status summary: .............................................................................................. 48 3.2.2.d Recommendations