Section 11: Towards Equality
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Beijing, Backlash, and the Future of Women's Human Rights
C o m m e n t a r y BEIJING, BACKLASH, AND THE FUTURE OF WOMEN'S HUMAN RIGHTS Charlotte Bunch l7he United Nations (UN) FourthWorld Conference on Women, held in Beijing this September 1995, occurs at a historical juncture for women. As we increasingly make our voices heard globally, the urgent need for women to be an integral part of the decision-making processes shaping the twenty-first century has never been more pressing. Indeed, the experience of women is central to a multitude of the world's concerns ranging from religious fundamentalism and chauvinistic nationalism to the global economy. As the old world ordercontinues its process of disintegration, transition, and re-organization, the opportunity for women to be heard is enhanced precisely because new alternatives are so badly needed. However, at the same time, there looms a dangerthat women's gains in the twentieth century will be turned back by religious fundamentalist forces and/or narrowly defined patriarchal nationalisms, which seek cohesion by returning women to traditional roles. In confronting these forces, women's voices must be heard. The first UN Decade for Women, from 1976 to 1985, helped legitimize women's projects and demands for greater participation in civil society at the local, national, and inter- national levels. In the decade since the 1985 World Confer- Charlotte Bunch is Director of the Center for Women's Global Leader- ship at Rutgers University and a Professor in the Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University, New Jersey. Please send correspondence to Charlotte Bunch, Center for Women's Global Leadership, Douglass College, 27 Clifton Avenue, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA. -
Red Press: Radical Print Culture from St
Red Press: Radical Print Culture from St. Petersburg to Chicago Pamphlets Explanatory Power I 6 fDK246.S2 M. Dobrov Chto takoe burzhuaziia? [What is the Bourgeoisie?] Petrograd: Petrogr. Torg. Prom. Soiuz, tip. “Kopeika,” 1917 Samuel N. Harper Political Pamphlets H 39 fDK246.S2 S.K. Neslukhovskii Chto takoe sotsializm? [What is Socialism?] Petrograd: K-vo “Svobodnyi put’”, [n.d.] Samuel N. Harper Political Pamphlets H 10 fDK246.S2 Aleksandra Kollontai Kto takie sotsial-demokraty i chego oni khotiat’? [Who Are the Social Democrats and What Do They Want?] Petrograd: Izdatel’stvo i sklad “Kniga,” 1917 Samuel N. Harper Political Pamphlets I 7 fDK246.S2 Vatin (V. A. Bystrianskii) Chto takoe kommuna? (What is a Commune?) Petrograd: Petrogradskogo Soveta Rabochikh i Krasnoarmeiskikh Deputatov, 1918 Samuel N. Harper Political Pamphlets E 32 fDK246.S2 L. Kin Chto takoe respublika? [What is a Republic?] Petrograd: Revoliutsionnaia biblioteka, 1917 Samuel N. Harper Political Pamphlets E 31 fDK246.S2 G.K. Kryzhitskii Chto takoe federativnaia respublika? (Rossiiskaia federatsiia) [What is a Federal Republic? (The Russian Federation)] Petrograd: Znamenskaia skoropechatnaia, 1917 1 Samuel N. Harper Political Pamphlets E42 fDK246.S2 O.A. Vol’kenshtein (Ol’govich): Federalizm v Rossii [Federalism in Russia] Knigoizdatel’stvo “Luch”, [n.d.] fDK246.S2 E33 I.N. Ignatov Gosudarstvennyi stroi Severo-Amerikanskikh Soedinenykh shtatov: Respublika [The Form of Government of the United States of America: Republic] Moscow: t-vo I. D. Sytina, 1917 fDK246.S2 E34 K. Parchevskii Polozhenie prezidenta v demokraticheskoi respublike [The Position of the President in a Democratic Republic] Petrograd: Rassvet, 1917 fDK246.S2 H35 Prof. V.V. -
Resolution 1325 and Post Cold-War Feminist Politics
Resolution 1325 and post Cold-War Feminist Politics Paper under review with the International Feminist Journal of Politics – please do not circulate or quote without consulting the author. [email protected] ABSTRACT Social movement scholars credit feminist transnational advocacy networks with putting violence against women on the UN security agenda, as evidenced by resolution 1325 and numerous other UN Security Council statements on gender, peace, and security. Such accounts neglect the significance of super power politics for shaping the aims of women’s bureaucracies and NGOs in the UN system. This article highlights how the fall of the Soviet Union transformed the delineation of ‘women’s issues’ at the United Nations and calls attention to the extent that the new focus upon ‘violence against women’ has been shaped by the post Cold War US global policing practices. Resolution 1325’s call for gender-mainstreaming of peacekeeping operations reflects the tension between feminist advocates’ increased influence in security discourse and continuing reports of peacekeeper perpetrated sexual violence, abuse and exploitation. Key Words: Transnational advocacy networks, Cold War, New Wars, Democratization, Peacekeeping, Human Rights, Feminism, Violence against Women, United Nations. In October 2000, the unanimous passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 linked gender, peace, and security and recognized the need to ‘mainstream a gender perspective in peacekeeping operations.’ The Resolution authorizes monitoring of peacekeeping operations by gender experts and condemns military sexual violence. As a policy artifact this Resolution gives evidence of startling tensions in the gender politics of mainstream international security discourse in the final years of the twentieth century. -
Social Bonds, Sexual Politics, and Political Community on the U.S. Left, 1920S-1940S' Kathleen A
Social Bonds, Sexual Politics, and Political Community on the U.S. Left, 1920s-1940s' Kathleen A. Brown and Elizabeth Faue William Armistead Nelson Collier, a sometime anarchist and poet, self- professed free lover and political revolutionary, inhabited a world on the "lunatic fringe" of the American Left. Between the years 1908 and 1948, he traversed the legitimate and illegitimate boundaries of American radicalism. After escaping commitment to an asylum, Collier lived in several cooperative colonies - Upton Sinclair's Helicon Hall, the Single Tax Colony in Fairhope, Alabama, and April Farm in Pennsylvania. He married (three times legally) andor had sexual relationships with a number of radical women, and traveled the United States and Europe as the Johnny Appleseed of Non-Monogamy. After years of dabbling in anarchism and communism, Collier came to understand himself as a radical individualist. He sought social justice for the proletariat more in the realm of spiritual and sexual life than in material struggle.* Bearded, crude, abrupt and fractious, Collier was hardly the model of twentieth century American radicalism. His lover, Francoise Delisle, later wrote of him, "The most smarting discovery .. was that he was only a dilettante, who remained on the outskirts of the left wing movement, an idler and loafer, flirting with it, in search of amorous affairs, and contributing nothing of value, not even a hard day's work."3 Most historians of the 20th century Left would share Delisle's disdain. Seeking to change society by changing the intimate relations on which it was built, Collier was a compatriot, they would argue, not of William Z. -
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WELLESLEY COLLEGE BULLETIN ANNUAL REPORTS PRESIDENT AND TREASURER ^^ 191 6= J 8 WELLESLEY, MASSACHUSETTS DECEMBER, I9I8 PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE IN JANUARY, MAY, JUNE, NOVEMBER, DECEMBER Entered as second-class matter December 20, 1911, at the post-office at Wellesley. Massachusetts, under Act of Congress of July 16, 1894. SERIES 7 NUMBER 6 WELLESLEY COLLEGE ANNUAL EEPOKTS PBESIDENT AND TREASURER 1916-1918 PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL REPORT To the Board of Trustees of Wellesley College:— I have the honor to present in one the report of the two years from July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1918. Heretofore the annual reports of the President and Treasurer due June 30 have been published in the following March. It was decided to publish these hereafter in December. To avoid publishing two reports in the 1918 series, the report for 1916-17 was de- layed, and is here combined with that for 1917-18. The sup- plementary reports of the Dean, the Librarian, and the Chair- man of the Committee on Graduate Instruction will also cover two years. These two years have brought many losses to the College. On February 12, 1917, Pauline Adeline Durant, the widow of the founder of the College, died at her home in Wellesley. Mrs. Durant gave the heartiest co-operation to Mr. Durant's plan for founding the College, and throughout his life assisted him in every way. After his death in October, 1881, she accepted the care of the College as a sacred trust from her husband, and gave to it thought, time, and money. Mrs. Durant had been an invalid confined to her home for more than three years before her death, but until these later years no meeting of the Board of Trustees nor any college function was complete without her presence. -
How Second-Wave Feminism Forgot the Single Woman Rachel F
Hofstra Law Review Volume 33 | Issue 1 Article 5 2004 How Second-Wave Feminism Forgot the Single Woman Rachel F. Moran Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Moran, Rachel F. (2004) "How Second-Wave Feminism Forgot the Single Woman," Hofstra Law Review: Vol. 33: Iss. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol33/iss1/5 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Moran: How Second-Wave Feminism Forgot the Single Woman HOW SECOND-WAVE FEMINISM FORGOT THE SINGLE WOMAN Rachel F. Moran* I cannot imagine a feminist evolution leading to radicalchange in the private/politicalrealm of gender that is not rooted in the conviction that all women's lives are important, that the lives of men cannot be understoodby burying the lives of women; and that to make visible the full meaning of women's experience, to reinterpretknowledge in terms of that experience, is now the most important task of thinking.1 America has always been a very married country. From early colonial times until quite recently, rates of marriage in our nation have been high-higher in fact than in Britain and western Europe.2 Only in 1960 did this pattern begin to change as American men and women married later or perhaps not at all.3 Because of the dominance of marriage in this country, permanently single people-whether male or female-have been not just statistical oddities but social conundrums. -
The Clinton Administration and Recognition of Women's
THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION AND RECOGNITION OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS1 KAREN GARNER Abstract: Summarizing various dimensions of transformative social change sought by transnational feminists, political scientist Mary Hawkesworth wrote in 2006: “Social change includes issue creation and agenda setting, transformation of prevailing discourses, and modification of global conventions, as well as the alteration of the procedures and policies of national governments and international institutions” (Hawkesworth, 2006, p. 68).2 All these social change components were in play as feminist activists sought to transform the substance and conduct of U.S. foreign policy during the Clinton Administration, (1993- 2001). This paper assesses events that took place during the first two years of President Clinton’s tenure in office and explains how “the administration,” that is, liberal feminist allies working inside the State Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), responded in limited but consequential ways to pressing women’s rights issues that feminist organization activists working outside of government defined. These two years coincided with two important United Nations world conferences: the 1993 UN World Conference on Human Rights (HRC) and the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD). In the 1990s, feminist nongovernmental organization activism coalesced around a series of UN conferences that marked the end of the Cold War era. Scholars often cite this NGO activism as the driving force that elevated gender consciousness among governments worldwide and stimulated the creation of a variety of national women’s policy offices to address social, political, and economic inequalities between women and men, as well as an array of women’s human rights issues.3 During this time, U.S. -
Encountering Feminism: Freeing Borders in a Conservative Society
Journal of International Women's Studies Volume 22 Issue 1 Article 30 February 2021 Encountering Feminism: Freeing Borders in a Conservative Society Bassmah B. AlTaher Follow this and additional works at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws Part of the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation AlTaher, Bassmah B. (2021). Encountering Feminism: Freeing Borders in a Conservative Society. Journal of International Women's Studies, 22(1), 523-531. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol22/iss1/30 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2021 Journal of International Women’s Studies. Encountering Feminism: Freeing Borders in a Conservative Society By Bassmah B. AlTaher1 Abstract What made Feminism the core of my academic and spiritual journey was the multiple questions that yearned for answers. I craved to feel the warmth of echoes created by various women with their tales. I needed assurance that women were not left powerless, and that they did have a silenced voice suppressed somehow, and somewhere, which was emerging gradually in time with a sense of pride and achievement. Above all, I wanted to know if that was all there was for me? I asked myself: As an Arab woman, is yielding to the norms and laws of a patriarchal society that suppressed my individuality the only path I could follow? This paper stems from an experience in the doctoral program at the University of Jordan when studying a Feminism course in the fall of 2012, when I was first introduced to the role of media in shaping women’s voices in various contexts. -
Representations in the Inter-War Years of the American White Working Class by Four Female Authors Paul Ha
1 The Story Less Told: Representations in the Inter-War Years of the American White Working Class by Four Female Authors Paul Harper A thesis submitted for the degree of MPhil in Literature Department of Literature, Film and Theatre Studies University of Essex March 2017 2 Contents - Abstract p. 4 - 1: Introduction p. 5 Thesis Outline The Authors to be Studied Social and Historical Context - 2: Terminology and Concepts p. 31 Working class Sex and Gender Women’s Writing The Male Gaze Propaganda Propaganda and Art Proletarian Art - 3. Anzia Yezierska p. 55 Yezierska’s Life Yezierska’s Style Yezierska’s Conclusions: An ‘American’ Author: Bread Givers, Arrogant Beggar, and Salome of the Tenements Salome of the Tenements Presentations of Sonya in Salome of the Tenements Conclusion - 4. Fielding Burke p. 95 Burke’s Life Burke’s Style Call Home the Heart and A Stone Came Rolling 3 Presentations of Ishma in Call Home the Heart and A Stone Came Rolling Conclusion - 5. Grace Lumpkin p. 129 Lumpkin’s Life Lumpkin’s Shifting Perspective: Analysis focused on The Wedding and Full Circle Lumpkin’s 1930s Proletarian Novels: A Sign for Cain and To Make My Bread Conclusion - 6. Myra Page p. 173 Page’s Life The Feminist Theme in Page’s ‘Other’ 1930s Novels: Moscow Yankee & Daughter of the Hills Gathering Storm Conclusion - 7. Conclusion p. 209 - Bibliography p. 217 4 Abstract This thesis will study novels written in the interwar years by four female authors: Anzia Yezierska, Fielding Burke, Grace Lumpkin, and Myra Page. While a general overview of these authors’ biographies, writing styles, themes, and approaches to issues surrounding race and religion will be provided, the thesis’ main focuses are as follows: studying the way in which the authors treat gender through their representation of working-class women; exploring the interaction between art and propaganda in their novels; and considering the extent to which their backgrounds and life experiences influence their writing. -
“To Work, Write, Sing and Fight for Women's Liberation”
“To work, write, sing and fight for women’s liberation” Proto-Feminist Currents in the American Left, 1946-1961 Shirley Chen A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE WITH HONORS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN March 30, 2011 Advised by Professor Howard Brick For my mother Table of Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... ii Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: “An End to the Neglect” ............................................................................ 10 Progressive Women & the Communist Left, 1946-1953 Chapter II: “A Woman’s Place is Wherever She Wants it to Be” ........................... 44 Woman as Revolutionary in Marxist-Humanist Thought, 1950-1956 Chapter III: “Are Housewives Necessary?” ............................................................... 73 Old Radicals & New Radicalisms, 1954-1961 Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 106 Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 111 Acknowledgements First, I am deeply grateful to my adviser, Professor Howard Brick. From helping me formulate the research questions for this project more than a year ago to reading last minute drafts, his -
Abena Busia Oral History Content Summary
Abena Busia Oral History Content Summary Track 1 [duration: 1:35:50] [session one: 18 March 2016] [00:00] Abena Busia [AB] Born in Ghana. Describes spending most of childhood in exile, living in The Netherlands, Mexico. Move to Standlake, Windrush Valley, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom (UK) aged nine. Attendance of Standlake Church of England Primary School. Mentions Headmaster, Gordon Snelling for teaching that ‘everybody could be a poet’. Describes love of poetry, music, words in household. Mentions Witney Grammar School (now The Henry Box School), Headington School. Father, Kofi Abrefa Busia, Leader of the Opposition to Kwame Nkrumah during Ghana’s Independence. Mentions father university professor on sabbatical, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague. Anecdote about father as ‘praying person’. Describes father as staunch Methodist with purely Methodist education from primary school in Wenchi, Ghana, to Oxford University, UK. [05:08] Story about fleeing Ghana by ship aged six with mother and three siblings, borders closed in search of AB’s father. Remarks on mother’s bravery. Mentions Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Clarks shoes, British Press, Elder Dempster Line. [11:14] Reflects on excitement of journey as a child. Mentions Rowntree’s Fruit Gums, learning to dance the Twist, films ‘Dr. No’, ‘She didn’t say No!’, ‘The Blue Angel’, ‘The Ten Commandments’, Elder Dempster Line SS Accra 3, SS Apam. [15:00] Recollections from early years in Ghana, growing up on University of Ghana campus. Mentions Fuchsia, Gladioli. Story about recurring memory of friend Susan Niculesku, Akwaaba doll. Describes having two exiles, first returning in 1966 after living in The Netherlands and Mexico. -
Dictatorsh I P and Democracy Soviet Union
\\. \ 001135 DICTATORSH IP AND DEMOCRACY IN THE SOVIET UNION FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SOCIALIST· LABOR CO~lECTlON by Anna Louise Strong No. 40 INTERNATIONAL PAMPHLETS 779 Broadway New York 5 cents PUBLISHERS' NOTE THIS pamphlet, prepared under the direction of Labor Re search Association, is one of a series published by Interna tional Pamphlets, 799 Broadway, New York, from whom additional copies may be obtained at five cents each. Special rates on quantity orders. IN THIS SERIES OF PAMPHLETS I. MODERN FARMING-SOVIET STYLE, by Anna Louise Strong IO¢ 2. WAR IN THE FAR EAST, by Henry Hall. IO¢ 3. CHEMICAL WARFARE, by Donald Cameron. "" IO¢ 4. WORK OR WAGES, by Grace Burnham. .. .. IO¢ 5. THE STRUGGLE OF THE MARINE WORKERS, by N. Sparks IO¢ 6. SPEEDING UP THE WORKERS, by James Barnett . IO¢ 7. YANKEE COLONIES, by Harry Gannes 101 8. THE FRAME-UP SYSTEM, by Vern Smith ... IO¢ 9. STEVE KATOVIS, by Joseph North and A. B. Magil . IO¢ 10. THE HERITAGE OF GENE DEllS, by Alexander Trachtenberg 101 II. SOCIAL INSURANCE, by Grace Burnham. ...... IO¢ 12. THE PARIS COMMUNE--A STORY IN PICTURES, by Wm. Siegel IO¢ 13. YOUTH IN INDUSTRY, by Grace Hutchins .. IO¢ 14. THE HISTORY OF MAY DAY, by Alexander Trachtenberg IO¢ 15. THE CHURCH AND THE WORKERS, by Bennett Stevens IO¢ 16. PROFITS AND WAGES, by Anna Rochester. IO¢ 17. SPYING ON WORKERS, by Robert W. Dunn. IO¢ 18. THE AMERICAN NEGRO, by James S. Allen . IO¢ 19. WAR IN CHINA, by Ray Stewart. .... IO¢ 20. SOVIET CHiNA, by M. James and R.