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Task Force Report 2017 TASK FORCE R EPORT Redefining American Leadership for an Internationalized Era 2017 i Cover Image NASA Earth Observatory. “Night Lights 2012 - Flat Map.” Available from: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/NightLights/ Printed at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington. ii iii Redefining American Leadership for an Internationalized Era Evaluator Jim McDermott Former US Representative (WA, 7th District) Faculty Advisor Professor Daniel Bessner Coordinators Madeline Wiltse Thomas Zadrozny Editors Kaia Boonzaier Grace DeBusschere Authors Cameron Evans Ezekiel Giron Matthew Hegyes Josiah Jones Alexander Nelson Esther Oh Audrey Peronnet Kevin Salyphod David Schwartz Zacharia Tarhouni Francis Wilson Peijin Yang University of Washington, Seattle Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies Task Force Report Winter 2017 iv Table of Contents Title Page................................................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................ vii Abbreviations and Acronymds ...................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. ix Policy Recommendations ................................................................................................................ xiii I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 II. Global Leadership in a Multipolar World ................................................................................ 7 A. Global Threats, Global Solutions Zacharia Tarhouni ........................................................................ 9 B. Balancing Unity and Self-Determination in International Community Josiah Jones ......... 33 C. The New American Way of War Ezekiel Giron ................................................................................. 42 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 Policy Recommendations ........................................................................................................................... 62 III. America Evolved: Harnessing the New Economy .............................................................. 63 A. Competitive Globalization Abroad, Equitable Growth at Home Francis Wilson .................. 67 B. Energy Reform and Strategic Planning for a Volatile Climate Matthew Hegyes .................. 83 C. Ensuring American Innovation Supremacy Alexander Nelson ................................................. 100 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 116 Policy Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 118 IV. Fostering and Securing American Identity ....................................................................... 119 A. Liberty and Security: Striking a Balance Esther Oh ..................................................................... 122 B. American Values Abroad Kevin Salyphod ........................................................................................ 138 C. Immigration: A Necessity for American Prosperity Audrey Peronnet ................................... 151 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 170 Policy Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 172 V. Stabilizing Regional Crises for a Future Global Order .................................................... 173 A. Maneuvering Towards a Peaceful and Prosperous Middle East Cameron Evans .............. 174 B. China and Its Neighbors: Regional Balancing and Economic Opportunity Peijin Yang .. 187 C. Russia: From Foreign Adversary to Friendly Competitor David Schwartz .......................... 196 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 207 Policy Recommendations ......................................................................................................................... 209 VI. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 210 VII. Appendix ..................................................................................................................................... 215 Minority Perspective on the role of the UN in Human Rights Josiah Jones ................................ 215 Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................... 217 v Acknowledgements We would like to give our utmost gratitude to the people who had a hand in the completion of this document: We thank our academic advisor, Professor Daniel Bessner, for his guiding hand and invaluable advice that provided us the support and counsel for us to gain a great deal from this rewarding experience. Thank you to our evaluator, Representative Jim McDermott, for not only taking the time to give us his commentary and feedback at the end of this project, but also for attending a few of our classes to see our work in progress to offer his insight, proving just how much he cares about this program’s success. Many thanks to Emily Keller, the Political Science and Public Policy Librarian. Her thorough and extensive research guide helped us countless times, as did her advice and availability to those seeking help. She made our research process much smoother and easier to handle. Thank you to the professors who allowed us a moment of their time away from their busy schedules, in particular Scott Montgomery and Dr. Katharyne Mitchell. We are incredibly grateful for the unique help we received. Your insight on the subjects you are most passionate about is invaluable. We’d also like to offer our thanks to Carson Gulledge for coming to our assistance in a moment of technological need. Finally, we would like to thank the administrators of the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies. This project has provided every one of us an experience we will never forget. Without you and your dedication this project would not be possible. vi Abbreviations and Acronyms AI Artificial Intelligence AQAP Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula BBG Broadcast Board of Governors BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa CBDR-RC Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities CBP Customs and Border Protection CCP Chinese Communist Party CIA Central Intelligence Agency CYBERCOM Cyber Command DHS Department of Homeland Security DOD Department of Defense EU European Union FBI Federal Bureau Of Investigation FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GED General Education Diploma GHG Greenhouse Gas GPS Global Positioning System GW Gigawatt IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile ICJ International Court of Justice IMF International Monetary Fund INDC Intended National Determined Contribution IRBM Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile IRCA Immigration Reform and Control Act ISIL Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant JCPOA Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action JDAM Joint Direct Attack Munition JWC Joint Water Commission LaWS Laser Weapons System LNG Liquid Natural Gas MAGTF Marine Air Ground Task Force MENA Middle East North Africa mSv MilliSievert NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAM Non-Aligned Movement vii NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NEI National Export Initiative New START New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration NPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty NSA National Security Agency OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OODA Observe, Orient, Decide, Act OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries P-5 The Five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council PEPFAR US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief PLA People's Liberation Army PTA Preferential Trade Agreement PWA Palestinian Water Association SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty Organization SME Small and Medium Enterprises SMR Small Modular Reactor SOE State-Owned Enterprises TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees US United States USAID United States Agency for International Development USIA United States Information Agency USMC United States Marine Corps USSR United Soviet Socialist Republics WTO World Trade Organization viii Executive Summary Not since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 has the international system been so upended. Waves of economic and political
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