Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini
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Congregation of SilveStrine MonkS of the order of St BenediCt St SylveSter’S Montefano - fabriano (ancona) Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini in images Bronze statue of St Sylvester and the wolf at the entrance to the Oratory of St Benedict Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini in images Ruins of the hermitage of Grottafucile Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini in images Monastery of Montefano Artistic project, layout and editing Oreste Mendolìa Gallino Cultural Association Alfainein, Monsano (AN) Dom Ugo Paoli St Sylvester’s Montefano, Fabriano (AN) Printing Grafiche Ricciarelli, Monsano (AN) Translation from Italian Abbot General Fr. Michael Kelly Cover images - above: panoramic view of the monastery; - below left: interior of the upper church, with the altar under which is the urn containing the mortal remains of St Sylvester; - below right: St Sylvester and a sick woman. The saint is wearing a tawny coloured cowl; in his right hand he holds a cross and in his left the Rule of St Benedict (15th century painting on wood conserved in the archive of Montefano). Note The text given in the lunettes is taken from the ”Life of the most holy Sylvester confessor and admirable hermit” (13th century) by Andrea di Giacomo da Fabriano. 1st edition, November 2018 All right reserved © MONASTERO SAN SILVESTRO ABATE - FABRIANO Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini in images Monastery of Montefano PRESENTATION he Life of St Sylvester is narrated through the images Major cloister of the twenty-four lunettes that decorate the walls ofT the two cloisters of the monastery of Montefano: four The original structure of the main cloister goes back to lunettes are in the minor cloister, twenty in the major the 13th century. one. Initially, the cloister consisted of three sides, that now correspond to the upper church (north side), to the Several noble families of Fabriano contributed to their monastic refectory and annexes (south side), and to the production and their coats-of-arms are represented at oratory of St Benedict with adjoining rooms (west side). the base of the lunettes. On the east side was the vaulted bell tower with one bell. The lunettes illustrate, with a simple and naïve art, vivacity of colour and richness of fantasy, the main The present main cloister, completed by the fourth side, episodes of the Life of St Sylvester (1177-1267) taken was built in the first decade of the 17th century during from the contemporary biography of the saint (Vita the terms in office of the Priors General Angelo Cingoli Silvestri) written by the monk Andrea di Giacomo da (1601-1604) and Nicolò Cossa (1607-1610). Fabriano between 1274 and 1282 by order of Bartolo da Cingoli, the third Prior General. In September 1740 the abbot of Montefano, Camillo Schimberni, gave the commission for the twenty Andrea di Giacomo took his information from the lunettes that decorate the main cloister to the painter witness of the numerous disciples still living, from Antonio Ungarini or Ungherini da Fabriano (+1771), Benvenuto, companion of study of St Sylvester at who began work in September 1740. Bologna and Padua, afterwards bishop of Osimo (+1282), and probably also from his own direct knowledge. The work, interrupted because of the powerful earthquake of 24 April 1741 which caused notable From the Vita Silvestri there emerges the luminous damage to the monastery and resulted in seven victims figure of the saint, authentic man of God, rich in virtue at Fabriano, was completed in 1742. and supernatural gifts, privileged with divine visions. The original parchment manuscript of the Vita Silvestri Under every lunette the painter wrote a caption in is jealously preserved in the archive of Montefano. Italian, still preserved. In the publication the captions The lunettes in both cloisters were restored in 2008. are not visible because the lunettes were cropped to Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini in images Monastery of Montefano highlight the image. In the east side of the cloister there Principal stages of the life of St Sylvester are four windows: three opening on the sacristy and one to the church. Thus the four lunettes painted there Sylvester was born in Osimo in the Marches, of the are resected by these fixtures. In the publication the noble family of the Guzzolini around 1177. His father windows were removed for an aesthetic reason, namely Gislerio sent him, “still an adolescent, to Bologna and to eliminate the reflection of light and colour that could Padua with the order to dedicate himself to the study have compromised the visibility of the subject of each of of law”, but after a short time Sylvester, “thirsty for the the four lunettes. knowledge of divinity”, abandoned such study to give himself to theology and sacred scripture (Vita Silvestri, The pictorial cycle of the lunettes of the main cloister ch.1). gives the vocational journey of St Sylvester from the time of leaving his native city of Osimo, around 1227, When Gislerio came to know that Sylvester, having until his death which took place in the monastery of returned to Osimo, had interrupted the study of law, Montefano on 26 November 1267. took this “with bad grace” and for ten years deprived his son of his conversation. Finally, overcoming his Minor Cloister father’s hostility, Sylvester was able to embrace the The minor cloister was built around the middle of the ecclesiastical state and by the merits of his life was 17th century. received among the canons of the cathedral church of In 1760 the abbot of the monastery, Angelo Tempestini, Osimo (Vita Silvestri, ch.1). had it rebricked and facing it had the four lunettes painted. The name of the artist is unknown, probably Neither the Vita Silvestri nor contemporary documents someone local and modest. refer to the priesthood of Sylvester, whereas later tradition, beginning from the 17th century, is unanimous The four lunettes illustrate the period of the life of the in associating the title “canon” with that of “priest”. saint at Osimo (birth, studies, clerical state, canon) until his conversion to the eremitical and monastic life. Towards 1227, owing to discord with his bishop, “whose behaviour was hardly exemplary”, and considering Of the captions in Latin written by the painter under the “the vanity and brevity of human life” (Vita Silvestri, lunettes, there is conserved only that making reference to ch.2), Sylvester fled from Osimo and retired to a solitary the priesthood of St Sylvester: CUM SACRIS LITTERIS life at Grottafucile, a cave among the crags of the Gola DEDISSET / OPERAM SACERDOS EVADIT (= after della Rossa near Serra San Quirico (below flows the applying himself to the study of divinity he became a priest). river Esino and there winds state road 76 from the Val It is the only lunette that depicts an episode not spoken d’Esino with the tunnel “San Silvestro”). of in the Vita Silvestri. Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini in images Monastery of Montefano On reaching the cave Sylvester exclaimed: “This will be In 1248 the religious family of Sylvester, made up of my resting place, here will I live, because so many times four monasteries (St Benedict of Montefano, St Mary the Lord revealed to me in vision that I must choose this of Grottafucile, St Mark of Ripalta near Arcevia and place” (Vita Silvestri, ch.3). St Bonfil near Cingoli), obtained canonical recognition from Pope Innocent IV with the name of Order of St Grottafucile, 17km from Fabriano, was the property of Benedict of Montefano, today the Sylvestrine Congregation. the nobleman Corrado, lord of the castle of Revellone. He recognized the hermit immediately, having met Subsequently, Sylvester founded a further eight him in the curia of the legate of the Marca d’Ancona, monasteries in isolated and solitary places. defending energetically the rights of the church of The new foundations were always accompanied by Osimo. miracles performed by the saint in favour of the people of the surrounding territory. Sylvester did not remain long unknown in the solitude of Grottafucile: amongst the numerous devotees and Sylvester died on 26 November 1267, leaving twelve faithful who visited him there were also some religious, monasteries and one hundred and twenty monks. His who tried to “draw him to their Order and to make him death was accompanied by numerous wonders. The accept their habit and Rule”. After mature reflection mortal remains of the saint are kept in the church of the Sylvester chose the Rule of St Benedict of Norcia monastery of Montefano. and putting off “the old clerical habit”, received the monastic cowl from a “venerable monk” named Peter (Vita Silvestri, ch.4). At Grottafucile Sylvester welcomed the first disciples and built a small hermitage that he dedicated to the Virgin Mary. � In 1231 Sylvester founded near Fabriano the monastery of St Benedict (from 1617 called St Sylvester) on a plot of wooded land received as a gift, around the spring Fonte Vembrici, which still exists. The monastery, 7km from Fabriano, at 800m above sea level, near to the top of Monte Fano, was chosed by Sylvester as the mother house of his Order. Life of St Sylvester Guzzolini in images Monastery of Montefano, lunette n. 1 the Birth of St SylveSter in oSiMo (anCona) Sylvester was born around 1177. In the fresco the mother is lying on the bed while the handmaidens prepare to wash the new-born, before a lighted fire. One of the two handmaidens touches the water to test the temperature. Surely we cannot pass over in silence the deeds of our holy vow of obedience, against the world with the vow of poverty, father Sylvester, whose life was marked by so many virtues, against the flesh with the vow of chastity; by an assiduous enriched with so much grace, illustrated by so many miracles.