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À Luz Do Biológico: Psiquiatria, Neurologia E Eugenia Nas Relações Brasil-Alemanha (1900-1942)

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À Luz Do Biológico: Psiquiatria, Neurologia E Eugenia Nas Relações Brasil-Alemanha (1900-1942) Casa de Oswaldo Cruz – FIOCRUZ Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde PEDRO FELIPE NEVES DE MUÑOZ À LUZ DO BIOLÓGICO: PSIQUIATRIA, NEUROLOGIA E EUGENIA NAS RELAÇÕES BRASIL-ALEMANHA (1900-1942) Rio de Janeiro 2015 PEDRO FELIPE NEVES DE MUÑOZ À LUZ DO BIOLÓGICO: PSIQUIATRIA, NEUROLOGIA E EUGENIA NAS RELAÇÕES BRASIL-ALEMANHA (1900-1942) Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História das Ciências. Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Cristiana Facchinetti Coorientador: Prof. Dr. Stefan Rinke Rio de Janeiro 2015 PEDRO FELIPE NEVES DE MUÑOZ À LUZ DO BIOLÓGICO: PSIQUIATRIA, NEUROLOGIA E EUGENIA NAS RELAÇÕES BRASIL-ALEMANHA (1900-1942) Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Curso de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Doutor. Área de Concentração: História das Ciências. BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Cristiana Facchinetti (COC/FIOCRUZ) - Orientadora ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Stefan Rinke (LAI/FU Berlim) – Co-orientador ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Francisco Carlos Teixeira da Silva (ECEME) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Yonissa Marmitt Wadi (UNIOESTE) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Flavio Coelho Edler (COC/FIOCRUZ) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof.ª Dr.ª Magali Romero de Sá (COC/FIOCRUZ) Suplentes: ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. André Felipe Cândido da Silva (COC/FIOCRUZ) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Roberto Franco Reis (EPSJV-FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro 2015 M967l Muñoz, Pedro Felipe Neves de. À luz do biológico: psiquiatria, neurologia e eugenia nas relações Brasil-Alemanha (1900-1942) / Pedro Felipe Neves de Muñoz. – Rio de Janeiro: s.n., 2015. 356 f. Tese (Doutorado em História das Ciências e da Saúde) – Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, 2015. 1. História. 2. Psiquiatria. 3. Eugenia. 4. Neurologia. 5. Brasil. 6. Alemanha. CDD 616.89 Aos meus pais, Lucia Neves e Mario Muñoz. AGRADECIMENTOS Esta tese foi resultado de anos de trabalho e estudo, mas também do apoio e do carinho de algumas pessoas e instituições. Primeiramente, gostaria de agradecer à minha orientadora profa. Cristiana Facchinetti e ao meu co-orientador prof. Stefan Rinke. Com Cristiana aprendi muito sobre como ser orientador, professor, historiador, psicólogo e psicanalista. Muito obrigado, Cristiana Facchinetti, por nossos dez anos de amizade! Com Rinke, conheci a História e a docência nas universidades da Alemanha! Vielen Dank! Quero dedicar um agradecimento especial aos membros da banca de avaliação da tese e professores que apoiaram minha ida para a Alemanha. À profa. Yonissa Wadi por aceitar o convite, bem como pelas críticas e sugestões. Aos profs. Flávio Edler e Francisco Carlos Teixeira da Silva, pelo contínuo apoio no desenvolvimento do meu trabalho no Brasil e na Alemanha. À profa. Magali Romero Sá, que lutou muito pelo meu estágio na Alemanha, serei eternamente grato! Sua dedicação foi fundamental para o meu sucesso com a língua alemã e como pesquisador. Aos profs. André Felipe Cândido da Silva e José Roberto Franco Reis, suplentes desta banca, pela amizade, dicas e sugestões. Ao prof. Jaime Benchimol pelas conversas e dicas na reta final. Ao prof. Antônio Edmílson M. Rodrigues, pela recomendação à bolsa da CAPES/DAAD e pelas conversas bem-humoradas no “nosso” Bar Restaurante Bela CAP. Não posso deixar de mencionar o falecido e querido prof. Manoel Salgado, uma pessoa que sempre me incentivou e que teve grande importância para a minha formação. Sinto falta de nossas conversas. Aos meus professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde (PPGHCS), demarco aqui a minha satisfação por tudo o que aprendi e pelo apoio que recebi, principalmente, daqueles que fui aluno: Gilberto Hochman, Simone Kropf, Luiz Otávio, Nara Azevedo, Dominichi Sá, Marcos Chor e, principalmente, Ana Venancio, Flávio Edler e Robert Wegner. Gostaria ainda de agradecer à coordenação do PPGHCS, bem como aos seus funcionários Maria Cláudia, Paulo e Sandro, além dos funcionários do DEPES, Nelson e Cléber, e da Biblioteca da COC. Aos professores na Alemanha, deixo também meus agradecimentos aos professores das disciplinas que cursei em Berlim: prof. Eric Engstrom (HU Berlim), Gerhard Rammer (TU Berlim) e Mark Walker (Union College, EUA) – professor visitante na TU Berlim, em 2014. Aos colegas e funcionários do LAI (Lateinamerika Institut/HU Berlim) fica a lembrança do tempo que estive entre eles. Deixo também meus agradecimentos a diversos colegas e amigos de profissão que de alguma maneira contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho, em especial, a Paula Habib, Tiago Jacques, Lara Tirello, William Vaz, André F. Silva, Igor Gak, João Franzolin e Luciana Fernandes por me ajudaram na coleta de documentos, ou mesmo, por me cederem preciosas fontes da minha pesquisa. À Douglas Pompeu e Maria Konrad, pela ajuda na tradução das citações. À Susie Paes Silva e Alex Meyer zum Felde por me acolherem em suas casas, quando fiz pesquisas em Munique e em Hamburgo. À Luciana Fernandes, pelo carinho e pela amizade, principalmente, nos primeiros dias em Berlim, quando me recebeu em sua casa e me apresentou a cidade. Aos meus pais, Lucia Neves e Mario Muñoz, deixo meus maiores agradecimentos pela educação, carinho, incentivo e apoio. À minha linda e maravilhosa irmã, Flávia, deixo um beijo enorme! Agradeço também à minha família no Brasil, tios, tias e primos, especialmente, às minhas tias Silvia e Vivi Neves, que sempre me ajudaram muito. À minha família em Santiago do Chile, em especial, a “mis abuelitos” Miriam Vásquez Mitchell e Porfírio Muñoz. Este infelizmente me deixou no início desta caminhada. À Maria Konrad, agradeço o seu amor, companheirismo e apoio desde os primeiros dias em Berlim. Aos seus pais (Monika e Helmut), irmãos (Teresa, Stephan e Johannes) e demais familiares, deixo um caloroso abraço por todo carinho durante meus dias na Baviera. Aos meus amigos e companheiros de profissão da UERJ: Bia, Ciro, Thiago, Ivan, Cris, Nayara, Vicente, Juliana, Leandro, Márcio e Leozito pelo convívio, apoio e compreensão. Aos meus amigos da FIOCRUZ: Tiago, Allister, Leo Bahiense, Letícia, Vanderlei, André Felipe e Miriam. Ao meu amigo Daniel Ferreira, professor de História Moderna da UNIRIO, eu deixo aqui meu agradecimento pelo apoio, conversas e sugestões. Ao professor Massimo Schiaretta, com quem trabalhei na UNIRIO, na disciplina de História Contemporânea I e II, do curso de Licenciatura EAD (CEAD/UNIRIO – CEDERJ/CECIERJ), agradeço pelas leituras bibliográficas que fizemos ao longo dos cursos que ministramos. Aos meus amigos desde os tempos de Colégio Pedro II, agradeço todo o carinho e amizade: Celso, Lucas, Igor, Pedro, Érico, Thales, Bifano, Vinícius, Dudu, Rômulo e Allan. Aos meus amigos de Berlim, João, Amaury, Izabela, Igor, Juan, Borys, Douglas, Vera, Erik, Felicitas, Ákos, Lukas, Antonia e, especialmente, Luciana e Iacopo. À Luana Coutinho e sua família, agradeço pelo apoio, durante o tempo do doutoramento em que estive entre eles. Aos meus amigos da Psicologia no IP/UFRJ e, especialmente, Diego Silva, que conheci no estágio de Psicologia no TRF2 e se tornou um grande amigo. Aos meus ex- chefes no TRF2, Tatiana, Bruno e Jorge. Às instituições mantenedoras dos acervos consultados, serei eternamente grato, em especial, à Biblioteca do IPUB, sua diretora, Cátia Mathias, e sua atenciosa equipe. Por fim, agradeço à Fiocruz pelos anos de investimento na minha formação. À CAPES e ao DAAD sou muito grato pelo financiamento da pesquisa. A história se encontra, hoje, diante de responsabilidades temíveis, mas também exaltantes. Sem dúvida porque jamais cessou, em seu dever e em suas mudanças, de depender de condições sociais concretas. ‘A história é filha de seu tempo’. Sua inquietude é, pois a própria inquietude que pesa sobre nossos corações e nossos espíritos. E se seus métodos, seus programas, suas respostas mais precisas e mais seguras ontem, se seus conceitos estalam todos de uma só vez, é sob o peso de nossas reflexões, de nosso trabalho e, mais ainda, de nossas experiências vididas. Ora, essas experiências, durante estes últimos quarenta anos foram particularmente cruéis para todos os homens; elas nos lançaram, violentamente, no mais profundo de nós mesmos, e, além, no destino conjunto dos homens, isto é, nos problemas cruciais da história. Ocasião de nos apeidar, de sofrer, de pensar, de recolocar forçosamente tudo em questão. Aliás, por que a frágil arte de escrever a história escaparia à crise geral de nossa época? Abandonamos um mundo sem sempre termos tido tempo de conhecer ou mesmo de apreciar seus benefícios, seus erros, suas certezas e seus sonhos — diremos o mundo do primeiro século XX? Nós o deixamos, ou antes, ele se substrai inexoravelmente, diante de nós. BRAUDEL, F. Posições da História em 1950. In: Escritos sobre a História. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO 17 PARTE I. A NEUROPSIQUIATRIA ATÉ A GRANDE GUERRA 35 Introdução. A Modernidade e a Internacionalização da Medicina 36 CAPÍTULO 1. A PSIQUIATRIA ALEMÃ
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