Botnets and Cybercrime
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The Botnet Chronicles a Journey to Infamy
The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy Trend Micro, Incorporated Rik Ferguson Senior Security Advisor A Trend Micro White Paper I November 2010 The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy CONTENTS A Prelude to Evolution ....................................................................................................................4 The Botnet Saga Begins .................................................................................................................5 The Birth of Organized Crime .........................................................................................................7 The Security War Rages On ........................................................................................................... 8 Lost in the White Noise................................................................................................................. 10 Where Do We Go from Here? .......................................................................................................... 11 References ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2 WHITE PAPER I THE BOTNET CHRONICLES: A JOURNEY TO INFAMY The Botnet Chronicles A Journey to Infamy The botnet time line below shows a rundown of the botnets discussed in this white paper. Clicking each botnet’s name in blue will bring you to the page where it is described in more detail. To go back to the time line below from each page, click the ~ at the end of the section. 3 WHITE -
Compu Talk Vol
Sri Sathya Sai College for Women, Bhopal 2017 A newsletter from the Dept. of Computer Sci. & Appl. Compu Talk Vol. III Cyber Security job oppurtunities Botnet Department of Computer Computer Network Science and Application Firewall Departmental News Now Trending: including smartphones, televisions and tiny devices and integration of these as part of the Job Opportunities under the Cyber Internet of Things. Boom in cyber threats has Security Umbrella been an integral part of boom in information technology . Cyber security also known in simpler terms as computer security or IT security involves the Typical cyber security job titles and protection of computer systems from theft, descriptions may include the following: damage or destruction of 1. Security Analyst their hardware, software, data and information, as well from disruption, misuse or A Security Analyst analyzes and assesses misdirection of the services provided through vulnerabilities in the infrastructure which them to cause damage to the fellow humans or includes software, hardware and the society. associated networks. He/she performs The role of cyber security involves investigation using available tools, suggests controlling or limiting physical access to the counter-measures to remedy the detected hardware, as well as protecting them against any vulnerabilities, and recommends solutions harm or attack that may come via network and best practices. He/she analyzes and access intrusion, data insertion and code assesses the damage done to the injection and remote control. IT security is data/infrastructure as a result of security susceptible to being tricked into deviating from incidents, examines available recovery tools secure procedures through various methods. and processes, and recommends solutions. -
Detecting Botnets Using File System Indicators
Detecting botnets using file system indicators Master's thesis University of Twente Author: Committee members: Peter Wagenaar Prof. Dr. Pieter H. Hartel Dr. Damiano Bolzoni Frank Bernaards LLM (NHTCU) December 12, 2012 Abstract Botnets, large groups of networked zombie computers under centralised control, are recognised as one of the major threats on the internet. There is a lot of research towards ways of detecting botnets, in particular towards detecting Command and Control servers. Most of the research is focused on trying to detect the commands that these servers send to the bots over the network. For this research, we have looked at botnets from a botmaster's perspective. First, we characterise several botnet enhancing techniques using three aspects: resilience, stealth and churn. We see that these enhancements are usually employed in the network communications between the C&C and the bots. This leads us to our second contribution: we propose a new botnet detection method based on the way C&C's are present on the file system. We define a set of file system based indicators and use them to search for C&C's in images of hard disks. We investigate how the aspects resilience, stealth and churn apply to each of the indicators and discuss countermeasures botmasters could take to evade detection. We validate our method by applying it to a test dataset of 94 disk images, 16 of which contain C&C installations, and show that low false positive and false negative ratio's can be achieved. Approaching the botnet detection problem from this angle is novel, which provides a basis for further research. -
Symantec Intelligence Report: June 2011
Symantec Intelligence Symantec Intelligence Report: June 2011 Three-quarters of spam send from botnets in June, and three months on, Rustock botnet remains dormant as Cutwail becomes most active; Pharmaceutical spam in decline as new Wiki- pharmacy brand emerges Welcome to the June edition of the Symantec Intelligence report, which for the first time combines the best research and analysis from the Symantec.cloud MessageLabs Intelligence Report and the Symantec State of Spam & Phishing Report. The new integrated report, the Symantec Intelligence Report, provides the latest analysis of cyber security threats, trends and insights from the Symantec Intelligence team concerning malware, spam, and other potentially harmful business risks. The data used to compile the analysis for this combined report includes data from May and June 2011. Report highlights Spam – 72.9% in June (a decrease of 2.9 percentage points since May 2011): page 11 Phishing – One in 330.6 emails identified as phishing (a decrease of 0.05 percentage points since May 2011): page 14 Malware – One in 300.7 emails in June contained malware (a decrease of 0.12 percentage points since May 2011): page 15 Malicious Web sites – 5,415 Web sites blocked per day (an increase of 70.8% since May 2011): page 17 35.1% of all malicious domains blocked were new in June (a decrease of 1.7 percentage points since May 2011): page 17 20.3% of all Web-based malware blocked was new in June (a decrease of 4.3 percentage points since May 2011): page 17 Review of Spam-sending botnets in June 2011: page 3 Clicking to Watch Videos Leads to Pharmacy Spam: page 6 Wiki for Everything, Even for Spam: page 7 Phishers Return for Tax Returns: page 8 Fake Donations Continue to Haunt Japan: page 9 Spam Subject Line Analysis: page 12 Best Practices for Enterprises and Users: page 19 Introduction from the editor Since the shutdown of the Rustock botnet in March1, spam volumes have never quite recovered as the volume of spam in global circulation each day continues to fluctuate, as shown in figure 1, below. -
Downloading and Running
City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Meng, X. (2018). An integrated networkbased mobile botnet detection system. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City, Universtiy of London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/19840/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] AN INTEGRATED NETWORK- BASED MOBILE BOTNET DETECTION SYSTEM Xin Meng Department of Computer Science City, University of London This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy City University London June 2017 Declaration I hereby declare that except where specific reference is made to the work of others, the contents of this dissertation are original and have not been submitted in whole or in part for consideration for any other degree or qualification in this, or any other University. This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration, except where specifically indicated in the text. -
Coordinating Across Chaos: the Practice of Transnational Internet Security Collaboration
COORDINATING ACROSS CHAOS: THE PRACTICE OF TRANSNATIONAL INTERNET SECURITY COLLABORATION A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Tarun Chaudhary In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree International Affairs, Science, and Technology in the Sam Nunn School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology May 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 BY TARUN CHAUDHARY COORDINATING ACROSS CHAOS: THE PRACTICE OF TRANSNATIONAL INTERNET SECURITY COLLABORATION Approved by: Dr. Adam N. Stulberg Dr. Peter K. Brecke School of International Affairs School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Michael D. Salomone Dr. Milton L. Mueller School of International Affairs School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Jennifer Jordan School of International Affairs Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: March 11, 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I was once told that writing a dissertation is lonely experience. This is only partially true. The experience of researching and writing this work has been supported and encouraged by a small army of individuals I am forever grateful toward. My wife Jamie, who has been a truly patient soul and encouraging beyond measure while also being my intellectual sounding board always helping guide me to deeper insight. I have benefited from an abundance of truly wonderful teachers over the course of my academic life. Dr. Michael Salomone who steered me toward the world of international security studies since I was an undergraduate, I am thankful for his wisdom and the tremendous amount of support he has given me over the past two decades. The rest of my committee has been equally as encouraging and provided me with countless insights as this work has been gestating and evolving. -
Cyberpro December 4, 2008
Volume 1, Edition 15 CyberPro December 4, 2008 Keeping Cyberspace Professionals Informed Officers The articles and information appearing herein are intended for President educational purposes to promote discussion in the public interest and to Larry K. McKee, Jr. keep subscribers who are involved in the development of Cyber-related concepts and initiatives informed on items of common interest. The Senior Analyst newsletter and the information contained therein are not intended to Jim Ed Crouch provide a competitive advantage for any commercial firm. Any ------------------------------ misuse or unauthorized use of the newsletter and its contents will result CyberPro Research in removal from the distribution list and/or possible administrative, civil, Analyst and/or criminal action. Kathryn Stephens The views, opinions, and/or findings and recommendations contained in this summary are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official position, policy, or decision of the United States Government, CyberPro Archive U.S. Department of Defense, or National Security Cyberspace Institute. To subscribe or unsubscribe to this newsletter click here CyberPro News Subscription. Please contact Larry McKee , ph. (757) 871-3578, regarding CyberPro subscription, sponsorship, and/or advertisement. All rights reserved. CyberPro may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without prior NSCI consent. 110 Royal Aberdeen Smithfield, VA 23430 ph. (757) 871 - 3578 CyberPro National Security Cyberspace Institute P a g e | 1 Volume -
Detection of Distributed Denial-Of-Service Attacks in Encrypted Network Traffic
Mikko Hyvärinen Detection of Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks in Encrypted Network Traffic Master’s Thesis in Information Technology December 9, 2016 University of Jyväskylä Department of Mathematical Information Technology Author: Mikko Hyvärinen Contact information: [email protected] Supervisor: Timo Hämäläinen & Mikhail Zolotukhin Title: Detection of Distributed Denial-of-Service Attacks in Encrypted Network Traffic Työn nimi: Hajautettujen palvelunestohyökkäysten havainnointi salatussa verkkoliiken- teessä Project: Master’s Thesis Study line: Software Development Page count: 122+9 Abstract: Context: Distributed denial-of-service attacks have existed for two decades. Var- ious strategies have been developed to combat the increasing volume of attacks over the years. Application layer attacks are becoming more common, and they are harder to detect. Current detection methods analyze traffic features. The packet payload is encrypted in an SSL/TLS traffic, and it cannot be analyzed. Objective: The thesis studies the current situa- tion of detection of DDoS attacks in an SSL/TLS encrypted traffic. Also, the thesis presents a K-means++ clustering-based detection method and comparable simulation results with the previous literature. Methods: The author conducted a light systematic mapping study by searching common computer science literature libraries. The author ran experiments with the clustering-based method in a virtual network. Results: The mapping study found that the detection methods concentrate on clustering and statistical anomaly detection methods. In the experiments, denial-of-service attack simulations revealed that the K-means++ clus- tering detects trivial DDoS attacks with near 100% accuracy. Datasets were found to be an important part when comparing results. Conclusion: The mapping study revealed encrypted denial-of-service research study areas where more research is needed when compared to the non-encrypted counterpart. -
S Ym a Nte C Enterpris E S E CU Rit Y Symantec Global Internet Security
ublished April 2009 P V, V, I rends for 2008 Volume X Volume Symantec Symantec Global Internet Security Threat Report T SYMANTEC ENTERPRISE SECURITY Marc Fossi Executive Editor Manager, Development Security Technology and Response Eric Johnson Editor Security Technology and Response Trevor Mack Associate Editor Security Technology and Response Dean Turner Director, Global Intelligence Network Security Technology and Response Joseph Blackbird Threat Analyst Symantec Security Response Mo King Low Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Teo Adams Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response David McKinney Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Stephen Entwisle Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Marika Pauls Laucht Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Candid Wueest Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Paul Wood Senior Analyst MessageLabs Intelligence, Symantec Dan Bleaken Threat Analyst MessageLabs Intelligence, Symantec Greg Ahmad Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Darren Kemp Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Ashif Samnani Threat Analyst Security Technology and Response Volume XIV, Published April 2009 Symantec Global Internet Security Threat Report Contents Introduction ...............................................................................4 Executive Summary . 5 Highlights ............................................................................... 13 Threat Activity Trends . 17 Vulnerability Trends ..................................................................... -
Microsoft | Security Intelligence Report
Battling Botnets for Control of Computers Microsoft | Security Intelligence Report Volume 9 January through June 2010 Microsoft | Security Intelligence Report Microsoft Security Intelligence Report This document is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMA- TION IN THIS DOCUMENT. This document is provided “as-is.” Information and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet Web site references, may change without notice. You bear the risk of using it. Copyright © 2010 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. The names of actual companies and products mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. 2 January through June 2010 Authors David Anselmi Jimmy Kuo Navaneethan Santhanam Digital Crimes Unit Microsoft Malware Protection Center Bing Richard Boscovich Scott Molenkamp Christian Seifert Digital Crimes Unit Microsoft Malware Protection Center Bing T.J. Campana Michelle Meyer Frank Simorjay Digital Crimes Unit Microsoft Trustworthy Computing Microsoft Trustworthy Computing Neil Carpenter Bala Neerumalla Holly Stewart CSS Security Microsoft Secure SQL Initiative Team Microsoft Malware Protection Center Greg Cottingham Daryl Pecelj Adrian Stone CSS Security Microsoft IT Information Security and Risk Management Microsoft Security Response Center Joe Faulhaber Anthony Penta Matt Thomlinson Microsoft Malware Protection Center Microsoft Windows Safety Platform Microsoft Security Response Center Vinny Gullotto Paul Pottorff Jossie -
Internet Security Threat Report
INTERNET SECURITY THREAT REPORT 2011 Trends Volume 17 Published April 2012 INTERNET SECURITY THREAT REPORT Paul Wood Mathew Nisbet Executive Editor Malware Data Analyst Manager, Cyber Security Intelligence Security Technology and Response Security Technology and Response Nicholas Johnston Gerry Egan Sr. Software Engineer Sr. Director, Product Management Security Technology and Response Security Technology and Response Bhaskar Krishnappa Kevin Haley Sr. Software Engineer Director, Product Management Security Technology and Response Security Technology and Response Irfan Asrar Tuan-Khanh Tran Security Response Manager Group Product Manager Security Technology and Response Security Technology and Response Sean Hittel Orla Cox Principal Software Engineer Sr. Manager, Security Operations Security Technology and Response Security Technology and Response Eric Chien Hon Lau Technical Director Manager, Development Security Technology and Response Security Technology and Response Eric Park Candid Wueest Sr. Business Intelligence Analyst Principal Software Engineer Anti-Spam Engineering Security Technology and Response Mathew Maniyara David McKinney Security Response Analyst Principal Threat Analyst Anti-Fraud Response Security Technology and Response Olivier Thonnard Tony Millington Sr. Research Engineer Associate Software Engineer Symantec Research Laboratories Security Technology and Response Pierre-Antoine Vervier Benjamin Nahorney Network Systems Engineer Senior Information Developer Symantec Research Laboratories Security Technology and Response -
Exhibit N.DOC
Page 1 1 of 1 DOCUMENT Copyright 2010 The Washington Post All Rights Reserved The Washington Post April 21, 2010 Wednesday Suburban Edition SECTION: A-SECTION; Pg. A15 DISTRIBUTION: Maryland LENGTH: 692 words HEADLINE: Google hackers duped company personnel to penetrate networks; Cyberattacks growing more sophisticated, experts say BYLINE: Ellen Nakashima BODY: The hackers who penetrated the computer networks of Google and more than 30 other large companies used an in- creasingly common means of attack: duping system administrators and other executives who have access to passwords, intellectual property and other information, according to cybersecurity experts familiar with the cases. "Once you gain access to the directory of user names and passwords, in minutes you can take over a network," said George Kurtz, worldwide chief technology officer for McAfee, a Silicon Valley computer security firm that has been working with more than half a dozen of the targeted companies. Kurtz and others said hackers are mounting ever more sophisticated and effective attacks that often begin with a ruse familiar to many computer users -- a seemingly innocuous link or attachment that admits malicious software. The attacks were publicized in January when Google, one of the world's most advanced tech firms, announced that intruders had penetrated its network and compromised valuable intellectual property. Google asserted that the attacks originated in China; Chinese officials say they are investigating. The New York Times reported on its Web site Monday that the Google theft included source code for a password system that controls access to almost all of the company's Web services. But the cyber-espionage campaign went far beyond Google, targeting companies with apparently strong intrusion- detection systems, including Adobe, Northrop Grumman and Yahoo, industry sources said.