Studies in Big Data 47 N. Jeyanthi Ajith Abraham Hamid Mcheick Editors Ubiquitous Computing and Computing Security of IoT Studies in Big Data Volume 47 Series editor Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland e-mail: [email protected] The series “Studies in Big Data” (SBD) publishes new developments and advances in the various areas of Big Data- quickly and with a high quality. The intent is to cover the theory, research, development, and applications of Big Data, as embedded in the fields of engineering, computer science, physics, economics and life sciences. The books of the series refer to the analysis and understanding of large, complex, and/or distributed data sets generated from recent digital sources coming from sensors or other physical instruments as well as simulations, crowd sourcing, social networks or other internet transactions, such as emails or video click streams and others. The series contains monographs, lecture notes and edited volumes in Big Data spanning the areas of computational intelligence including neural networks, evolutionary computation, soft computing, fuzzy systems, as well as artificial intelligence, data mining, modern statistics and operations research, as well as self-organizing systems. Of particular value to both the contributors and the readership are the short publication timeframe and the world-wide distribution, which enable both wide and rapid dissemination of research output. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11970 N. Jeyanthi • Ajith Abraham Hamid Mcheick Editors Ubiquitous Computing and Computing Security of IoT 123 Editors N. Jeyanthi Hamid Mcheick School of Information Technology Université du Québec à Chicoutimi and Engineering Chicoutimi, QC, Canada VIT University Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Ajith Abraham Scientific Network for Innovation and Research Excellence Machine Intelligence Research Labs (Mir Labs) Auburn, WA, USA ISSN 2197-6503 ISSN 2197-6511 (electronic) Studies in Big Data ISBN 978-3-030-01565-7 ISBN 978-3-030-01566-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01566-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018957051 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. 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Jeyanthi Security in Ubiquitous Computing Environment: Vulnerabilities, Attacks and Defenses ....................................... 101 C. Shoba Bindu and C. Sasikala v Security Protocols for IoT J. Cynthia, H. Parveen Sultana, M. N. Saroja and J. Senthil Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT), is a network of devices that are uniquely identified and has embedded software required to communicate the transient states and data that are usually used to trigger an actuator. The edge networking devices and protocols are used to communicate with a cloud server that processes and aggregates the big data arriving from various devices, performs analytics and aids in business decisions. IoT has become an integral part of today’s industrial, agriculture, health- care and smart city revolution. Securing all entities involved in an IoT network is vital as it involves pervasive data collection and dissemination. Current IoT protocols work with IP protocols as backbone, but they are specially designed to operate in multiple layers and provide security at various layers. This chapter focuses on IoT protocols that deals with securing an IoT network. The major challenges in securing an IoT network is lack of standardization at manufacturing level which exposes the hardware, software and the data to various threats and attacks. The IoT protocols have to deal with security breaches at the site of the cloud service provider and the security issues pertaining to data privacy, authentication, authorization and trust management in a distributed heterogeneous environment. This chapter also elaborates on various security attacks and the solutions offered by IoT protocols. Keywords IoT security · IoT architecture · IoT protocols · IoT threats IoT attacks · Heterogeous 1 IoT Introduction and Security Overview There are over billions of IoT devices, business process and systems with an IoT element in it. This dormant data available in the eco system must be trapped and J. Cynthia · M. N. Saroja · J. Senthil Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India H. Parveen Sultana (B) VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 1 N. Jeyanthi et al. (eds.), Ubiquitous Computing and Computing Security of IoT, Studies in Big Data 47, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01566-4_1 2 J. Cynthia et al. analyzed to see if any functional information that is of benefit to a customer or business could be retrieved. Essential elements of IoT are people, things, data and process. IoT systems aims at networking these elements that communicates with each other through wired or wireless medium. IoT devices are grouped as sensors that collect data, Actuators that effect actions and gateways that act as interface for communication and automation. In an IoT framework, data is gathered from sensors, processed by microcontrollers such as Raspberry Pi or Arduino, stored in a cloud database and data analytics from big data gathered is performed using any tool or languages such as python or java. IoT is designed to strengthen communication across Device to Device (D2D), Human to Device (H2D), Human to Human (H2H) and Device to Human (D2H). IoT has led to numerous autonomous applications in the area of health care, business solutions, smart city, home automation, industry automation and intelligent transport system. The success of IoT lies in distributed data gathering, aggregation, processing and analytics that can be performed from any location and is usually done as a cloud service. IoT system evolves with flow of data from the sensor from where it is acquired to the service that processes and performs analytics on the data acquired to the customer or business that makes use of the analytics information. With prevalent presence of IoT, security risks are in rise. Making data available anywhere makes it vulnerable to security threats and attacks. This chapter deals with major issues, challenges and solutions for providing IoT security. A single com- promised entity in an IoT network makes other entities vulnerable. Since IoT is a collection of devices or sensors networked together to a cloud in order to pro- vide information service, all security threats that are applicable for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), internet and cloud are pertinent to IoT networks. IoT opens up tremendous opportunity for business with the associated risk. Absence of strong authentication of IoT devices, encryption of IoT data, key management, etc., makes an IoT network vulnerable to external attacks and threats. 2 IoT Security Requirements Security must be addressed throughout the lifecycle of an IoT device. Shipley [1] and Jing et al. [2] lists security requirements to be checked at various stages of the life cycle in order to alleviate an IoT attack. IoT security requirements are listed below, • Cryptographic Algorithms—Symmetric algorithms are light weight compared to asymmetric algorithms and hence were recommended for securing data transmis- sion. However, they have problems in key exchange, confidentiality, digital signa- ture and message authentication. Hence public key algorithms were recommended as they were able to provide key management, node authentication, scalability and security. • Key Management Techniques—Key management is an important security feature in IoT. Light weight secure key distribution is required for secure communication. Security Protocols for IoT 3 Key distribution schemes used in WSN are broadcast,