SPACE EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM (A3) Space Exploration Overview (1)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

62nd International Astronautical Congress 2011 Paper ID: 11614 oral SPACE EXPLORATION SYMPOSIUM (A3) Space Exploration Overview (1) Author: Ms. Nicole Jordan X PRIZE Foundation, United States, (email is not specified) Mrs. Chanda Gonzales X PRIZE Foundation, United States, [email protected] GOOGLE LUNAR X PRIZE: A COMMERCIAL LUNAR VENTURE Abstract In the past two centuries, with the majority of the surface of our planet already explored, civilizations around the globe have striven to expand the sphere of human economic influence upward. This trend began with the first skyscrapers of the 1880 and has continued through the birth of commercial aviation and commercial satellites, each of which drives hundreds of millions of US Dollars in annual economy, as well as infrastructure vital to the modern way of life. Although some contend that with geostationary satellites in orbit 36,000 km above sea level our economic sphere has reached its maximum state, there exist compelling reasons to believe this is not the case, and in the near future|rather than science fiction inspired dream|we will see commercial activities expanding out into cis-lunar space and beyond. The Google Lunar X PRIZE is a great example of the emerging area of commercial space exploration. It was announced in September of 2007, offers a total of US$30 Million in prizes to the first privately funded teams to successfully explore the surface of the Moon with a robotic spacecraft. This completion has now 29 teams, headquarter in 17 nations to put forth an effort at a commercial lunar venture. This paper will examine the current status, challenges and history of the biggest international commercial venture. The Google Lunar X PRIZE 1.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Go for Lunar Landing Conference Report
CONFERENCE REPORT Sponsored by: REPORT OF THE GO FOR LUNAR LANDING: FROM TERMINAL DESCENT TO TOUCHDOWN CONFERENCE March 4-5, 2008 Fiesta Inn, Tempe, AZ Sponsors: Arizona State University Lunar and Planetary Institute University of Arizona Report Editors: William Gregory Wayne Ottinger Mark Robinson Harrison Schmitt Samuel J. Lawrence, Executive Editor Organizing Committee: William Gregory, Co-Chair, Honeywell International Wayne Ottinger, Co-Chair, NASA and Bell Aerosystems, retired Roberto Fufaro, University of Arizona Kip Hodges, Arizona State University Samuel J. Lawrence, Arizona State University Wendell Mendell, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame Charles Oman, Massachusetts Institute of Technology James Rice, Arizona State University Mark Robinson, Arizona State University Cindy Ryan, Arizona State University Harrison H. Schmitt, NASA, retired Rick Shangraw, Arizona State University Camelia Skiba, Arizona State University Nicolé A. Staab, Arizona State University i Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................2 Notes...............................................................................................................................3 THE APOLLO EXPERIENCE............................................................................................4 Panelists...........................................................................................................................4
[Show full text]
Larry Page Developing the Largest Corporate Foundation in Every Successful Company Must Face: As Google Word.” the United States
LOWE —continued from front flap— Praise for $19.95 USA/$23.95 CAN In addition to examining Google’s breakthrough business strategies and new business models— In many ways, Google is the prototype of a which have transformed online advertising G and changed the way we look at corporate successful twenty-ﬁ rst-century company. It uses responsibility and employee relations——Lowe Google technology in new ways to make information universally accessible; promotes a corporate explains why Google may be a harbinger of o 5]]UZS SPEAKS culture that encourages creativity among its where corporate America is headed. She also A>3/9A addresses controversies surrounding Google, such o employees; and takes its role as a corporate citizen as copyright infringement, antitrust concerns, and “It’s not hard to see that Google is a phenomenal company....At Secrets of the World’s Greatest Billionaire Entrepreneurs, very seriously, investing in green initiatives and personal privacy and poses the question almost Geico, we pay these guys a whole lot of money for this and that key g Sergey Brin and Larry Page developing the largest corporate foundation in every successful company must face: as Google word.” the United States. grows, can it hold on to its entrepreneurial spirit as —Warren Buffett l well as its informal motto, “Don’t do evil”? e Following in the footsteps of Warren Buffett “Google rocks. It raised my perceived IQ by about 20 points.” Speaks and Jack Welch Speaks——which contain a SPEAKS What started out as a university research project —Wes Boyd conversational style that successfully captures the conducted by Sergey Brin and Larry Page has President of Moveon.Org essence of these business leaders—Google Speaks ended up revolutionizing the world we live in.
[Show full text]
New Product Development Methods: a Study of Open Design
New Product Development Methods: a study of open design by Ariadne G. Smith S.B. Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DEVISION AND THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREES OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY AND MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING A; SW AT THE <iA.Hu§TTmrrE4 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY H 2 INSTI' SEPTEMBER 2012 @ 2012 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved. Signature of Author: Department of Engineering Systems Division Department of Mechanical Engineering Certified by: LI David R. Wallace Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Systems Thesis Supervisor Certified by: Joel P. Clark P sor of Materials Systems and Engineering Systems Acting Director, Te iology and Policy Program Certified by: David E. Hardt Ralph E. and Eloise F. Cross Professor of Mechanical Engineering Chairman, Committee on Graduate Students New Product Development Methods: a study of open design by Ariadne G. Smith Submitted to the Departments of Engineering Systems Division and Mechanical Engineering on August 10, 2012 in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Technology and Policy and Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering ABSTRACT This thesis explores the application of open design to the process of developing physical products. Open design is a type of decentralized innovation that is derived from applying principles of open source software and crowdsourcing to product development. Crowdsourcing has gained popularity in the last decade, ranging from translation services, to marketing concepts, and new product funding.
[Show full text]
Back to the Moon – for Good: Teacher's Guide
Back to the Moon – For Good: Teacher’s Guide Target Audience: Ages 9+ (grades 3 – adult) Length: 24 minutes + Live Portion (50 minutes total) Trailer: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOLRWMOf4jQ Expanded Description: Narrated by Tim Allen, this show chronicles teams from around the world competing to land a robotic spacecraft on the moon for the first time in more than 40 years. With stunning visuals and a compelling narrative, the show highlights the importance of the Google Lunar X-Prize. This encourages today’s space entrepreneurs and innovators to build a new space economy, while inspiring the next generation to “shoot for the moon”. General Concepts: The first human-made object to reach the surface of the Moon was the Soviet Union’s Luna 2, on September 13th, 1959. Space probes and rovers explore unknown places before humans do, informing us of potential dangers. Spacecraft are designed to be small and lightweight to better escape Earth’s gravity. The United States’ Apollo 11 was the first manned mission to land on the Moon, on July 20th, 1969. A total of 12 men have landed on the Moon – the first was Neil Armstrong with Buzz Aldrin. The Apollo 17 mission on December 14th, 1972 with Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt was the last. All Apollo lunar missions required a 3rd crew member to remain on board a Command Module that orbited the Moon. Because the Moon is less massive, astronauts experience 1/6 the gravity we feel on Earth. It takes the Moon roughly one month to orbit the Earth and one month to rotate about its axis.
[Show full text]
Essays on Innovation and Contest Theory
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2017 Essays on innovation and contest theory Letina, Igor Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-136322 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Letina, Igor. Essays on innovation and contest theory. 2017, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics. Essays on Innovation and Contest Theory Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics of the University of Zurich to obtain the degree of Doktor der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Dr. oec. (corresponds to Doctor of Philosophy, PhD) presented by Igor Letina from Bosnia and Herzegovina approved in February 2017 at the request of Prof. Dr. Armin Schmutzler Prof. Dr. Nick Netzer Prof. Dr. Georg Nöldeke The Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics of the University of Zurich hereby autho- rizes the printing of this dissertation, without indicating an opinion of the views expressed in the work. Zurich, 15.02.2017 Chairman of the Doctoral Board: Prof. Dr. Steven Ongena iv Acknowledgements When it comes to achievements, research suggests that individuals tend to underestimate the role of luck and to overestimate the contribution of their own eﬀort and abilities. Even with that bias, I am amazed by the amount of good fortune that I have had while writing this thesis. I was fortunate to have advisors who were generous with their time and advice and gentle but precise with their criticism. Without the kind guidance of Nick Netzer, Georg Nöldeke and in particular Armin Schmutzler, the quality of this dissertation, and the person submitting it, would be signiﬁcantly lower.
[Show full text]
Google Lunar XPRIZE Market Study 2013 a Report to the Foundation
Google Lunar XPRIZE Market Study 2013 A Report to the Foundation MEDIA SUMMARY Prepared by October 2013 About London Economics London Economics (LE) is a leading independent economic consultancy, headquartered in London, United Kingdom, with a dedicated team of professional economists specialised in the application of best practice economic and financial analysis to the space sector. As a firm, our reputation for independent analysis and client‐driven, world‐class and academically robust economic research has been built up over 25 years with more than 400 projects completed in the last 7 years. We advise clients in both the public and private sectors on economic and financial analysis, policy development and evaluation, business strategy, and regulatory and competition policy. Our consultants are highly‐qualified economists with experience in applying a wide variety of analytical techniques to assist our work, including cost‐benefit analysis, multi‐criteria analysis, policy simulation, scenario building, statistical analysis and mathematical modelling. We are also experienced in using a wide range of data collection techniques including literature reviews, survey questionnaires, interviews and focus groups. Drawing on our solid understanding of the economics of space, expertise in economic analysis and best practice industry knowledge, our Aerospace team has extensive experience of providing independent analysis and innovative solutions to advise clients (both public and private) on the economic fundamentals, commercial potential of existing,
[Show full text]
Culture and Customs of Kenya
Culture and Customs of Kenya NEAL SOBANIA GREENWOOD PRESS Culture and Customs of Kenya Cities and towns of Kenya. Culture and Customs of Kenya 4 NEAL SOBANIA Culture and Customs of Africa Toyin Falola, Series Editor GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sobania, N. W. Culture and customs of Kenya / Neal Sobania. p. cm.––(Culture and customs of Africa, ISSN 1530–8367) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–31486–1 (alk. paper) 1. Ethnology––Kenya. 2. Kenya––Social life and customs. I. Title. II. Series. GN659.K4 .S63 2003 305.8´0096762––dc21 2002035219 British Library Cataloging in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2003 by Neal Sobania All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2002035219 ISBN: 0–313–31486–1 ISSN: 1530–8367 First published in 2003 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 For Liz Contents Series Foreword ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xv Chronology xvii 1 Introduction 1 2 Religion and Worldview 33 3 Literature, Film, and Media 61 4 Art, Architecture, and Housing 85 5 Cuisine and Traditional Dress 113 6 Gender Roles, Marriage, and Family 135 7 Social Customs and Lifestyle 159 8 Music and Dance 187 Glossary 211 Bibliographic Essay 217 Index 227 Series Foreword AFRICA is a vast continent, the second largest, after Asia.
[Show full text]
ILWS Report 137 Moon
Returning to the Moon Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Dirk HR Spennemann Guy Murphy Returning to the Moon Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Dirk HR Spennemann Guy Murphy Albury February 2020 © 2011, revised 2020. All rights reserved by the authors. The contents of this publication are copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne Convention. No parts of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, in existence or to be invented, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the authors, except where permitted by law. Preferred citation of this Report Spennemann, Dirk HR & Murphy, Guy (2020). Returning to the Moon. Heritage issues raised by the Google Lunar X Prize. Institute for Land, Water and Society Report nº 137. Albury, NSW: Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University. iv, 35 pp ISBN 978-1-86-467370-8 Disclaimer The views expressed in this report are solely the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect the views of Charles Sturt University. Contact Associate Professor Dirk HR Spennemann, MA, PhD, MICOMOS, APF Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, PO Box 789, Albury NSW 2640, Australia. email: [email protected] Spennemann & Murphy (2020) Returning to the Moon: Heritage Issues Raised by the Google Lunar X Prize Page ii CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. HUMAN ARTEFACTS ON THE MOON 3 What Have These Missions Left BehinD? 4 Impactor Missions 10 Lander Missions 11 Rover Missions 11 Sample Return Missions 11 Human Missions 11 The Lunar Environment & ImpLications for Artefact Preservation 13 Decay caused by ascent module 15 Decay by solar radiation 15 Human Interference 16 3.
[Show full text]
NASA's Recommendations to Space-Faring Entities: How To
National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA’s Recommendations to Space-Faring Entities: How to Protect and Preserve the Historic and Scientific Value of U.S. Government Lunar Artifacts Release: July 20, 2011 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Revision and History Page Status Revision No. Description Release Date Release Baseline Initial Release 07/20/2011 Update Rev A Updated with imagery from Apollo 10/28/2011 missions 12, 14-17. Added Appendix D: Available Photo Documentation of Apollo Hardware 2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration HUMAN EXPLORATION & OPERATIONS MISSION DIRECTORATE STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AND INTEGRATION DIVISION NASA HEADQUARTERS NASA’S RECOMMENDATIONS TO SPACE-FARING ENTITIES: HOW TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE HISTORIC AND SCIENTIFIC VALUE OF U.S. GOVERNMENT ARTIFACTS THIS DOCUMENT, DATED JULY 20, 2011, CONTAINS THE NASA RECOMMENDATIONS AND ASSOCIATED RATIONALE FOR SPACECRAFT PLANNING TO VISIT U.S. HERITAGE LUNAR SITES. ORGANIZATIONS WITH COMMENTS, QUESTIONS OR SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD CONTACT NASA’S HUMAN EXPLORATION & OPERATIONS DIRECTORATE, STRATEGIC ANALYSIS & INTEGRATION DIVISION, NASA HEADQUARTERS, 202.358.1570. 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Table of Contents REVISION AND HISTORY PAGE 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 SECTION A1 – PREFACE, AUTHORITY, AND DEFINITIONS 5 PREFACE 5 DEFINITIONS 7 A1-1 DISTURBANCE 7 A1-2 APPROACH PATH 7 A1-3 DESCENT/LANDING (D/L) BOUNDARY 7 A1-4 ARTIFACT BOUNDARY (AB) 8 A1-5 VISITING VEHICLE SURFACE MOBILITY BOUNDARY (VVSMB) 8 A1-6 OVERFLIGHT
[Show full text]
Update on the Qualification of the Hakuto Micro-Rover for the Google
Update on the Qualification of the Hakuto Micro-Rover for the Google Lunar X-Prize John Walker, Nathan Britton, Kazuya Yoshida, Shimizu Toshiro, Louis-Jerome Burtz, Alperen Pala 1 Introduction 1.1 Commercial off the shelf components in space robotics missions In the past several years, due to the proliferation of cubesat and micro-satellite mis- sions, several companies have started offering off-the-shelf space-ready hardware[3]. These products offer a welcome reduction in cost but do not solve a major prob- lem for space robotics designers: available space-ready controllers are years behind COTS microprocessors and microcontrollers in terms of performance and power consumption. For applications involving human safety or critical timing, the extra cost and difficulty of using certified space-ready hardware is justifiable. But for some low-cost missions that require high performance, terrestrial com- ponents are increasingly being qualified and integrated. The University of Tokyo’s HODOYOSHI 3 and 4 satellites have integrated readily available COTS FPGAs and microcontrollers and protected them with safeguards against Single Event Latch-up (SEL)[9]. This paper presets a lunar rover architecture that uses many COTS parts, with a focus on electrical parts and their function in and survival of various tests. Walker, John Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, JAPAN e-mail: [email protected] Britton, Nathan Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, JAPAN e-mail: [email protected] 1 2 Walker, J. and Britton, N. 1.2 Google Lunar XPRIZE The Google Lunar XPRIZE (GLXP) is a privately funded competition to land a rover on the surface of the Moon, travel 500 m and send HD video back to Earth.
[Show full text]
Feasibility Study of Commercial Markets for New Sample Acquisition Devices
Feasibility Study of Commercial Markets for New Sample Acquisition Devices Collin Brady, Jim Coyne2, Sven G. Bil6n, Liz Kisenwether4, Garry Millers The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA and Robert P. Mueller6, National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, 32899, FL, USA and Kris Zacny' Honeybee Robotics, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA The NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and Penn State technology commercialization project was designed to assist in the maturation of a NASA SBIR Phase III technology. The project was funded by NASA's ESMD Education group with oversight from the Surface Systems Office at NASA Kennedy Space Center in the Engineering Directorate. Two Penn State engineering student interns managed the project with support from Honeybee Robotics and NASA Kennedy Space Center. The objective was to find an opportunity to integrate SBIR-developed Regolith Extractor and Sampling Technology as the payload for the future Lunar Lander or Rover missions. The team was able to identify two potential Google Lunar X Prize organizations with considerable interest in utilizing regolith acquisition and transfer technology. L Introduction NASA is currently repositioning itself to align mission objectives and infrastructure with the vision of President Obama's administration. The strategic realignment will result in increased reliance and collaboration with private industry, including large systems integrators and small innovative research companies. The six-billion dollar budget increase over the next five years will prioritize innovation and drive space and Earth climate research. The Augustine report indicated there was insufficient funding to support the Constellation program while continuing to sustain other agency objectives, such as the International Space Station (ISS).
[Show full text]
Wendy Schmidt Oil Cleanup X Challenge
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Ian Murphy: 310.689.6397 ([email protected]) Press Office: 310.741.4883([email protected]) X PRIZE FOUNDATION ANNOUNCES WENDY SCHMIDT OIL CLEANUP X CHALLENGE $1.4 Million X CHALLENGE for Demonstration of Rapidly‐deployable, Highly Efficient Methods for Cleaning Up Crude Oil on the Ocean Surface Washington, DC (July 29, 2010) – The X PRIZE Foundation (www.xprize.org), best known for launching the private spaceflight industry through the $10 million Ansari X PRIZE, and the ultra‐fuel efficient vehicle market through the $10 million Progressive Insurance Automotive X PRIZE, today announced the launch of its sixth major incentive competition, the $1.4 Million Wendy Schmidt Oil Cleanup X CHALLENGE. At a press conference in Washington, DC, the announcement was made by X PRIZE Chairman Peter H. Diamandis together with Wendy Schmidt, who personally funded the $1.4 million prize purse. Wendy Schmidt is president of The Schmidt Family Foundation, Founder of the Foundation’s 11th Hour Project and Climate Central, as well as Co‐founder, with her husband Eric, of the Schmidt Marine Science Research Institute. Other speakers included Philippe Cousteau, son of Jan and Philippe Cousteau Sr., and grandson of Captain Jacques‐Yves Cousteau and co‐founder and CEO of EarthEcho International; and Dr. Dave Gallo, Ph.D., Director of Special Projects at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. The goal of the Wendy Schmidt Oil Cleanup X CHALLENGE is to inspire entrepreneurs, engineers, and scientists worldwide to develop innovative, rapidly deployable, and highly efficient methods of capturing crude oil from the ocean surface.
[Show full text]