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Effect of Culture Medium on Morphogenic Processes in Vitro in Cinchona Officinalis L

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Effect of Culture Medium on Morphogenic Processes in Vitro in Cinchona Officinalis L Effect of culture medium on Rev.morphogenic FCA UNCUYO. processes 2019. 51(1): in vitro 55-68. in CinchonaISSN (en línea) officinalis 1853-8665. L. Effect of culture medium on morphogenic processes in vitro in Cinchona officinalis L. Efecto del medio de cultivo en los procesos morfogénicos in vitro en Cinchona officinalis L. José Antonio Moreno Serrano 1, César Pérez Ruíz 1, Ivonne Moreno Fierro 1, Jorge Moreno Fierro 2 Originales: Recepción: 24/10/2017 - Aceptación: 11/12/2018 Abstract This paper describes the effect of the various plant growth regulators of the culture medium on morphogenic processes in vitro in Cinchona officinalis L, a highly vulnerable species from southern Ecuador. To do this, different concentrations of NaOCl were used in combination with different immersion times for seed disinfection; for seed germination in vitro GA3 was added to the MS basal culture medium in different concentrations, and for morphogenic processes in vitro, different concentrations of auxins and cytokinins were combined. The decrease in the contamination rate was with high concentrations of NaOCl and an increase in the germination rate in 45 days with the addition of 1.0 mg -1 -1 -1 L GA3 to the culture medium the hormonal combination of 0.5 mg L NAA + 2.5 mg L BAP showed a high rate of shoot proliferation and with 1.0 mg L-1 NAA a high number of roots was obtained. In the callogenesis phase, the best results were obtained with 1.0 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0.5 mg L-1 BAP for callus proliferation. In vitro propagation protocols were generated in Cinchona officinalis L, for the preservation and conservation of the species. Keywords plant growth • germination • organogenesis • callogenesis 1 E.T.S.I. de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural. E.T.S. Ingenieros Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas. Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal. UPM. Madrid. España. [email protected] 2 University of Bedfordshire. Vicarage St. Luton. LU1 3JU. United Kingdom. Tomo 51 • N° 1 • 2019 55 J. Moreno Serrano et al. Resumen Este trabajo describe el efecto de los diversos reguladores de crecimiento del medio de cultivo en los procesos morfogénicos in vitro en Cinchona officinalis L, una especie altamente vulnerable del sur de Ecuador. Para ello, se utilizó diferentes concentraciones de NaOCl en combinación con distintos tiempos de inmersión para la desinfección de semillas; para la germinación in vitro de semillas se agregó AG3 al medio de cultivo MS basal en diferentes concentraciones, y para los procesos morfogénicos in vitro se combi- naron diferentes concentraciones de auxinas y citocininas. Se obtuvo la disminución de la tasa de contaminación con altas concentraciones de NaOCl y aumento de la tasa de germi- -1 nación en 45 días con la adición de 1,0 mg L AG3 al medio de cultivo; la combinación hormonal de 0,5 mg L-1 ANA + 2,5 mg L-1 BAP mostró una alta tasa de proliferación de brotes y con 1,0 mg L-1 ANA se logró obtener un alto número de raíces/explante. En la fase de callogénesis, los mejores resultados se obtuvieron con 1,0 mg L-1 2,4-D + 0,5 mg L-1 BAP para proliferación de callo. Se generaron protocolos de propagación in vitro en Cinchona officinalis Palabras L, con clave fines de preservación y conservación de la especie. reguladores del crecimiento • germinación • organogénesis • callogénesis Introduction The cascarilla or Cinchona officinalis L, mental role in the control of morpho- is an endemic tree located in the southern genesis (22). Ecuador, which for its medicinal prop- erties has been overexploited, coming to forest species obtained by in vitro were be listed as a endangered species and is obtainedAlthough in thethe 1960s, first for seedlingssome species of considered a priority species of conser- the micro-propagation procedures are vation and study in Ecuador (19). still under development, mainly due to The in vitro multiplication of plant the tremendous dependence between the species is an alternative for the conser- response of the crop and the genotype (8, vation of this species and arises thanks 14, 17). Species like Cinchona have not to the totipotential capacity of plant cells, been the exception, being used to increase which allows regenerating a whole plant the productivity of alkaloids through the from small portions of tissues, organs in vitro culture of diverse tissues and or plant cells under aseptic conditions whole seedlings (Geerlings et al., 1999; and controlled (13). The morphogenic Hoekstra et al., 1990; Walton et al., 1987); response in vitro is determined by the these works developed within the in vitro interaction of numerous factors: genotype propagation in several species such as of the donor plant, type of explant and the Cinchona have been the basis for the physiological state, chemical composition establishment of massive propagation of the culture medium and physical envi- protocols for reintroduction and rein- ronment of the incubation of all the factors forcement of populations of C. officinalis involved, growing regulators play a funda- in the natural habitat (5). 56 Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Effect of culture medium on morphogenic processes in vitro in Cinchona officinalis L. As the in vitro culture medium is a conservation strategy for threatened species, for allowing the massive multipli- washesfirst disinfection with sterile with water 70 % (5).ethyl Then, alcohol in cation of plants (6) and taking into account groupsfor 1 min, of 50 followed seeds, a bysecond two disinfectionfive-minute that the specimens of C. officinalis are was carried out with sodium hypochlorite sporadic in their natural environment, the (commercial bleach "Ajax Chlorine" rapid loss of viability of the seeds, the recal- citrance in the conservation of the seeds for 5, 10 and 15 min. The culture medium for long periods of time, the scarce natural used5.25%) for 15, sowing 25 and of 50 the % in(v/v) vitro in ofwater, the regeneration, the increasing importance seeds consisted of MS mineral salts (32) due to its pharmacological properties, supplemented with vitamins (1 mg L-1 of among other factors. For this reason, the thiamine and 100 mg L-1 of myo-inositol), present study was carried out in order to generate protocols for in vitro propa- sucrose as a source of 2 % carbohydrates, gation in C. officinalis, analyzing the effect and gibberellic acid (GA3) in three concen- of various plant growing regulators when trationsagar (SIGMA®) (0.0, 0.5 at and 0.6 1.0% as mg a gellingL-1). The agent pH triggering a satisfactory in vitro morpho- was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.2 with sodium genic response. hydroxide 1N (NaOH) before placing 10 ml parts in 11 x 25 cm glass tubes, then sterilized in an autoclave for 15 minutes Materials and methods at 120 °C and 1.1 kg cm-2. The sowing of 2 seeds/glass tube was established; the Identification and selection of trees seeds were evaluated by direct obser- vation, every 5 days until 45 days after the located in the southern zone of Ecuador, it sharesThe area geographical of ​​influence territories of the study of wasthe Andean, Litoral and Amazon regions; from sowing, the parameters evaluated were: % the extreme north to the south it has a of contaminationShoots proliferation and % of germination. length of 156.8 km and from east to west The caulinar apices and nodal segments 156.6 km including the Cantons of Loja, of in vitro seedlings of 5 cm average length Catamayo and Saraguro, with a total area were selected with 1-2 nodes. The culture of 10,793 km2. The trees of C. officinalis medium used was similar to the seed germination way, supplemented by the of morphological aspects of the spec- combination of plant growth regulators in were identified based on the description different concentrations, NAA (naphthale- of the branches along the stem, height of neacetic acid) 0.5 and 1.5 mg L-1 and BAP theimens: shaft, stem DBH form, (diameter filotaxical at breast distribution height) (6-benzyl-aminopurine) 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 and plant health of the tree. mg L-1. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.2 with sodium hydroxide 1N (NaOH) before In vitro's seed germination placing 30 ml parts in glass vials (Gerber The seeds of C. officinalis were selected type) of 10 x 5.3 cm, then sterilized in considering characteristics such as: shape, autoclave for 15 minutes at 120 ºC and size, color, physiological maturity and 1.1 kg cm-2. Two explants/vial were estab- good plant health conditions. In aseptic lished; 3 sowings were made at constant conditions, the seeds were subjected to a intervals of 30 days. Tomo 51 • N° 1 • 2019 57 J. Moreno Serrano et al. The explants were evaluated, every 5 3.0 mg L-1) and BAP at a concentration days until 90 days, the parameters eval- of 0.5 mg L-1. The pH was adjusted to 5.8 uated were: number of shoots, shoots ± 0.2 with NaOH at 1N, then sterilized in length, number of nodes and number of an autoclave for 15 minutes at 120 °C and leaves per explant 1.1 kg cm-2. Two explants/vial were estab- lished; 3 sowings were made at constant Rhizogenesis intervals of 30 days. The explants were The nodal and apical segments of evaluated, every 5 days up to 90 days, 5 cm of average length with 1-2 nodes were selected and planted in a culture formation. medium consisting of MS mineral salts, the parameters evaluated were: % callus supplemented separately with three Experimental design and statistical types of auxins: NAA, IAA (indoleacetic analysis acid) and IBA (indolbutyric acid) in 3 To analyze the conditions of the trial different concentrations 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 in the phase of disinfection of seeds, a mg L-1, without presence of cytokine to completely randomized design (DCA) stimulate rooting.
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