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Notes on Japanese Spiders of the Genera Paikiniana and Solenysa (Araneae, Linyphiidae)

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Notes on Japanese Spiders of the Genera Paikiniana and Solenysa (Araneae, Linyphiidae) Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 37(3), pp. 121–129, August 22, 2011 Notes on Japanese Spiders of the Genera Paikiniana and Solenysa (Araneae, Linyphiidae) Hirotsugu Ono Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3–23–1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 22 May 2011; accepted 21 June 2011) Abstract Japanese spiders of the genera Paikiniana Eskov, 1992, and Solenysa Simon, 1894 (Araneae, Linyphiidae) are taxonomically studied. Specimens obtained from Toyota-shi, Aichi Pre- fecture, are identified with Paikiniana lurida (Seo, 1991) hitherto known only from Korea and China. This species is recorded from Japan for the first time. Walckenaeria keikoae described by Saito (1988) is transferred to Paikiniana from the original genus. Nomenclatorial problems about Solenysa mellottei Simon, 1894 are discussed, and emended names, S. mellotteei and S. melloteei proposed by Bösenberg and Strand (1906) and Bonnet (1958), respectively are regarded as junior synonyms of the original name. A new species of the genus Solenysa is described from Okazaki- shi, Aichi Prefecture under the name of Solenysa ogatai sp. nov. Key words : Taxonomy, new species, Araneae, Linyphiidae, Paikiniana, Solenysa, Japan. Containing about 600 genera and 4,400 arachnid collection of the Department of Zoolo- species mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, gy, National Museum of Nature and Science, Linyphiidae is one of the largest families in spi- Tokyo (NSMT-Ar). ders. Of these, 282 species of 111 genera are at present known in Japan (Saito and Ono, 2001; Family Linyphiidae Ono and Saito, 2001; Ono, Matsuda and Saito, 2009; Ono, 2010 a). However, there is no clear Genus Paikiniana Eskov, 1992 overall picture of the linyphiid fauna of Japan, [Japanese name: Tengu-nukagumo-zoku] because further field investigations and precise Paikiniana Eskov, 1992, p. 164. Type species: Cornicularia studies are required on many genera and species. bella Paik,1978. — Ono, Matsuda and Saito, 2009, p. 296. In the present paper, notes on two genera, Paikiniana Eskov, 1992 and Solenysa Simon, Notes. Spiders of the genus are characterized 1894 are provided as primary materials for a by the structure of male palpal tibia with a large complete revision, including descriptions of dorsal apophysis and a strange lamellate apoph- Paikiniana lurida (Seo, 1991) and a new species ysis occasionally and presence of a developed of Solenysa both from Aichi Prefecture, Honshu. scape-like projection on the dorsal plate of fe- The abbreviations used are as follows: ALE, male genitalia as well as the peculiar shape of anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; horn on the male eye field with many strong hairs PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior medi- on its tip. General characters are as follows: body an eye; Tm, trichobothrium on metatarsus of lengths 1.7–2.3 mm, the order of tibial spines of legs. legs 2-2-1-1, the ratio of Tm I between 0.35 and The specimens used for this study including 0.46, and Tm IV present. The distributional types of the new species are deposited in the range of the genus is restricted in temperate zone 122 Hirotsugu Ono of East Asia, and spiders of the genus occur only by Saito (1988) under the genus Walckenaeria in Japan, Korea and China. Eight known species Blackwall, 1833, in a wide sense. He explained are listed below, including an addition of Paikini- in that paper Cornicilaria mira and C. vulgaris ana keikoae comb. nov. after transfer from origi- should be transferred to “Walckenaeria,” both of nal Walckenaeria. Paikiniana lurida (Seo, 1991) which were afterwards transferred by Eskov hitherto known in Korea and China (Hunan, (1992) to his new genus Paikiniana. Although Sichuan) was recently found in Japan. These two Walckenaeria is still heterogeneous, characteris- species are reported herein. tics of this species correspond exactly to those of Species included (in alphabetical order): 1, Paikiniana. Spiders of the species were frequent- Paikiniana bella (Paik, 1978), type species, from ly found in lowland forests of Honshu. Korea; 2, Paikiniana biceps Song et Li, 2008, from China (Hebei, Beijing); 3, Paikiniana iriei Paikiniana lurida (Seo, 1991), (Ono, 2007), from Japan (Kyushu); 4, Paikiniana new to the Japanese fauna keikoae (H. Saito, 1988), comb. nov., from Japan [Japanese name: Tairiku-tengu-nukagumo] (Honshu); 5, Paikiniana lurida (Seo, 1991), from (Figs. 1–10) Japan (Honshu), Korea and China (Hunan, Sichuan); 6, Paikiniana mikurana Ono, 2010, Walckenaeria lurida Seo, 1991, p. 37, figs. 7–13. Holo- from Japan (Mikurajima Island, Tokyo); 7, type (male) from Gachang-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, 3-V-1986, B. K. Seo leg., Paikiniana mira (Oi, 1960), from Japan (Honshu, deposited in Keimyung University, Taegu, Korea, not Kyushu) and Korea; 8, Paikiniana vulgaris (Oi, examined. — Namkung, 2001, p. 211, 3 figs.; Kim, 1960), from Japan (Honshu, Kyushu) and Korea. Yoo and Kim, 2002, p. 388; Namkung, 2003, p. 213, 3 figs. Paikiniana lurida: Song and Li, 2008, p. 96, figs. 46–57. Paikiniana keikoae (H. Saito, 1988), comb. nov. [Japanese name: Futae-tsuno-nukagumo] Notes. This species was originally described by Seo (1991) from Korea under the genus Wal- Walckenaeria keikoae Saito, 1988, p. 20, figs. 6–10. Holo- type (male) from Nikko, Tochigi Prefecture, Honshu, ckenaeria (Namkung, 2001, 2003), but was re- Japan, 8-XI-1979, K. Niijima leg. (NSMT-Ar 5243), cently transferred to Paikiniana by Song and Li and a female collected from Sendai-shi, Miyagi Prefec- (2008) on the basis of specimens obtained in ture, 5-XII-1982, K. Sasaki leg. (NSMT-Ar 5244) of Hunan and Sichuan Provinces of China. Several the paratype series, examined. — Ono, Matsuda and specimens collected in Japan were identified with Saito, 2009, p. 286, figs. 373–377. this East Asian species, and the present report in- Specimens examined. Other than type mater- dicates a new record of the species from Japan. ial as given above: Two females and two males Specimens examined. One female and one from Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaragi Prefecture, Honshu, male from Kazue-cho, Toyota-shi, altitude Japan, 24-V-2006 (one female), 26-VI-2006 (one around 20 m above sea level, Aichi Prefecture, female) and 4-IV-2007 (two males), E. Mizuya- Honshu, Japan, 12-III-2011 (NSMT-Ar 9737– ma leg. (NSMT-Ar 9707–9709); one female from 9738); one male from the same place as former Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 27-XII-1986, K. Kumada specimens, 2-V-2011 (NSMT-Ar 9739); one fe- and T. Umebayashi leg. (NSMT-Ar 9023); one male from Iwasaki-cho, around 100 m above sea male from Mikurajima Island, Tokyo, 5-III-2010, level, Nisshin-shi, Aichi Prefecture, 10-XI-2010 H. Ono leg. (NSMT-Ar 8736); one male from (NSMT-Ar 9740); all specimens K. Ogata leg. Tama-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture, Description. Based on the Japanese speci- 15-XII-1992, M. Ban leg. (NSMT-Ar 10087); mens (NSMT-Ar 9737–9738). Measurements: and others. Body length female 1.91 mm, male 1.88 mm; pro- Notes. This species was originally described soma length female 0.79 mm, male 0.84 mm, width Spiders of the Genera Paikiniana and Solenysa 123 Figs. 1–10. Paikiniana lurida (Seo, 1991): 1–5, female (NSMT-Ar 9737), 6–10, male (NSMT-Ar 9738), both from Toyota-shi, Aichi Prefecture. — 1, Pro- and opisthosomata (appendages omitted), dorsal view; 2, 8, chelicerae, ventral view; 3, epigynum, ventral view; 4–5, inner organ of female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; 6–7, prosoma, frontal and lateral views; 9, palpal organ, retrolateral view; 10, tibial apophyses, dorsal view. [Scales for Figs. 1, 0.5 mm, for Figs. 2–5, 8–10, 0.1 mm, for Figs. 6–7, 0.25 mm.] female 0.56 mm, male 0.59 mm; opisthosoma 0.35ϩ0.29), II 1.71 mm (0.52ϩ0.19ϩ0.40ϩ0.32 length female 1.13 mm, male 1.16 mm, width fe- ϩ0.28), III 1.44 mm (0.43ϩ0.17ϩ0.29ϩ0.29ϩ male 0.77 mm, male 0.75 mm; lengths of legs 0.26), IV 1.99 mm (0.58ϩ0.17ϩ0.51ϩ0.42ϩ [total length (femurϩpatellaϩtibiaϩmetatarsusϩ 0.31), male I 1.97 mm (0.60ϩ0.21ϩ0.48ϩ0.39ϩ tarsus)]: female I 1.91 mm (0.55ϩ0.20ϩ0.43ϩ 0.29), II 1.87 mm (0.55ϩ0.21ϩ0.47ϩ0.35ϩ0.29), 124 Hirotsugu Ono III 1.54 mm (0.44ϩ0.17ϩ0.35ϩ0.34ϩ0.24), IV with short hairs. 2.13 mm (0.58ϩ0.19ϩ0.60ϩ0.47ϩ0.29). Female genitalia (Figs. 3–5): Genital field Prosoma: Carapace longer than wide (length/ wider than long, a short scape with median pock- width female 1.41, male 1.42), its surface et present on the dorsal plate. Intromittent canals smooth, median furrow distinct, cephalic part short and thick, extending in anterior direction, sexually dimorphic: in male, a peculiar projec- spermathecae simple and large, oval. tion with long hairs present on the eye field, and Coloration and markings: Female (Fig. 1) and eyes compactly set around the projection (Figs. male: carapace light yellowish brown or orange, 6–7); in female, flat without such projection. chelicerae, maxillae and labium light yellowish Eyes relatively large, PLEϭALEϾPMEϾAME brown, sternum yellowish brown, palps and legs (7:7:6:4) in female, PLEϾALEϾPMEϭAME light yellowish brown, without annulations. (7:6:5:5) in male, the anterior eye row recurved Opisthosoma gray, lighter in female and darker in and the posterior eye row procurved in both the male. sexes, AME–AMEϭAME–ALE, PME–PMEϭ Distribution. Japan (Honshu), Korea, China. PME–PLE, median ocular area longer than wide (length/width female 1.25, male 1.14), wider be- Genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 hind than in front (anterior width/posterior width [Japanese name: Arimanegumo-zoku] female 0.75, male 0.71), clypeus very wide.
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