비타민나무 열매에서 분리한 Aureobasidium Pullulans의 동정 및 Amylase 활성

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비타민나무 열매에서 분리한 Aureobasidium Pullulans의 동정 및 Amylase 활성 J East Asian Soc Diet Life 225 28(3): 225∼230 (2018) http://dx.doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2018.6.28.3.225 비타민나무 열매에서 분리한 Aureobasidium pullulans의 동정 및 Amylase 활성 이소영1․이희윤2․김계원3․강근옥1† 1국립한경대학교 영양조리과학과, 2경희대학교 식품생명공학과, 3국립한경대학교 산학협력단 Identification of Aureobasidium pullulans from Sea Buckthorn (Hippohae rhamnoides L.) Fruits and Its Amylase Activities So-Young Lee1, Hee-Yoon Lee2, Gye-Won Kim3 and Kun-Og Kang1† 1Dept. of Nutrition and Culinary Science, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea 2Dept. of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea 3Academic Industry Cooperation, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Republic of Korea ABSTRACT A new yeast strain isolated from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruits was identified and the characteristics of its amylase activity were investigated. A wild yeast strain isolated from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruits was identified as Aureobasidium pullulans using the morphological observations and ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 PCR. This A. pullulans strain showed the highest amylase activity under the condition of a sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.0) and 60℃. On the other hand, the optimal reaction temperature of the amylase activity of A. pullulans previously isolated from the ocean was 28℃. These results indicate that the enzyme activities of A. pullulans isolated from different sources might not be the same. Unlike previous studies on A. pullulans from the ocean, starch was metabolized more rapidly and the specific activity of amylase was three times higher in the cultures using the distilled water base media compared to the artificial sea water base media. These results suggest that newly isolated A. pullulans from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) fruits may possess unique enzymatic profiles, which is different from previously isolated A. pullulans. Key words: sea buckthorn, Aureobasidium pullulans, amylase activity 서 론 Aureobasidium subglaciale, 그리고 Aureobasidium namibiae 가 새로이 재분류되었다(Gostinčar C 등 2014). Aureobasidium pullulans은 생성된 멜라닌으로부터 기인하 A. pullulans가 생산하는 주된 유용물질로는 pullulan이 보 는 검은 색으로 인해 black yeast로 알려진 yeast-like fungus 고되고 있으나(Duan XH 등 2008) pullulan 이외에도 alkaline 의 일종으로 초기에는 노란색, 백색 혹은 핑크빛을 띄다가 protease(Chi Z 등 2009), β-glucosidases(Leite RSR 등 2007), 시간이 지나면 검은 색으로 변하는 것이 특징이다(de Hoog lipase(Liu ZQ 등 2008), cellulase(Zhang L & Chi ZM 2007), GS 1993). 또한 형태적 유연성이 커 탄소원이나 온도, 시간 xylanase(de Wet BJM & Zyl Prior WHBA 2006), mannanase 에 따라 균락의 모양 등이 달라지는 특징을 지니고 있다 (Kremnický L & Biely P 1997), amylase(Li HF 등 2007a) 등 (Slepecky RA & Starmer WT 2009). 의 효소 생성 역시 보고되어 있다. 와인양조 분야에서는 고 A. pullulans에 장기간 노출될 경우, 과민성 폐렴을 유발해 전적으로 A. pullulans가 오크배럴 내에서 숙성 중인 와인을 인체에 유해할 수 있다고 여겨져 왔으나(Temprano J 등 2007), 오염시키는 오염원으로 여겨지고 있지만(Fugelsang K & 유전적 서열 분석결과 과민성 폐렴을 유발하는 균주는 A. Edwards C 2010), A. pullulans가 생산하는 β-glucosidases를 melanogenum으로 재분류되어 최종적으로 다른 균주임이 밝 이용해 와인 내에서 당과 결합해 수용성 상태에 있는 향미 혀졌으며, 이외에도 아종으로 Aureobasidium melanogenum, 성분들의 β-글루코시드 결합을 끊어 와인의 향미증진을 도모 한 연구도 수행된 바 있다 등 † (Baffi MA 2013). Corresponding author : Kun-Og Kang, Tel: +82-31-670-5181, Fax: 위의 효소들 중 는 전분을 글루코스로 구성된 더 +82-31-670-5189, E-mail: [email protected] amylase 226 이소영․이희윤․김계원․강근옥 東아시아 食生活學會誌 작은 단위의 분자로 가수분해하는 효소(Windish WW & 액 600 μL에 3 M의 sodium acetate 60 μL와 isopropyl alcohol Mhatre NS 1965)로 에탄올 생산, 제지, 섬유, 제빵, 맥주 양 360 μL를 첨가하여 13,000 rpm에서 5분 원심분리하였다. 상 조 등에 폭넓게 이용되어(de Souza PM & de Oliveria P 층액을 제거한 뒤 침전된 DNA는 500 μL의 70% ethanol을 2010) 상업적으로 그 중요도가 높은 효소이다. 현재 해양에 첨가해 세척한 뒤 13,000 rpm에서 1분 원심분리하여 상층액 서 채취한 A. pullulans 유래 amylase의 특성에 대한 연구는 을 제거하고 50℃에서 15분 방치하여 잔존하는 ethanol을 제 진행되었으나(Li HF 등 2007b), 국내에서 비해양 유래 A. 거하였다. 이후 30 μL의 TE-RNase(100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, pullulans 연구는 진행된 바가 없다. A. pullulans가 해양환경 10 mM EDTA, 20 μL RNase)를 첨가한 뒤, 37℃에서 15분 뿐만 아니라, 과실, 토양, 빙하 속과 같은 극한 환경에서도 이상 반응시켜 RNA를 제거하였다. 얻어진 genomic DNA는 발견되는 균주인 만큼 해양 유래가 아닌 균주의 특성에 대해 —20℃에서 냉동 보관하였으며, 실험에 사용한 RNase는 서도 연구할 필요성이 있다. Qiagen(Valencia, CA, USA) 제품, 그리고 phenol, chloroform, 본 연구에서 A. pullulans 분리 소재로 사용한 비타민나무 isoamyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol 및 ethanol은 Fisher (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)는 면역, 항염 및 노화방지에 뛰어 (Hampton, NH, USA) 제품을 사용하였다. 난 것으로 알려져 새로운 식품소재의 활용 가능성에 대한 관 심이 증대되고 있으나(Tiffany TYG 등 2005), 암세포 MCF-7 3. 균주 동정 에 대한 생육저해 활성(Olsson ME 등 2004), 항산화 및 미백 균주의 동정은 ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 영역을 universal 활성(Ko MS 등 2012), 타이로시네이즈 저해활성(Kim EJ 등 primer인 ITS1(5'-TCC GTA GGT GAA CCT GCG G-3')과 2011) 등 생리활성에 대하여 부분적인 연구가 진행되었을 뿐 ITS4(5'-TCC TCC GCT TAT TGA TAT GC-3')를 이용해 증 산업적 활용 가능성이 큰 효모 균주에 대하여는 선행 연구된 폭하여 수행하였다. Thermal cycler(ASTEC PC-320, ASTEC 결과가 거의 없는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비타민나 Inc, Fukuoka, Japan)를 이용해 95℃에서 5분 pre-denaturation 무 열매에 분포하는 효모 균주를 분리․동정함으로써 산업 을 수행한 뒤, 95℃에서 40초, 55℃에서 40초, 그리고 72℃에 적 활용 가능성을 검토하고자 A. pullulans를 분리․동정하 서 50초씩 30회 반복하고, 72℃에서 5분 동안 post-extension 고, A. pullulans가 생산하는 amylase의 특성에 대하여 연구하 을 수행하였다. 증폭 산물은 0.8% agarose gel 상에서 전기영 였다. 동하여 정제 후 Macrogen Co.(Seoul, Korea)에 의뢰하여 sequencing을 수행하였다. 분석된 염기 서열은 basic local 재료 및 방법 alignment search tool을 이용해 동정하였다. 1. 균주 분리 4. A. pullulans 배양 및 Amylase의 활성 비타민나무 열매(강원도 화천, 2017년 7월 수확) 10 g을 증 Soluble starch 1%가 첨가된 YP(yeast extract 2%, peptone 류수로 세척한 뒤 으깨어 나온 즙을 1 mL 취하고 0.8% NaCl 2%) 배지(Difco, Franklin Lake, NJ, USA)에 5 mL의 seed 5 용액을 사용하여 10 배 연속 희석하였다. 그 뒤 희석된 용액 culture를 배양하였다. 26℃, 180 rpm에서 2일 배양된 seed 을 PD agar(potato extract 0.4%, dextrose 2% 및 agar 1.5%) 배 culture는 pH 5.0의 YP에 soluble starch 1%가 첨가된 배지에 지에 1 mL 도말하여 25℃에서 2일 배양하였다. 얻어진 단일 접종하고, 26℃, 180 rpm에서 5일 배양하였다. 배양액을 균락은 PD 배지(potato extract 0.4%, dextrose 2%), 25℃에서 13,000 rpm에서 25분 원심분리하여 상층액을 회수하였고, 2일, 2회 계대 배양하여 분리하였다. PD agar 및 PD 배지는 100 mM sodium acetate buffer(pH 5.0) 250 μL와 2% soluble Difco(Franklin Lake, NJ, USA) 제품을 사용하였다. starch 250 μL에 500 μL 상층액을 첨가하여 60℃에서 30분 반응시키고, 5분 끓인 다음 환원당을 측정하였다. 1 unit의 2. DNA 추출 amylase 활성은 반응 조건에서 glucose를 standard로 사용하 분리된 균주를 10 mL의 PD 배지에서 2일 배양한 뒤 여 분당 1 μmol의 환원당을 생성하는 효소의 양으로 정의하 Whatman filter paper No.1(Whatman, Kent, UK)을 통과시켜 였으며, specific activity는 unit을 상층액에 포함된 총 단백질 균사를 분리하였다. 분리된 균사는 막자사발에 액체 질소를 량으로 나눈 값으로 정의하였다. 총 단백질량은 bicincho- 첨가해 분쇄하였다. 분쇄액 200 μL에 lysis buffer(200 mM ninic acid(BCA) protein assay kit(Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 25 mM EDTA 및 0.5% SDS) 500 μL와 500 Waltham, MA, USA)를 이용해 측정하였으며, bovine serum μL의 phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol(25:24:1)을 첨가하여 albumin을 standard로 사용하였다. 또한 A. pulluans amylase 13,000 rpm에서 30분 원심분리하여 상층액을 얻었다. 상층 의 pH 및 온도에 따른 활성을 보기 위해 pH에 의한 활성 28(3): 225∼230 (2018) 비타민나무 열매 유래 Aureobasidium pullulans의 동정 및 Amylase 활성 227 영향은 100 mM의 sodium acetate(pH 4.0∼6.0), sodium ci- DNS 용액과 섞어 준 다음 5분 동안 끓여 시료를 제조하였으 trate(pH 5.0∼6.0) 및 sodium phosphate(pH 6.0∼8.0)의 완충 며, microplate reader(iMark, BioRad, Hercules, CA, USA)를 액을 사용하여 측정하였으며, 최적 온도는 100 mM의 이용하여 555 nm에서의 흡광도를 측정하여 총 당량 및 환원 sodium acetate(pH 5.0) 완충액을 사용하여 25℃부터 70℃까 당을 분석하였다. 지 5℃ 간격으로 활성을 측정하였다. 결과 및 고찰 5. 인공 해수와 증류수 배지에서의 A. pullulans의 생 장 측정 1. 균주의 동정 YP(yeast extract 2%, peptone 2%)에 soluble starch 1%가 첨 PD agar 배지에 도말된 균주의 형태 및 현미경으로 관찰 가된 배지에 5 mL의 seed culture를 배양하였다. 26℃, 180 한 균주의 형태는 Fig. 1과 같았다. 해당 균주는 도말 후 집 rpm에서 2일 배양된 seed culture는 사용되는 용매를 증류수와 락 형성 초기에는 옅은 분홍색을 나타내었지만 4℃에서 3주 인공 해수로 달리하여 만든 YP에 soluble starch 1%가 첨가된 경과 후에는 완전히 검은색으로 변하는 것을 확인할 수 있었 배지에 접종하고, pH 5.0으로 맞추어 26℃, 180 rpm에서 5일 는데, A. pullulans은 생성된 멜라닌으로부터 기인하는 검은색 배양하였다. 인공 해수는 1 L 기준 NaCl 28.13 g, KCl 0.77 g, 으로 인해 생육 초기에는 노란색, 백색 혹은 핑크색을 띄다 가 시간이 지나면 검은 색으로 변한다는 CaCl2․2H2O 1.6 g, MgCl2․6H2O 4.80 g, NaHCO3 0.11 g, de Hoog GS(1993) 의 연구에서와 같은 결과이며 현미경 관찰에서도 검게 변한 MgSO4․7H2O 3.5 g을 첨가하여 제조하였다. 5일 동안의 배 , 양 중 8시간 간격으로 2 mL의 배지를 취해 12,000 rpm에서 세포와 균사를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 ITS1-5.8S rRNA- 5분 원심분리하여 얻은 상층액을 시료로 사용하였다. ITS2 영역을 동정한 BLAST의 결과(Table 1)에서도 A. pullu- lans strains의 서열과 일치하는 것으로 나타나, 비타민나무 6.
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