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Diversity of the Genera of Chlorophyta in Fresh Waters of District Swat Nwfp

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Diversity of the Genera of Chlorophyta in Fresh Waters of District Swat Nwfp Pak. J. Bot., 43(3): 1759-1764, 2011. DIVERSITY OF THE GENERA OF CHLOROPHYTA IN FRESH WATERS OF DISTRICT SWAT N.W.F.P PAKISTAN ASGHAR ALI1, ZABTA KHAN SHINWARI2 AND MUHAMMAD KHAN LEGHARI3 1Department of Botany, G.P.G. Jahanzeb College Swat, Pakistan 2Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 3Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Fifty six genera of green algae were collected from ten different localities of District Swat, belonging to 25 families and 9 genera of Chlorophyta from December 2006 August 2008. Family Oocystaceae with 39 species was most commonly found, next to it were families Scenedesmaceae with18 species and Desmidiaceae with 14 species. The genera Oocystis and Tetraedron were represented by 10 species and Cosmarium with 7 species occurred most commonly. Among the recorded genera 13 (23.2%) were Unicellular, 25 (44.6%) were Colonial, 9 (16.7%) were Unbranched filamentous, 4 (7.1%) were branched filamentous, 1 (1.7%) was Pseudofilamentous, 1 (1.7%) was Mesh-like, 2 (3.5%) were Heterotrichous and 1 (1.7%) was with Irregular amorphous thallus. Highest proportion of Chlorophycean members was recorded from Kanju area 89 and lowest was recorded from Kalam 69. Introduction Results and Discussion The Valley of Swat a part of Malakand Division covers Fifty six genera containing 138 species belonging to 25 5737 square kilometers (estimated). The elevation of the families and 9 orders have been collected from various fresh valley is 630 to 3000m above sea level. Swat is located at a water habitats. Collected algal members were identified up to distance of 170 km from Peshawar and 270 km from Federal species level. (Tables 1-2). capital of Islamabad. Faridi (1971) recorded some genera of fresh water algae from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Leghari 1. Taxonomic diversity: Chlorophyta was represented by 9 et al., (2001) reported 46 species of Chlorophycean members orders, 25 families, 56 genera and 138 species. Family belonging to order Chlorococcales from Sindh. Reshmi Oocystaceae was represented by 12 genera, Palmallaceae and (2004) conducted a detailed study on Chlorophycean Volvocaceae by 5 genera each, Scenedesmaceae, biodiversity in Wet lands on Satna (M.P.) India. The study Cladophoraceae and Zygnemataceae by 3 genera each, revieled 32 genera and 52 species belonging to 18 families Dictyosphaeriaceae, Hydrodictyaceae, Oedogoniaceae, and 7 orders of Chlorophyceae, which were recorded from Tetrasporaceae, Ulotrichaceae and Cosmarieae by 2 genera different wet lands of Satna. Kumar & Rai (2005) recorded each, while Chlorococcaceae, Characiaceae, Chaetophoraceae, 13 taxa of Chlorophyceae from Namchi, Sikkim-Himalayas. Chaetosphaeridiaceae, Coleochaetaceae, Sphaeropleaceae, Misra et al., (2005) worked on some fresh water algae of Cocomaxaceae, Microsporaceae, Cylindrocapsaceae, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Their communication deals Haematococcaceae and Desmidiaceae/Closterieae were with morpho-taxonomic description of 11 fresh water algae represented by 1 genera each. belonging to class Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. Sarim and Zaman (2005) carried an extensive study and a 2. Thallus diversity: Among the recorded 56 Chlorophycean total of 89 species belonging to 31 genera of Chlorophyceae, genera 13 (23.21%) were Unicellular forms, 25 (44.64%) were Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Cyanophyceae, were belonging to Colonial types, 9 (16.07%) were Unbranched recorded from various localities of District Charsadda. Filamentous forms, 4 (7.14%) were Branched Filamentous Zarina et al., (2005) worked on Green algae and made large thalli, 2 (3.57%) were those belonging to Heterotrichous thalli, collections from various Districts of Punjab. Tiwari and while Pseudofilamentous, Mesh-Like thallus and Chauhan (2006) studied the seasonal phytoplanktonic Anastomosing thallus were recorded as 1 (1.78%) genera each. diversity of Kitham Lake, Agra. There collections were dominated with Chlorophycean members. Zarina et al., 3. Diversity of localities: Collections were made from 10 (2009) described 22 genera and 127 species of Green algae different localities of Swat District. During present study from Punjab and neighboring areas of Pakistan. The recent highest proportion of Chlorophycean members was recorded report of algal species diversity was reported in Swat by Ali from Kanju 89 (64.49%). It was followed by Kabal 86 et al., 2010 and 2010a. (62.31%), Aligrama 85 (61.59%), Matta 74 (53.62%), Khwaza Khela 73 (52.89%), Madian and Bahrain 70 (50.72%) each. Materials and Methods Lowest number was that of Kalam 69 (50.00%). Algal collections were made during December 2006 to 4. Seasonal variation: Collections were made during all August 2008 from various localities of District Swat. The seasons, i.e., summer, autumn, winter and spring. Highest specimens were identified with the help of authentic literature number of Chlorophycean members was recorded during (Smith, 1950; Prescott, 1961; Siddiqi & Faridi, 1964; Tiffany summers and autumn. Winters displayed comparatively low & Britton, 1971; Akiyama & Yamagishi, 1981). Chlorophycean diversity. As we know that winters are a bit harsh in upper Swat region and are accompanied with heavy snowfall and hail storms so most of the Green algal members form resistant spores and parenting bodies to tide over the winters. 1760 ASGHAR ALI ET AL., Table 1. Thallus Diversity exhibited by Chlorophycean Genera from fresh waters of District Swat. 1Uni 2Colo 3UBF 4BF 5PsF 6ML 7HT 8IRR S.No. Algal taxa No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % Division Chlorophyta Class Chlorophyceae 138 Order Chlorococcales Family Oocystaceae 1. Ankistrodesmus Corda 5 3.6 2. Chlorella Beyerinck 2 1.4 3. Dactylococcus Naegeli 1 0.7 4. Gloetaenium Hansgirg 1 0.7 5. Kirchneriella Schmidle 2 1.4 6. Nephrocytium Naegeli 2 1.4 7. Oocystis Naegeli in A. Braun 10 7.2 8. Quadrrigula Printz 1 0.7 9. Selenastrum Reinsch 1 0.7 10. Tetraedron Kuetzing 10 7.2 11. Trochiscia Kuetzing 3 2.2 12. Westella de Wildemann 1 0.7 Family Chlorococcaceae 13. Chlorococcum Fries 1 0.7 14. Dictyosphaerium Naegeli 2 1.4 15. Dimorphococcus A. Braun 1 0.7 Family Characiaceae 16. Characium A. Braun in Kuetzing 3 2.2 Family Coelastraceae 17. Coelastrum Naegeli in Kuetzing 4 2.9 Family Hydrodictyaceae 18. Hydrodictyon Roth 1 0.7 19. Pediastrum Meyen 5 3.6 Family Scenedesmaceae 20. Actinastrum Lagerheim 1 0.7 21. Crucigenia Morren 7 5 22. Scenedesmus Meyen 10 7.2 Order Cladophorales Family Cladophoraceae 23. 23. Basicladia Hoffman & Tilden 1 0.7 24. Cladophora Kuetzing 1 0.7 25. Pithophora Wittrock 2 1.4 Order Chaetophorales Family Chaetophoraceae 26. Chaetophora Schrank 1 0.7 Family Chaetosphaeridiaceae 27. Chaetospharidium Klebahn 1 0.7 Family Coleochaetaceae 28. Coleochaete de Brebisson 1 0.7 Order Sphaeropleales Family Sphaeropleaceae 29. Sphaeroplea C. A. Agardh 1 0.7 DIVERSITY OF THE GENERA OF CHLOROPHYTA IN FRESH WATERS OF DISTRICT SWAT N.W.F.P PAKISTAN 1761 Table 1. (Cont’d.). 1Uni 2Colo 3UBF 4BF 5PsF 6ML 7HT 8IRR S.No. Algal taxa No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % Order Oedogoniales Family Oedogoniaceae 30. Oedogonium Link 1 0.7 31. Bulbochaete C. A. Agardh 1 0.7 Order Tetrasporales Family Palmellaceae 32. Asterococcus Scherffel 1 0.7 33. Gloeocystis Naegeli 3 2.2 34. Palmella Lyngbye 1 0.7 35. Palmodictyon Kuetzing 1 0.7 36. Sphaerocystis Chodat 1 0.7 Family Cocomaxaceae 37. Elakatothrix Wille 2 1.4 Family Tetrasporaceae 38. Tetrospora Link 3 2.2 39. Schizochlamys Braun in Kuetzing 2 1.4 Order Ulotrichales Family Ulotrichaceae 40. Geminella Turpin 2 1.4 41. Ulothrix Kuetzing 4 2.1 Family Microsporaceae 42. Microspora Thuret 1 0.7 Family Cylindrocapsaceae 43. Cylindrocapsa Reinsch 1 0.7 Order Volvocales Family Chlamydomonadaceae 44. Chlamydomonas Ehrenberg 4 2.1 Family Haematococcaceae 45. Haematococcus C.A.Agardh Icon Algar 1 0.7 Family Volvocaceae 46. Gonium Mueller, Silva %Wade 1 0.7 47. Eudorina Ehrenberg 1 0.7 48. Pandorina Bory 1 0.7 49. Pleodorina Shaw 1 0.7 50. Volvox Linnaeus 2 1.4 Order Zygnematales Family Desmidiaceae/Closterieae 51. Closterium Nitzsch 5 3.6 Sub-family Cosmarieae 52. Cosmarium Corda 7 5 53. Staurastrum Meyen 2 1.4 Family Zygnemataceae 54. Spirogyra Link 2 1.4 55. Mougeotia (C.A. Agardh) Wittrock 4 2.1 56. Zygnema C. A. Agardh 1 0.7 (Uni- Unicellular Colo- Colonial UBF- Unbranched Filamentous BF- Branched Filamentous PsF- Pseudofilamentous ML- Mesh like thallus HT- Heterotrichous IRR- Irregular thallus) 1762 ASGHAR ALI ET AL., Table 2. Diversity of Chlorophycean Genera from different localities of Swat. Saidu Khwaza Kalam Aligrama Kabal Ningolai Matta Madian Bahrain Kalam Algal taxa Sharif Khela No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % Division Chlorophyta Class Chlorophyceae 73 89 85 86 71 74 73 70 70 69 Order Chlorococcales Family Oocystaceae 1. Ankistrodesmus Corda 4 5.4 - - 5 5.8 5 - - 5 - - 4 3 3 2. Chlorella Beyerinck 2 2.7 2 2.2 2 2.3 2 2 2 1 1 - - - - 3. Dactylococcus Naegeli - - 1 1.1 1 1.1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 4. Gloetaenium Hansgirg - - 1 1.1 1 1.1 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 5. Kirchneriella Schmidle 1 1.3 2 2.2 2 2.3 1 1 1 - - 2 1 1 6. Nephrocytium Naegeli 2 2.7 2 2.2 2 2.3 1 - - 1 2 - - - - - - 7. Oocystis Naegeli in A. Braun 6 8.2 5 5.6 3 3.5 8 5 3 - - 5 4 3 8. Quadrrigula Printz - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - 9. Selenastrum Reinsch - - 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - - 10. Tetraedron Kuetzing 2 2.7 3 3.3 4 4.7 5 3 7 6 9 8 3 11. Trochiscia Kuetzing - - 3 3.3 - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 12. Westella de Wildemann - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - Family Chlorococcaceae 1 1.3 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 1 1 - - - - 1 - - 13. Chlorococcum Fries 14. Dictyosphaerium Naegeli 2 2.7 2 2.2 2 2.3 - - - - - - 2 - - 1 1 15.
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