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Diversity of the Genera of Chlorophyta in Fresh Waters of District Swat Nwfp

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Pak. J. Bot., 43(3): 1759-1764, 2011. DIVERSITY OF THE GENERA OF CHLOROPHYTA IN FRESH WATERS OF DISTRICT SWAT N.W.F.P PAKISTAN ASGHAR ALI1, ZABTA KHAN SHINWARI2 AND MUHAMMAD KHAN LEGHARI3 1Department of Botany, G.P.G. Jahanzeb College Swat, Pakistan 2Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 3Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract Fifty six genera of green algae were collected from ten different localities of District Swat, belonging to 25 families and 9 genera of Chlorophyta from December 2006 August 2008. Family Oocystaceae with 39 species was most commonly found, next to it were families Scenedesmaceae with18 species and Desmidiaceae with 14 species. The genera Oocystis and Tetraedron were represented by 10 species and Cosmarium with 7 species occurred most commonly. Among the recorded genera 13 (23.2%) were Unicellular, 25 (44.6%) were Colonial, 9 (16.7%) were Unbranched filamentous, 4 (7.1%) were branched filamentous, 1 (1.7%) was Pseudofilamentous, 1 (1.7%) was Mesh-like, 2 (3.5%) were Heterotrichous and 1 (1.7%) was with Irregular amorphous thallus. Highest proportion of Chlorophycean members was recorded from Kanju area 89 and lowest was recorded from Kalam 69. Introduction Results and Discussion The Valley of Swat a part of Malakand Division covers Fifty six genera containing 138 species belonging to 25 5737 square kilometers (estimated). The elevation of the families and 9 orders have been collected from various fresh valley is 630 to 3000m above sea level. Swat is located at a water habitats. Collected algal members were identified up to distance of 170 km from Peshawar and 270 km from Federal species level. (Tables 1-2). capital of Islamabad. Faridi (1971) recorded some genera of fresh water algae from Pakistan and Azad Kashmir. Leghari 1. Taxonomic diversity: Chlorophyta was represented by 9 et al., (2001) reported 46 species of Chlorophycean members orders, 25 families, 56 genera and 138 species. Family belonging to order Chlorococcales from Sindh. Reshmi Oocystaceae was represented by 12 genera, Palmallaceae and (2004) conducted a detailed study on Chlorophycean Volvocaceae by 5 genera each, Scenedesmaceae, biodiversity in Wet lands on Satna (M.P.) India. The study Cladophoraceae and Zygnemataceae by 3 genera each, revieled 32 genera and 52 species belonging to 18 families Dictyosphaeriaceae, Hydrodictyaceae, Oedogoniaceae, and 7 orders of Chlorophyceae, which were recorded from Tetrasporaceae, Ulotrichaceae and Cosmarieae by 2 genera different wet lands of Satna. Kumar & Rai (2005) recorded each, while Chlorococcaceae, Characiaceae, Chaetophoraceae, 13 taxa of Chlorophyceae from Namchi, Sikkim-Himalayas. Chaetosphaeridiaceae, Coleochaetaceae, Sphaeropleaceae, Misra et al., (2005) worked on some fresh water algae of Cocomaxaceae, Microsporaceae, Cylindrocapsaceae, Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India. Their communication deals Haematococcaceae and Desmidiaceae/Closterieae were with morpho-taxonomic description of 11 fresh water algae represented by 1 genera each. belonging to class Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. Sarim and Zaman (2005) carried an extensive study and a 2. Thallus diversity: Among the recorded 56 Chlorophycean total of 89 species belonging to 31 genera of Chlorophyceae, genera 13 (23.21%) were Unicellular forms, 25 (44.64%) were Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae and Cyanophyceae, were belonging to Colonial types, 9 (16.07%) were Unbranched recorded from various localities of District Charsadda. Filamentous forms, 4 (7.14%) were Branched Filamentous Zarina et al., (2005) worked on Green algae and made large thalli, 2 (3.57%) were those belonging to Heterotrichous thalli, collections from various Districts of Punjab. Tiwari and while Pseudofilamentous, Mesh-Like thallus and Chauhan (2006) studied the seasonal phytoplanktonic Anastomosing thallus were recorded as 1 (1.78%) genera each. diversity of Kitham Lake, Agra. There collections were dominated with Chlorophycean members. Zarina et al., 3. Diversity of localities: Collections were made from 10 (2009) described 22 genera and 127 species of Green algae different localities of Swat District. During present study from Punjab and neighboring areas of Pakistan. The recent highest proportion of Chlorophycean members was recorded report of algal species diversity was reported in Swat by Ali from Kanju 89 (64.49%). It was followed by Kabal 86 et al., 2010 and 2010a. (62.31%), Aligrama 85 (61.59%), Matta 74 (53.62%), Khwaza Khela 73 (52.89%), Madian and Bahrain 70 (50.72%) each. Materials and Methods Lowest number was that of Kalam 69 (50.00%). Algal collections were made during December 2006 to 4. Seasonal variation: Collections were made during all August 2008 from various localities of District Swat. The seasons, i.e., summer, autumn, winter and spring. Highest specimens were identified with the help of authentic literature number of Chlorophycean members was recorded during (Smith, 1950; Prescott, 1961; Siddiqi & Faridi, 1964; Tiffany summers and autumn. Winters displayed comparatively low & Britton, 1971; Akiyama & Yamagishi, 1981). Chlorophycean diversity. As we know that winters are a bit harsh in upper Swat region and are accompanied with heavy snowfall and hail storms so most of the Green algal members form resistant spores and parenting bodies to tide over the winters. 1760 ASGHAR ALI ET AL., Table 1. Thallus Diversity exhibited by Chlorophycean Genera from fresh waters of District Swat. 1Uni 2Colo 3UBF 4BF 5PsF 6ML 7HT 8IRR S.No. Algal taxa No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % Division Chlorophyta Class Chlorophyceae 138 Order Chlorococcales Family Oocystaceae 1. Ankistrodesmus Corda 5 3.6 2. Chlorella Beyerinck 2 1.4 3. Dactylococcus Naegeli 1 0.7 4. Gloetaenium Hansgirg 1 0.7 5. Kirchneriella Schmidle 2 1.4 6. Nephrocytium Naegeli 2 1.4 7. Oocystis Naegeli in A. Braun 10 7.2 8. Quadrrigula Printz 1 0.7 9. Selenastrum Reinsch 1 0.7 10. Tetraedron Kuetzing 10 7.2 11. Trochiscia Kuetzing 3 2.2 12. Westella de Wildemann 1 0.7 Family Chlorococcaceae 13. Chlorococcum Fries 1 0.7 14. Dictyosphaerium Naegeli 2 1.4 15. Dimorphococcus A. Braun 1 0.7 Family Characiaceae 16. Characium A. Braun in Kuetzing 3 2.2 Family Coelastraceae 17. Coelastrum Naegeli in Kuetzing 4 2.9 Family Hydrodictyaceae 18. Hydrodictyon Roth 1 0.7 19. Pediastrum Meyen 5 3.6 Family Scenedesmaceae 20. Actinastrum Lagerheim 1 0.7 21. Crucigenia Morren 7 5 22. Scenedesmus Meyen 10 7.2 Order Cladophorales Family Cladophoraceae 23. 23. Basicladia Hoffman & Tilden 1 0.7 24. Cladophora Kuetzing 1 0.7 25. Pithophora Wittrock 2 1.4 Order Chaetophorales Family Chaetophoraceae 26. Chaetophora Schrank 1 0.7 Family Chaetosphaeridiaceae 27. Chaetospharidium Klebahn 1 0.7 Family Coleochaetaceae 28. Coleochaete de Brebisson 1 0.7 Order Sphaeropleales Family Sphaeropleaceae 29. Sphaeroplea C. A. Agardh 1 0.7 DIVERSITY OF THE GENERA OF CHLOROPHYTA IN FRESH WATERS OF DISTRICT SWAT N.W.F.P PAKISTAN 1761 Table 1. (Cont’d.). 1Uni 2Colo 3UBF 4BF 5PsF 6ML 7HT 8IRR S.No. Algal taxa No % No % No % No % No % No % No % No % Order Oedogoniales Family Oedogoniaceae 30. Oedogonium Link 1 0.7 31. Bulbochaete C. A. Agardh 1 0.7 Order Tetrasporales Family Palmellaceae 32. Asterococcus Scherffel 1 0.7 33. Gloeocystis Naegeli 3 2.2 34. Palmella Lyngbye 1 0.7 35. Palmodictyon Kuetzing 1 0.7 36. Sphaerocystis Chodat 1 0.7 Family Cocomaxaceae 37. Elakatothrix Wille 2 1.4 Family Tetrasporaceae 38. Tetrospora Link 3 2.2 39. Schizochlamys Braun in Kuetzing 2 1.4 Order Ulotrichales Family Ulotrichaceae 40. Geminella Turpin 2 1.4 41. Ulothrix Kuetzing 4 2.1 Family Microsporaceae 42. Microspora Thuret 1 0.7 Family Cylindrocapsaceae 43. Cylindrocapsa Reinsch 1 0.7 Order Volvocales Family Chlamydomonadaceae 44. Chlamydomonas Ehrenberg 4 2.1 Family Haematococcaceae 45. Haematococcus C.A.Agardh Icon Algar 1 0.7 Family Volvocaceae 46. Gonium Mueller, Silva %Wade 1 0.7 47. Eudorina Ehrenberg 1 0.7 48. Pandorina Bory 1 0.7 49. Pleodorina Shaw 1 0.7 50. Volvox Linnaeus 2 1.4 Order Zygnematales Family Desmidiaceae/Closterieae 51. Closterium Nitzsch 5 3.6 Sub-family Cosmarieae 52. Cosmarium Corda 7 5 53. Staurastrum Meyen 2 1.4 Family Zygnemataceae 54. Spirogyra Link 2 1.4 55. Mougeotia (C.A. Agardh) Wittrock 4 2.1 56. Zygnema C. A. Agardh 1 0.7 (Uni- Unicellular Colo- Colonial UBF- Unbranched Filamentous BF- Branched Filamentous PsF- Pseudofilamentous ML- Mesh like thallus HT- Heterotrichous IRR- Irregular thallus) 1762 ASGHAR ALI ET AL., Table 2. Diversity of Chlorophycean Genera from different localities of Swat. Saidu Khwaza Kalam Aligrama Kabal Ningolai Matta Madian Bahrain Kalam Algal taxa Sharif Khela No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % No: % Division Chlorophyta Class Chlorophyceae 73 89 85 86 71 74 73 70 70 69 Order Chlorococcales Family Oocystaceae 1. Ankistrodesmus Corda 4 5.4 - - 5 5.8 5 - - 5 - - 4 3 3 2. Chlorella Beyerinck 2 2.7 2 2.2 2 2.3 2 2 2 1 1 - - - - 3. Dactylococcus Naegeli - - 1 1.1 1 1.1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - 4. Gloetaenium Hansgirg - - 1 1.1 1 1.1 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - 5. Kirchneriella Schmidle 1 1.3 2 2.2 2 2.3 1 1 1 - - 2 1 1 6. Nephrocytium Naegeli 2 2.7 2 2.2 2 2.3 1 - - 1 2 - - - - - - 7. Oocystis Naegeli in A. Braun 6 8.2 5 5.6 3 3.5 8 5 3 - - 5 4 3 8. Quadrrigula Printz - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - 9. Selenastrum Reinsch - - 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 - - 1 - - 10. Tetraedron Kuetzing 2 2.7 3 3.3 4 4.7 5 3 7 6 9 8 3 11. Trochiscia Kuetzing - - 3 3.3 - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - 12. Westella de Wildemann - - - - - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - Family Chlorococcaceae 1 1.3 1 1.1 1 1.1 1 1 1 - - - - 1 - - 13. Chlorococcum Fries 14. Dictyosphaerium Naegeli 2 2.7 2 2.2 2 2.3 - - - - - - 2 - - 1 1 15.
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    AN ALL-TAXA BIODIVERSITY INVENTORY OF THE HURON MOUNTAIN CLUB Version: August 2016 Cite as: Woods, K.D. (Compiler). 2016. An all-taxa biodiversity inventory of the Huron Mountain Club. Version August 2016. Occasional papers of the Huron Mountain Wildlife Foundation, No. 5. [http://www.hmwf.org/species_list.php] Introduction and general compilation by: Kerry D. Woods Natural Sciences Bennington College Bennington VT 05201 Kingdom Fungi compiled by: Dana L. Richter School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI 49931 DEDICATION This project is dedicated to Dr. William R. Manierre, who is responsible, directly and indirectly, for documenting a large proportion of the taxa listed here. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 5 SOURCES 7 DOMAIN BACTERIA 11 KINGDOM MONERA 11 DOMAIN EUCARYA 13 KINGDOM EUGLENOZOA 13 KINGDOM RHODOPHYTA 13 KINGDOM DINOFLAGELLATA 14 KINGDOM XANTHOPHYTA 15 KINGDOM CHRYSOPHYTA 15 KINGDOM CHROMISTA 16 KINGDOM VIRIDAEPLANTAE 17 Phylum CHLOROPHYTA 18 Phylum BRYOPHYTA 20 Phylum MARCHANTIOPHYTA 27 Phylum ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA 29 Phylum LYCOPODIOPHYTA 30 Phylum EQUISETOPHYTA 31 Phylum POLYPODIOPHYTA 31 Phylum PINOPHYTA 32 Phylum MAGNOLIOPHYTA 32 Class Magnoliopsida 32 Class Liliopsida 44 KINGDOM FUNGI 50 Phylum DEUTEROMYCOTA 50 Phylum CHYTRIDIOMYCOTA 51 Phylum ZYGOMYCOTA 52 Phylum ASCOMYCOTA 52 Phylum BASIDIOMYCOTA 53 LICHENS 68 KINGDOM ANIMALIA 75 Phylum ANNELIDA 76 Phylum MOLLUSCA 77 Phylum ARTHROPODA 79 Class Insecta 80 Order Ephemeroptera 81 Order Odonata 83 Order Orthoptera 85 Order Coleoptera 88 Order Hymenoptera 96 Class Arachnida 110 Phylum CHORDATA 111 Class Actinopterygii 112 Class Amphibia 114 Class Reptilia 115 Class Aves 115 Class Mammalia 121 INTRODUCTION No complete species inventory exists for any area.
  • The Chlorococcalean Alga Botryococcus and Its

    The Chlorococcalean Alga Botryococcus and Its

    E. Demetrescu- Thechlorococcalean alga Botryococcus THE CHLOROCOCCALEANALGA BOTRYOCOCCUS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCEIN HYDROCARBONEXPLORATION EmanuelDevernrscu GeologicalInstiiute of Romania 1 CaransebesStreet, 78344 Bucharest 32, Romania Abstract. The chlorococcalean(Dictyosphaeriaceae), "oil-forming" alga Botryococcusand the significanceit bears in the explorationprocess of varioushydrooarbon iypes are considered,Morphological structure and characteristicsof boththe livingand the fossilspecimens, as well as the ecologicalrequirements - as they all controlthe chainof hydrocarbon-formingmechanisms - are discussed.A concisereview of itstypical forms (physiological states), relative to ihe basicrelationships with the corresponding hydrocarbonsare presented. Igl1yglglllynglggy,. Chloroc.occales,Bot4zococcas, morphology, (paleo)ecology, hydrocarbons It consistsmostly of darkgrey to dark brownclay and l.INTRODUCTION coaly clay interbeddedin the Pliocene coal-bearing sequencesdeveloped along the South Carpathians The colonialalga Botryococcushas arousedinterest Depression An important quantity came from the for many yearsnow due to its astonishingcapability to Miocenesediments of the BlackSea, offshore Romania. synthesizedifferent types of hydrocarboncompounds The laboratorytreatment followed the standard and,by doingso, havingthe essentialprecursory role in palynologicalprocedure involving maceration with HCL contributingto the formationof distinctivehydrocarbon 30o/oand HF 45o/o.Where necessaryto put in evidence categories. the humic content of
  • Sphaeropleales) from Periyar River, Kerala

    Sphaeropleales) from Periyar River, Kerala

    International Journal of Botany Studies ISSN: 2455-541X; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.12 Received: 14-11-2020; Accepted: 29-11-2020: Published: 13-12-2020 www.botanyjournals.com Volume 5; Issue 6; 2020; Page No. 482-488 A systematic account of scenedesmaceae (sphaeropleales) from Periyar River, Kerala Jayalakshmi PS*, Jose John Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Advanced Research, Department of Botany, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Kochi, Kerala, India Abstract The present study deals with the systematic account of 28 taxa of family Scenedesmaceae, order Sphaeropleales, (formerly belonging to the order Chlorococcales), collected from Periyar River in Kerala. They include the genera, namely, Acutodesmus (1), Desmodesmus (7), Scenedesmus (7), Tetradesmus (4), Westella (1), Coelastrum (5) Hariotina (1), Asterarcys (1) and Dimorphococcus (1). Out of these, three taxa are new to Kerala and most of them are new records from Periyar River. Keywords: Chlorococcales, chlorophyceae, freshwater algae, biodiversity, new report to Kerala 1. Introduction samples were deposited in the Phycology Division, The Chlorococcales comprises of an interesting group of Department of Botany, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, green algae represented by non-motile unicellular or Kochi, Kerala. colonial forms. Most of the members are aquatic and microscopic in nature but some may be macroscopic forms. 3. Results and Discussion Among planktonic Chlorococcales, Scenedesmaceae is one A total of twenty-eight taxa have been collected during the of most diversified and ubiquitous families in freshwater study period. They belong to the genera Acutodesmus (1), ecosystems. On the basis of morphology, Komárek & Fott Desmodesmus (7), Scenedesmus (7), Tetradesmus (4), included Scenedesmaceae in the order Chlorococcales Westella (1), Coelastrum (5) Hariotina (1), Asterarcys (1) (Chlorophyceae), while the family was transferred to the and Dimorphococcus (1).