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Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae) No Estado De São Paulo: Levantamento Florístico

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Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae) No Estado De São Paulo: Levantamento Florístico ANA MARGARITA LOAIZA RESTANO Família Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae) no Estado de São Paulo: levantamento florístico Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Área de Concentração Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. São Paulo 2013 ANA MARGARITA LOAIZA RESTANO Família Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae) no Estado de São Paulo: levantamento florístico Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo como parte dos requisitos exigidos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade Vegetal e Meio Ambiente, Área de Concentração Plantas Avasculares e Fungos em Análises Ambientais. ORIENTADOR: DR. CARLOS EDUARDO DE MATTOS BICUDO Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pelo NÚCLEO DE BIBLIOTECA E MEMÓRIA Loaiza Restano, Ana Margarita L795f Família Hydrodictyaceae (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae) no Estado de São Paulo: levantamento florístico / Ana Margarita Loaiza Restano -- São Paulo, 2013. 164 p. il. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2013. Bibliografia. 1. Algas. 2. Taxonomia. 3. Hydrodictyaceae. I. Título CDU: 582.26 iii "E é porque simplicidade e grandiosidade são ambas belas, que procuramos, de preferência, fatos simples e fatos grandiosos; que nos deleitamos tanto em seguir os cursos gigantes das estrelas, assim como com o escrutínio, no microscópio, das prodigiosas minúcias que também são uma grandiosidade; assim como na busca das idades geológicas dos traços do passado que nos atraem devido à sua lonjura". HENRI POINCARÉ (Traduzido de "Science et méthode") (1908) iv AGRADECIMENTOS ostaria de expressar minha gratidão e admiração a todas as pessoas que, de uma ou outra maneira e com seus incalculáveis conhecimentos, me ajudaram a esclarecer dúvidas e me proporcionaram a oportunidade de realizar esta G dissertação. Sou imensamente agradecida ao meu orientador, Dr. Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo, que me deu a oportunidade de vir ao Brasil e me apresentar ao Programa de Pós-graduação do Instituto de Botânica. Um grande pensador uma vez disse “uma boa cabeça e um bom coração fazem sempre uma extraordinária combinação”. Sinto que esta maravilhosa combinação encontra-se refletida na vida e na obra do Dr. Bicudo, já que seu exemplo, seu amor pelo conhecimento e seu cuidadoso exercício da taxonomia, assim como sua tenacidade e disciplina, serviram-me como referência e ajudaram-me a fixar o norte desta difícil travessia, que foi meu projeto de pesquisa e cujos resultados são apresentados nesta dissertação. Desejo aproveitar este espaço para agradecer também ao Dr. Bicudo o fato de ter-me compartilhado suas reflexões sobre como enfrentar as diferentes situações que se apresentam em nossa vida, além de sua simpatia e sua copiosa paciência que, entre outras coisas, não deixa de ser imprescindível para realizar ciência. À Drª Carla Ferragut, que me estendeu a mão nos complicados momentos de redação dos relatórios. Agradeço-lhe também tanto pelo empréstimo de material bibliográfico quanto pelo apoio e pelos vários comentários científicos crítico-construtivos que foram tão importantes para minha dissertação. Ao Dr. Augusto Comas González, pesquisador do “Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos”, em Ciudad Nuclear, Cuba, pela inestimável ajuda como consultor, confirmando identificações taxonômicas de espécies estudadas e esclarecendo dúvidas a respeito da taxonomia e da nomenclatura atual da família que, antes, não me haviam ficado claras. Ainda, por ter-me dedicado parte de seu precioso tempo para ler este manuscrito e realizar correções. Às Drª Andréa Tucci, Drª Célia Leite Sant’Anna e Drª Denise de Campos Bicudo, por terem-me permitindo acesso irrestrito a suas bibliotecas particulares. v Ao Professor Tarciso S. Filgueiras, pela enorme disposição pelo e tempo concedido para ajudar-me com o latim e, assim, corrigir o nome de algumas das espécies encontradas. À Barbara Pellegrini, Camila Carvalho, Jeniffer Pereira, Lucineide Santana, Luciane Fontana, Simone Wengrat e Yukio Hayashi, pela amizade e auxílio nos momentos mais difíceis. Ao “Povo das Águas”, em especial à Stephania Biolo e ao Sidney Fernandes por ter me doado alguns materiais bibliográficos de suas posses, às “Panteras”, e ao “Povo” da ecologia terrestre, por todo auxílio e pelos momentos agradáveis, com palavras de alento. À Dinorah, pela grande colaboração durante o tempo em que morei no alojamento do Instituto de Botânica; e à Viviana Motato e Ana Cristina Bolaños, compatriotas colombianas, com quem partilhei um tempo no alojamento. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal em Nível Superior, CAPES, pelo apoio financeiro através da bolsa de Mestrado (processo sem número individual) para a realização deste trabalho. A meus pais pelo apoio moral através da distância e ao Daniel (meu irmão) que me alentou e teve a ideia original de eu estudar no Brasil. ☮ vi CONTEÚDO AGRADECIMENTOS .................................................................................................................... v 1. INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................ 10 Classe Chlorophyceae ................................................................................................................ 17 Ordem Chlorococcales Pasher 1915 .......................................................................................... 18 Ordem Sphaeropleales Lürssen 1877 sensu Deason et al. 1991 ................................................ 20 Família Hydrodictyaceae Dumortier 1829 ................................................................................ 22 Família Hydrodictyaceae no Estado de São Paulo .................................................................... 26 2. OBJETIVOS .............................................................................................................................. 30 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ...................................................................................................... 31 3.1. Área de estudo .................................................................................................................... 31 3.2. Material de estudo .............................................................................................................. 31 3.3. Coleta do material ............................................................................................................... 36 3.4. Fixação e preservação do material ...................................................................................... 36 3.5. Inclusão do material no herbário institucional ................................................................... 37 3.6. Estudo do material .............................................................................................................. 37 3.7. Identificação taxonômica do material ................................................................................. 38 3.8. Descrição e ilustração do material ...................................................................................... 38 4. TAXONOMIA .......................................................................................................................... 40 Chave para os gêneros representados no Estado de São Paulo: ................................................ 40 Chlorotetraëdron McEntee, Bold & Archibald ......................................................................... 41 Hydrodictyon Roth .................................................................................................................... 42 Lacunastrum H. McManus ........................................................................................................ 44 Monactinus Corda...................................................................................................................... 45 Parapediastrum E. Hegewald .................................................................................................... 51 Pediastrum Meyen ..................................................................................................................... 54 Pseudopediastrum E. Hegewald ................................................................................................ 62 Sorastrum Kützing ..................................................................................................................... 66 Stauridium Corda ....................................................................................................................... 71 Tetraëdron Kützing ................................................................................................................... 73 5. CONCLUSÕES E SUGESTÕES.............................................................................................. 77 vii 6. RESUMO .................................................................................................................................. 92 7. “SUMMARY” ........................................................................................................................... 94 8. REFERÊNCIAS CITADAS ...................................................................................................... 96 ILUSTRAÇÕES .........................................................................................................................
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